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Verma N, Setia A, Mehata AK, Randhave N, Badgujar P, Malik AK, Muthu MS. Recent Advancement of Indocyanine Green Based Nanotheranostics for Imaging and Therapy of Coronary Atherosclerosis. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4804-4826. [PMID: 39225111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a vascular intima condition in which any part of the circulatory system is affected, including the aorta and coronary arteries. Indocyanine green (ICG), a theranostic compound approved by the FDA, has shown promise in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis after incorporation into nanoplatforms. By integration of ICG with targeting agents such as peptides or antibodies, it is feasible to increase its concentration in damaged arteries, hence increasing atherosclerosis detection. Nanotheranostics offers cutting-edge techniques for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic plaques. Combining the optical properties of ICG with those of nanocarriers enables the improved imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and targeted therapeutic interventions. Several ICG-based nanotheranostics platforms have been developed such as polymeric nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, biomimetic systems, liposomes, peptide-based systems, etc. Theranostics for atherosclerosis diagnosis use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. In addition to imaging, there is growing interest in employing ICG to treat atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a conceptual explanation of ICG-based nanotheranostics for the imaging and therapy of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, advancements in imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound/photoacoustic have been discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the applications of ICG for coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aseem Setia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nandini Randhave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Paresh Badgujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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2
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Żmuda A, Kamińska W, Bartel M, Głowacka K, Chotkowski M, Medyńska K, Wiktorska K, Mazur M. Physicochemical characterization and potential cancer therapy applications of hydrogel beads loaded with doxorubicin and GaOOH nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20822. [PMID: 39242631 PMCID: PMC11379898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A new type of hybrid polymer particles capable of carrying the cytostatic drug doxorubicin and labeled with a gallium compound was prepared. These microparticles consist of a core and a hydrogel shell, which serves as the structural matrix. The shell can be employed to immobilize gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) nanoparticles and the drug, resulting in hybrid beads with sizes of approximately 3.81 ± 0.09 μm. The microparticles exhibit the ability to incorporate a remarkably large amount of doxorubicin, approximately 0.96 mg per 1 mg of the polymeric carrier. Additionally, GaOOH nanoparticles can be deposited within the hydrogel layer at an amount of 0.64 mg per 1 mg of the carrier. These nanoparticles, resembling rice grains with an average size of 593 nm by 155 nm, are located on the surface of the polymer carrier. In vitro studies on breast and colon cancer cell lines revealed a pronounced cytotoxic effect of the hybrid polymer particles loaded with doxorubicin, indicating their potential for cancer therapies. Furthermore, investigations on doping the hybrid particles with the Ga-68 radioisotope demonstrated their potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The proposed structures present a promising theranostic platform, where particles could be employed in anticancer therapies while monitoring their accumulation in the body using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żmuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kamińska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Bartel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Głowacka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Chotkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Medyńska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Parekh P, Badachhape AA, Tanifum EA, Annapragada AV, Ghaghada KB. Advances in nanoprobes for molecular MRI of Alzheimer's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1946. [PMID: 38426638 PMCID: PMC10983770 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and a leading cause of mortality in the elderly population. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease has traditionally relied on evaluation of clinical symptoms for cognitive impairment with a definitive diagnosis requiring post-mortem demonstration of neuropathology. However, advances in disease pathogenesis have revealed that patients exhibit Alzheimer's disease pathology several decades before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the management of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The clinical availability of molecular MRI (mMRI) contrast agents can revolutionize the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we review advances in nanoparticle contrast agents, also referred to as nanoprobes, for mMRI of Alzheimer's disease. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Parekh
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Andrew A. Badachhape
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Eric A. Tanifum
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ananth V. Annapragada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
