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Nowling D, Crum KI, Joseph J. Sex differences in development of functional connections in the face processing network. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:280-290. [PMID: 38169075 PMCID: PMC10939922 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Understanding sex differences in typical development of the face processing network is important for elucidating disruptions during atypical development in sex-linked developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder. Based on prior sex difference studies in other cognitive domains, this study examined whether females show increased integration of core and extended face regions with age for face viewing, while males would show increased segregation. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design with typically developing children and adults (n = 133) and a functional MRI face localizer task. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis examined functional connectivity between canonical and extended face processing network regions with age, with greater segregation indexed by decreased core-extended region connectivity with age and greater integration indexed by increased core-extended region connectivity with age. RESULTS PPI analysis confirmed increased segregation for males-right fusiform face area (FFA) coupling to right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) opercular when viewing faces and left amygdala when viewing objects decreased with age. Females showed increased integration with age (increased coupling of the right FFA to right IFG opercular region and right occipital face area [OFA] to right IFG orbital when viewing faces and objects, respectively) and increased segregation (decreased coupling with age of the right OFA with IFG opercular region when viewing faces). CONCLUSIONS Development of core and extended face processing network connectivity follows sexually dimorphic paths. These differential changes mostly occur across childhood and adolescence, with males experiencing segregation and females both segregation and integration changes in connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Nowling
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathleen I. Crum
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jane Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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2
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Chen W, Guoyang H, Yu H, Xu Y. Comparisons of fentanyl and sufentanil on recovery time after inguinal hernia repair in children: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Surg 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38355485 PMCID: PMC10865580 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia repair is a common pediatric procedure. We studied postoperative recovery times in children undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with anesthesia induced by fentanyl versus sufentanil. METHODS We performed a pilot randomized clinical trial between February and December 2022. Eligible children were assigned into two age groups, 2-6 and 6-12 years old groups. Then, children in each age group were randomly assigned into either the fentanyl (2 µg/kg) or sufentanil (0.2 µg/kg) group for anesthesia induction. Baseline characteristics were collected. The primary outcome was the postoperative recovery time, which was recorded as the time period from extubation to a Steward recovery score reaching 6. Secondary outcomes included surgical duration, anesthetic duration, intubation duration, and intraoperative hemorrhage. RESULTS There were 300 children, with 75 children in each group. In the 2-6 years old group, children who received fentanyl had statistically significantly shorter postoperative recovery times than children who received sufentanil (0.9 ± 0.4 versus 1.5 ± 0.3 h, P < 0.001). However, in the 6-12 years old group, children who received fentanyl had statistically significantly longer postoperative recovery times than children who received sufentanil (1.2 ± 0.4 versus 0.8 ± 0.4 h, P < 0.001). Baseline characteristics and secondary outcomes were comparable between two groups. CONCLUSIONS Anesthesia induction with fentanyl or sufentanil resulted in different postoperative recovery times after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children in different age groups. More studies are required to determine the appropriate induction anesthetic in children of different ages. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was retrospectively registered online at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR2300072177, retrospectively registered on 06/06/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hongyun Guoyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yutong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
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3
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Jamieson AJ, Leonards CA, Davey CG, Harrison BJ. Major depressive disorder associated alterations in the effective connectivity of the face processing network: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:62. [PMID: 38272868 PMCID: PMC10810788 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is marked by altered processing of emotional stimuli, including facial expressions. Recent neuroimaging research has attempted to investigate how these stimuli alter the directional interactions between brain regions in those with MDD; however, methodological heterogeneity has made identifying consistent effects difficult. To address this, we systematically examined studies investigating MDD-associated differences present in effective connectivity during the processing of emotional facial expressions. We searched five databases: PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using a preregistered protocol (registration number: CRD42021271586). Of the 510 unique studies screened, 17 met our inclusion criteria. These studies identified that compared with healthy controls, participants with MDD demonstrated (1) reduced connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the amygdala during the processing of negatively valenced expressions, and (2) increased inhibitory connectivity from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to amygdala during the processing of happy facial expressions. Most studies investigating the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex noted differences in their connectivity; however, the precise nature of these differences was inconsistent between studies. As such, commonalities observed across neuroimaging modalities warrant careful investigation to determine the specificity of these effects to particular subregions and emotional expressions. Future research examining longitudinal connectivity changes associated with treatment response may provide important insights into mechanisms underpinning therapeutic interventions, thus enabling more targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J Jamieson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christine A Leonards
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety during the postpartum period moderate infants' neural response to emotional faces of their mother and of female strangers. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1370-1389. [PMID: 35799031 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Affective exchanges between mothers and infants are key to the intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety, possibly via adaptations in neural systems that support infants' attention to facial affect. The current study examined associations between postnatal maternal symptoms of depression, panic and social anxiety, maternal parenting behaviours, and infants' neural responses to emotional facial expressions portrayed by their mother and by female strangers. The Negative Central (Nc), an event-related potential component that indexes attention to salient stimuli and is sensitive to emotional expression, was recorded from 30 infants. Maternal sensitivity, intrusiveness, and warmth, as well as infant's positive engagement with their mothers, were coded from unstructured interactions. Mothers reporting higher levels of postnatal depression symptoms were rated by coders as less sensitive and warm, and their infants exhibited decreased positive engagement with the mothers. In contrast, postnatal maternal symptoms of panic and social anxiety were not significantly associated with experimenter-rated parenting behaviours. Additionally, infants of mothers reporting greater postnatal depression symptoms showed a smaller Nc to their own mother's facial expressions, whereas infants of mothers endorsing greater postnatal symptoms of panic demonstrated a larger Nc to fearful facial expressions posed by both their mother and female strangers. Together, these results suggest that maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety during the postpartum period have distinct effects on infants' neural responses to parent and stranger displays of emotion.
