1
|
Iyer A, Frallicciardi J, le Paige UBA, Narasimhan S, Luo Y, Alvarez Sieiro P, Syga L, van den Brekel F, Minh Tran B, Tjioe R, Schuurman-Wolters G, C A Stuart M, Baldus M, van Ingen H, Poolman B. The structure and function of the bacterial osmotically inducible protein Y. J Mol Biol 2024:168668. [PMID: 38908784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to adapt to osmotically diverse and fluctuating environments is critical to the survival and resilience of bacteria that colonize the human gut and urinary tract. Environmental stress often provides cross-protection against other challenges and increases antibiotic tolerance of bacteria. Thus, it is critical to understand how E. coli and other microbes survive and adapt to stress conditions. The osmotically inducible protein Y (OsmY) is significantly upregulated in response to hypertonicity. Yet its function remains unknown for decades. We determined the solution structure and dynamics of OsmY by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which revealed that the two Bacterial OsmY and Nodulation (BON) domains of the protein are flexibly linked under low- and high-salinity conditions. In-cell solid-state NMR further indicates that there are no gross structural changes in OsmY as a function of osmotic stress. Using cryo-electron and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we show that OsmY attenuates plasmolysis-induced structural changes in E. coli and improves the time to growth resumption after osmotic upshift. Structure-guided mutational and functional studies demonstrate that exposed hydrophobic residues in the BON1 domain are critical for the function of OsmY. We find no evidence for membrane interaction of the BON domains of OsmY, contrary to current assumptions. Instead, at high ionic strength, we observe an interaction with the water channel, AqpZ. Thus, OsmY does not play a simple structural role in E. coli but may influence a cascade of osmoregulatory functions of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacopo Frallicciardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulric B A le Paige
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siddarth Narasimhan
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanzhang Luo
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Alvarez Sieiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Syga
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris van den Brekel
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Buu Minh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rendy Tjioe
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Schuurman-Wolters
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo van Ingen
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Ouyang X, Liu Y, Ba Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Yang P, Yang T, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Mao W, Zhong C, Liu H, Zhang Y, Gou S, Ni J. Novel β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptide Containing the β-Turn Sequence of -NG- and the Tryptophan Zippers Facilitate Self-Assembly into Nanofibers, Exhibiting Excellent Antimicrobial Performance. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6365-6383. [PMID: 38436574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising agents to combat the antibiotic resistance crisis due to their rapid bactericidal activity and low propensity for drug resistance. However, AMPs face challenges in terms of balancing enhanced antimicrobial efficacy with increased toxicity during modification processes. In this study, de novo d-type β-hairpin AMPs are designed. The conformational transformation of self-assembling peptide W-4 in the environment of the bacterial membrane and the erythrocyte membrane affected its antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity and finally showed a high antibacterial effect and low toxicity. Furthermore, W-4 displays remarkable stability, minimal occurrence of drug resistance, and synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. The in vivo studies confirm its high safety and potent wound-healing properties at the sites infected by bacteria. This study substantiates that nanostructured AMPs possess enhanced biocompatibility. These advances reveal the superiority of self-assembled AMPs and contribute to the development of nanoantibacterial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zufang Ba
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Mao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jingman Ni
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song Y, Wu X, Li Z, Ma QQ, Bao R. Molecular mechanism of siderophore regulation by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa BfmRS two-component system in response to osmotic stress. Commun Biol 2024; 7:295. [PMID: 38461208 PMCID: PMC10924945 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common nosocomial pathogen, relies on siderophores to acquire iron, crucial for its survival in various environments and during host infections. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of siderophore regulation remains incomplete. In this study, we found that the BfmRS two-component system, previously associated with biofilm formation and quorum sensing, is essential for siderophore regulation under high osmolality stress. Activated BfmR directly bound to the promoter regions of pvd, fpv, and femARI gene clusters, thereby activating their transcription and promoting siderophore production. Subsequent proteomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed that deletion of BfmRS reduces siderophore-related proteins and impairs bacterial survival in iron-deficient conditions. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the high conservation of the BfmRS system across Pseudomonas species, functional evidences also indicated that BfmR homologues from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Pseudomonas sp. MRSN12121 could bind to the promoter regions of key siderophore genes and osmolality-mediated increases in siderophore production were observed. This work illuminates a novel signaling pathway for siderophore regulation and enhances our understanding of siderophore-mediated bacterial interactions and community establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xiyu Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Ze Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases in State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin Qin Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases in State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang R, Wang Y. EvgS/EvgA, the unorthodox two-component system regulating bacterial multiple resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0157723. [PMID: 38019025 PMCID: PMC10734491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE EvgS/EvgA, one of the five unorthodox two-component systems in Escherichia coli, plays an essential role in adjusting bacterial behaviors to adapt to the changing environment. Multiple resistance regulated by EvgS/EvgA endows bacteria to survive in adverse conditions such as acidic pH, multidrug, and heat. In this minireview, we summarize the specific structures and regulation mechanisms of EvgS/EvgA and its multiple resistance. By discussing several unresolved issues and proposing our speculations, this review will be helpful and enlightening for future directions about EvgS/EvgA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Zhang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Segovia R, Solé J, Marqués AM, Cajal Y, Rabanal F. Unveiling the Membrane and Cell Wall Action of Antimicrobial Cyclic Lipopeptides: Modulation of the Spectrum of Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122180. [PMID: 34959460 PMCID: PMC8708274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge, and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria are particularly dangerous. The threat of running out of active molecules is accelerated by the extensive use of antibiotics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and new antibiotics are urgently needed. Colistin and polymyxin B are natural antibiotics considered as last resort drugs for multi-resistant infections, but their use is limited because of neuro- and nephrotoxicity. We previously reported a series of synthetic analogues inspired in natural polymyxins with a flexible scaffold that allows multiple modifications to improve activity and reduce toxicity. In this work, we focus on modifications in the hydrophobic domains, describing analogues that broaden or narrow the spectrum of activity including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs in the low µM range and low hemolytic activity. Using biophysical methods, we explore the interaction of the new molecules with model membranes that mimic the bacterial inner and outer membranes, finding a selective effect on anionic membranes and a mechanism of action based on the alteration of membrane function. Transmission electron microscopy observation confirms that polymyxin analogues kill microbial cells primarily by damaging membrane integrity. Redistribution of the hydrophobicity within the polymyxin molecule seems a plausible approach for the design and development of safer and more selective antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Segovia