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Balafouti A, Forys A, Trzebicka B, Gerardos AM, Pispas S. Anionic Hyperbranched Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes as Nanocarriers for Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7702. [PMID: 38138846 PMCID: PMC10745097 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the synthesis of hyperbranched amphiphilic poly (lauryl methacrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), H-P(LMA-co-tBMA-co-MAA) copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of tBMA and LMA, and their post-polymerization modification to anionic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. The focus is on investigating whether the combination of the hydrophobic characters of LMA and tBMA segments, as well as the polyelectrolyte and hydrophilic properties of MAA segments, both distributed within a unique hyperbranched polymer chain topology, would result in intriguing, branched copolymers with the potential to be applied in nanomedicine. Therefore, we studied the self-assembly behavior of these copolymers in aqueous media, as well as their ability to form complexes with cationic proteins, namely lysozyme (LYZ) and polymyxin (PMX). Various physicochemical characterization techniques, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), verified the molecular characteristics of these well-defined copolymers, whereas light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques revealed promising nanoparticle (NP) self- and co-assembly properties of the copolymers in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Balafouti
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Angelica Maria Gerardos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
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Hsu JC, Tang Z, Eremina OE, Sofias AM, Lammers T, Lovell JF, Zavaleta C, Cai W, Cormode DP. Nanomaterial-based contrast agents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 38130699 PMCID: PMC10732545 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging, which empowers the detection of physiological and pathological processes within living subjects, has a vital role in both preclinical and clinical diagnostics. Contrast agents are often needed to accompany anatomical data with functional information or to provide phenotyping of the disease in question. Many newly emerging contrast agents are based on nanomaterials as their high payloads, unique physicochemical properties, improved sensitivity and multimodality capacity are highly desired for many advanced forms of bioimaging techniques and applications. Here, we review the developments in the field of nanomaterial-based contrast agents. We outline important nanomaterial design considerations and discuss the effect on their physicochemical attributes, contrast properties and biological behaviour. We also describe commonly used approaches for formulating, functionalizing and characterizing these nanomaterials. Key applications are highlighted by categorizing nanomaterials on the basis of their X-ray, magnetic, nuclear, optical and/or photoacoustic contrast properties. Finally, we offer our perspectives on current challenges and emerging research topics as well as expectations for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Hsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Olga E. Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Perumal S. Polymer Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245449. [PMID: 36559816 PMCID: PMC9781848 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are generally formed by the spontaneous self-assembly of polymers that vary size from 1 to 1000 nm [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Perumal
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, Republic of Korea
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Carofiglio M, Conte M, Racca L, Cauda V. Synergistic Phenomena between Iron-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles and Shock Waves Exploited against Pancreatic Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:17212-17225. [PMID: 36851991 PMCID: PMC9953328 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe:ZnO NPs) showing theranostic capabilities and being synergistically active against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma once combined with mechanical pressure waves, such as shock waves. Fe:ZnO NPs are synthesized by employing oleic acid as a capping agent and are functionalized with amino-propyl groups. We first report their superior characteristics with respect to undoped ZnO NPs in terms of magnetic properties, colloidal stability, cytocompatibility, and internalization into BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. These Fe:ZnO NPs are also cytocompatible toward normal pancreatic cells. We then perform a synergistic cell treatment with both shock waves and Fe:ZnO NPs once internalized into cells. We also evaluate the contribution to the synergistic activity of the NPs located in the extracellular space. Results show that both NPs and shock waves, when administered separately, are safe to cells, while their combination provokes an enhanced cell death after 24 h. Various mechanisms are then considered, such as dissolution of NPs, production of free radicals, and cell membrane disruption or permeation. It is understood so far that iron-doped ZnO NPs can degrade intracellularly into zinc cations, while the use of shock waves produce cell membrane permeabilization and possible rupture. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species is here ruled out. The provoked cell death can be recognized in both apoptotic and necrotic events. The proposed work is thus a first proof-of-concept study enabling promising future applications to deep-seated tumors such as pancreatic cancer, which is still an unmet clinical need with a tremendous death rate.
