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Hadkar VM, Mohanty C, Selvaraj CI. Biopolymeric nanocarriers in cancer therapy: unleashing the potency of bioactive anticancer compounds for enhancing drug delivery. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25149-25173. [PMID: 39139249 PMCID: PMC11317881 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03911d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer treatment is becoming a global concern, and recent developments in nanomedicine are essential for its treatment. Cancer is a severe metabolic syndrome that affects the human population and is a significant contributing factor to deaths globally. In science, nanotechnology offers rapidly developing delivery methods for natural bioactive compounds that are becoming increasingly prominent and can be used to treat diseases in a site-specific way. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are conventional approaches for preventing cancer progression and have adverse effects on the human body. Many chemically synthesized drugs are used as anticancer agents, but they have several side effects; hence, they are less preferred. Medicinal plants and marine microorganisms represent a vast, mostly untapped reservoir of bioactive compounds for cancer treatment. However, they have several limitations, including nonspecific targeting, weak water solubility and limited therapeutic potential. An alternative option is the use of biopolymeric nanocarriers, which can generate effective targeted treatment therapies when conjugated with natural anticancer compounds. The present review focuses on biopolymeric nanocarriers utilizing natural sources as anticancer drugs with improved tumor-targeting efficiency. This review also covers various natural anticancer compounds, the advantages and disadvantages of natural and synthetic anticancer compounds, the problems associated with natural anticancer drugs and the advantages of biopolymeric nanocarriers over synthetic nanocarriers as drug delivery agents. This review also discusses various biopolymeric nanocarriers for enhancing the controlled delivery of anticancer compounds and the future development of nanomedicines for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Manoj Hadkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chirasmita Mohanty
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VIT School of Agricultural Sciences and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), VIT Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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2
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Huang YP, Yeh CA, Ma YS, Chen PY, Lai KC, Lien JC, Hsieh WT. PW06 suppresses cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells via the inhibitions of p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2768-2781. [PMID: 38264921 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PW06 [(E)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one], a kind of the carbazole derivative containing chalcone moiety, induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. There is no investigation to show that PW06 inhibits cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Herein, PW06 (0.1-0.8 μM) significantly exists in the antimetastatic activities of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Wound healing assay shows PW06 at 0.2 μM suppressed cell mobility by 7.45 and 16.55% at 6 and 24 hours of treatments. PW06 at 0.1 and 0.2 μM reduced cell mobility by 14.72 and 21.8% for 48 hours of treatment. Transwell chamber assay indicated PW06 (0.1-0.2 μM) suppressed the cell migration (decreased 26.67-35.42%) and invasion (decreased 48.51-68.66%). Atomic force microscopy assay shows PW06 (0.2 μM) significantly changed the shape of cell morphology. The gelatin zymography assay indicates PW06 decreased MMP2's and MMP9's activities at 48 hours of treatment. Western blotting assay further confirms PW06 reduced levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and increased protein expressions of EGFR, SOS1, and Ras. PW06 also increased the p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38. PW06 increased the expression of PI3K, PTEN, Akt, GSK3α/β, and E-cadherin. Nevertheless, results also show PW06 decreased p-Akt, mTOR, NF-κB, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, Snail, N-cadherin, and vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The confocal laser microscopy examination shows PW06 increased E-cadherin but decreased vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that PW06 inhibited the p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/MMPs pathways, increased E-cadherin, and decreased N-cadherin/vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion in MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Khan A, Khan A, Khan MA, Malik Z, Massey S, Parveen R, Mustafa S, Shamsi A, Husain SA. Phytocompounds targeting epigenetic modulations: an assessment in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1273993. [PMID: 38596245 PMCID: PMC11002180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants have been serving as sources of potential therapeutic agents. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the effects of plant-derived compounds on epigenetic processes, a novel and captivating Frontier in the field of epigenetics research. Epigenetic changes encompass modifications to DNA, histones, and microRNAs that can influence gene expression. Aberrant epigenetic changes can perturb key cellular processes, including cell cycle control, intercellular communication, DNA repair, inflammation, stress response, and apoptosis. Such disruptions can contribute to cancer development by altering the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. However, these modifications are reversible, offering a unique avenue for therapeutic intervention. Plant secondary compounds, including terpenes, phenolics, terpenoids, and sulfur-containing compounds are widely found in grains, vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants. Numerous plant-derived compounds have demonstrated the potential to target these abnormal epigenetic modifications, including apigenin (histone acetylation), berberine (DNA methylation), curcumin (histone acetylation and epi-miRs), genistein (histone acetylation and DNA methylation), lycopene (epi-miRs), quercetin (DNA methylation and epi-miRs), etc. This comprehensive review highlights these abnormal epigenetic alterations and discusses the promising efficacy of plant-derived compounds in mitigating these deleterious epigenetic signatures in human cancer. Furthermore, it addresses ongoing clinical investigations to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these phytocompounds in cancer treatment, along with their limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zoya Malik
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Saad Mustafa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed A. Husain
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Grover P, Thakur K, Bhardwaj M, Mehta L, Raina SN, Rajpal VR. Phytotherapeutics in Cancer: From Potential Drug Candidates to Clinical Translation. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1050-1074. [PMID: 38279745 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282518231231075311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Annually, a significant number of individuals succumb to cancer, an anomalous cellular condition characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the emergence of highly perilous tumors. Identifying underlying molecular mechanism(s) driving disease progression has led to various inventive therapeutic approaches, many of which are presently under pre-clinical and/or clinical trials. Over the recent years, numerous alternative strategies for addressing cancer have also been proposed and put into practice. This article delineates the modern therapeutic drugs employed in cancer treatment and their associated toxicity. Due to inherent drug toxicity associated with most modern treatments, demand rises for alternative therapies and phytochemicals with minimal side effects and proven efficacy against cancer. Analogs of taxol, Vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin represent a few illustrative examples in this context. The phytochemicals often work by modifying the activity of molecular pathways that are thought to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. The principal objective of this study is to provide an overview of our current understanding regarding the pharmacologic effects and molecular targets of the active compounds found in natural products for cancer treatment and collate information about the recent advancements in this realm. The authors' interest in advancing the field of phytochemical research stems from both the potential of these compounds for use as drugs as well as their scientific validity. Accordingly, the significance of herbal formulations is underscored, shedding light on anticancer phytochemicals that are sought after at both pre-clinical and clinical levels, with discussion on the opportunities and challenges in pre-clinical and clinical cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, India
| | | | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Lovekesh Mehta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, India
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5