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Judith Solé
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Ana Maria Marqués
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Cajal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesc Rabanal
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (F.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
In Silico Discovery of Novel Ligands for Antimicrobial Lipopeptides for Computer-Aided Drug Design. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:129-141. [PMID: 29218506 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens has created havoc worldwide. These antibiotic-resistant pathogens require potent drugs for their inhibition. Lipopeptides, which are produced as secondary metabolites by many microorganisms, have the ability to act as potent safe drugs. Lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules containing a lipid chain bound to the peptide. They exhibit broad-spectrum activities against both bacteria and fungi. Other than their antimicrobial properties, they have displayed anti-cancer properties as well, but their mechanism of action is not understood. In silico drug design uses computer simulation to discover and develop new drugs. This technique reduces the need of expensive and tedious lab work and clinical trials, but this method becomes a challenge due to complex structures of lipopeptides. Specific agonists (ligands) must be identified to initiate a physiological response when combined with a receptor (lipopeptide). In silico drug design and homology modeling talks about the interaction between ligands and the binding sites. This review summarizes the mechanism of selected lipopeptides, their respective ligands, and in silico drug design.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jasim R, Baker MA, Zhu Y, Han M, Schneider-Futschik EK, Hussein M, Hoyer D, Li J, Velkov T. A Comparative Study of Outer Membrane Proteome between Paired Colistin-Susceptible and Extremely Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1692-1704. [PMID: 30232886 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present report we characterized the outer membrane proteome, genomic, and lipid A remodelling changes following the evolution of a colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 strain into an extremely colistin-resistant strain. Lipid A profiling revealed the outer membrane of the colistin-susceptible strain is decorated primarily by hexa- and hepta-acylated lipid A species and a minor tetra-acylated species. In the lipid A profile of the extremely colistin-resistant strain, in addition to the aforementioned lipid A species, the obligatory 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose modification of the hexa-acylated lipid A was detected. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the mgrB gene of the colistin-resistant strain is inactivated by a single nucleotide insertion which produces a frame-shift, resulting in premature termination. We also detected two synonymous mutations in the two-component system genes phoP and phoQ. Comparative profiling of the outer membrane proteome of each strain revealed that outer membrane proteins from bacterial stress response, glutamine degradation, pyruvate, aspartate, and asparagine metabolic pathways were over-represented in the extremely colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 strain. In comparison, in the sensitive strain, outer membrane proteins from carbohydrate metabolism, H+-ATPase, cell division, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis were over-represented. Notably, there were no discernible differences between the OmpK35 and OmpK36 major outer membrane porins between the polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant strains suggesting porin deficiency is not involved in the colistin resistance in the ATCC 13883 strain. These findings shed new light on the outer membrane remodelling events accompanying the development of extremely high levels of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raad Jasim
- Drug Development and Innovation, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meiling Han
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Maytham Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rabanal F, Cajal Y. Recent advances and perspectives in the design and development of polymyxins. Nat Prod Rep 2017. [PMID: 28628170 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1947-early 2017, particularly from 2005-early 2017The rise of bacterial pathogens with acquired resistance to almost all available antibiotics is becoming a serious public health issue. Polymyxins, antibiotics that were mostly abandoned a few decades ago because of toxicity concerns, are ultimately considered as a last-line therapy to treat infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review surveys the progress in understanding polymyxin structure, and their chemistry, mechanisms of antibacterial activity and nephrotoxicity, biomarkers, synergy and combination with other antimicrobial agents and antibiofilm properties. An update of recent efforts in the design and development of a new generation of polymyxin drugs is also discussed. A novel approach considering the modification of the scaffold of polymyxins to integrate metabolism and detoxification issues into the drug design process is a promising new line to potentially prevent accumulation in the kidneys and reduce nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Rabanal
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
New methodologies in screening of antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods: Biosensors. Talanta 2017; 175:435-442. [PMID: 28842013 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are leading medicine asset for fighting against microbial infection, but also one of the important causes of death worldwide. Many antibiotics used as therapeutics and growth promotion agents in animals can lead to antibiotic residues in animal-derived food which harm the health of people. Hence, it is vital to screen antibiotic residues in animal derived foods. Typical methods for screening antibiotic residues are based on microbiological growth inhibition and immunological analyses. However these two methods have some disadvantages, such as poor sensitive, lack of specificity and etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple, more efficient and high sensitive screening methods of antibiotic residues. These assays have been introduced for the screening of numerous food samples. Biosensors are emerging methods, applied in screening antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods. Two types of biosensors, whole-cell based biosensors and surface plasmon resonance-based sensors have been extensively used. Their advantages include portability, small sample requirement, high sensitivity and good specificity over the traditional screening methods.
