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Elekes G, Csapó V, Szarka D, Szalay L, Korsós MM, Tálosi D, Török D, Tóth-Molnár E. The Role of Aquaporin 4 in Lacrimal Gland Ductal Fluid Secretion in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:30. [PMID: 38771571 PMCID: PMC11114615 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Earlier reports highlighted the predominant presence of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the duct cells of rabbit lacrimal glands (LGs). Whereas significant alterations in AQP4 mRNA levels have been observed in experimental dry eye and during pregnancy, the impact of AQP4 in LG ductal fluid production remains unclear. In our recent work, the role of AQP4 in LG ductal fluid secretion was investigated utilizing wild type (WT) and AQP4 knock out (KO) mice. Methods Tear production was assessed in both WT and KO animals. Immunostaining was used to identify AQP4 protein. Duct segments were harvested from LGs of WT and KO mice. Fluid secretion and filtration permeability (Pf) were quantified using video-microscopy. Ductal tear production, elicited by a cell-permeable cAMP analogue (8-bromo cAMP), carbachol, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and phenylephrine (PHE), were assessed in both WT and KO ducts. Results A higher expression of AQP4 protein was noted in the duct cells from WT mice when compared to acinar cells. Pf did not show notable alterations between WT and AQP4 KO ducts. Carbachol elicited comparable secretory responses in ducts from both WT and KO animals. However, 8-bromo cAMP, VIP, and PHE stimulation resulted in decreased secretion in ducts from AQP4 KO LGs. Conclusions Our findings underscore the functional relevance of AQP4 in the fluid production of mouse LG ducts. AQP4 seems to play different roles in fluid secretions elicited by different secretagogues. Specifically, cAMP-mediated, and adrenergic agonist-related secretions were reduced in AQP4 KO ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Elekes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Virág Csapó
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szarka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szalay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Dorottya Tálosi
- Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Török
- Department of Anatomy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Tóth-Molnár
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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2
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Bai Y, Zhang K, Cao X, Chen P. Aquaporins in lacrimal glands and their role in dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109676. [PMID: 37827442 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the most important known risk factor for dry eye is aging, which is associated with changes in the structure and function of the lacrimal gland (LG) and characterized by atrophy, duct blocking lymphocyte infiltration, and reduced protein secretion. Aquaporins (AQP) have been proposed as a potential producer of exocrine gland fluids since exocrine secretion depends on the mobility of water. Therefore, the main topics of this review will be the expression, localization, and function of AQPs in LG. In addition, we review the mechanisms of fluid transport in exocrine gland fluid secretion and discuss the potential role of AQPs in dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China; Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong Province, China.
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3
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Bai Y, Di G, Ge H, Li B, Zhang K, Zhang D, Wang D, Chen P. Regulation of Axon Guidance by Slit2 and Netrin-1 Signaling in the Lacrimal Gland of Aqp5 Knockout Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37707834 PMCID: PMC10506685 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) is multifactorial and associated with nerve abnormalities. We explored an Aquaporin 5 (AQP5)-deficiency-induced JunB activation mechanism, which causes abnormal lacrimal gland (LG) nerve distribution through Slit2 upregulation and Netrin-1 repression. Methods Aqp5 knockout (Aqp5-/-) and wild-type (Aqp5+/+) mice were studied. LGs were permeabilized and stained with neuronal class III β-tubulin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Whole-mount images were acquired through tissue clearing and 3D fluorescence imaging. Mouse primary trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons were treated with LG extracts and Netrin-1/Slit2 neutralizing antibody. Transcription factor (TF) prediction and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) experiments verified the JunB binding and regulatory effect on Netrin-1 and Slit2. Results Three-dimensional tissue and section immunofluorescence showed reduced LG nerves in Aqp5-/- mice, with sympathetic and sensory nerves significantly decreased. Netrin-1 was reduced and Slit2 increased in Aqp5-/- mice LGs. Aqp5+/+ mice LG tissue extracts (TEs) promoted Aqp5-/- TG neurons axon growth, but Netrin-1 neutralizing antibody (NAb) could inhibit that promotion. Aqp5-/- mice LG TEs inhibited Aqp5+/+ TG axon growth, but Slit2 NAb alleviated that inhibition. Furthermore, JunB, a Netrin-1 and Slit2 TF, could bind them and regulate their expression. SR11302, meanwhile, reversed the Netrin-1 and Slit2 shifts caused by AQP5 deficiency. Conclusions AQP5 deficiency causes LG nerve abnormalities. Persistent JunB activation, the common denominator for Netrin-1 suppression and Slit2 induction, was found in Aqp5-/- mice LG epithelial cells. This affected sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers' distribution in LGs. Our findings provide insights into preventing, reversing, and treating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanhuan Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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4
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Zhang K, Di G, Bai Y, Liu A, Bian W, Chen P. Aquaporin 5 in the eye: Expression, function, and roles in ocular diseases. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109557. [PMID: 37380095 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
As a water channel protein, aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is essential for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of ocular tissues. This review provides an overview of the expression and function of AQP5 in the eye and discusses their role in related eye diseases. Although AQP5 plays a vital role in ocular functions, such as maintaining corneal and lens transparency, regulating water movement, and maintaining homeostasis, some of its functions in ocular tissues are still unclear. Based on the key role of AQP5 in eye function, this review suggests that in the future, eye diseases may be treated by regulating the expression of aquaporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Anxu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenhan Bian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China; Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong Province, China.
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5
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Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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6
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Halliday LA, Casson RJ, Selva D, Sun M. Histochemical Comparison of Human and Rat Lacrimal Glands: Implications for Bio-Engineering Studies. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36374486 PMCID: PMC9669807 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook a meticulous histological and histochemical comparison of these two tissues. Methods Histological techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the structure of adult human and rat LG tissues and the expression of key functional tissue elements. Results Compared with humans, the rat LG is comprised of much more densely packed acini which are devoid of an obvious central lumen. Myoepithelial, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and putative progenitor cells are present in both tissues. However, human LG is replete with epithelium expressing cytokeratins 8 and 18, whereas rat LG epithelium does not express cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, human LG expresses aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 3, and 5, whereas rat LG expresses AQPs 1, 4, and 5. Additionally, mast cells were identified in the rat but not the human LGs and large numbers of plasma cells were detected in the human LGs but only limited numbers were present in the rat LGs. Conclusions The cellular composition of the human and rat LGs is similar, although there is a marked difference in the actual histo-architectural arrangement of the tissue. Further variances in the epithelial cytokeratin profile, in tissue expression of AQPs and in mast cell and plasma cell infiltration, may prove significant. Translational Relevance The rat LG can serve as a useful surrogate for the human equivalent, but there exist specific tissue differences meaning that caution must be observed when translating results to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. M. Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A. Halliday