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Martínez A, Tobe RH, Gaspar PA, Malinsky D, Dias EC, Sehatpour P, Lakatos P, Patel GH, Bermudez DH, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Disease-Specific Contribution of Pulvinar Dysfunction to Impaired Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:787383. [PMID: 35237135 PMCID: PMC8883821 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.787383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One important aspect for managing social interactions is the ability to perceive and respond to facial expressions rapidly and accurately. This ability is highly dependent upon intact processing within both cortical and subcortical components of the early visual pathways. Social cognitive deficits, including face emotion recognition (FER) deficits, are characteristic of several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz (n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD (n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical (n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compared to neurotypical controls, both Sz (d = 1.97) and ASD (d = 1.13) participants had significantly lower FER scores which interrelated with diminished activation of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In Sz, STS deficits were predicted by reduced activation of early visual regions (d = 0.85, p = 0.002) and of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (d = 0.44, p = 0.042), along with impaired cortico-pulvinar interaction. By contrast, ASD participants showed patterns of increased early visual cortical (d = 1.03, p = 0.001) and pulvinar (d = 0.71, p = 0.015) activation. Large effect-size structural and histological abnormalities of pulvinar have previously been documented in Sz. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated impaired pulvinar activation to simple visual stimuli in Sz. Here, we provide the first demonstration of a disease-specific contribution of impaired pulvinar activation to social cognitive impairment in Sz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antígona Martínez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Antígona Martínez,
| | - Russell H. Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Pablo A. Gaspar
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Neurosciences Institute, IMHAY, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Malinsky
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa C. Dias
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav H. Patel
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dalton H. Bermudez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Gail Silipo
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Differential Modulation of Effective Connectivity in the Brain's Extended Face Processing System by Fearful and Sad Facial Expressions. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0380-20.2021. [PMID: 33658311 PMCID: PMC8174049 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0380-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of emotional facial expressions is underpinned by the integration of information from a distributed network of brain regions. Despite investigations into how different emotional expressions alter the functional relationships within this network, there remains limited research examining which regions drive these interactions. This study investigated effective connectivity during the processing of sad and fearful facial expressions to better understand how these stimuli differentially modulate emotional face processing circuitry. Ninety-eight healthy human adolescents and young adults, aged between 15 and 25 years, underwent an implicit emotional face processing fMRI task. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we examined five brain regions implicated in face processing. These were restricted to the right hemisphere and included the occipital and fusiform face areas, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Processing sad and fearful facial expressions were associated with greater positive connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. Only the processing of fearful facial expressions was associated with greater negative connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Compared with processing sad faces, processing fearful faces was associated with significantly greater connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. No difference was found between the processing of these expressions and the connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Overall, our findings indicate that connectivity from the amygdala and dlPFC appears to be responding to dimensional features which differ between these expressions, likely those relating to arousal. Further research is necessary to examine whether this relationship is also observable for positively valenced emotions.