Collapse
|
10
|
Trimble MJ, Mlynárčik P, Kolář M, Hancock REW. Polymyxin: Alternative Mechanisms of Action and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a025288. [PMID: 27503996 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is an ever-increasing issue worldwide. Unfortunately, very little has been achieved in the pharmaceutical industry to combat this problem. This has led researchers and the medical field to revisit past drugs that were deemed too toxic for clinical use. In particular, the cyclic cationic peptides polymyxin B and colistin, which are specific for Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as "last resort" antimicrobials. Before the 1980s, these drugs were known for their renal and neural toxicities; however, new clinical practices and possibly improved manufacturing have made them safer to use. Previously suggested to primarily attack the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and to not easily select for resistant mutants, recent research exploring resistance and mechanisms of action has provided new perspectives. This review focuses primarily on the proposed alternative mechanisms of action, known resistance mechanisms, and how these support the alternative mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Trimble
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Patrik Mlynárčik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antimicrobial ε-poly-l-lysine induced changes in cell membrane compositions and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Grau-Campistany A, Manresa Á, Pujol M, Rabanal F, Cajal Y. Tryptophan-containing lipopeptide antibiotics derived from polymyxin B with activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:333-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Membrane interaction of a new synthetic antimicrobial lipopeptide sp-85 with broad spectrum activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
van der Meijden B, Robinson JA. Synthesis of a polymyxin derivative for photolabeling studies in the gram-negative bacteriumEscherichia coli. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:231-5. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Velkov T, Deris ZZ, Huang JX, Azad MAK, Butler M, Sivanesan S, Kaminskas LM, Dong YD, Boyd B, Baker MA, Cooper MA, Nation RL, Li J. Surface changes and polymyxin interactions with a resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Innate Immun 2013; 20:350-63. [PMID: 23887184 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913493337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the interaction of polymyxin B and colistin with the surface and outer membrane components of a susceptible and resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The interaction between polymyxins and bacterial membrane and isolated LPS from paired wild type and polymyxin-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae were examined with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) uptake, fluorometric binding and thermal shift assays, lysozyme and deoxycholate sensitivity assays, and by (1)H NMR. LPS from the polymyxin-resistant strain displayed a reduced binding affinity for polymyxins B and colistin in comparison with the wild type LPS. The outer membrane NPN permeability of the resistant strain was greater compared with the susceptible strain. Polymyxin exposure enhanced the permeability of the outer membrane of the wild type strain to lysozyme and deoxycholate, whereas polymyxin concentrations up to 32 mg/ml failed to permeabilize the outer membrane of the resistant strain. Zeta potential measurements revealed that mid-logarithmic phase wild type cells exhibited a greater negative charge than the mid-logarithmic phase-resistant cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the resistant derivative of K. pneumoniae can block the electrostatically driven first stage of polymyxin action, which thereby renders the hydrophobically driven second tier of polymyxin action on the outer membrane inconsequential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Velkov
- 1Drug Development and Innovation, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Magee TV, Brown MF, Starr JT, Ackley DC, Abramite JA, Aubrecht J, Butler A, Crandon JL, Dib-Hajj F, Flanagan ME, Granskog K, Hardink JR, Huband MD, Irvine R, Kuhn M, Leach KL, Li B, Lin J, Luke DR, MacVane SH, Miller AA, McCurdy S, McKim JM, Nicolau DP, Nguyen TT, Noe MC, O’Donnell JP, Seibel SB, Shen Y, Stepan AF, Tomaras AP, Wilga PC, Zhang L, Xu J, Chen JM. Discovery of Dap-3 Polymyxin Analogues for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Nosocomial Infections. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5079-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400416u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Magee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Starr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David C. Ackley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph A. Abramite
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jared L. Crandon
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research
and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford,
Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Fadia Dib-Hajj
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark E. Flanagan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karl Granskog
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joel R. Hardink
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Huband
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca Irvine
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen L. Leach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bryan Li
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David R. Luke
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn H. MacVane
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research
and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford,
Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Alita A. Miller
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sandra McCurdy
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - David P. Nicolau
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research
and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford,
Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Thuy-Trinh Nguyen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark C. Noe
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John P. O’Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott B. Seibel
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yue Shen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Antonia F. Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew P. Tomaras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul C. Wilga
- CeeTox, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008,
United States
| | - Li Zhang
- WuXi AppTech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Jinshan Michael Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