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Jeon HS, Kang B, Li X, Song JS. Differences in vulnerability to desiccating stress between corneal and conjunctival epithelium in rabbit models of short-term ocular surface exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16941. [PMID: 36209216 PMCID: PMC9547869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the difference in vulnerability to desiccating stress (DS) between the corneal and conjunctival epithelia to understand different ocular surface staining patterns in dry eye patients. We generated a rabbit model of short-term exposure keratopathy. To induce DS in the ocular surface, rabbit right eyelids were opened for 30 min, with blinking once/minute. Corneal staining scores increased from 3-min post-DS exposure, while conjunctival staining increased from 20-min post-DS. At 20 min, the tear MUC5AC level doubled as compared to pre-DS (p = 0.007). In Western blot analysis, conjunctival AQP5, MUC5AC, and CFTR expression increased significantly in response to DS, compared to control (p = 0.039, 0.002, 0.039, respectively). Immunohistochemistry for CD31 and LYVE-1 were performed. CD31-positive cells and lymphatic space surrounded by LYVE-1-positive cells increased significantly in conjunctival tissue post-DS, compared to control (p = 0.0006, p < 0.0001, respectively). Surface damage was worse in the corneal than in the conjunctival epithelium after DS, by scanning electron microscopy. This study showed that the cornea and conjunctival epithelium show differences in vulnerability to DS. Increased blood vessels and dilated lymphatics, accompanied by increased conjunctival epithelial AQP5, MUC5AC, and CFTR expression, underlie the protective mechanism of the conjunctiva to desiccating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Jeon
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Kang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xuemin Li
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hayashi R, Okubo T, Kudo Y, Ishikawa Y, Imaizumi T, Suzuki K, Shibata S, Katayama T, Park SJ, Young RD, Quantock AJ, Nishida K. Generation of 3D lacrimal gland organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2022; 605:126-131. [PMID: 35444274 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal glands are the main exocrine glands of the eyes. Situated within the orbit, behind the upper eyelid and towards the temporal side of each eye, they secrete lacrimal fluid as a major component of the tear film. Here we identify cells with characteristics of lacrimal gland primordia that emerge in two-dimensional eye-like organoids cultured from human pluripotent stem cells1. When isolated by cell sorting and grown under defined conditions, the cells form a three-dimensional lacrimal-gland-like tissue organoid with ducts and acini, enabled by budding and branching. Clonal colony analyses indicate that the organoids originate from multipotent ocular surface epithelial stem cells. The organoids exhibit notable similarities to native lacrimal glands on the basis of their morphology, immunolabelling characteristics and gene expression patterns, and undergo functional maturation when transplanted adjacent to the eyes of recipient rats, developing lumina and producing tear-film proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Okubo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Kudo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Katayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sung-Joon Park
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis In Silico, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert D Young
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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He X, Wang S, Sun H, He H, Shi Y, Wu Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhuang J, Li W. Lacrimal Gland Microenvironment Changes After Obstruction of Lacrimal Gland Ducts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35289845 PMCID: PMC8934564 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate microenvironment changes of the lacrimal gland after obstruction of lacrimal gland ducts. Methods The ducts of rat exorbital lacrimal gland were ligated by sutures for different durations. After that, the sutures in some animals were released, and they were observed for 21 days to evaluate the recovery of the lacrimal gland. Slit lamp and tear secretion test was performed to evaluate ocular surface and lacrimal gland function. The lacrimal gland and cornea were harvested and processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, oil red O staining, LipidTOX staining, Masson staining, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. Results After the lacrimal gland ducts were blocked, tear secretion and the weight of the lacrimal gland were reduced. Incidence of corneal neovascularization increased after seven days. Intraglandular ducts dilated and acini destroyed. Long-term ligation induced fibrosis and lipid accumulation of the lacrimal glands. Inflammatory cell infiltrated and inflammatory factors upregulated. Proliferative and apoptotic cells increased. Structure of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane was destroyed. The p63 expression increased whereas Pax6 expression decreased. After suture release, tear secretion and structure of acini could recover in less than seven days after ligation, with a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis relief. Apoptotic cells and proliferative cells increased at five days thereafter. The structure of the myoepithelial cells and basement membrane could not recover three days after ligation, and the number of mesenchymal cells increased in ligation after five to 14 days. Conclusions Blockage of the lacrimal gland ducts results in dystrophy of lacrimal gland acini cells, inflammation, and lipid accumulation of the lacrimal gland microenvironment. Long-term duct blockage will cause irreversible lacrimal gland failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaopan Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yalin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Han Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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11
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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12
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Hirabayashi T, Shibato J, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Takenoya F, Shioda S. Potential Therapeutic Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide for Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:664. [PMID: 35054857 PMCID: PMC8775530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a reduction in the volume or quality of tears. The prevalence of DED is estimated to be 100 million in the developed world. As aging is a risk factor for DED, the prevalence of DED is expected to grow at a rapid pace in aging populations, thus creating an increased need for new therapies. This review summarizes DED medications currently in clinical use. Most current medications for DED focus on stimulating tear secretion, mucin secretion, or suppressing inflammation, rather than simply replenishing the ocular surface with moisture to improve symptoms. We recently reported that the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) induces tear secretion and suppresses corneal injury caused by a reduction in tears. Moreover, it has been reported that a PACAP in water and a 0.9% saline solution at +4 °C showed high stability and achieved 80-90% effectiveness after 2 weeks of treatment. These results reveal PACAP as a candidate DED medication. Further research on the clinical applications of PACAP in DED is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirabayashi
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Ai Kimura
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
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13
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Aquaporins 8 and 9 as Possible Markers for Adult Murine Lacrimal Gland Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6888494. [PMID: 34540996 PMCID: PMC8445729 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6888494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins that selectively transport water across the cell membrane. Although AQPs play important roles in secretion in the lacrimal gland, the expression and localization of AQPs have not been clarified yet. In the current study, we investigated the expression pattern of AQP family members in the murine lacrimal gland during development. Lacrimal gland tissues were harvested from E13.5 and E17.5 murine embryos and from mice 8 weeks of age (adults). Corneal and conjunctival tissues from the latter served as controls. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of AQP family members using qPCR. The localization of AQPs in the adult lacrimal gland in adult murine lacrimal glands was also analyzed. Expression of Aqp8 and Aqp9 mRNAs was detected in the adult lacrimal gland but not in the cornea, conjunctiva, or fetal lacrimal gland. AQP8 and AQP9 and α-SMA partially colocalized around the basal regions of the acinar unit. The levels of Aqp3 mRNAs and protein were much lower in the adult lacrimal gland but were readily detected in the adult cornea and conjunctiva. Our study suggests that AQP8 and AQP9 may serve as markers for adult murine lacrimal gland, ductal, and myoepithelial cells.