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Kaku TS, Lim S. Protein nanoparticles in molecular, cellular, and tissue imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1714. [PMID: 33821568 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The quest to develop ideal nanoparticles capable of molecular, cellular, and tissue level imaging is ongoing. Since certain imaging probes and nanoparticles face drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility, increased ROS generation leading to DNA damage, apoptosis, and high cellular/organ toxicities, the development of versatile and biocompatible nanocarriers becomes necessary. Protein nanoparticles (PNPs) are one such promising class of nanocarriers that possess most of the desirable properties of an ideal nanocarrier for bioimaging applications. PNPs demonstrate high aqueous solubility, minimal cytotoxicity, and multi-cargo loading capacity. They are also amenable to surface-functionalization, as well as modulation of their hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. The use of PNPs for bioimaging applications has made rapid advancements in the past two decades. Being comparatively less explored, the field opens up a plethora of opportunities and focus areas to engineer ideal bioimaging protein nanocarriers. The use of PNPs as carriers of their natural ligands as well as other heavy metals and fluorescent probes, along with drug molecules for combined theranostic applications has been reported. In addition, surface functionalization to impart specificity of targeting the PNPs has been shown to reduce nonspecific cellular interactions, thus reducing systemic toxicity. PNPs have been explored for their application in imaging of numerous cancers, cardiovascular diseases as well as imaging of the brain using near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Sushil Kaku
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Li L, He H, Jiang S, Qi J, Lu Y, Ding N, Lin HS, Wu W, Xiang X. Simulation of the In Vivo Fate of Polymeric Nanoparticles Traced by Environment-Responsive Near-Infrared Dye: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051271. [PMID: 33652827 PMCID: PMC7956253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to nanoparticles is still very restricted and challenging, owing to the complicated in vivo transport mechanisms involving nanoparticles, including phagocytosis, enhanced permeability and retention effects, cellular recognition, and internalisation, enzymatic degradation, lymphatic transport, and changes in physical properties. In our study, five nanoparticle formulations were synthesised using polycaprolactone as a framework material and methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) as a long-circulating decorating material, as well as types of environmentally responsive near-infrared aza-boron-dipyrromethene dyes. According to quantification data and direct visualisation involving specific organs, a phagocytosis physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the dynamics of nanoparticles within and between organs in mice, considering cellular mechanisms involving phagocytosis and enhanced permeability and retention effects. Our results offer a better understanding of the in vivo fate of polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sifang Jiang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-021-5198-0084 (W.W.); +86-021-5198-0024 (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-021-5198-0084 (W.W.); +86-021-5198-0024 (X.X.)
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Neumann PR, Erdmann F, Holthof J, Hädrich G, Green M, Rao J, Dailey LA. Different PEG-PLGA Matrices Influence In Vivo Optical/Photoacoustic Imaging Performance and Biodistribution of NIR-Emitting π-Conjugated Polymer Contrast Agents. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001089. [PMID: 32864903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The π-conjugated polymer poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b0]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) with deep-red/near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission has been investigated as a contrast agent for in vivo optical and photoacoustic imaging. PCPDTBT is encapsulated within poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa or PEG5kDa -PLGA55kDa ) micelles or enveloped by the phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG2kDa -DPPE), to investigate the formulation effect on imaging performance, biodistribution, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles that meet the quality requirements for parenteral administration are generated with similar physicochemical properties. Optical phantom imaging reveals that both PEG-PLGA systems exhibit a 30% higher signal-to-background ratio (SBR) than PEG2kDa -DPPE. This trend cannot be observed in a murine HeLa xenograft model following intravenous administration since dramatic differences in biodistribution are observed. PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa systems accumulate more rapidly in the liver compared to other formulations and PEG2kDa -DPPE demonstrates a higher tumor localization. Protein content in the "hard" corona differs between formulations (PEG2kDa -DPPE < PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa < PEG5kDa -PLGA55kDa ), although this observation alone does not explain biodistribution patterns. PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa systems show the highest photoacoustic amplitude in a phantom, but also a lower signal in the tumor due to differences in biodistribution. This study demonstrates that formulations for conjugated polymer contrast agents can have significant impact on both imaging performance and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robert Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Joost Holthof
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics Joop Geesinkweg 140 Amsterdam 1114 AB The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Hädrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics King's College London London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305‐5484 USA
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria
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11