genetic determinants of intrinsic colistin tolerance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Immun 2012; 81:542-51. [PMID: 23230287 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00704-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. This organism poses a particular challenge due to its ability to acquire resistance to new antibiotics through adaptation or mutation. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms governing the adaptability of A. baumannii to the antibiotic colistin. Screening of a transposon mutant library identified over 30 genes involved in inducible colistin resistance in A. baumannii. One of the genes identified was lpsB, which encodes a glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. We demonstrate that loss of LpsB function results in increased sensitivity to both colistin and cationic antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system. Moreover, LpsB is critical for pathogenesis in a pulmonary model of infection. Taken together, these data define bacterial processes required for intrinsic colistin tolerance in A. baumannii and underscore the importance of outer membrane structure in both antibiotic resistance and the pathogenesis of A. baumannii.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pollard JE, Snarr J, Chaudhary V, Jennings JD, Shaw H, Christiansen B, Wright J, Jia W, Bishop RE, Savage PB. In vitro evaluation of the potential for resistance development to ceragenin CSA-13. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2665-72. [PMID: 22899801 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Though most bacteria remain susceptible to endogenous antimicrobial peptides, specific resistance mechanisms are known. As mimics of antimicrobial peptides, ceragenins were expected to retain antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, even after prolonged exposure. Serial passaging of bacteria to a lead ceragenin, CSA-13, was performed with representative pathogenic bacteria. Ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and colistin were used as comparators. The mechanisms of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria were elucidated. METHODS Susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were serially exposed to CSA-13 and comparators for 30 passages. MIC values were monitored. Alterations in the Gram-negative bacterial membrane composition were characterized via mass spectrometry and the susceptibility of antimicrobial-peptide-resistant mutants to CSA-13 was evaluated. RESULTS S. aureus became highly resistant to ciprofloxacin after <20 passages. After 30 passages, the MIC values of vancomycin and CSA-13 for S. aureus increased 9- and 3-fold, respectively. The Gram-negative organisms became highly resistant to ciprofloxacin after <20 passages. MIC values of colistin for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii increased to ≥100 mg/L after 20 passages. MIC values of CSA-13 increased to ∼20-30 mg/L and plateaued over the course of the experiment. Bacteria resistant to CSA-13 displayed lipid A modifications that are found in organisms resistant to antimicrobial peptides. CONCLUSIONS CSA-13 retained potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus over the course of 30 serial passages. Resistance generated in Gram-negative bacteria correlates with modifications to the outer membranes of these organisms and was not stable outside of the presence of the antimicrobial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake E Pollard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ouberai M, El Garch F, Bussiere A, Riou M, Alsteens D, Lins L, Baussanne I, Dufrêne YF, Brasseur R, Decout JL, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa membranes: A target for a new amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivative? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1716-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Zhou Z, Zhang W, Chen M, Pan J, Lu W, Ping S, Yan Y, Hou X, Yuan M, Zhan Y, Lin M. Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analysis of Escherichia coli expressing IrrE, a global regulator of Deinococcus radiodurans. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1613-20. [PMID: 21380435 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Deinococcus radiodurans fundamentally differ in their cell structures and gene regulations. We have previously reported that IrrE, a Deinococcus genus-specific global regulator, confers significantly enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stresses. To better understand the global effects of IrrE on the regulatory networks, we carried out combined transcriptome and proteome analysis of E. coli expressing the IrrE protein. Our analysis showed that 216 (4.8%) of all E. coli genes were induced and 149 (3.3%) genes were repressed, including those for trehalose biosynthesis, nucleotides biosynthesis, carbon source utilization, amino acid utilization, acid resistance, a hydrogenase and an oxidase. Also regulated were the EvgSA two-component system, the GadE, GadX and PurR master regulators, and 10 transcription factors (AppY, GadW, YhiF, AsnC, BetI, CynR, MhpR, PrpR, TdcA and KdgR). These results demonstrated that IrrE acts as global regulator and consequently improves abiotic stress tolerances in the heterologous host E. coli. The implication of our findings is discussed in relation to the evolutionary role of horizontal gene transfer in bacterial regulatory networks and environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new fluorescent probe for measuring polymyxin-lipopolysaccharide binding interactions. Anal Biochem 2010; 409:273-83. [PMID: 21050838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence assays employing semisynthetic or commercial dansyl-polymyxin B have been widely employed to assess the affinity of polycations, including polymyxins, for bacterial cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The five primary γ-amines on diaminobutyric acid residues of polymyxin B are potentially derivatized with dansyl-chloride. Mass spectrometric analysis of the commercial product revealed a complex mixture of di- or tetra-dansyl-substituted polymyxin B. We synthesized a mono-substituted fluorescent derivative, dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃. The affinity of polymyxin for purified gram-negative LPS and whole bacterial cells was investigated. The affinity of dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃ for LPS was comparable to polymyxin B and colistin, and considerably greater (K(d)<1 μM) than for whole cells (K(d)∼6-12μM). Isothermal titration calorimetric studies demonstrated exothermic enthalpically driven binding between both polymyxin B and dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃ to LPS, attributed to electrostatic interactions. The hydrophobic dansyl moiety imparted a greater entropic contribution to the dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃-LPS reaction. Molecular modeling revealed a loss of electrostatic contact within the dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃-LPS complex due to steric hindrance from the dansyl[Lys]¹ fluorophore; this corresponded with diminished antibacterial activity (MIC≥16μg/mL). Dansyl[Lys]¹polymyxin B₃ may prove useful as a screening tool for drug development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Alhanout K, Malesinki S, Vidal N, Peyrot V, Rolain JM, Brunel JM. New insights into the antibacterial mechanism of action of squalamine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1688-93. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Acinetobacter baumannii increases tolerance to antibiotics in response to monovalent cations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:1029-41. [PMID: 20028819 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00963-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is well adapted to the hospital environment, where infections caused by this organism are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance have been described extensively, yet the mechanisms by which A. baumannii regulates antibiotic resistance have not been defined. We sought to identify signals encountered within the hospital setting or human host that alter the resistance phenotype of A. baumannii. In this regard, we have identified NaCl as being an important signal that induces significant tolerance to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, quinolones, and colistin upon the culturing of A. baumannii cells in physiological NaCl concentrations. Proteomic analyses of A. baumannii culture supernatants revealed the release of outer membrane proteins in high NaCl, including two porins (CarO and a 33- to 36-kDa protein) whose loss or inactivation is associated with antibiotic resistance. To determine if NaCl affected expression at the transcriptional level, the transcriptional response to NaCl was determined by microarray analyses. These analyses highlighted 18 genes encoding putative efflux transporters that are significantly upregulated in response to NaCl. Consistent with this, the effect of NaCl on the tolerance to levofloxacin and amikacin was significantly reduced upon the treatment of A. baumannii with an efflux pump inhibitor. The effect of physiological concentrations of NaCl on colistin resistance was conserved in a panel of multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii, underscoring the clinical significance of these observations. Taken together, these data demonstrate that A. baumannii sets in motion a global regulatory cascade in response to physiological NaCl concentrations, resulting in broad-spectrum tolerance to antibiotics.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernández-Reyes M, Rodríguez-Falcón M, Chiva C, Pachón J, Andreu D, Rivas L. The cost of resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii: a proteomic perspective. Proteomics 2009; 9:1632-45. [PMID: 19253303 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogen of clinical concern, was induced in the susceptible strain ATCC 19606 by growth under increasing pressure of the antibiotic, the only drug universally active against multi-resistant clinical strains. In 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) experiments, 35 proteins with differences in expression between both phenotypes were identified, most of them appearing as down regulated in the colistin-resistant strain. These include outer membrane (OM) proteins, chaperones, protein biosynthesis factors, and metabolic enzymes, all suggesting substantial loss of biological fitness in the resistant phenotype, as substantiated by complementary experiments in the absence of colistin. Results shed light on the scarcity of widespread clinical outbreaks for resistant phenotypes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mortensen NP, Fowlkes JD, Sullivan CJ, Allison DP, Larsen NB, Molin S, Doktycz MJ. Effects of colistin on surface ultrastructure and nanomechanics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3728-3733. [PMID: 19227989 DOI: 10.1021/la803898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients are primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Though difficult to counteract effectively, colistin, an antimicrobial peptide, is proving useful. However, the exact mechanism of action of colistin is not fully understood. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate, in a liquid environment, the changes in P. aeruginosa morphology and nanomechanical properties due to exposure to colistin. The results of this work revealed that after 1 h of colistin exposure the ratio of individual bacteria to those found to be arrested in the process of division changed from 1.9 to 0.4 and the length of the cells decreased significantly. Morphologically, it was observed that the bacterial surface changed from a smooth to a wrinkled phenotype after 3 h exposure to colistin. Nanomechanically, in untreated bacteria, the cantilever indented the bacterial surface significantly more than it did after 1 h of colistin treatment (P-value = 0.015). Concurrently, after 2 h of exposure to colistin, a significant increase in the bacterial spring constant was also observed. These results indicate that the antimicrobial peptide colistin prevents bacterial proliferation by repressing cell division. We also found that treatment with colistin caused an increase in the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall while morphologically the cell surface changed from smooth to wrinkled, perhaps due to loss of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meredith JJ, Dufour A, Bruch MD. Comparison of the structure and dynamics of the antibiotic peptide polymyxin B and the inactive nonapeptide in aqueous trifluoroethanol by NMR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:544-51. [PMID: 19099436 DOI: 10.1021/jp808379x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of polymyxin B (PxB), an N-acylated cyclic decapeptide that displays antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, is characterized by NMR and compared to results for the inactive nonapeptide, which is missing the N-terminal amino acid along with the attached acyl chain. Aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE) was chosen as the solvent since the overall structure of PxB in TFE is similar to the structure when bound to vesicles. No differences were observed between the two peptides for (1)H H(alpha) chemical shifts or patterns of cross peaks in NOESY spectra, indicating that the overall structures are quite similar. The sign and intensity of NOESY spectra obtained at different temperatures were used to assess the relative mobility of the peptides. For both peptides, differential mobility is observed in different parts of the molecule, with greater mobility observed for the linear portion than the ring and faster motion seen for the side chains than the peptide backbone. However, all motion is faster in the nonapeptide, indicating that the presence of the N-terminal acyl chain restricts the mobility of PxB compared to the nonapeptide, which lacks this structural feature. For both peptides, differential mobility is also observed within the cyclic portion of the peptide. This supports a proposed model whereby the more rigid residues serve as pivot points, allowing the ring conformation to change in response to different binding partners. However, conformational flexibility within the cyclic ring is not sufficient for antimicrobial activity since both the active and inactive peptides exhibit the same flexibility. The N-terminal acyl chain on PxB, which is essential for activity, exhibits rapid, independent motion, and this flexibility may facilitate penetration of the outer membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Meredith