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Aghakhani A, Hezave MB, Rasouli A, Saberi Rounkian M, Soleimanlou F, Alhani A, Sabet Eqlidi N, Pirani M, Mehrtabar S, Zerangian N, Pormehr-Yabandeh A, Keylani K, Tizro N, Deravi N. Endoplasmic Reticulum as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Is there a Role for Flavonoids? Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:298-315. [PMID: 36959143 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are classified into subclasses of polyphenols, a multipurpose category of natural compounds which comprises secondary metabolites extracted from vascular plants and are plentiful in the human diet. Although the details of flavonoid mechanisms are still not realized correctly, they are generally regarded as antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative; anti-mutagenic; anti-neoplastic; anti-aging; anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, etc. The anti-cancer properties of flavonoids are evident in functions such as prevention of proliferation, metastasis, invasion, inflammation and activation of cell death. Tumors growth and enlargement expose cells to acidosis, hypoxia, and lack of nutrients which result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; it triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which reclaims homeostasis or activates autophagy. Steady stimulation of ER stress can switch autophagy to apoptosis. The connection between ER stress and cancer, in association with UPR, has been explained. The signals provided by UPR can activate or inhibit anti-apoptotic or apoptotic pathways depending on the period and grade of ER stress. In this review, we will peruse the link between flavonoids and their impact on the endoplasmic reticulum in association with cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Aghakhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saberi Rounkian
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arian Alhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sabet Eqlidi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Zerangian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Pormehr-Yabandeh
- Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Zhang YW, Schönberger K, Cabezas‐Wallscheid N. Bidirectional interplay between metabolism and epigenetics in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112348. [PMID: 38010205 PMCID: PMC10711668 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. Epigenetic regulatory enzymes are dependent on the availability of metabolites to facilitate DNA- and histone-modifying reactions. The metabolic and epigenetic features of HSCs and their downstream progenitors can be significantly altered by environmental perturbations, dietary habits, and hematological diseases. Therefore, understanding metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate healthy HSCs can contribute to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets that specifically eliminate leukemia stem cells while sparing healthy HSCs. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the metabolic and epigenetic interplay regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. We discuss the influence of metabolic stress stimuli, as well as alterations occurring during leukemic development. Additionally, we highlight recent therapeutic advancements toward eradicating acute myeloid leukemia cells by intervening in metabolic and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
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Joshi H, Gupta DS, Abjani NK, Kaur G, Mohan CD, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Rani I, Ramniwas S, Abdulabbas HS, Gupta M, Tuli HS. Genistein: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2893-2910. [PMID: 37300702 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, a commonly occurring isoflavone, has recently gained popularity owing to its ever-expanding spectrum of pharmacological benefits. In addition to health benefits such as improved bone health and reduced postmenopausal complications owing to its phytoestrogen properties, it has been widely evaluated for its anti-cancer potential. Several studies have established the potential for its usage in the management of breast, lung, and prostate cancers, and its usage has significantly evolved from early applications in traditional systems of medicine. This review offers an insight into its current status of usage, the chemistry, and pharmacokinetics of the molecule, an exploration of its apoptotic mechanisms in cancer management, and opportunities for synergism to improve therapeutic outcomes. In addition to this, the authors have presented an overview of recent clinical trials, to offer an understanding of contemporary studies and explore prospects for a greater number of focused trials, moving forward. Advancements in the application of nanotechnology as a strategy to improve safety and efficacy have also been highlighted, with a brief discussion of results from safety and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Nosheen Kamruddin Abjani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | | | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Medical Sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, 134007, Ambala, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas
- Continuous Education Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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Vonka P, Rarova L, Bazgier V, Tichy V, Kolarova T, Holcakova J, Berka K, Kvasnica M, Oklestkova J, Kudova E, Strnad M, Hrstka R. Small change - big consequence: The impact of C15-C16 double bond in a D‑ring of estrone on estrogen receptor activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106365. [PMID: 37468002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a key biomarker for breast cancer, and the presence or absence of ER in breast and other hormone-dependent cancers decides treatment regimens and patient prognosis. ER is activated after ligand binding - typically by steroid. 2682 steroid compounds were used in a molecular docking study to identify novel ligands for ER and to predict compounds that may show anticancer activity. The effect of the most promising compounds was determined by a novel luciferase reporter assay. Two compounds, 7 and 12, showing ER inhibitory activity comparable to clinical inhibitors such as tamoxifen or fulvestrant were selected. We propose that the inhibitory effect of compounds 7 and 12 on ER is related to the presence of a double bond in their D-ring, which may protect against ER activation by reducing the electron density of the keto group, or may undergo metabolism leading to an active compound. Western blotting revealed that compound 12 decreased the level of ER in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, which was associated with reduced expression of both isoforms of the progesterone receptor, a well-known downstream target of ER. However, compound 12 has a different mechanism of action from fulvestrant. Furthermore, we found that compound 12 interferes with mitochondrial functions, probably by disrupting the electron transport chain, leading to induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway even in ER-negative breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the combination of computational and experimental methods shown here represents a rapid approach to determine the activity of compounds towards ER. Our data will not only contribute to research focused on the regulation of ER activity but may also be useful for the further development of novel steroid receptor-targeted drugs applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vonka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Tichy
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Kolarova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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9
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Cimmino A, Fasciglione GF, Gioia M, Marini S, Ciaccio C. Multi-Anticancer Activities of Phytoestrogens in Human Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13344. [PMID: 37686148 PMCID: PMC10487502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived bioactive compounds with estrogen-like properties. Their potential health benefits, especially in cancer prevention and treatment, have been a subject of considerable research in the past decade. Phytoestrogens exert their effects, at least in part, through interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs), mimicking or inhibiting the actions of natural estrogens. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the impact of phytoestrogens on osteosarcoma (OS), a type of bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults and is currently presenting limited treatment options. Considering the critical role of the estrogen/ERs axis in bone development and growth, the modulation of ERs has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of OS. This review provides an extensive overview of current literature on the effects of phytoestrogens on human OS models. It delves into the multiple mechanisms through which these molecules regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and key pathways implicated in the growth and progression of OS, including ER signaling. Moreover, potential interactions between phytoestrogens and conventional chemotherapy agents commonly used in OS treatment will be examined. Understanding the impact of these compounds in OS holds great promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches that can augment current OS treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.F.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
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10