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Main-chain degradable, pH-responsive and covalently cross-linked nanoparticles via a one-step RAFT-based radical ring-opening terpolymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Biegger P, Ladd ME, Komljenovic D. Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:189-226. [PMID: 32594388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is characterized by high spatial resolution and unsurpassed soft tissue discrimination. Development and characterization of both intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging probes in the last decade has further strengthened the pivotal role MR imaging holds in the assessment of cancer in preclinical and translational settings. Sophisticated chemical modifications of a variety of nanoparticulate probes hold the potential to deliver valuable multifunctional tools applicable in diagnostics and/or treatment in human oncology. MR imaging suffers from a lack of sensitivity achievable by, e.g., nuclear medicine imaging methods. Advantages of including additional functionality/functionalities in a probe suitable for MR imaging are thus numerous, comprising the addition of fundamentally different imaging information (diagnostics), drug delivery (therapy), or the combination of both (theranostics). In recent years, we have witnessed a plethora of preclinical multimodal or multifunctional imaging probes being published mainly as proof-of-principle studies, yet only a handful are readily applicable in clinical settings. This chapter summarizes recent innovations in the development of multifunctional MR imaging probes and discusses the suitability of these probes for clinical transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Biegger
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Perumal V, Sivakumar PM, Zarrabi A, Muthupandian S, Vijayaraghavalu S, Sahoo K, Das A, Das S, Payyappilly SS, Das S. Near infra-red polymeric nanoparticle based optical imaging in Cancer diagnosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111630. [PMID: 31610429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer disease is a foremost health concern and top basis of death in comparison with many diseases including cardiovascular disorders. During initial diagnosis (usually late diagnosis), a majority of cancer patients suffer from metastatic and advanced cancer stages which resulted in limited therapeutic modalities based interventions and effectiveness. Though considerable advancement has been made in combating the disease, continuous and intense efforts are ongoing for early diagnosis and development of therapies. Generally applied treatment options for cancer are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are restricted by failure to early diagnose, insufficient on-targeted drug delivery, systemic toxicity, and lack of real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses in cancer. Noninvasive imaging or minimally invasive imaging methodology is valuable in clinical diagnostic settings. Specifically, noninvasive optical imaging integrated with polymeric nanomaterial have been extensively investigated in the field of cancer diagnostics and therapy. Currently, optical imaging methods go together with polymer-based fluorescent nanoparticles in accomplishing the molecular level detection of tumor boundaries. NIR probe tagged polymeric nanoparticles have potential to provide an advantage in the early cancer detection, therapeutic monitoring and image guided surgery procedures. This article review the recent progress in state-of-the-art NIRF polymeric nanoparticles used for optical imaging particularly on cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Perumal
- Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Centre, Texas A&M University, TX, USA; Department of Biotechnology, IIT Kharagpur, west Bengal, India; College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 1871, Ethiopia
| | - Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cancer Nanomedicine Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Amlan Das
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunj Circular Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumen Das
- Aviana Molecular Technologies, LLC, 3251 Progress Drive, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Sanal Sebastian Payyappilly
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Subhasish Das
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Kharagpur, west Bengal, India
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Sharma P, Sen D, Neelakantan V, Shankar V, Jhunjhunwala S. Disparate effects of PEG or albumin based surface modification on the uptake of nano- and micro-particles. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1411-1421. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification with PEG or albumin reduces phagocytic internalization of nano-particles but not micro-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering
- 3rd Floor C Wing Biological Sciences Building
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru-560012
- India
| | - Devashish Sen
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering
- 3rd Floor C Wing Biological Sciences Building
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru-560012
- India
| | - Varsha Neelakantan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering
- 3rd Floor C Wing Biological Sciences Building
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru-560012
- India
| | - Vinidhra Shankar
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering
- 3rd Floor C Wing Biological Sciences Building
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru-560012
- India
| | - Siddharth Jhunjhunwala
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering
- 3rd Floor C Wing Biological Sciences Building
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru-560012
- India
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15
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Jo A, Zhang R, Allen IC, Riffle JS, Davis RM. Design and Fabrication of Streptavidin-Functionalized, Fluorescently Labeled Polymeric Nanocarriers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15783-15794. [PMID: 30392355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery has great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes for many diseases. Polymeric nanocarriers can improve the targeted delivery of insoluble and toxic drugs but, to achieve this, it is important to tailor the particle properties. In this study, nanoparticles comprised of poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PEO- b-PDLLA) were made by flash nanoprecipitation while varying the compositions of the additives poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), a fluorophore 6,13-bis(triisopropylsylylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene, and poly(acrylic acid)- b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PAA- b-PDLLA) to characterize their effects on size, ζ potential, fluorescence, and surface functionalization. The particle size was readily increased by addition of PLLA homopolymer up to ∼40 wt % without significant change to the ζ potential. The maximum nanoparticle fluorescence was at 0.5 wt % TIPS based on the PDLLA core and exhibited quenching that could be described by Förster resonant energy transfer. The cores of the particles were coupled with streptavidin through 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide coupling chemistry. Even without the added carboxylate groups from the PAA, the base PEO- b-PDLLA nanoparticles were conjugated with streptavidin at comparable levels while retaining the functionality of streptavidin for further biotinylated ligand binding.