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14
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Mariajoseph-Antony LF, Kannan A, Panneerselvam A, Loganathan C, Shankar EM, Anbarasu K, Prahalathan C. Role of Aquaporins in Inflammation-a Scientific Curation. Inflammation 2021; 43:1599-1610. [PMID: 32435911 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a universal response mechanism existing as inter-communicator of biological systems. Uncontrolled or dysregulated inflammation addresses chronic low-grade effects eventually resulting in multimorbidity. Active solute transport across the membrane establishes varying osmotic gradients. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of critical ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins that aid in fluid and small solute transport via facilitated diffusion over established osmotic gradients. Numerous significant data features the biological functions of AQPs rendering them as an appropriate biomarker of health and diseases. Besides their physiological role in well-balanced inflammatory responses, it is worth noting the dysregulation of AQPs during any undesirable inflammatory event. Most literature to date clearly sets out AQPs as potential drug targets instigating AQP-based therapies. In light of this conception, the current review provides a compendious overview on the propitious and portentous out-turns of AQPs under inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezy Flora Mariajoseph-Antony
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Arun Kannan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Antojenifer Panneerselvam
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Chithra Loganathan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Kumarasamy Anbarasu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Chidambaram Prahalathan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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15
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Cammalleri M, Amato R, Olivieri M, Pezzino S, Bagnoli P, Dal Monte M, Rusciano D. Effects of Topical Gabapentin on Ocular Pain and Tear Secretion. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671238. [PMID: 34163358 PMCID: PMC8216672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic ocular pain is a frequent occurrence in medium to severe dry eye disease (DED). Only palliative treatments, such as lubricants and anti-inflammatory drugs, are available to alleviate patients’ discomfort. Anesthetic drugs are not indicated, because they may interfere with the neural feedback between the cornea and the lacrimal gland, impairing tear production and lacrimation. Gabapentin (GBT) is a structural analog of gamma-amino butyric acid that has been used by systemic administration to provide pain relief in glaucomatous patients. We have already shown in a rabbit model system that its topic administration as eye drops has anti-inflammatory properties. We now present data on rabbits’ eyes showing that indeed GBT given topically as eye drops has analgesic but not anesthetic effects. Therefore, opposite to an anesthetic drug such as oxybuprocaine, GBT does not decrease lacrimation, but–unexpectedly–even stimulates it, apparently through the upregulation of acetylcholine and norepinephrine, and by induction of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the lacrimal gland. Moreover, data obtained in vitro on a primary human corneal epithelial cell line also show direct induction of AQP5 by GBT. This suggests that corneal cells might also contribute to the lacrimal stimulation promoted by GBT and participate with lacrimal glands in the restoration of the tear film, thus reducing friction on the ocular surface, which is a known trigger of ocular pain. In conclusion, GBT is endowed with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and secretagogue properties, all useful to treat neuropathic pain of the ocular surface, especially in case of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Singh S, Ali MJ, Mittal V, Brabletz S, Paulsen F. Immunohistological Study of Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland in Severe Dry Eyes Secondary to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:789-795. [PMID: 33045170 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1836227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect the immunohistochemical changes in the main lacrimal glands of patients suffering from chronic ocular sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). METHODS Histological sections of biopsies from the lacrimal gland of three chronic SJS patients (mean age, 33 years; 2 males) with severe dry eye disease (Schirmer = 0 mm) were assessed using double immunofluorescence techniques. Changes in the expression of secretory proteins lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme (Ly), aquaporin 5 (AQP5), S-100, and early apoptosis marker (Annexin V) were studied. RESULTS Different morphological expressions of secretory proteins were present in the three samples. One sample had maintained the immunoreactivity for Lf, Ly, S-100, similar to healthy controls. Two samples had significantly reduced immunoreactivity for anti-Lf, anti-Ly, and S-100, the weakest being in the sample with distorted lobular architecture and mild interlobular fibrosis. AQP5 had a distinct vesicular intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity suggesting defective trafficking and integration of the protein to the apical membrane. There was no S-100 immunostaining in the acinar or ductal epithelium, whereas interstitial nerve fibers scattered in the periacinar region showed reduced immunoreactivity for S-100. There was strong Annexin V immunoreactivity in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the majority of acinar and ductal epithelia of all the samples, with distorted nuclear morphology in one sample. CONCLUSION Defective trafficking of AQP5 and variable expression of Ly, Lf, S-100 are the notable findings in the lacrimal glands of chronic SJS patients along with signs of early apoptosis. It suggests that the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland is involved in the pathological processes occurring in the conjunctiva of SJS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Cornea and Anterior segment services, Lala Jagannath Eye Institute, Ambala, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Cornea and Anterior segment services, Lala Jagannath Eye Institute, Ambala, India
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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17
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Lamagna B, Ciaramella P, Lamagna F, Di Loria A, Brunetti A, Pelagalli A. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) Expression in Healthy Dog Tears. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050820. [PMID: 32397372 PMCID: PMC7278581 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The characterisation of tear proteins is very important for scientists and clinicians, as it enhances their understanding of ocular physiological phenomena that sometimes evolve into diseases. Recently, ophthalmic research has been focused on aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channel proteins that are largely ubiquitous in body tissues and are known for their role in water and small solute transport across cell membranes. Based on AQPs’ presumable role in the eye, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) by Western blot analysis in canine eye tears. To this end, we collected tears from both eyes of 15 healthy dogs by employing two tear collection methods: Schirmer tear strips (STS) and ophthalmic sponges (OS). Moreover, ocular parameters such as Schirmer tear test 1 (STT 1), intraocular pressure (IOP), and tear film break up time (BUT) were measured, and fluorescein and lissamine green staining were performed to uncover possible correlations among the aforementioned parameters. Our results showed that the expression of AQP1 in tears collected by both methods and expressed as multiple bands (measured by densitometry) was higher for the tears collected by OS than for those collected by STS. This work forms the basis of future studies aiming to understand and establish the involvement of AQPs in the production and secretion of tears. Abstract Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of thirteen membrane proteins that play an essential role in the transport of fluids across the cell plasma membrane. Recently, the expression of AQPs in different ocular tissues and their involvement in the pathophysiology of eye diseases, have garnered attention. Considering that literature on AQP expression in the lacrimal glands and their secretion is scarce, we aimed to characterise AQP1 expression in the tears of healthy dogs using two tear collection methods (Schirmer tear strips (STS) and ophthalmic sponges (OS)). Fifteen healthy dogs, free of ophthalmic diseases, were included in the study. Tear collection was performed by using STS in one eye and OS in the other. After the extraction of proteins from the tears, the expression of AQP1 was analysed by Western blotting. AQP1 was expressed as a band of 28 kDa. In addition, differences were observed in the expression of AQP1 and in the correlation between tear volume and protein concentration, in tears collected by the two different methods. Our results suggest that AQP1 has a specific role in tear secretion; further research is required to assess its particular role in the function of the ocular surface in eye physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (B.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (B.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (B.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (B.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Kuony A, Ikkala K, Kalha S, Magalhães AC, Pirttiniemi A, Michon F. Ectodysplasin-A signaling is a key integrator in the lacrimal gland-cornea feedback loop. Development 2019; 146:dev.176693. [PMID: 31221639 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A lack of ectodysplasin-A (Eda) signaling leads to dry eye symptoms, which have so far only been associated with altered Meibomian glands. Here, we used loss-of-function (Eda -/-) mutant mice to unravel the impact of Eda signaling on lacrimal gland formation, maturation and subsequent physiological function. Our study demonstrates that Eda activity is dispensable during lacrimal gland embryonic development. However, using a transcriptomic approach, we show that the Eda pathway is necessary for proper cell terminal differentiation in lacrimal gland epithelium and correlated with modified expression of secreted factors commonly found in the tear film. Finally, we discovered that lacrimal glands present a bilateral reduction of Eda signaling activity in response to unilateral corneal injury. This observation hints towards a role for the Eda pathway in controlling the switch from basal to reflex tears, to support corneal wound healing. Collectively, our data suggest a crucial implication of Eda signaling in the cornea-lacrimal gland feedback loop, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our findings demonstrate that Eda downstream targets could help alleviate dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institut Jacques Monod, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, Buffon building, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Kaisa Ikkala
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Kalha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Cathia Magalhães