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Zou B, Xu Y. Exploring Natural Products as Radioprotective Agents for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37509245 PMCID: PMC10377328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, radiotherapy causes damage to the surrounding cells and is toxic to normal tissues. Therefore, an effective radioprotective agent that prevents the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is required. Numerous synthetic substances have been shown to have clear radioprotective effects. However, most of these have not been translated for use in clinical applications due to their high toxicity and side effects. Many medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In recent years, new agents obtained from natural products have been investigated by radioprotection researchers, due to their abundance of sources, high efficiency, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of natural products, including ROS scavenging, promotion of DNA damage repair, anti-inflammatory effects, and the inhibition of cell death signaling pathways. In addition, we systematically review natural products with radioprotective properties, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Specifically, we discuss the polyphenols apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin; the polysaccharides astragalus, schisandra, and Hohenbuehelia serotina; the saponins ginsenosides and acanthopanax senticosus; and the alkaloids matrine, ligustrazine, and β-carboline. However, further optimization through structural modification, improved extraction and purification methods, and clinical trials are needed before clinical translation. With a deeper understanding of the radioprotective mechanisms involved and the development of high-throughput screening methods, natural products could become promising novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyou Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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ALaqeel NK. Antioxidants from different citrus peels provide protection against cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e271619. [PMID: 37436265 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite significant advancements in the discovery of medications for the treatment of cancer, these drugs are hindered by applicability and efficacy issues and frequently exhibit major side effects that can further impair patients 'quality of life. Therefore, the development of therapeutically sound anti-cancer medicines derived from natural products has gained prominence in the field of functional foods. Some of these compounds have shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as low toxicity. Additionally, many recent studies have explored the recycling of agro-industrial waste to create bioactive chemicals. Citrus peels are produced in vast quantities in the food processing sector; due to their abundance of flavonoids, they may be inexpensive sources of protection against several cancers. Citrus is a common type of fruit that contains a variety of nutrients. In particular, the antioxidant chemicals found in citrus peel have been identified as potential cancer-fighting agents. Antioxidant substances such as flavonoids prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting the metastatic cascade, decreasing the mobility of cancer cells in the circulatory system, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis. To explore the most effective uses of citrus peel-derived antioxidants, this review presents background information, an overview of the role of citrus antioxidants in cancer therapy, and a discussion of the key underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Khalifa ALaqeel
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Goel H, Kumar R, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Kang S, Moon M, Choi J, Choi M, Park MN, Kim B, Saeed M. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of natural products in the prevention and treatment of leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114351. [PMID: 36736284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are now the most common treatments associated with severe side effects and multi-drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches with adequate therapeutic efficacy and selectively eliminate leukemic cells to improve the consequences of leukemia. Medicinal plants have been utilized for ages to treat multiple disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Plant-derived products have been used as therapeutic medication to prevent and treat many types of cancer. Over the last two decades, 50 % of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide are from natural products and their derivatives. Therefore this study aims to review natural products such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing, and organosulfur compounds as antileukemic agents. Current investigations have identified natural products efficiently destroy leukemia cells through diverse mechanisms of action by inhibiting proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Current investigations have identified natural products as suitable promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. It played an essential role in drug development and emerged as a possible source of biologically active metabolites for therapeutic interventions, especially in leukemia. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India,.
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Sojin Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81411 Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Costa AR, Duarte AC, Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. Bitter taste signaling in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 315:121363. [PMID: 36610638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance of cancer cells to many drugs used in chemotherapy remains a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance transporters, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, are a major cause of cancer drug resistance since they translocate a broad range of drug compounds across the cell membrane, extruding them out of the cells. The regulation of ABC transporters by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), which might be activated by specific bitter tasting compounds, was described in several types of cells/organs, becoming a potential target for cancer therapy. TAS2Rs expression has been reported in many organs and several types of cancer, like breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancers, where their activation was shown to be involved in various biological actions (cell survival, apoptosis, molecular transport, among others). Moreover, many TAS2Rs' ligands, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, with well-recognized beneficial properties, including several anticancer effects, have been reported as potential adjuvants in cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of TAS2Rs and bitter tasting compounds in different types of cancer as a possible way to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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14
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Huang Z, Shen Y, Liu W, Yang Y, Guo L, Yan Q, Wei C, Guo Q, Fan X, Ma W. Berberine targets the electron transport chain complex I and reveals the landscape of OXPHOS dependency in acute myeloid leukemia with IDH1 mutation. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:136-145. [PMID: 36871981 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, a newly recognized trait of tumor biology, is an intensively studied prospect for oncology medicines. For numerous tumors and cancer cell subpopulations, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for their biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions. Cancer cells with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) exhibit differentiation arrest, epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, and sensitivity to mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitors. In this study, we report that berberine, which is widely used in China to treat intestinal infections, acted solely at the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, and that its association with IDH1 mutant inhibitor (IDH1mi) AG-120 decreased mitochondrial activity and enhanced antileukemic effect in vitro andin vivo. Our study gives a scientific rationale for the therapy of IDH1 mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients using combinatory mitochondrial targeted medicines, particularly those who are resistant to or relapsing from IDH1mi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yunfu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chengming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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15
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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis in Tumor Cells: A Promising Adjuvant in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021680. [PMID: 36675194 PMCID: PMC9863215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to the contribution of the natural polyphenols contained in them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The multiple mechanisms involved in their anti-tumor action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death. Since the dysregulation of death processes is involved in cancer etiopathology, the natural compounds able to kill cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death, is the most potent defense against cancer and the main mechanism used by both chemotherapy agents and polyphenols. The aim of this review is to provide an update of literature data on the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by some representative polyphenol family members in cancer cells. This aspect is particularly important because it may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving the polyphenols as adjuvants.