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Chen L, Simpson JD, Fuchs AV, Rolfe BE, Thurecht KJ. Effects of Surface Charge of Hyperbranched Polymers on Cytotoxicity, Dynamic Cellular Uptake and Localization, Hemotoxicity, and Pharmacokinetics in Mice. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4485-4497. [PMID: 29116801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscaled polymeric materials are increasingly being investigated as pharmaceutical products, drug/gene delivery vectors, or health-monitoring devices. Surface charge is one of the dominant parameters that regulates nanomaterial behavior in vivo. In this paper, we demonstrated how control over chemical synthesis allowed manipulation of nanoparticle surface charge, which in turn greatly influenced the in vivo behavior. Three methacrylate/methacrylamide-based monomers were used to synthesize well-defined hyperbranched polymers (HBP) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Each HBP had a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 5 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Incorporation of a fluorescent moiety within the polymeric nanoparticles allowed determination of how charge affected the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of the nanomaterials and the biological response to them. A direct correlation between surface charge, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity was observed, with cationic HBPs exhibiting higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity than their neutral and anionic counterparts. Evaluation of the distribution of the differently charged HBPs within macrophages showed that all HBPs accumulated in the cytoplasm, but cationic HBPs also trafficked to, and accumulated within, the nucleus. Although cationic HBPs caused slight hemolysis, this was generally below accepted levels for in vivo safety. Analysis of pharmacokinetic behavior showed that cationic and anionic HBPs had short blood half-lives of 1.82 ± 0.51 and 2.34 ± 0.93 h respectively, compared with 5.99 ± 2.30 h for neutral HBPs. This was attributed to the fact that positively charged surfaces are more readily covered with opsonin proteins and thus more visible to phagocytic cells. This was supported by in vitro flow cytometric and qualitative live cell imaging studies, which showed that cationic HBPs tended to be taken up by macrophages more effectively and rapidly than neutral and anionic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Joshua D Simpson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Adrian V Fuchs
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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17
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Kröger APP, Boonen RJ, Paulusse JM. Well-defined single-chain polymer nanoparticles via thiol-Michael addition. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Luby BM, Charron DM, MacLaughlin CM, Zheng G. Activatable fluorescence: From small molecule to nanoparticle. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:97-121. [PMID: 27593264 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged as an indispensable technology in the development and application of drug delivery systems. Targeted imaging agents report the presence of biomolecules, including therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers, while the biological behaviour of labelled delivery systems can be non-invasively assessed in real time. As an imaging modality, fluorescence offers additional signal specificity and dynamic information due to the inherent responsivity of fluorescence agents to interactions with other optical species and with their environment. Harnessing this responsivity is the basis of activatable fluorescence imaging, where interactions between an engineered fluorescence agent and its biological target induce a fluorogenic response. Small molecule activatable agents are frequently derivatives of common fluorophores designed to chemically react with their target. Macromolecular scale agents are useful for imaging proteins and nucleic acids, although their biological delivery can be difficult. Nanoscale activatable agents combine the responsivity of fluorophores with the unique optical and physical properties of nanomaterials. The molecular imaging application and overall complexity of biological target dictate the most advantageous fluorescence agent size scale and activation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Luby
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle M Charron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina M MacLaughlin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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20
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Jackson AW, Chandrasekharan P, Ramasamy B, Goggi J, Chuang KH, He T, Robins EG. Octreotide Functionalized Nano-Contrast Agent for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3902-3910. [PMID: 27936729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has been employed to synthesize branched block copolymer nanoparticles possessing 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N,'N,″N,‴-tetraacetic acid (DO3A) macrocycles within their cores and octreotide (somatostatin mimic) cyclic peptides at their periphery. These polymeric nanoparticles have been chelated with Gd3+ and applied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanocontrast agents. This nanoparticle system has an r1 relaxivity of 8.3 mM-1 s-1, which is 3 times the r1 of commercial gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The in vitro targeted binding efficiency of these nanoparticles shows 5 times greater affinity to somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) with Ki = 77 pM (compared to somatostatin with Ki = 0.385 nM). We have also evaluated the tumor targeting molecular imaging ability of these branched copolymer nanoparticle in vivo using nude/NCr mice bearing AR42J rat pancreatic tumor (SSTR2 positive) and A549 human lung carcinoma tumor (SSTR2 negative) xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore , 627833
| | - Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667
| | - Boominathan Ramasamy
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667
| | - Julian Goggi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117456
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117456.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117599
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore , 627833
| | - Edward G Robins
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117599
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21