- Chemistry Department, Oswego State University, Oswego, New York 13126, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krupovic M, Daugelavicius R, Bamford DH. Polymyxin B induces lysis of marine pseudoalteromonads. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3908-14. [PMID: 17709471 PMCID: PMC2151463 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00449-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB) is a cationic antibiotic that interacts with the envelopes of gram-negative bacterial cells. The therapeutic use of PMB was abandoned for a long time due to its undesirable side effects; however, the spread of resistance to currently used antibiotics has forced the reevaluation of PMB for clinical use. Previous studies have used enteric bacteria to examine the mode of PMB action, resulting in a somewhat limited understanding of this process. This study examined the effects of PMB on marine pseudoalteromonads and demonstrates that the frequently accepted view that "what is true for Escherichia coli is true for all bacteria" does not hold true. We show here that in contrast to the growth inhibition observed for enteric bacteria, PMB induces lysis of pseudoalteromonads, which is not prevented by high concentrations of divalent cations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a high membrane voltage is required for the interaction of PMB with the cytoplasmic membranes of pseudoalteromonads, further elucidating the mechanisms by which PMB interacts with the cell envelopes of those gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mart Krupovic
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saugar JM, Rodríguez-Hernández MJ, de la Torre BG, Pachón-Ibañez ME, Fernández-Reyes M, Andreu D, Pachón J, Rivas L. Activity of cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides against colistin-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii: molecular basis for the differential mechanisms of action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1251-6. [PMID: 16569836 PMCID: PMC1426946 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.4.1251-1256.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has successfully developed resistance against all common antibiotics, including colistin (polymyxin E), the last universally active drug against this pathogen. The possible widespread distribution of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains may create an alarming clinical situation. In a previous work, we reported differences in lethal mechanisms between polymyxin B (PXB) and the cecropin A-melittin (CA-M) hybrid peptide CA(1-8)M(1-18) (KWKLFKKIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS-NH2) on colistin-susceptible strains (J. M. Saugar, T. Alarcón, S. López-Hernández, M. López-Brea, D. Andreu, and L. Rivas, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:875-878, 2002). We now demonstrate that CA(1-8)M(1-18) and three short analogues, namely CA(1-7)M(2-9) (KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL-NH2), its Nalpha-octanoyl derivative (Oct-KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL-NH2), and CA(1-7)M(5-9) (KWKLLKKIGAVLKVL-NH2) are active against two colistin-resistant clinical strains. In vitro, resistance to colistin sulfate was targeted to the outer membrane, as spheroplasts were equally lysed by a given peptide, regardless of their respective level of colistin resistance. The CA-M hybrids were more efficient than colistin in displacing lipopolysaccharide-bound dansyl-polymyxin B from colistin-resistant but not from colistin-susceptible strains. Similar improved performance of the CA-M hybrids in permeation of the inner membrane was observed, regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain. These results argue in favor of a possible use of CA-M peptides, and by extension other antimicrobial peptides with similar features, as alternative chemotherapy in colistin-resistant Acinetobacter infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Saugar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, and Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clausell A, Rabanal F, Garcia-Subirats M, Asunción Alsina M, Cajal Y. Synthesis and membrane action of polymyxin B analogues. LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:117-23. [PMID: 15924313 DOI: 10.1002/bio.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed synthetic peptides that mimic the primary and secondary structure of the cationic lipopeptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PxB) in order to determine the structural requirements for membrane action and to assess possible therapeutic potential. Two analogues with related sequences to that of PxB, but including synthetic simplifications (disulphide bridge between two cysteines in positions 4 and 10, N-terminal nonanoic acid), have been synthesized. Peptide-lipid interactions have been studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between pyrene and 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-4-bora-3alpha,4alpha-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoyl (BODIPY)probes covalently linked to phospholipids, and the possibility of membrane disruption or permeabilization has been assessed by light scattering and fluorescence quenching assays. The synthetic peptide sP-B, which closely mimics the primary and secondary structures of PxB, binds to vesicles of anionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-sn-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG) or of lipids extracted from Escherichia coli membranes, and induces apposition of the vesicles and selective lipid exchange without permeabilization of the membrane. We conclude that sP-B forms functional vesicle-vesicle contacts that are selective, as previously described for PxB. The second analogue, sP-C, has a permutation of two amino acids that breaks the hydrophobic patch formed by D-Phe and Leu residues on the cyclic part of the sequence. sP-C lipopeptide is more effective than sP-B in inducing lipid mixing, but shows no selectivity for the lipids that exchange through the vesicle-vesicle contacts, and at high concentrations has a membrane-permeabilizing effect. The deacylated and non-antibiotic derivative PxB-nonapeptide (PxB-NP) does not induce the formation of functional intervesicle contacts in the range of concentrations studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Clausell
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avn. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fehri LF, Sirand-Pugnet P, Gourgues G, Jan G, Wróblewski H, Blanchard A. Resistance to antimicrobial peptides and stress response in Mycoplasma pulmonis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:4154-65. [PMID: 16189093 PMCID: PMC1251518 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.10.4154-4165.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are widely distributed in nature, and in vertebrates, they play a key function in the innate immune defense system. It is generally agreed that these molecules may provide new antibiotics with therapeutic value. However, there are still many unsolved questions regarding the mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial activity as well as the mechanisms of resistance evolved by microorganisms against these molecules. The second point was addressed in this study. After determining the activity of 10 antimicrobial peptides against Mycoplasma pulmonis, a murine respiratory pathogen, the development of resistance was investigated. Following in vitro selection using subinhibitory concentrations of peptides, clones of this bacterium showing increased resistance to melittin or gramicidin D were obtained. For some of the clones, a cross-resistance was observed between these two peptides, in spite of their deep structural differences, and also with tetracycline. A proteomic analysis suggested that the stress response in these clones was constitutively activated, and this was confirmed by finding mutations in the hrcA gene; in mycoplasmas, bacteria which lack alternative sigma factors, the HrcA protein is supposed to play a key role as a negative regulator of heat shock proteins. By complementation of the hrcA mutants with the wild-type gene, the initial MICs of melittin and gramicidin D decreased to values close to the initial ones. This indicates that the resistance of M. pulmonis to these two antimicrobial peptides could result from a stress response involving HrcA-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fassi Fehri