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16
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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17
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Combination Anticancer Therapies Using Selected Phytochemicals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175452. [PMID: 36080219 PMCID: PMC9458090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most widespread diseases globally, it is considered a vital health challenge worldwide and one of the main barriers to long life expectancy. Due to the potential toxicity and lack of selectivity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, discovering alternative treatments is a top priority. Plant-derived natural products have high potential in cancer treatment due to their multiple mechanisms of action, diversity in structure, availability in nature, and relatively low toxicity. In this review, the anticancer mechanisms of the most common phytochemicals were analyzed. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of the anticancer effect of combinations consisting of natural product or natural products with chemotherapeutic drugs was provided. This review should provide a strong platform for researchers and clinicians to improve basic and clinical research in the development of alternative anticancer medicines.
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18
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Genistein induces long-term expression of progesterone receptor regardless of estrogen receptor status and improves the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10303. [PMID: 35717540 PMCID: PMC9206647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is used to treat uterine endometrial cancer in young patients wishing to preserve their fertility as well as in advanced or recurrent patients, but its response rate is limited. The antitumor effect of progesterone is mediated by progesterone receptor (PR) binding. Hence, loss of progesterone’s therapeutic effect, i.e., development of progesterone resistance, is mainly due to decreased PR expression. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms that regulate PR expression. Immunohistochemistry analysis of specimens from 31 young, endometrial cancer patients showed that elevated PR expression significantly increased (P < 0.05) rates of progression-free and overall survival. We investigated mechanisms of regulating PR expression and suppressing cell proliferation using genistein, a chemotherapeutic agent against different cancers. Genistein inhibits cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in G2 and apoptosis; moreover, it upregulates prolonged expression of PR-B and forkhead box protein O1, regardless of estrogen receptor alpha expression in endometrial cancer cells. Genistein-induced PR expression decreases CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta expression and activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, rather than causing epigenetic alterations of the PR promoter. Therefore, increased PR expression is an important antitumor effect of genistein. This may help to improve the response rates of fertility-sparing treatments for young patients.
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19
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Koszałka P, Stasiłojć G, Miękus-Purwin N, Niedźwiecki M, Purwin M, Grabowski S, Bączek T. The Cooperative Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals on Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line MOLT-4 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094753. [PMID: 35563141 PMCID: PMC9099961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy affecting pediatric patients. ALL treatment regimens with cytostatics manifest substantial toxicity and have reached the maximum of well-tolerated doses. One potential approach for improving treatment efficiency could be supplementation of the current regimen with naturally occurring phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. Nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein have been studied in anti-cancer therapy, but their application is limited by their low bioavailability. However, their cooperative activity could potentially increase their efficiency at low, bioavailable doses. We studied their cooperative effect on the viability of a human ALL MOLT-4 cell line in vitro at the concentration considered to be in the bioavailable range in vivo. To analyze their potential side effect on the viability of non-tumor cells, we evaluated their toxicity on a normal human foreskin fibroblast cell line (BJ). In both cell lines, we also measured specific indicators of cell death, changes in cell membrane permeability (CMP), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Even at a low bioavailable concentration, genistein and curcumin decreased MOLT-4 viability, and their combination had a significant interactive effect. While resveratrol and quercetin did not affect MOLT-4 viability, together they enhanced the effect of the genistein/curcumin mix, significantly inhibiting MOLT-4 population growth in vitro. Moreover, the analyzed phytochemicals and their combinations did not affect the BJ cell line. In both cell lines, they induced a decrease in MMP and correlating CMP changes, but in non-tumor cells, both metabolic activity and cell membrane continuity were restored in time. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate that the interactive activity of analyzed phytochemicals can induce an anti-cancer effect on ALL cells without a significant effect on non-tumor cells. It implies that the application of the combinations of phytochemicals an anti-cancer treatment supplement could be worth further investigation regardless of their low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszałka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Natalia Miękus-Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Niedźwiecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Szymon Grabowski
- GetResponse Cares Foundation, Arkońska Street 6/A3, 80-387 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Suppresses the Proinflammatory Cytokines in Human Glioblastoma Cells through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2108289. [PMID: 35368876 PMCID: PMC8975692 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), extracted from cruciferous vegetables, showed anticancer activity in many human cancer cells. Our previous studies disclosed the anticancer activity of PEITC in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells, including suppressing the cell proliferation, inducing apoptotic cell death, and suppressing cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, PEITC also inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors of human glioblastoma cells. We are the first to investigate PEITC effects on the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway and the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on glioblastoma. The cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometric assay. The protein levels and mRNA expressions of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear factor-kappa B- (NF-κB-) associated proteins were evaluated by western blotting. NF-κB expression and nuclear translocation were confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. NF-κB binding to the DNA was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Our results indicated that PEITC decreased the cell viability and inhibited the protein levels and expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes at the transcriptional level in GBM 8401 cells. PEITC inhibited the binding of NF-κB on promoter site of DNA in GBM 8401 cells. PEITC also altered the protein expressions of protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and NF-κB signaling pathways. The inflammatory responses in human glioblastoma cells may be suppressed by PEITC through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, PEITC may have the potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent for human glioblastoma in the future.
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21
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Antiangiogenic Phytochemicals Constituent of Diet as Promising Candidates for Chemoprevention of Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020302. [PMID: 35204185 PMCID: PMC8868078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive knowledge on cancer nature acquired over the last years, the high incidence of this disease evidences a need for new approaches that complement the clinical intervention of tumors. Interestingly, many types of cancer are closely related to dietary habits associated with the Western lifestyle, such as low fruit and vegetable intake. Recent advances around the old-conceived term of chemoprevention highlight the important role of phytochemicals as good candidates for the prevention or treatment of cancer. The potential to inhibit angiogenesis exhibited by many natural compounds constituent of plant foods makes them especially interesting for their use as chemopreventive agents. Here, we review the antitumoral potential, with a focus on the antiangiogenic effects, of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin or myricetin; terpenoids, such as ursolic acid or kahweol; and anthraquinones from Aloe vera, in different in vitro and in vivo assays, and the available clinical data. Although clinical trials have failed to assess the preventive role of many of these compounds, encouraging preclinical data support the efficacy of phytochemicals constituent of diet in the prevention and treatment of cancer, but a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action and better designed clinical trials are urgently needed.