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Iqbal M, Robin S, Humbert P, Viennet C, Agusti G, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Submicron polycaprolactone particles as a carrier for imaging contrast agent for in vitro applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:488-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Nottelet B, Darcos V, Coudane J. Aliphatic polyesters for medical imaging and theranostic applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:350-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, Egypt, and Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 of October City, Egypt
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Soon-Mi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Banik BL, Fattahi P, Brown JL. Polymeric nanoparticles: the future of nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:271-99. [PMID: 26314803 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most studied organic strategies for nanomedicine. Intense interest lies in the potential of polymeric NPs to revolutionize modern medicine. To determine the ideal nanosystem for more effective and distinctly targeted delivery of therapeutic applications, particle size, morphology, material choice, and processing techniques are all research areas of interest. Utilizations of polymeric NPs include drug delivery techniques such as conjugation and entrapment of drugs, prodrugs, stimuli-responsive systems, imaging modalities, and theranostics. Cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are fields impacted by NP technologies that push scientific boundaries to the leading edge of transformative advances for nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Banik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pouria Fattahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Justin L Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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25
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Kuda-Wedagedara ANW, Allen MJ. Enhancing magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agents for ultra-high field strengths. Analyst 2015; 139:4401-10. [PMID: 25054827 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00990h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrast agents are diagnostic tools that often complement magnetic resonance imaging. At ultra-high field strengths (≥7 T), magnetic resonance imaging is capable of generating desirable high signal-to-noise ratios, but clinically available contrast agents are less effective at ultra-high field strengths relative to lower fields. This gap in effectiveness demands the development of contrast agents for ultra-high field strengths. In this minireview, we summarize contrast agents reported during the last three years that focused on ultra-high field strengths.
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Ye Z, Zhou Z, Ayat N, Wu X, Jin E, Shi X, Lu ZR. A neutral polydisulfide containing Gd(III) DOTA monoamide as a redox-sensitive biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015. [PMID: 26218648 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to develop safe and effective gadolinium (III)-based biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for blood pool and cancer imaging. A neutral polydisulfide containing macrocyclic Gd-DOTA monoamide (GOLS) was synthesized and characterized. In addition to studying the in vitro degradation of GOLS, its kinetic stability was also investigated in an in vivo model. The efficacy of GOLS for contrast-enhanced MRI was examined with female BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer xenografts. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and metabolism of GOLS were also determined in mice. GOLS has an apparent molecular weight of 23.0 kDa with T1 relaxivities of 7.20 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd at 1.5 T, and 6.62 mM(-1) s(-1) at 7.0 T. GOLS had high kinetic inertness against transmetallation with Zn(2+) ions, and its polymer backbone was readily cleaved by L-cysteine. The agent showed improved efficacy for blood pool and tumor MR imaging. The structural effect on biodistribution and in vivo chelation stability was assessed by comparing GOLS with Gd(HP-DO3A), a negatively charged polydisulfide containing Gd-DOTA monoamide GODC, and a polydisulfide containing Gd-DTPA-bisamide (GDCC). GOLS showed high in vivo chelation stability and minimal tissue deposition of gadolinium. The biodegradable macromolecular contrast agent GOLS is a promising polymeric contrast agent for clinical MR cardiovascular imaging and cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nadia Ayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erlei Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Garg B, Sung CH, Ling YC. Graphene-based nanomaterials as molecular imaging agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:737-58. [PMID: 25857851 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging (MI) is a noninvasive, real-time visualization of biochemical events at the cellular and molecular level within tissues, living cells, and/or intact objects that can be advantageously applied in the areas of diagnostics, therapeutics, drug discovery, and development in understanding the nanoscale reactions including enzymatic conversions and protein-protein interactions. Consequently, over the years, great advancement has been made in the development of a variety of MI agents such as peptides, aptamers, antibodies, and various nanomaterials (NMs) including single-walled carbon nanotubes. Recently, graphene, a material popularized by Geim & Novoselov, has ignited considerable research efforts to rationally design and execute a wide range of graphene-based NMs making them an attractive platform for developing highly sensitive MI agents. Owing to their exceptional physicochemical and biological properties combined with desirable surface engineering, graphene-based NMs offer stable and tunable visible emission, small hydrodynamic size, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility and thus have been explored for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications as a promising alternative of traditional imaging agents. This review begins by describing the intrinsic properties of graphene and the key MI modalities. After which, we provide an overview on the recent advances in the design and development as well as physicochemical properties of the different classes of graphene-based NMs (graphene-dye conjugates, graphene-antibody conjugates, graphene-nanoparticle composites, and graphene quantum dots) being used as MI agents for potential applications including theranostics. Finally, the major challenges and future directions in the field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsun Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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