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anniina Pirttiniemi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland .,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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19
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Ahsan F, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Mobashar A, Sharif M, Basheer MI, Tareen RB, Syed NIH. Amelioration of allergic asthma by Ziziphora clinopodioides via upregulation of aquaporins and downregulation of IL4 and IL5. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266:39-46. [PMID: 31015030 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphora clinopodioides has been frequently used as an anti asthmatic plant in traditional medication. Recent work explores the anti-asthmatic activity of Z. clinopodioides in allergen-induced asthmatic mice. Intraperitoneal sensitization followed by intranasal challenge were given with ovalbumin (allergen) to develop allergic asthma. Investigational groups of animals were administered with drug methylprednisolone (MP) (15 mg/kg body weight), n-hexane fraction, ethylacetate fraction, and methanolic extract of Z. clinopodioides extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) for successive 07 days. Hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were used to evaluate histopathological parameters on lung tissues. As an index of lungs tissues edema, wet/dry weight ratio of lungs was determined. Evaluation of expression levels of AQP1, AQP5, IL4, and IL5 was conducted by using RT-PCR. The data exhibited that both Z. clinopodioides and MP attenuated differential and total leukocyte counts in hematological examination i.e. in BALF and blood. Treatment with Z. clinopodioides also caused suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration and expression levels of IL4 and IL5, the later could have caused attenuation of pulmonary inflammation. The study also found decline in lung wet/dry ratio and goblet cellh hyperplasia in treated groups which indicates amelioration of lung edema. Treatment with Z. clinopodioides significantly increased the expression levels of aquaporin-1 and -5, which could have led to reduction in lung edema. The treatment with MP showed comparable results to Z. clinopodioides. Current investigation revealed that Z. clinopodioides possessed anti-asthmatic property which might be accredited to upregulagted AQP1 and AQP5 levels and downregulated IL4 and IL5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahsan
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Marriam Sharif
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are expressed in most exocrine and endocrine secretory glands. Consequently, summarizing the expression and functions of AQPs in secretory glands represents a daunting task considering the important number of glands present in the body, as well as the number of mammalian AQPs - thirteen. The roles played by AQPs in secretory processes have been investigated in many secretory glands. However, despite considerable research, additional studies are clearly needed to pursue our understanding of the role played by AQPs in secretory processes. This book chapter will focus on summarizing the current knowledge on AQPs expression and function in the gastrointestinal tract , including salivary glands, gastric glands, Duodenal Brunner's gland, liver and gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, as well as few other secretory glands including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands and eccrine sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Farmer DT, Nathan S, Finley JK, Shengyang Yu K, Emmerson E, Byrnes LE, Sneddon JB, McManus MT, Tward AD, Knox SM. Defining epithelial cell dynamics and lineage relationships in the developing lacrimal gland. Development 2017; 144:2517-2528. [PMID: 28576768 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tear-producing lacrimal gland is a tubular organ that protects and lubricates the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland possesses many features that make it an excellent model in which to investigate tubulogenesis, but the cell types and lineage relationships that drive lacrimal gland formation are unclear. Using single-cell sequencing and other molecular tools, we reveal novel cell identities and epithelial lineage dynamics that underlie lacrimal gland development. We show that the lacrimal gland from its earliest developmental stages is composed of multiple subpopulations of immune, epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages. The epithelial lineage exhibits the most substantial cellular changes, transitioning through a series of unique transcriptional states to become terminally differentiated acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, lineage tracing in postnatal and adult glands provides the first direct evidence of unipotent KRT5+ epithelial cells in the lacrimal gland. Finally, we show conservation of developmental markers between the developing mouse and human lacrimal gland, supporting the use of mice to understand human development. Together, our data reveal crucial features of lacrimal gland development that have broad implications for understanding epithelial organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sara Nathan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer K Finley
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Shengyang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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22
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Vieira AR, Bayram M, Seymen F, Sencak RC, Lippert F, Modesto A. In Vitro Acid-Mediated Initial Dental Enamel Loss Is Associated with Genetic Variants Previously Linked to Caries Experience. Front Physiol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28275354 PMCID: PMC5319969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that AQP5 and BTF3 genetic variation and expression in whole saliva are associated with caries experience suggesting that these genes may have a functional role in protecting against caries. To further explore these results, we tested ex vivo if variants in these genes are associated with subclinical dental enamel mineral loss. DNA and enamel samples were obtained from 53 individuals. Enamel samples were analyzed for Knoop hardness of sound enamel, integrated mineral loss after subclinical carious lesion creation, and change in integrated mineral loss after remineralization. DNA samples were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms using TaqMan chemistry. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare individuals above and below the mean sound enamel microhardness of the cohort with alpha of 0.05. The A allele of BTF3 rs6862039 appears to be associated with harder enamel at baseline (p = 0.09), enamel more resistant to demineralization (p = 0.01), and enamel that more efficiently regain mineral and remineralize (p = 0.04). Similarly, the G allele of AQP5 marker rs3759129 and A allele of AQP5 marker rs296763 are associated with enamel more resistant to demineralization (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). AQP5 and BTF3 genetic variations influence the initial subclinical stages of caries lesion formation in the subsurface of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Medipol Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Regina C Sencak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Gotouda H, Tamamura R, Kono T, Ootani Y, Kanno T, Kuwada-Kusunose T, Suzuki K, Sakae T, Okada H, Nasu I. Immunohistological Study of the Major Salivary Glands in the Gray Short-Tailed Opossums ( Monodelphis domestica). J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Gotouda
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ryo Tamamura
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Tetsuro Kono
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yukari Ootani
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takao Kuwada-Kusunose
- Department of Liberal Arts (Biology), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Liberal Arts (Biology), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ikuo Nasu
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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24
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The role of aquaporin-5 in cancer cell migration: A potential active participant. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:271-276. [PMID: 27609140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data identifies the water channel aquaporin-5 as a major player in multiple cancers. Over-expression of aquaporin-5 has been associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis, suggesting that aquaporin-5 may enhance cancer cell migration. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge and hypothesis regarding downstream signaling partners of aquaporin-5 in relation to cancer cell migration. The molecular mechanisms that link aquaporin-5 to cell migration are not completely understood. Aquaporin-5 may promote cell movement by increasing water uptake into the front of the cell allowing local swelling. Aquaporin-5 may also activate extracellular-regulated kinases, increasing proliferation and potentially stimulating the migration machinery. Thus, further studies are warranted to identify the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways. This will reveal whether aquaporin-5 and downstream effectors could be targets for developing new cancer therapeutics.
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25
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Nakamachi T, Ohtaki H, Seki T, Yofu S, Kagami N, Hashimoto H, Shintani N, Baba A, Mark L, Lanekoff I, Kiss P, Farkas J, Reglodi D, Shioda S. PACAP suppresses dry eye signs by stimulating tear secretion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12034. [PMID: 27345595 PMCID: PMC4931240 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is caused by a reduction in the volume or quality of tears. Here, we show that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-null mice develop dry eye-like symptoms such as corneal keratinization and tear reduction. PACAP immunoreactivity is co-localized with a neuronal marker, and PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) immunoreactivity is observed in mouse infraorbital lacrimal gland acinar cells. PACAP eye drops stimulate tear secretion and increase cAMP and phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase A levels in the infraorbital lacrimal glands that could be inhibited by pre-treatment with a PAC1-R antagonist or an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. Moreover, these eye drops suppress corneal keratinization in PACAP-null mice. PACAP eye drops increase aquaporin 5 (AQP5) levels in the membrane and pAQP5 levels in the infraorbital lacrimal glands. AQP5 siRNA treatment of the infraorbital lacrimal gland attenuates PACAP-induced tear secretion. Based on these results, PACAP might be clinically useful to treat dry eye disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Seki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yofu
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kagami
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemichi Baba
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Laszlo Mark
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary.,Imaging Center for Life and Material Sciences, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary.,PTE-MTA Human Reproduction Research Group, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, PO Box 599, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Innovative Drug Discovery, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University, 4-41 Ebara 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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26