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22
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Catarina Duarte A, Raquel Costa A, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Preissner R, R A Santos C. The druggability of bitter taste receptors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114915. [PMID: 35051386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain remains a major pharmacology challenge. A complex system of chemical surveillance to protect the brain from endogenous and exogenous toxicants at brain barriers hinders the uptake of many compounds with significant in vitro and ex vivo therapeutic properties. Despite the advances in the field in recent years, the components of this system are not completely understood. Recently, a large group of chemo-sensing receptors, have been identified in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Among these chemo-sensing receptors, bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) hold promise as potential drug targets, as many TAS2R bind compounds with recognized neuroprotective activity (quercetin, resveratrol, among others). Whether activation of TAS2R by their ligands contributes to their diverse biological actions described in other cells and tissues is still debatable. In this review, we discuss the potential role of TAS2R gene family as the mediators of the biological activity of their ligands for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and discuss their potential to counteract drug resistance by improving drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG- Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstrasse 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Zhou HR, Shen JZ, Fu HY, Zhang F. Genistein-induced Anticancer Effects on Acute Leukemia Cells Involve the Regulation of Wnt Signaling Pathway Through H4K20me1 Rather Than DNA Demethylation. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:869-879. [PMID: 34669117 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of genistein on the gene expression in the Wnt pathway in acute leukemia (AL) cells. METHODS The expression of Wnt pathway genes and cell cycle-related genes were analyzed in two AL cell lines. Pyrophosphate sequencing was performed to determine the methylation degree. Then, the enrichment of H4K20me1 and H3K9ac was determined using ChIP-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. RESULTS The IC50 of genistein in the two AL cell lines was lower than that for the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line. Genistein upregulated H4K20me1, KMT5A and Wnt suppressor genes, including Wnt5a, and downregulated the downstream target genes of Wnt, such as c-myc and β-catenin. The methylation degree and H3K9ac enrichment in the Wnt5a promoter region remained unchanged. However, the enrichment of H4K20me1 in the Wnt5a promoter and coding regions increased. In addition, genistein upregulated Phospho-cdc2, Myt1, Cyclin A, Cyclin E2, p21 and Phospho-histone H3, but downregulated Phospho-wee1. Cell cycle arrest was induced in the G2/M phase. CONCLUSION Genistein inhibits the activation of the Wnt pathway by promoting the expression of Wnt5a through the activation of KMT5A and enrichment of H4K20me1 in the Wnt5a gene promoter and coding regions, rather than demethylation. Genistein also blocks the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Therefore, genistein is a potential anti-leukemia drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Rong Zhou
- Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Shen
- Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Hai-Ying Fu
- Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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Bhat SS, Prasad SK, Shivamallu C, Prasad KS, Syed A, Reddy P, Cull CA, Amachawadi RG. Genistein: A Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agent. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1502-1517. [PMID: 34698063 PMCID: PMC8929066 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavonoid present in high quantities in soybeans. Possessing a wide range of bioactives, it is being studied extensively for its tumoricidal effects. Investigations into mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity have revealed many pathways including induction of cell proliferation, suppression of tyrosine kinases, regulation of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling, modulation of epigenetic activities, seizing of cell cycle and Akt and MEK signaling pathways, among others via which the cancer cell proliferation can be controlled. Notwithstanding, the observed activities have been time- and dose-dependent. In addition, genistein has also shown varying results in women depending on the physiological parameters, such as the early or post-menopausal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha S. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Shashanka K. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Kollur Shiva Prasad
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru 570026, Karnataka, India;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pruthvish Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560107, Karnataka, India;
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Akter R, Najda A, Rahman MH, Shah M, Wesołowska S, Hassan SSU, Mubin S, Bibi P, Saeeda S. Potential Role of Natural Products to Combat Radiotherapy and Their Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:5997. [PMID: 34641542 PMCID: PMC8512367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) are the common cancer treatments. In addition to these limitations, the development of adverse effects from chemotherapy and RT reduces the quality of life for cancer patients. Cellular radiosensitivity, or the ability to resist and overcome cell damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR), is directly related to cancer cells' response to RT. Therefore, radiobiological research is emphasizing chemical compounds 'radiosensitization of cancer cells so that they are more reactive in the IR spectrum. Recent years researchers have seen an increase in interest in natural products that have antitumor effects with minimal side effects. Natural products, on the other hand, are easy to recover and therefore less expensive. There have been several scientific studies done based on these compounds that have tested their ability in vitro and in vivo to induce tumor radiosensitization. The role of natural products in RT, as well as their usefulness and potential applications, is the goal of this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani Street, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sylwia Wesołowska
- Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Sidra Mubin
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Bibi
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Saeeda Saeeda
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
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12- Epi-Napelline Inhibits Leukemia Cell Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6687519. [PMID: 34306152 PMCID: PMC8266464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of 12-epi-napelline on leukemia cells and its possible mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of 12-epi-napelline on K-562 and HL-60 cells were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of related proteins was measured by western blot. A K-562 tumor model was established to evaluate the antitumor effect of 12-epi-napelline in vivo. A reduction in leukemia cell viability was observed after treatment with 12-epi-napelline. It was determined that the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the cell apoptosis rate was increased. Moreover, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were downregulated, whereas cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated. Further study revealed that 12-epi-napelline could suppress the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) attenuated 12-epi-napelline-induced apoptosis and ameliorated the repression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR by 12-epi-napelline. Animal experiments clearly showed that 12-epi-napelline inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, 12-epi-napelline restrained leukemia cell proliferation by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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Lee Y, Lee J, Lim C. Anticancer activity of flavonoids accompanied by redox state modulation and the potential for a chemotherapeutic strategy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:321-340. [PMID: 33868744 PMCID: PMC8017064 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since researchers began studying the mechanism of flavonoids' anticancer activity, little attention has been focused on the modulation of redox state in cells as a potential chemotherapeutic strategy. However, recent studies have begun identifying that the anticancer effect of flavonoids occurs both in their antioxidative activity which scavenges ROS and their prooxidative activity which generates ROS. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the individual and separate study findings regarding flavonoids' modulation of redox state in cancer cells. It focuses on the mechanism behind the anticancer effect, and mostly on the modulation of redox potential by flavonoids such as quercetin, hesperetin, apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), luteolin and kaempferol in both in vitro and animal models. In addition, the clinical applications of and bioavailability of flavonoids were reviewed to help build a treatment strategy based on flavonoids' prooxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Lee
- Foood and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Dongseo University, Jurae-ro 47, Sasang-Gu, Busan, 47011 Korea
| | - Jehyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Daesingongwon-ro 32, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Changbaek Lim
- Central Research & Development Center, Daewoo Pharmaceutical Co, LTD. 153, Dadae-ro, Saha-gu, Busan, 49393 Korea