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Ford CG, Haliwa I, Shook NJ. Mind your gaze: Examining the relation between trait mindfulness and visual attention to valenced images. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113063. [PMID: 33316323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Trait mindfulness pertains to one's ability to non-judgmentally attend to experiences. While attention regulation represents a core component of mindfulness, the relation between trait mindfulness and visual attention is unclear. Further, despite established associations between mindfulness and emotion regulation, few studies have examined whether trait mindfulness may be related to attention to emotionally valenced content. Thus, the present study used an eye-tracking paradigm to assess relations between trait mindfulness, emotion regulation and selective visual attention to valenced stimuli. Participants (N = 123; 75.6 % female; 87 % Caucasian; Mage = 19.14 years) completed measures of trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, and engaged in an eye-tracking paradigm in which they viewed sad, threatening, neutral, and happy images simultaneously. Dwell times on images (all categories combined), black space on screen, and each image category were calculated. Bivariate correlations were assessed to determine the relations among mindfulness, emotion regulation, and visual attention, controlling for mood. Trait mindfulness was associated with longer dwell time on images overall, but specifically longer dwell time on threatening and happy images. Although trait mindfulness and emotion regulation were positively associated, emotion regulation was not significantly associated with visual attention. These results suggest that trait mindfulness is associated with visual attention to valenced stimuli, particularly happy and threatening images, and emotion regulation does not account for these relations. These findings add to our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying trait mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Ford
- West Virginia University, United States; Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States.
| | | | - Natalie J Shook
- West Virginia University, United States; University of Connecticut, United States
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8
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Samaey C, Van der Donck S, van Winkel R, Boets B. Facial Expression Processing Across the Autism-Psychosis Spectra: A Review of Neural Findings and Associations With Adverse Childhood Events. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:592937. [PMID: 33281648 PMCID: PMC7691238 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.592937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and primary psychosis are classified as distinct neurodevelopmental disorders, yet they display overlapping epidemiological, environmental, and genetic components as well as endophenotypic similarities. For instance, both disorders are characterized by impairments in facial expression processing, a crucial skill for effective social communication, and both disorders display an increased prevalence of adverse childhood events (ACE). This narrative review provides a brief summary of findings from neuroimaging studies investigating facial expression processing in ASD and primary psychosis with a focus on the commonalities and differences between these disorders. Individuals with ASD and primary psychosis activate the same brain regions as healthy controls during facial expression processing, albeit to a different extent. Overall, both groups display altered activation in the fusiform gyrus and amygdala as well as altered connectivity among the broader face processing network, probably indicating reduced facial expression processing abilities. Furthermore, delayed or reduced N170 responses have been reported in ASD and primary psychosis, but the significance of these findings is questioned, and alternative frequency-tagging electroencephalography (EEG) measures are currently explored to capture facial expression processing impairments more selectively. Face perception is an innate process, but it is also guided by visual learning and social experiences. Extreme environmental factors, such as adverse childhood events, can disrupt normative development and alter facial expression processing. ACE are hypothesized to induce altered neural facial expression processing, in particular a hyperactive amygdala response toward negative expressions. Future studies should account for the comorbidity among ASD, primary psychosis, and ACE when assessing facial expression processing in these clinical groups, as it may explain some of the inconsistencies and confound reported in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Samaey
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Van der Donck
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center (UPC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Vandewouw MM, Choi E, Hammill C, Arnold P, Schachar R, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Emotional face processing across neurodevelopmental disorders: a dynamic faces study in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:375. [PMID: 33139709 PMCID: PMC7608673 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classically associated with poor face processing skills, yet evidence suggests that those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have difficulties understanding emotions. We determined the neural underpinnings of dynamic emotional face processing across these three clinical paediatric groups, including developmental trajectories, compared with typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 279 children, 5-19 years of age but 57 were excluded due to excessive motion in fMRI, leaving 222: 87 ASD, 44 ADHD, 42 OCD and 49 TD. Groups were sex- and age-matched. Dynamic faces (happy, angry) and dynamic flowers were presented in 18 pseudo-randomized blocks while fMRI data were collected with a 3T MRI. Group-by-age interactions and group difference contrasts were analysed for the faces vs. flowers and between happy and angry faces. TD children demonstrated different activity patterns across the four contrasts; these patterns were more limited and distinct for the NDDs. Processing happy and angry faces compared to flowers yielded similar activation in occipital regions in the NDDs compared to TDs. Processing happy compared to angry faces showed an age by group interaction in the superior frontal gyrus, increasing with age for ASD and OCD, decreasing for TDs. Children with ASD, ADHD and OCD differentiated less between dynamic faces and dynamic flowers, with most of the effects seen in the occipital and temporal regions, suggesting that emotional difficulties shared in NDDs may be partly attributed to shared atypical visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee M Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - EunJung Choi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Di Lorenzo R, Blasi A, Junge C, van den Boomen C, van Rooijen R, Kemner C. Brain Responses to Faces and Facial Expressions in 5-Month-Olds: An fNIRS Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1240. [PMID: 31191416 PMCID: PMC6548858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing faces and understanding facial expressions are crucial skills for social communication. In adults, basic face processing and facial emotion processing rely on specific interacting brain networks. In infancy, however, little is known about when and how these networks develop. The current study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure differences in 5-month-olds' brain activity in response to fearful and happy facial expressions. Our results show that the right occipital region responds to faces, indicating that the face processing network is activated at 5 months. Yet sensitivity to facial emotions appears to be still immature at this age: explorative analyses suggest that if the facial emotion processing network was active this would be mainly visible in the temporal cortex. Together these results indicate that at 5 months, occipital areas already show sensitivity to face processing, while the facial emotion processing network seems not fully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Di Lorenzo
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Junge
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn van den Boomen
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Rooijen
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kemner
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Kataja EL, Karlsson L, Leppänen JM, Pelto J, Häikiö T, Nolvi S, Pesonen H, Parsons CE, Hyönä J, Karlsson H. Maternal Depressive Symptoms During the Pre- and Postnatal Periods and Infant Attention to Emotional Faces. Child Dev 2018; 91:e475-e480. [PMID: 30295323 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined how infants' attentional disengagement from happy, fearful, neutral, and phase-scrambled faces at 8 months, as assessed by eye tracking, is associated with trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum (decreasing n = 48, increasing n = 34, and consistently low symptom levels n = 280). The sample (mother-infant dyads belonging to a larger FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study) was collected between 5/2013-6/2016. The overall disengagement probability from faces to distractors was not related to maternal depressive symptoms, but fear bias was heightened in infants whose mothers reported decreasing or increasing depressive symptoms. Exacerbated attention to fearful faces in infants of mothers with depressive symptoms may be independent of the timing of the symptoms in the pre- and postnatal stages.