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Vukićević T, Schulz M, Faust D, Klussmann E. The Trafficking of the Water Channel Aquaporin-2 in Renal Principal Cells-a Potential Target for Pharmacological Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26903868 PMCID: PMC4749865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the redistribution of water channels, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. By this AVP directs 10% of the water reabsorption from the 170 L of primary urine that the human kidneys produce each day. This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying the AVP-induced redistribution of AQP2; in particular, it provides an overview over the proteins participating in the control of its localization. Defects preventing the insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane cause diabetes insipidus. The disease can be acquired or inherited, and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. Vice versa, up-regulation of the system causing a predominant localization of AQP2 in the plasma membrane leads to excessive water retention and hyponatremia as in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), late stage heart failure or liver cirrhosis. This article briefly summarizes the currently available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of such water balance disorders, and discusses the value of newly identified mechanisms controlling AQP2 for developing novel pharmacological strategies. Innovative concepts for the therapy of water balance disorders are required as there is a medical need due to the lack of causal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Faust
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
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27
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Anjomshoaa I, Briseño-Ruiz J, Deeley K, Poletta FA, Mereb JC, Leite AL, Barreta PATM, Silva TL, Dizak P, Ruff T, Patir A, Koruyucu M, Abbasoğlu Z, Casado PL, Brown A, Zaky SH, Bayram M, Küchler EC, Cooper ME, Liu K, Marazita ML, Tanboğa İ, Granjeiro JM, Seymen F, Castilla EE, Orioli IM, Sfeir C, Owyang H, Buzalaf MAR, Vieira AR. Aquaporin 5 Interacts with Fluoride and Possibly Protects against Caries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143068. [PMID: 26630491 PMCID: PMC4668048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins and the genes coding for AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are clustered in 12q13. Since AQP5 is expressed in serous acinar cells of salivary glands, we investigated its involvement in caries. DNA samples from 1,383 individuals from six groups were studied. Genotypes of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the aquaporin locus were tested for association with caries experience. Interaction with genes involved in enamel formation was tested. The association between enamel microhardness at baseline, after creation of artificial caries lesion, and after exposure to fluoride and the genetic markers in AQP5 was tested. Finally, AQP5 expression in human whole saliva, after exposure to fluoride in a mammary gland cell line, which is known to express AQP5, and in Wistar rats was also verified. Nominal associations were found between caries experience and markers in the AQP5 locus. Since these associations suggested that AQP5 may be inhibited by levels of fluoride in the drinking water that cause fluorosis, we showed that fluoride levels above optimal levels change AQP5 expression in humans, cell lines, and rats. We have shown that AQP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of caries and likely interacts with fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Anjomshoaa
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Briseño-Ruiz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Fernardo A. Poletta
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Mereb
- ECLAMC at Hospital de Area El Bolson, El Bolson, RN, Argentina
| | - Aline L. Leite
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thelma L. Silva
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Piper Dizak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy Ruff
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Asli Patir
- Department of Pedodontics, Medipol Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Abbasoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Priscila L. Casado
- Dental School, Clinical Research Unit, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Brown
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Samer H. Zaky
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, Medipol Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Cooper
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - İlknur Tanboğa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Dental School, Clinical Research Unit, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Metrology (INMETRO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo E. Castilla
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ECLAMC at INAGEMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics) at Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iêda M. Orioli
- ECLAMC at INAGEMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics) at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Hongjiao Owyang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Eckhard A, Dos Santos A, Liu W, Bassiouni M, Arnold H, Gleiser C, Hirt B, Harteneck C, Müller M, Rask-Andersen H, Löwenheim H. Regulation of the perilymphatic-endolymphatic water shunt in the cochlea by membrane translocation of aquaporin-5. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2571-88. [PMID: 26208470 PMCID: PMC4646919 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Volume homeostasis of the cochlear endolymph depends on radial and longitudinal endolymph movements (LEMs). LEMs measured in vivo have been exclusively recognized under physiologically challenging conditions, such as experimentally induced alterations of perilymph osmolarity or endolymph volume. The regulatory mechanisms that adjust LEMs to the physiological requirements of endolymph volume homeostasis remain unknown. Here, we describe the formation of an aquaporin (AQP)-based "water shunt" during the postnatal development of the mouse cochlea and its regulation by different triggers. The final complementary expression pattern of AQP5 (apical membrane) and AQP4 (basolateral membrane) in outer sulcus cells (OSCs) of the cochlear apex is acquired at the onset of hearing function (postnatal day (p)8-p12). In vitro, hyperosmolar perfusion of the perilymphatic fluid spaces or the administration of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine in cochlear explants (p14) induced the translocation of AQP5 channel proteins into the apical membranes of OSCs. AQP5 membrane translocation was blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. The muscarinic M3 acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M3R) was identified in murine OSCs via mRNA expression, immunolabeling, and in vitro binding studies using an M3R-specific fluorescent ligand. Finally, the water shunt elements AQP4, AQP5, and M3R were also demonstrated in OSCs of the human cochlea. The regulation of the AQP4/AQP5 water shunt in OSCs of the cochlear apex provides a molecular basis for regulated endolymphatic volume homeostasis. Moreover, its dysregulation or disruption may have pathophysiologic implications for clinical conditions related to endolymphatic hydrops, such as Ménière's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eckhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Centre, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Dos Santos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Centre, Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bassiouni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Centre, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Arnold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Centre, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Gleiser
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Hirt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Harteneck
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Research (ICePhA), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Müller
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences - European Medical School, University Hospital of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Steinweg 13-17, 26122, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - H Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Löwenheim
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences - European Medical School, University Hospital of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Steinweg 13-17, 26122, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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29
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Sallustio F, Serino G, Schena FP. Potential Reparative Role of Resident Adult Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:326-33. [PMID: 26309808 PMCID: PMC4509615 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human kidney is particularly susceptible to ischemia and toxins with consequential tubular necrosis and activation of inflammatory processes. This process can lead to the acute renal injury, and even if the kidney has a great capacity for regeneration after tubular damage, in several circumstances, the normal renal repair program may not be sufficient to achieve a successful regeneration. Resident adult renal stem/progenitor cells could participate in this repair process and have the potentiality to enhance the renal regenerative mechanism. This could be achieved both directly, by means of their capacity to differentiate and integrate into the renal tissues, and by means of paracrine factors able to induce or improve the renal repair or regeneration. Recent genetic fate-tracing studies indicated that tubular damage is instead repaired by proliferative duplication of epithelial cells, acquiring a transient progenitor phenotype and by fate-restricted clonal cell progeny emerging from different nephron segments. In this review, we discuss about the properties and the reparative characteristics of high regenerative CD133(+)/CD24(+) cells, with a view to a future application of these cells for the treatment of acute renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari , Bari, Italy . ; C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, Strada Prov. le Valenzano-Casamassima Km 3 , Valenzano, Italy . ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento , Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Grazia Serino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari , Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Schena
- C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, Strada Prov. le Valenzano-Casamassima Km 3 , Valenzano, Italy . ; Schena Foundation, Research Center of Renal Diseases , Bari, Italy
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30