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Féral K, Jaud M, Philippe C, Di Bella D, Pyronnet S, Rouault-Pierre K, Mazzolini L, Touriol C. ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Leukemia: Friend, Foe, or Both? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020199. [PMID: 33573353 PMCID: PMC7911881 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signaling pathway triggered by a stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen compartment, which is initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins. This response, mediated by three sensors-Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6), and Protein Kinase RNA-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK)—allows restoring protein homeostasis and maintaining cell survival. UPR represents a major cytoprotective signaling network for cancer cells, which frequently experience disturbed proteostasis owing to their rapid proliferation in an usually unfavorable microenvironment. Increased basal UPR also participates in the resistance of tumor cells against chemotherapy. UPR activation also occurs during hematopoiesis, and growing evidence supports the critical cytoprotective role played by ER stress in the emergence and proliferation of leukemic cells. In case of severe or prolonged stress, pro-survival UPR may however evolve into a cell death program called terminal UPR. Interestingly, a large number of studies have revealed that the induction of proapoptotic UPR can also strongly contribute to the sensitization of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Here, we review the current knowledge on the consequences of the deregulation of UPR signaling in leukemias and their implications for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Féral
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Jaud
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Philippe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Laurent Mazzolini
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- CNRS ERL5294, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
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Zhou Q, Jin P, Liu J, Li S, Liu W, Xi S. HER2 overexpression triggers the IL-8 to promote arsenic-induced EMT and stem cell-like phenotypes in human bladder epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111693. [PMID: 33396024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a natural chemical element that is strongly associated with bladder cancer. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind the association between arsenic and bladder cancer as well as identifying effective preventive interventions will help reduce the incidence and mortality of this disease. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties play key roles in cancer development and progression. Here, we reported that chronic exposure to arsenic resulted in EMT and increased levels of the CSC marker CD44 in human uroepithelial cells. Furthermore, IL-8 promoted a mesenchymal phenotype and upregulated CD44 by activating the ERK, AKT and STAT3 signaling. Phosphorylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was key for arsenic-induced IL-8 overexpression and depended on the simultaneous activation of the MAPK, JNK, PI3K/AKT and GSK3β signaling pathways. We also found that genistein inhibited arsenic-induced HER2 phosphorylation and downregulated its downstream signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting progression of EMT, and reducing CD44 expression levels. These results demonstrate that the HER2/IL-8 axis is related to the acquisition of an EMT phenotype and CSCs in arsenic-treated cells. The inhibitory effects of genistein on EMT and CSCs provide a new perspective for the intervention and potential chemotherapy against arsenic-induced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Weijue Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
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Benedicto A, Sanz E, Márquez J. Ocoxin as a complement to first line treatments in cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:835-845. [PMID: 33437220 PMCID: PMC7797552 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most frequent treatment for patients suffering from malignant progression of cancer. Even though new treatments are now being implemented, administration of these chemotherapeutic agents remains as the first line option in many tumor types. However, the secondary effects of these compounds represent one of the main reasons cancer patients lose life quality during disease progression. Recent data suggests that Ocoxin, a plant extract and natural compound based nutritional complement rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory mediators exerts a positive effect in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This mixture attenuates the chemotherapy and radiotherapy-related side effects such as radiation-induced skin burns and mucositis, chemotherapy-related diarrhea, hepatic toxicity and blood-infection. Moreover, it has been proven to be effective as anticancer agent in different tumor models both in vitro and in vivo, potentiating the cytotoxic effect of several chemotherapy compounds such as Lapatinib, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel, Sorafenib and Irinotecan. The aim of this review is to put some light on the potential of this nutritional mixture as an anticancer agent and complement for the standard chemotherapy routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Joana Márquez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Yi J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Kang Q, Zhang X, Suo K, Cao N, Hao L, Lu J. Potential of natural products as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers: opportunities and challenges. Food Funct 2021; 12:5204-5218. [PMID: 34018510 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural products can be used as natural radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, showing promising effects in cancer treatments in combination with radiotherapy, while reducing ionizing radiation (IR) damage to normal cells/tissues. The different effects of natural products on irradiated normal and tumor cells/tissues have attracted more and more researchers' interest. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of natural products in radiotherapy are few, which may be related to their low bioavailability in the human body. Here, we displayed the radiation protection and radiation sensitization of major natural products, highlighted the related molecular mechanisms of these bioactive substances combined with radiotherapy to treat cancer, and critically reviewed their deficiency and improved measures. Lastly, several clinical trials were presented to verify the clinical application of natural products as radiosensitizers and radioprotectors. Further clinical evaluation is still needed. This review provides a reference for the utilization of natural products as radiosensitizers and radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaomiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Keke Suo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Nana Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Torrens-Mas M, Roca P. Phytoestrogens for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E427. [PMID: 33261116 PMCID: PMC7759898 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a large group of natural compounds found in more than 300 plants. They have a close structural similarity to estrogens, which allow them to bind to both estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, presenting a weak estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens have been described as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-allergic, and anti-tumoral agents. Their role in cancer prevention has been well documented, although their impact on treatment efficiency is controversial. Several reports suggest that phytoestrogens may interfere with the effect of anti-cancer drugs through the regulation of oxidative stress and other mechanisms. Furthermore, some phytoestrogens could exert a protective effect on healthy cells, thus reducing the secondary effects of cancer treatment. In this review, we have studied the recent research in this area to find evidence for the role of phytoestrogens in cancer prevention and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010 Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Hwang ST, Yang MH, Baek SH, Um JY, Ahn KS. Genistin attenuates cellular growth and promotes apoptotic cell death breast cancer cells through modulation of ERalpha signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 263:118594. [PMID: 33075375 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a vital molecular target in ER-positive breast cancer. Genistin (GS) is one of isoflavones that can exert diverse pharmacological effects including that of anti-proliferation, anti-tumor angiogenesis, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we examined the efficacy of GS as an anti-cancer agent against breast cancer cells. We observed that GS exhibited more cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells than MDA-MB-231cells. We found that GS caused negative regulation of ERα. It also effectively down-modulated ER nuclear translocation as well DNA binding activity in breast cancer cells. Moreover, GS effectively induced apoptosis and suppressed levels of oncogenic markers in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, in ERα knocked-down MCF-7 cells, cell viability was found to be increased and the levels of cleaved PARP was abolished. We found completely contrasting results in ERα overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells, where cell viability was decreased and expression level of apoptotic markers was enhanced. Our results demonstrate that GS can suppress ERα signaling and can be useful for prevention and therapy of ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tae Hwang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Montané X, Kowalczyk O, Reig-Vano B, Bajek A, Roszkowski K, Tomczyk R, Pawliszak W, Giamberini M, Mocek-Płóciniak A, Tylkowski B. Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3342. [PMID: 32717865 PMCID: PMC7435624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anticancer therapies that involve natural drugs has undergone exponential growth in recent years. Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. The possibility of combining conventional drugs-which are usually more aggressive than natural compounds-with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with less side effects on human health. This review shows a wide range of trials in which polyphenolic compounds play a crucial role as anticancer medicines alone or in combination with other drugs at different stages of cancer: cancer initiation, promotion, and growth or progression. Moreover, the future directions in applications of various polyphenols in cancer therapy are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Montané
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.R.-V.); (M.G.)