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12
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Liu P, Bai X, Pérez-Edgar KE. Integrating high-density ERP and fMRI measures of face-elicited brain activity in 9-12-year-old children: An ERP source localization study. Neuroimage 2018; 184:599-608. [PMID: 30268845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social information processing is a critical mechanism underlying children's socio-emotional development. Central to this process are patterns of activation associated with one of our most salient socioemotional cues, the face. In this study, we obtained fMRI activation and high-density ERP source data evoked by parallel face dot-probe tasks from 9-to-12-year-old children. We then integrated the two modalities of data to explore the neural spatial-temporal dynamics of children's face processing. Our results showed that the tomography of the ERP sources broadly corresponded with the fMRI activation evoked by the same facial stimuli. Further, we combined complementary information from fMRI and ERP by defining fMRI activation as functional ROIs and applying them to the ERP source data. Indices of ERP source activity were extracted from these ROIs at three a priori ERP peak latencies critical for face processing. We found distinct temporal patterns among the three time points across ROIs. The observed spatial-temporal profiles converge with a dual-system neural network model for face processing: a core system (including the occipito-temporal and parietal ROIs) supports the early visual analysis of facial features, and an extended system (including the paracentral, limbic, and prefrontal ROIs) processes the socio-emotional meaning gleaned and relayed by the core system. Our results for the first time illustrate the spatial validity of high-density source localization of ERP dot-probe data in children. By directly combining the two modalities of data, our findings provide a novel approach to understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of face processing. This approach can be applied in future research to investigate different research questions in various study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Bai
- Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Koraly E Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Doretto V, Scivoletto S. Effects of Early Neglect Experience on Recognition and Processing of Facial Expressions: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8010010. [PMID: 29316648 PMCID: PMC5789341 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Child neglect is highly prevalent and associated with a series of biological and social consequences. Early neglect may alter the recognition of emotional faces, but its precise impact remains unclear. We aim to review and analyze data from recent literature about recognition and processing of facial expressions in individuals with history of childhood neglect. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, PsycINFO, ScIELO and EMBASE databases in the search of studies for the past 10 years. Results: In total, 14 studies were selected and critically reviewed. A heterogeneity was detected across methods and sample frames. Results were mixed across studies. Different forms of alterations to perception of facial expressions were found across 12 studies. There was alteration to the recognition and processing of both positive and negative emotions, but for emotional face processing there was predominance in alteration toward negative emotions. Conclusions: This is the first review to examine specifically the effects of early neglect experience as a prevalent condition of child maltreatment. The results of this review are inconclusive due to methodological diversity, implement of distinct instruments and differences in the composition of the samples. Despite these limitations, some studies support our hypothesis that individuals with history of early negligence may present alteration to the ability to perceive face expressions of emotions. The article brings relevant information that can help in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the impact of neglect on the cognitive and emotional development of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Doretto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Scivoletto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Toward Robot Self-Consciousness (II): Brain-Inspired Robot Bodily Self Model for Self-Recognition. Cognit Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-017-9505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Short LA, Balas B, Wilson C. The effect of educational environment on identity recognition and perceptions of within-person variability. VISUAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2017.1360974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Short
- Department of Psychology, Redeemer University College, Ancaster, Canada
| | - Benjamin Balas
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Cassandra Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Redeemer University College, Ancaster, Canada
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