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Lee J, Park S, Roh S. Transdifferentiation of mouse adipose-derived stromal cells into acinar cells of the submandibular gland using a co-culture system. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:160-72. [PMID: 25801455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A loss of salivary gland function often occurs after radiation therapy in head and neck tumors, though secretion of saliva by the salivary glands is essential for the health and maintenance of the oral environment. Transplantation of salivary acinar cells (ACs), in part, may overcome the side effects of therapy. Here we directly differentiated mouse adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into ACs using a co-culture system. Multipotent ADSCs can be easily collected from stromal vascular fractions of adipose tissues. The isolated ADSCs showed positive expression of markers such as integrin beta-1 (CD29), cell surface glycoprotein (CD44), endoglin (CD105), and Nanog. The cells were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neural-like cells after 14 days in culture. ADSCs at passage 2 were co-cultured with mouse ACs in AC culture medium using the double-chamber (co-culture system) to avoid mixing the cell types. The ADSCs in this co-culture system expressed markers of ACs, such as α-amylases and aquaporin5, in both mRNA and protein. ADSCs cultured in AC-conditioned medium also expressed AC markers. Cellular proliferation and senescence analyses demonstrated that cells in the co-culture group showed lower senescence and a higher proliferation rate than the AC-conditioned medium group at Days 14 and 21. The results above imply direct conversion of ADSCs into ACs under the co-culture system; therefore, ADSCs may be a stem cell source for the therapy for salivary gland damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingu Lee
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
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31
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Susa T, Sawai N, Aoki T, Iizuka-Kogo A, Kogo H, Negishi A, Yokoo S, Takata K, Matsuzaki T. Effects of repeated administration of pilocarpine and isoproterenol on aquaporin-5 expression in rat salivary glands. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:187-97. [PMID: 24610966 PMCID: PMC3929617 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are water channel proteins which enable rapid water movement across the plasma membrane. Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is the major aquaporin and is expressed on the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells. We examined the effects of repeated administration of pilocarpine, a clinically useful stimulant for salivary fluid secretion, and isoproterenol (IPR), a stimulant for salivary protein secretion, on the abundance of AQP5 protein in rat salivary glands by immunofluorescence microscopy and semi-quantitative immunoblotting. Unexpectedly AQP5 was decreased in pilocarpine-administered salivary glands, in which fluid secretion must be highly stimulated, implying that AQP5 might not be required for fluid secretion at least in pilocarpine-administered state. The abundance of AQP5, on the other hand, was found to be significantly increased in IPR-administered submandibular and parotid glands. To address the possible mechanism of the elevation of AQP5 abundance in IPR-administered animals, changes of AQP5 level in fasting animals, in which the exocytotic events are reduced, were examined. AQP5 was found to be decreased in fasting animals as expected. These results suggested that the elevation of cAMP and/or frequent exocytotic events could increase AQP5 protein. AQP5 expression seems to be easily changed by salivary stimulants, although these changes do not always reflect the ability in salivary fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Susa
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeo Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Iizuka-Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihide Negishi
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Yokoo
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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32
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Schey KL, Wang Z, L Wenke J, Qi Y. Aquaporins in the eye: expression, function, and roles in ocular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1513-23. [PMID: 24184915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All thirteen known mammalian aquaporins have been detected in the eye. Moreover, aquaporins have been identified as playing essential roles in ocular functions ranging from maintenance of lens and corneal transparency to production of aqueous humor to maintenance of cellular homeostasis and regulation of signal transduction in the retina. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the expression and known functions of ocular aquaporins and discusses their known and potential roles in ocular diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Aquaporins play essential roles in all ocular tissues. Remarkably, not all aquaporin function as a water permeable channel and the functions of many aquaporins in ocular tissues remain unknown. Given their vital roles in maintaining ocular function and their roles in disease, aquaporins represent potential targets for future therapeutic development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Since aquaporins play key roles in ocular physiology, an understanding of these functions is important to improving ocular health and treating diseases of the eye. It is likely that future therapies for ocular diseases will rely on modulation of aquaporin expression and/or function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie L Wenke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Selvam S, Mircheff AK, Yiu SC. Diverse mediators modulate the chloride ion fluxes that drive lacrimal fluid production. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2927-33. [PMID: 23513060 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To learn whether locally expressed and systemic mediators might modulate the cholinergically induced transepithelial Cl(-) fluxes that underlie lacrimal fluid production. METHODS Reconstituted epithelial monolayers were exposed to a submaximal dose of the muscarinic agonist, carbachol (CCh), or to one of several paracrine mediators for 18 hours, then acutely stimulated with an optimal dose of CCh. Secretory Cl(-) fluxes were assessed as negative short-circuit currents (ISC). RESULTS Exposure to IL-6 at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/mL and IL-1β at 10 ng/mL significantly decreased CCh-induced Cl(-) secretion. Prolactin decreased CCh-induced Cl(-) secretion, but the extent of the decrease diminished as the prolactin concentration increased from 20 to 200 ng/mL. CCh, 10 μM, prevented CCh, 100 μM, from eliciting Cl(-) secretion. Exposure to histamine, 10 mM, prevented formation of confluent monolayers. Exposure to histamine, 1 mM, decreased CCh-induced Cl(-) secretion, whereas exposure to 5-HT, 1 mM, potentiated CCh-induced Cl(-) secretion. CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposure to inflammatory cytokines may significantly impair cholinergically induced lacrimal fluid production. Concentrations of prolactin within the high range of normal values also may impair fluid production, but this effect is reversed at levels associated with pregnancy. Autonomic neurotransmitters and paracrine mediators that signal through different G protein-coupled receptors appear to exert varying influences, which range from complete suppression to potentiation of cholinergically induced fluid production. Thus, some hormones and paracrine mediators may impair secretion in apparently homeostatic glands as well as diseased glands, whereas mediators produced by certain immune cell infiltrates may actually enhance fluid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram Selvam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Kosenda K, Ichii O, Otsuka S, Hashimoto Y, Kon Y. BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice develop autoimmune dacryoadenitis with the appearance of inflammatory cell marker messenger RNAs in the lacrimal fluid. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:788-97. [PMID: 23433092 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dacryoadenitis is characteristic of an autoimmune exocrinopathy, e.g. Sjögren syndrome. We pathologically examined the lacrimal glands of autoimmune-prone BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice for the appearance of pathological signs of dacryoadenitis progression in autoimmune dacryoadenitis models, particularly focusing on messenger RNAs in the lacrimal fluid. METHODS The lacrimal glands of the BXSB/MpJ-Yaa and C57BL/6 mice were histopathologically analyzed in parallel with the evaluation of lacrimation and messenger RNA expression of water channels (Aqp3, Aqp4 and Aqp5). In addition, autoimmune model mice (MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr and NZB/NZWF1) were used for evaluating cell infiltration and detecting inflammatory cell marker messenger RNAs (Cd68, Ptprc and Cd3e) in the lacrimal fluids by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. RESULTS B-cell predominant lymphocytic infiltrations and the destruction of acini were observed in the lacrimal glands of BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice. There was no significant difference in the quantity of lacrimal fluid between the BXSB/MpJ-Yaa and C57BL/6 mice. In the BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice, Aqp3 expression increased significantly with the cell infiltration score, whereas expression of Aqp4 and Aqp5 tended to decrease. Aqp3 expression increased significantly with the cell infiltration score in BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice. Among inflammatory cell markers, Cd68 was more frequently detected in the lacrimal fluid of the BXSB/MpJ-Yaa, MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr and NZB/NZWF1 mice than in that of the C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSION BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice clearly developed autoimmune dacryoadenitis. The altered expression of water channels in lacrimal glands might be associated with the preservation of lacrimal fluid excretion in BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice. The detection of inflammatory cell markers in lacrimal fluid could be used as a diagnostic marker for autoimmune dacryoadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kosenda
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Janosi L, Ceccarelli M. The gating mechanism of the human aquaporin 5 revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59897. [PMID: 23565173 PMCID: PMC3614956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are protein channels located across the cell membrane with the role of conducting water or other small sugar alcohol molecules (aquaglyceroporins). The high-resolution X-ray structure of the human aquaporin 5 (HsAQP5) shows that HsAQP5, as all the other known aquaporins, exhibits tetrameric structure. By means of molecular dynamics simulations we analyzed the role of spontaneous fluctuations on the structural behavior of the human AQP5. We found that different conformations within the tetramer lead to a distribution of monomeric channel structures, which can be characterized as open or closed. The switch between the two states of a channel is a tap-like mechanism at the cytoplasmic end which regulates the water passage through the pore. The channel is closed by a translation of the His67 residue inside the pore. Moreover, water permeation rate calculations revealed that the selectivity filter, located at the other end of the channel, regulates the flow rate of water molecules when the channel is open, by locally modifying the orientation of His173. Furthermore, the calculated permeation rates of a fully open channel are in good agreement with the reported experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorant Janosi