| | - Oliwia Kowalczyk
- Research and Education Unit for Communication in Healthcare Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Curie Sklodowskiej St. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Jagiellonska St. 11, 95-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Belen Reig-Vano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.R.-V.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering Chair of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza St. 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Roszkowski
- Department of Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Romanowskiej St. 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Remigiusz Tomczyk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Curie Sklodowskiej St. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (R.T.); (W.P.)
| | - Wojciech Pawliszak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Curie Sklodowskiej St. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (R.T.); (W.P.)
| | - Marta Giamberini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.R.-V.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Mocek-Płóciniak
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences Poznan, ul. Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya. Chemical Technologies Unit, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Chen YC, Chen PN, Lin CW, Yang WE, Ho YT, Yang SF, Chuang CY. Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through p38-mediated upregulation of caspase activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:619-627. [PMID: 31916385 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidic acid (CA) is the hydrolysis product of the acid anhydride cantharidin, which is a natural toxin secreted by several species of blister beetles. Several studies have indicated that as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), CA induces apoptosis in various human cancer cells. However, the effect of CA on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the underlying pathways have not been addressed. In our current study, we tested the hypothesis that CA treatment reduces the viability of human NPC cells (HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM) by inducing apoptosis. Results indicated that CA markedly reduced cell viability, which was revealed by the upregulation of caspase activation in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways as well as the upregulation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) pathways. Coadministration of a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) with CA abolished the activation of caspase proteins. These findings indicated that CA treatment leads to apoptosis in human NPC cells through the upregulation of caspase activation, mediated particularly by the p38 pathway. Hence, CA is a promising therapeutic agent for human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040907. [PMID: 32276421 PMCID: PMC7226505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling has been widely studied in a variety of solid tumors, where the differential expression of ERα and ERβ subtypes can impact prognosis. ER signaling has only recently emerged as a target of interest in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematological malignancy with sub-optimal therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. In a variety of tumors, ERα activation has proliferative effects, while ERβ targeting results in cell senescence or death. Aberrant ER expression and hypermethylation have been characterized in AML, making ER targeting in this disease of great interest. This review describes the expression patterns of ERα and ERβ in AML and discusses the differing signaling pathways associated with each of these receptors. Furthermore, we assess how these signaling pathways can be targeted by various selective estrogen receptor modulators to induce AML cell death. We also provide insight into ER targeting in AML and discuss pending questions that require further study.
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Choudhari AS, Mandave PC, Deshpande M, Ranjekar P, Prakash O. Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1614. [PMID: 32116665 PMCID: PMC7025531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health problem that continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression has led to the development of a vast number of anticancer drugs. However, the use of chemically synthesized drugs has not significantly improved the overall survival rate over the past few decades. As a result, new strategies and novel chemoprevention agents are needed to complement current cancer therapies to improve efficiency. Naturally occurring compounds from plants known as phytochemicals, serve as vital resources for novel drugs and are also sources for cancer therapy. Some typical examples include taxol analogs, vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin analogs. These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular pathways which are implicated in growth and progression of cancer. The specific mechanisms include increasing antioxidant status, carcinogen inactivation, inhibiting proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; and regulation of the immune system. The primary objective of this review is to describe what we know to date of the active compounds in the natural products, along with their pharmacologic action and molecular or specific targets. Recent trends and gaps in phytochemical based anticancer drug discovery are also explored. The authors wish to expand the phytochemical research area not only for their scientific soundness but also for their potential druggability. Hence, the emphasis is given to information about anticancer phytochemicals which are evaluated at preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Choudhari
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Pallavi C Mandave
- Interactive Research School of Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Manasi Deshpande
- Department of Dravyaguna Vigan, Ayurved Pharmacology, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Cheng ZY, Hsiao YT, Huang YP, Peng SF, Huang WW, Liu KC, Hsia TC, Way TD, Chung JG. Casticin Induces DNA Damage and Affects DNA Repair Associated Protein Expression in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells (Running Title: Casticin Induces DNA Damage in Lung Cancer Cells). Molecules 2020; 25:E341. [PMID: 31952105 PMCID: PMC7024307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Casticin was obtained from natural plants, and it has been shown to exert biological functions; however, no report concerns the induction of DNA damage and repair in human lung cancer cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of casticin on DNA damage and repair in human lung cancer A549 cells. Cell viability was determined by flow cytometric assay. The DNA damage was evaluated by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and electrophoresis which included comet assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. The protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair were analyzed by western blotting. The expression and translocation of p-H2A.X were observed by confocal laser microscopy. Casticin reduced total viable cell number and induced DNA condensation, fragmentation, and damage in A549 cells. Furthermore, casticin increased p-ATM at 6 h and increased p-ATR and BRCA1 at 6-24 h treatment but decreased p-ATM at 24-48 h, as well as decreased p-ATR and BRCA1 at 48 h. Furthermore, casticin decreased p-p53 at 6-24 h but increased at 48 h. Casticin increased p-H2A.X and MDC1 at 6-48 h treatment. In addition, casticin increased PARP (cleavage) at 6, 24, and 48 h treatment, DNA-PKcs and MGMT at 48 h in A549 cells. Casticin induced the expressions and nuclear translocation of p-H2AX in A549 cells by confocal laser microscopy. Casticin reduced cell number through DNA damage and condensation in human lung cancer A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-F.P.); (W.-W.H.)
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40
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Tuli HS, Tuorkey MJ, Thakral F, Sak K, Kumar M, Sharma AK, Sharma U, Jain A, Aggarwal V, Bishayee A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Genistein in Cancer: Recent Advances. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31866857 PMCID: PMC6910185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genistein is one among the several other known isoflavones that is found in different soybeans and soy products. The chemical name of genistein is 4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. Genistein has drawn attention of scientific community because of its potential beneficial effects on human grave diseases, such as cancer. Mechanistic insight of genistein reveals its potential for apoptotic induction, cell cycle arrest, as well as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The purpose of this review is to unravel and analyze various molecular mechanisms of genistein in diverse cancer models. Data sources: English language literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBOSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Key words used in various combinations included genistein, cancer, anticancer, molecular mechanisms prevention, treatment, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Study selection: Study selection was carried out strictly in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Data extraction: Four authors independently carried out the extraction of articles. Data synthesis: One hundred one papers were found suitable for use in this review. Conclusion: This review covers various molecular interactions of genistein with various cellular targets in cancer models. It will help the scientific community understand genistein and cancer biology and will provoke them to design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Muobarak Jaber Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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Chiu CF, Chin HK, Huang WJ, Bai LY, Huang HY, Weng JR. Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells by a Novel HDAC8 Inhibitor. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120824. [PMID: 31817161 PMCID: PMC6995545 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy has been demonstrated to be a viable strategy for breast cancer treatment. In this study, we report the anti-tumor activity of a hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase (HDAC)8-selective inhibitor, HMC, in breast cancer cells. MTT assays showed that HMC inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 7.7 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. HMC induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was associated with its ability to modulate a series of cell survival-related signaling effectors, including Akt, mTOR, Bax, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2. Additionally, HMC was capable of activating PPARγ, which was accompanied by reduced expression of PPARγ target gene products, such as cyclin D1 and CDK6. HMC increased the production of ROS in MCF-7 cells, which could be partially reversed by the cotreatment with a ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine or glutathione). Furthermore, HMC induced autophagy, as characterized by the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and autophagic biomarkers including LC3B-II and Atg5. Notably, pharmacological blockade of autophagy by 3-MA or CQ could attenuate HMC-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy played a self-protective role in HMC-induced cell death. Together, these data suggest the translational potential of HMC to be developed into a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fang Chiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (L.-Y.B.)
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40415, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kuo Chin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (L.-Y.B.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80715, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Pathological and therapeutic aspects of matrix metalloproteinases: implications in childhood leukemia. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 38:829-837. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Weis KE, Raetzman LT. Genistein inhibits proliferation and induces senescence in neonatal mouse pituitary gland explant cultures. Toxicology 2019; 427:152306. [PMID: 31593742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone abundant in soybean and infants are exposed to high levels of genistein in soy-based formula. It is known that genistein mediates estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and exposure during neonatal development could cause acute and long term endocrine effects. We assayed genistein's impact on the neonatal mouse pituitary gland because it is an endocrine signaling hub and is sensitive to endocrine disruption during critical periods. Pituitary explant cultures, which actively proliferate and differentiate, were exposed to 0.06 μM-36 μM genistein and assayed for mRNA and protein changes. Genistein induced mRNA expression of the ERα regulated gene, Cckar, to the same magnitude as estradiol (E2) but with less potency. Interestingly, 36 μM genistein strongly inhibited pituitary proliferation, measured by a reduction in mKi67 mRNA and phospho-Histone H3 immunostaining. Examining cell cycle dynamics, we found that 36 μM genistein decreased Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1) mRNA; while mRNA for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21) was upregulated, correlated with an apparent increase in p21 immunostained cells. Strikingly, we observed a robust onset of cellular senescence, permanent cell cycle exit, in 36 μM genistein treated pituitaries by increased senescence activated β-galactosidase staining. We also found that 36 μM genistein decreased Bcl2 mRNA levels, a gene protective against apoptosis. Taken together these data suggest that genistein exposure during the neonatal period could initiate senescence and halt proliferation during a time when the proper numbers of endocrine cells are being established for mature gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
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Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184354. [PMID: 31491919 PMCID: PMC6770252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a grave problem nowadays in view of the fact that it has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Poor clinical prognosis is presumably due to cancer cells metabolism as tumor microenvironment is affected by oxidative stress. This event triggers adequate cellular response and thereby creates appropriate conditions for further cancer progression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the balance between an ability of the ER to fold and transfer proteins and the degradation of the misfolded ones become distorted. Since ER is an organelle relatively sensitive to oxidative damage, aforementioned conditions swiftly cause the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The output of the UPR, depending on numerous factors, may vary and switch between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic branch, and hence it displays opposing effects in deciding the fate of the cancer cell. The role of UPR-related proteins in tumorigenesis, such as binding the immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) or the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), has already been specifically described so far. Nevertheless, due to the paradoxical outcomes of the UPR activation as well as gaps in current knowledge, it still needs to be further investigated. Herein we would like to elicit the actual link between neoplastic diseases and the UPR signaling pathway, considering its major branches and discussing its potential use in the development of a novel, anti-cancer, targeted therapy.
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Park C, Cha HJ, Lee H, Hwang-Bo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Hong SH, Jeong JW, Han MH, Choi SH, Jin CY, Kim GY, Choi YH. Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Genistein in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells through Inhibition of the ROS-Dependent PI3k/Akt Signal Transduction Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090327. [PMID: 31438633 PMCID: PMC6769882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the anti-cancer effect of genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma T24 cells. According to our data, genistein induced G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Genistein down-regulated the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1, but up-regulated the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, that was complexed with Cdc2 and Cdk2. Furthermore, genistein induced the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9), and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, genistein-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, indicating that the induction of apoptosis by genestein was caspase-dependent. In addition, genistein increased the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and destroying mitochondria integrity. Moreover, genistein inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, while LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, increased the apoptosis-inducing effect of genistein. Genistein further increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly suppressed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, and in particular, NAC prevented genistein-mediated inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling, G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, the present results indicated that genistein promoted apoptosis induction in human bladder cancer T24 cells, which was associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest via regulation of ROS-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Department of System Management, Korea Lift College, Geochang 50141, Korea
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
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