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Terakado K, Yogo T, Kohara Y, Soeta S, Nezu Y, Harada Y, Hara Y, Amasaki H, Tagawa M. Marked depletion of the water-channel protein, AQP5, in the canine nictitating membrane glands might contribute to the development of KCS. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:664-7. [PMID: 23160543 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812467467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the normal histological localization of aquaporin (AQP) 5 protein in the lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands and to compare this localization in healthy and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) dogs. Lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands of 5 healthy Beagles and nictitating membrane glands of 5 KCS dogs (3 Beagles and 2 mongrel dogs: 0-13 years) were used for the present study. The owners of the KCS dogs did not consent to perform biopsies of the lacrimal glands. The localization and distribution of AQP5 protein were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique. In immunohistochemical staining, AQP5 was localized in the apical site of acinar epithelial and ductal epithelial cells from both the lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands in healthy dogs. However, AQP5 was not detected in the 5 KCS dogs. These results for immunohistochemical AQP5 localization might correlate with the deficiency in tear secretion found in KCS dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Terakado
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Matsuzaki T, Susa T, Shimizu K, Sawai N, Suzuki T, Aoki T, Yokoo S, Takata K. Function of the membrane water channel aquaporin-5 in the salivary gland. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:251-9. [PMID: 23209334 PMCID: PMC3496861 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of saliva production in the salivary glands requires transepithelial water transfer from the interstitium to the acinar lumen. There are two transepithelial pathways: the transcellular and paracellular. In the transcellular pathway, the aquaporin water channels induce passive water diffusion across the membrane lipid bilayer. It is well known that aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is expressed in the salivary glands, in which it is mainly localized at the apical membrane of the acinar cells. This suggests the physiological importance of AQP5 in transcellular water transfer. Reduced saliva secretion under pilocarpine stimulation in AQP5-null mice compared with normal mice further indicates the importance of AQP5 in this process, at least in stimulated saliva secretion. Questions remain therefore regarding the role and importance of AQP5 in basal saliva secretion. It has been speculated that there would be some short-term regulation of AQP5 such as a trafficking mechanism to regulate saliva secretion. However, no histochemical evidence of AQP5-trafficking has been found, although some of biochemical analyses suggested that it may occur. There are no reports of human disease caused by AQP5 mutations, but some studies have revealed an abnormal subcellular distribution of AQP5 in patients or animals with xerostomia caused by Sjögren’s syndrome and X-irradiation. These findings suggest the possible pathophysiological importance of AQP5 in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taketo Susa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kinue Shimizu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeo Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Yokoo
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Water channel proteins in the inner ear and their link to hearing impairment and deafness. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:612-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ubels JL, Gipson IK, Spurr-Michaud SJ, Tisdale AS, Van Dyken RE, Hatton MP. Gene expression in human accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:6738-47. [PMID: 22956620 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The accessory lacrimal glands are assumed to contribute to the production of tear fluid, but little is known about their function. The goal of this study was to conduct an analysis of gene expression by glands of Wolfring that would provide a more complete picture of the function of these glands. METHODS Glands of Wolfring were isolated from frozen sections of human eyelids by laser microdissection. RNA was extracted from the cells and hybridized to gene expression arrays. The expression of several of the major genes was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of the 24 most highly expressed genes, 9 were of direct relevance to lacrimal function. These included lysozyme, lactoferrin, tear lipocalin, and lacritin. The glands of Wolfring are enriched in genes related to protein synthesis, targeting, and secretion, and a large number of genes for proteins with antimicrobial activity were detected. Ion channels and transporters, carbonic anhydrase, and aquaporins were abundantly expressed. Genes for control of lacrimal function, including cholinergic, adrenergic, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, purinergic, androgen, and prolactin receptors were also expressed in gland of Wolfring. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the function of glands of Wolfring is similar to that of main lacrimal glands and are consistent with secretion electrolytes, fluid, and protein under nervous and hormonal control. Since these glands secrete directly onto the ocular surface, their location may allow rapid response to exogenous stimuli and makes them readily accessible to topical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546, USA.
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Carmosino M, Rizzo F, Procino G, Zolla L, Timperio AM, Basco D, Barbieri C, Torretta S, Svelto M. Identification of moesin as NKCC2-interacting protein and analysis of its functional role in the NKCC2 apical trafficking. Biol Cell 2012; 104:658-76. [PMID: 22708623 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The renal Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC2) is expressed in kidney thick ascending limb cells, where it mediates NaCl re-absorption regulating body salt levels and blood pressure. RESULTS In this study, we used a well-characterised NKCC2 construct (c-NKCC2) to identify NKCC2-interacting proteins by an antibody shift assay coupled with blue native/SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Among the interacting proteins, we identified moesin, a protein belonging to ezrin, eadixin and moesin family. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that c-NKCC2 interacts with the N-terminal domain of moesin in LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, c-NKCC2 accumulates in intracellular and sub-apical vesicles in cells transfected with a moesin dominant negative green fluorescent protien (GFP)-tagged construct. In addition, moesin knock-down by short interfering RNA decreases by about 50% c-NKCC2 surface expression. Specifically, endocytosis and exocytosis assays showed that moesin knock-down does not affect c-NKCC2 internalisation but strongly reduces exocytosis of the co-transporter. CONCLUSIONS Our data clearly demonstrate that moesin plays a critical role in apical membrane insertion of NKCC2, suggesting a possible involvement of moesin in regulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) absorption in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carmosino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Yu D, Thelin WR, Randell SH, Boucher RC. Expression profiles of aquaporins in rat conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland and Meibomian gland. Exp Eye Res 2012; 103:22-32. [PMID: 22828047 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to elucidate aquaporin (AQP) family member mRNA expression and protein expression/localization in the rat lacrimal functional unit. The mRNA expression of all rat AQPs (AQP0-9, 11-12) in palpebral, fornical, and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland was measured by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR. Antibodies against AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were used in Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to determine protein expression and distribution. Our study demonstrated characteristic AQP expression profiles in rat ocular tissues. AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were detected in conjunctiva. AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, and 12 mRNA were expressed in cornea. AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11 mRNA were detected in lacrimal gland. AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were identified in Meibomian gland. By Western blot, AQP1, 3, 5, and 11 were detected in conjunctiva; AQP1, 3, 5, and 11 were identified in cornea; AQP1, 3, 4, 5, and 11 were detected in lacrimal gland; and AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were present in Meibomian gland. Immunohistochemistry localized AQPs to distinct sites in the various tissues. This study rigorously analyzed AQPs expression and localization in rat conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland tissues. Our findings provide a comprehensive platform for further investigation into the physiological or pathophysiological relevance of AQPs in ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Yu
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 7011 Thurston-Bowles Building, 96 Manning Drive, NC 27599, United States
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Tamma G, Procino G, Svelto M, Valenti G. Cell culture models and animal models for studying the patho-physiological role of renal aquaporins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1931-46. [PMID: 22189994 PMCID: PMC11114724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are key players regulating urinary-concentrating ability. To date, eight aquaporins have been characterized and localized along the nephron, namely, AQP1 located in the proximal tubule, thin descending limb of Henle, and vasa recta; AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 in collecting duct principal cells; AQP5 in intercalated cell type B; AQP6 in intercalated cells type A in the papilla; AQP7, AQP8 and AQP11 in the proximal tubule. AQP2, whose expression and cellular distribution is dependent on vasopressin stimulation, is involved in hereditary and acquired diseases affecting urine-concentrating mechanisms. Due to the lack of selective aquaporin inhibitors, the patho-physiological role of renal aquaporins has not yet been completely clarified, and despite extensive studies, several questions remain unanswered. Until the recent and large-scale development of genetic manipulation technology, which has led to the generation of transgenic mice models, our knowledge on renal aquaporin regulation was mainly based on in vitro studies with suitable renal cell models. Transgenic and knockout technology approaches are providing pivotal information on the role of aquaporins in health and disease. The main goal of this review is to update and summarize what we can learn from cell and animal models that will shed more light on our understanding of aquaporin-dependent renal water regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
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Mack AF, Wolburg H. A novel look at astrocytes: aquaporins, ionic homeostasis, and the role of the microenvironment for regeneration in the CNS. Neuroscientist 2012; 19:195-207. [PMID: 22645111 DOI: 10.1177/1073858412447981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels are located at the basolateral membrane domain of many epithelial cells involved in ion transport and secretion. These epithelial cells separate fluid compartments by forming apical tight junctions. In the brain, AQP4 is located on astrocytes in a polarized distribution: At the border to blood vessels or the pial surface, its density is very high. During ontogeny and phylogeny, astroglial cells go through a stage of expressing tight junctions, separating fluid compartments differently than in adult mammals. In adult mammals, this barrier is formed by arachnoid, choroid plexus, and endothelial cells. The ontogenetic and phylogenetic barrier transition from glial to endothelial cells correlates with the regenerative capacity of neuronal structures: Glial cells forming tight junctions, and expressing no or unpolarized AQP4 are found in the fish optic nerve and the olfactory nerve in mammals both known for their regenerative ability. It is hypothesized that highly polarized AQP4 expression and the lack of tight junctions on astrocytes increase ionic homeostasis, thus improving neuronal performance possibly at the expense of restraining neurogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Mack
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Muscarinic agonists act mainly via muscarinic M₃ cholinoceptors to cause contraction of the iris sphincter, ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork as well as increase outflow facility of aqueous humour. In the iris dilator, the effect of muscarinic agonists is species dependent but is predominantly relaxation via muscarinic M₃ receptors. In the conjunctiva, muscarinic agonists stimulate goblet cell secretion which contributes to the protective tear film. Muscarinic M₂ and M₃ receptors appear mainly involved. In the lens muscarinic agonists act via muscarinic M₁ receptors to produce depolarization and increase [Ca(2+)](i). All five subtypes of muscarinic receptor are present in the retina. In the developing retina, acetylcholine appears to limit purinergic stimulation of retinal development and decrease cell proliferation. In the adult retina acetylcholine and other muscarinic agonists may have complex effects, for example, enhancing light-evoked neuronal firing in transient ON retinal ganglion cells and inhibiting firing in OFF retinal ganglion cells. In the lacrimal gland, muscarinic agonists activate M₃ receptors on secretory globular acinar cells to stimulate tear secretion and also cause contraction of myoepithelial cells. In Sjögren's syndrome, antibodies to the muscarinic M₃ receptor disrupt normal gland function leading to xerophthalmia although the mechanism of action of the antibody is still not clear. Atropine and pirenzepine are useful in limiting the development of myopia in children probably by an action on muscarinic receptors in the sclera, although many other muscarinic receptor antagonists are not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Mitchelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Procino G, Mastrofrancesco L, Sallustio F, Costantino V, Barbieri C, Pisani F, Schena FP, Svelto M, Valenti G. AQP5 is expressed in type-B intercalated cells in the collecting duct system of the rat, mouse and human kidney. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:683-92. [PMID: 22178880 DOI: 10.1159/000335762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened human kidney-derived multipotent CD133+/CD24+ ARPCs for the possible expression of all 13 aquaporin isoforms cloned in humans. Interestingly, we found that ARPCs expressed both AQP5 mRNA and mature protein. This novel finding prompted us to investigate the presence of AQP5 in situ in kidney. We report here the novel finding that AQP5 is expressed in human, rat and mouse kidney at the apical membrane of type-B intercalated cells. AQP5 is expressed in the renal cortex and completely absent from the medulla. Immunocytochemical analysis using segment- and cell type-specific markers unambiguously indicated that AQP5 is expressed throughout the collecting system at the apical membrane of type-B intercalated cells, where it co-localizes with pendrin. No basolateral AQPs were detected in type-B intercalated cells, suggesting that AQP5 is unlikely to be involved in the net trans-epithelial water reabsorption occurring in the distal tubule. An intriguing hypothesis is that AQP5 may serve an osmosensor for the composition of the fluid coming from the thick ascending limb. Future studies will unravel the physiological role of AQP5 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Procino
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
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Hadchouel J, Büsst C, Procino G, Valenti G, Chambrey R, Eladari D. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure by pendrin. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:505-12. [PMID: 22116364 DOI: 10.1159/000335116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Na(+) is commonly designed as the culprit of salt-sensitive hypertension but several studies suggest that abnormal Cl(-) transport is in fact the triggering mechanism. This review focuses on the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by pendrin, an apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger which mediates HCO(3)(-) secretion and transcellular Cl(-) transport in type B intercalated cells (B-ICs) of the distal nephron. Studies in mice showed that it is required not only for acid-base regulation but also for BP regulation as pendrin knock-out mice develop hypotension when submitted to NaCl restriction and are resistant to aldosterone-induced hypertension. Pendrin contributes to these processes by two mechanisms. First, pendrin-mediated Cl(-) transport is coupled with Na(+) reabsorption by the Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger NDCBE to mediate NaCl reabsorption in B-ICs. Second, pendrin activity regulates Na(+) reabsorption by the adjacent principal cells, possibly by interaction with the ATP-mediated paracrine signalling recently identified between ICs and principal cells. Interestingly, the water channel AQP5 was recently found to be expressed at the apical side of B-ICs, in the absence of a basolateral water channel, and pendrin and AQP5 membrane expressions are both inhibited by K(+) depletion, suggesting that pendrin and AQP5 could cooperate to regulate cell volume, a potent stimulus of ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hadchouel
- INSERM UMRS 970-Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
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Ding C, Nandoskar P, Lu M, Thomas P, Trousdale MD, Wang Y. Changes of aquaporins in the lacrimal glands of a rabbit model of Sjögren's syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:571-8. [PMID: 21524183 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.574330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) 4 and 5 is altered in the lacrimal glands (LG) of rabbits with induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis (IAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS LGs were obtained from adult female rabbits with IAD, and age-matched female control rabbits. LGs were processed for laser capture microdissection (LCM), real time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence for the detection and quantification of protein and mRNAs of AQP4 and AQP5 in whole LGs, and purified acinar cells and duct cells from specific duct segments. RESULTS In rabbits with IAD, abundances of mRNAs for AQP4 and AQP5 from whole LGs were significantly lower than controls. Levels of mRNA for AQP4 were lower in most duct segments from rabbits with IAD. However, the mRNA abundance for AQP5 was significantly lower in acini from rabbits with IAD, while its abundance was higher in each duct segment. Western blot showed that the expression of AQP4 in LGs from rabbits with IAD was 36% more abundant than normal controls, whereas AQP5 was 72% less abundant. Immunofluorescence indicated that AQP4 immunoreactivity (AQP4-IR) was present on the basolateral membranes of acinar and ductal cells in control and diseased LGs, with ductal cells showing stronger AQP4-IR than acinar cells. AQP5-IR was found on apical and basolateral membranes of acinar cells, and showed a "mosaic" pattern, i.e., with some acini and/or acinar cells showing stronger AQP5-IR than others. Minimal AQP5-IR was detected in ductal cells from control animals, while its intensity was significantly increased in rabbits with IAD. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly support our hypothesis that expressions of AQPs are altered in rabbits with IAD, and that specific ductal segment play important roles in lacrimal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Ding
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9112, USA
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Eberhardt C, Amann B, Feuchtinger A, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Differential expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channels and aquaporins 4 and 5 in autoimmune uveitis indicates misbalance in Müller glial cell-dependent ion and water homeostasis. Glia 2011; 59:697-707. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The subcellular distribution of aquaporin 5 in the cochlea reveals a water shunt at the perilymph–endolymph barrier. Neuroscience 2010; 168:957-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jäger K, Reh D, Gebhardt M, Schaudig U, Sel S, Bräuer L, Paulsen F. Expression profile of aquaporins in human nasolacrimal duct epithelium. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:267-73. [PMID: 20373892 DOI: 10.3109/02713680903572525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the epithelium of the human nasolacrimal ducts contains aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane proteins that function as selective pores and are able to transport water, glycerol, and other small solutes across the cell plasma membrane. METHODS Expression of AQPs 0 and 1-10 in human nasolacrimal duct tissue was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive PCR amplification products were verified by direct cDNA sequencing. Western blot analysis was used to detect AQPs 3-5. Antisera specific for AQPs were used in immunohistochemical analysis to determine the presence and distribution of ten AQPs (AQP 0 and 1-9) in epithelia and subepithelial glands of the nasolacrimal ducts. All samples investigated originated from human postmortem tissue. RESULTS In human nasolacrimal duct samples, AQPs 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were identified by RT-PCR. No RT-PCR products were detected for AQPs 0, 2, and 6. All AQPs, which were detected by RT-PCR, were also confirmed by direct sequencing of the cDNA. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed AQPs 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 in human nasolacrimal duct epithelium and were detected in different cells. Expression of AQP 4 could not be detected immunohistochemically but by Western blot analysis. Protein detection of AQP 10 could not be performed due to the unavailability of an appropriate antibody. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest specific roles for AQPs in water transport through the epithelium of the nasolacrimal ducts and underline the presumption that tear fluid components are selectively absorbed in the nasolacrimal passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Jäger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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