- INRA Université de Bordeaux 2, UMR Génomique Développement Pouvoir Pathogène, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tomasinsig L, Scocchi M, Mettulio R, Zanetti M. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the Escherichia coli response to a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3260-7. [PMID: 15328082 PMCID: PMC514742 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.9.3260-3267.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) impair the viability of target bacteria by permeabilizing bacterial membranes. However, the proline-rich AMPs have been shown to kill susceptible organisms without causing significant membrane perturbation and may act by inhibiting the activity of bacterial targets. To gain initial insight into the events that follow interaction of a proline-rich peptide with bacterial cells, we used DNA macroarray technology to monitor transcriptional alterations of Escherichia coli in response to challenge with a subinhibitory concentration of the proline-rich Bac7(1-35). Substantial changes in the expression levels of 70 bacterial genes from various functional categories were detected. Among these, 26 genes showed decreased expression, while 44 genes, including genes that are potentially involved in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, showed increased expression. The generation of a transcriptional response under the experimental conditions used is consistent with the ability of Bac7(1-35) to interact with bacterial components and affect biological processes in this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tomasinsig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University of Udine, P. le Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Clausell A, Busquets MA, Pujol M, Alsina A, Cajal Y. Polymyxin B-lipid interactions in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers ofEscherichia coli lipids: A thermodynamic and atomic force microscopy study. Biopolymers 2004; 75:480-90. [PMID: 15526335 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dramatically increased frequency of antibiotic resistance has led to intensive efforts towards developing new families of antibiotics. Membrane-active antibiotic peptides such as polymyxin B (PxB) hold promise as the next generation of antibiotics, since they rarely spur the evolution of resistance. At low concentrations in the membrane, PxB forms vesicle-vesicle contacts and induces lipid exchange without leakage or fusion, a phenomenon that can explain its specificity towards gram-negative bacteria by contact formation between the two phospholipids interfaces in the periplasmatic space. In this work, the interaction of PxB and the nonantibiotic derivative polymyxin B nonapeptide (PxB-NP) with monolayers of Escherichia coli membrane lipids (ECL) has been studied by thermodynamic and structural methods. PxB inserts itself into ECL monolayers as a conformation that forms intermembrane contacts with vesicles injected underneath, and induces lipid exchange when the monolayer surface pressure is set at 32 mN/m (membrane equivalence pressure) or net transfer vesicle-to-monolayer at lower surface pressures. Thermodynamic analysis of the compression isotherms of mixed monolayers indicates that PxB inserts into the monolayer with an expansion of the mean molecular area, implying that peptide and lipids form nonideal mixtures. At low concentrations, corresponding to the membrane-membrane contact form of PxB, the mixed monolayers present positive excess energy values (deltaGm(Ex)), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging reveals structures of approximately 120-nm diameter that protrude from the lipid surface approximately 0.7 nm. At concentrations of PxB above 4 mol %, thermodynamic analysis gives a very high deltaGm(Ex), corresponding to nonfavorable interactions, and AFM images show round structures of 20-30 nm diameter. PxB-NP behaves in a totally different way, in agreement with its inability to form vesicle-vesicle contacts and its lack of antibiotic effect. These results are discussed in the light of the mechanism of action of PxB on the membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Clausell
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avn. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nishino K, Inazumi Y, Yamaguchi A. Global analysis of genes regulated by EvgA of the two-component regulatory system in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:2667-72. [PMID: 12670992 PMCID: PMC152604 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.8.2667-2672.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The response regulator EvgA controls expression of multiple genes conferring antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (K. Nishino and A. Yamaguchi, J. Bacteriol. 184:2319-2323, 2002). To understand the whole picture of EvgA regulation, DNA macroarray analysis of the effect of EvgA overproduction was performed. EvgA activated genes related to acid resistance, osmotic adaptation, and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Nishino
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hong RW, Shchepetov M, Weiser JN, Axelsen PH. Transcriptional profile of the Escherichia coli response to the antimicrobial insect peptide cecropin A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1-6. [PMID: 12499161 PMCID: PMC149021 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.1.1-6.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2002] [Revised: 08/23/2002] [Accepted: 10/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are believed to exert their primary activities on anionic bacterial cell membranes; however, this model does not adequately account for several important structure-activity relationships. These relationships are likely to be influenced by the bacterial response to peptide challenge. In order to characterize the genomic aspect of this response, transcription profiles were examined for Escherichia coli isolates treated with sublethal and lethal concentrations of the cationic antimicrobial peptide cecropin A. Transcript levels for 26 genes changed significantly following treatment with sublethal peptide concentrations, and half of the transcripts corresponded to protein products with unknown function. The pattern of response is distinct from that following treatment with lethal concentrations and is also distinct from the bacterial response to nutritional, thermal, osmotic, or oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that cecropin A induces a genomic response in E. coli apart from any lethal effects on the membrane and suggest that a complete understanding of its mechanism of action may require a detailed examination of this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Berg OG, Gelb MH, Tsai MD, Jain MK. Interfacial enzymology: the secreted phospholipase A(2)-paradigm. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2613-54. [PMID: 11749391 DOI: 10.1021/cr990139w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O G Berg
- Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides are an important component of host defense in animals ranging from insects to mammals. They do not target specific molecular receptors on the microbial surface, but rather assume amphipathic structures that allow them to interact directly with microbial membranes, which they can rapidly permeabilize. They are thus perceived to be one promising solution to the growing problem of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. A particularly abundant and widespread class of antimicrobial peptides are those with amphipathic, alpha-helical domains. Due to their relatively small size and synthetic accessibility, these peptides have been extensively studied and have generated a substantial amount of structure-activity relationship (SAR) data. In this review, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides are considered from the point of view of six interrelated structural and physicochemical parameters that modulate their activity and specificity: sequence, size, structuring, charge, amphipathicity, and hydrophobicity. It begins by providing an overview of how these vary in peptides from different natural sources. It then analyzes how they relate to the currently accepted model for the mode of action of alpha-helical peptides, and discusses what the numerous SAR studies that have been carried out on these compounds and their analogues can tell us. A comparative analysis of the many alpha-helical, antimicrobial peptide sequences that are now available then provides further information on how these parameters are distributed and interrelated. Finally, the systematic variation of parameters in short model peptides is used to throw light on their role in antimicrobial potency and specificity. The review concludes with some considerations on the potentials and limitations for the development of alpha-helical, antimicrobial peptides as antiinfective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tossi
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Mimics of squalamine and polymyxin B (PMB) have been prepared from cholic acid in hope of finding new antimicrobial agents. The squalamine mimics include the polyamine and sulphate functionalities found in the parent antibiotic, however, the positions relative to the steroid nucleus have been exchanged. The PMB mimics include the conservation of functionality among the polymyxin family of antibiotics, the primary amine groups and a hydrophobic chain. Although the squalamine and PMB mimics are morphologically dissimilar, they display similar activities. Both are simple to prepare and demonstrate broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Specific examples may be inactive alone, yet effectively permeabilise the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria rendering them sensitive to hydrophobic antibiotics. Problems associated with some of the squalamine and PMB mimics stem from their haemolytic activity and interactions with serum proteins, however, examples exist without these side effects which can sensitise Gram-negative bacteria to hydrophobic antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oh JT, Cajal Y, Skowronska EM, Belkin S, Chen J, Van Dyk TK, Sasser M, Jain MK. Cationic peptide antimicrobials induce selective transcription of micF and osmY in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1463:43-54. [PMID: 10631293 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as polymyxin and cecropin, activated transcription of osmY and micF in growing Escherichia coli independently of each other. The micF response required the presence of a functional rob gene. It is intriguing that in this and other assays an identical response profile was also seen with hyperosmotic salt or sucrose gradient, two of the most commonly used traditional food preservatives. The osmY and micF transcription was not induced by hypoosmotic gradient, ionophoric peptides, uncouplers, or with other classes of membrane perturbing agents. The antibacterial peptides did not promote transcription of genes that respond to macromolecular or oxidative damage, fatty acid biosynthesis, heat shock, or depletion of proton or ion gradients. These and other results show that the antibacterial cationic peptides induce stasis in the early growth phase, and the transcriptional efficacy of antibacterial peptides correlates with their minimum inhibitory concentration, and also with their ability to mediate direct exchange of phospholipids between vesicles. The significance of these results is developed as the hypothesis that the cationic peptide antimicrobials stress growth of Gram-negative organisms by making contacts between the two phospholipid interfaces in the periplasmic space and prevent the hyperosmotic wrinkling of the cytoplasmic membrane. Broader significance of these results, and of the hypothesis that the peptide mediated contacts between the periplasmic phospholipid interfaces are the primary triggers, is discussed in relation to antibacterial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liechty A, Chen J, Jain MK. Origin of antibacterial stasis by polymyxin B in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1463:55-64. [PMID: 10631294 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We show that blockage of hyperosmotic shock induced plasmolysis by polymyxin B (PxB) is related to its selective antimicrobial action against Gram-negative organisms. The rapid wrinkling of the cytoplasmic membrane induced by the hyperosmotic shrinkage of cytoplasmic volume due to the water efflux is monitored as an increase in the 90 degrees light scattering. The rapid scattering response is complete within 1 min after the addition of hyperosmolar NaCl. PxB decreases the amplitude of the rapid increase in the light scattering due to the shrinkage of the cytoplasmic volume by hyperosmotic shock. The amplitude is highest with cells in the early log phase of growth. The effect of PxB is induced rapidly and the maximum effect is seen within 1 min preincubation of cells. The effect of PxB is concentration dependent, and about 50% decrease in the amplitude is seen in the range of the growth inhibitory concentrations of PxB. The effect of PxB is not seen if added after the onset of the up-shock. As a heuristic model we suggest that PxB forms contacts between the two phospholipid interfaces that enclose the periplasmic space. The plasmolytic response results with osmY(-) mutant suggest that, like PxB, the osmY gene product in the periplasmic space prevents the shrinkage of the cytoplasmic compartment. Since PxB induces osmY transcription, we propose that, as a possible locus for the origin of the PxB induced stress, a contact between the phospholipid interfaces surrounding the periplasmic space triggers the metabolic changes leading to bacterial stasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Liechty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Bianchi AA, Baneyx F. Stress responses as a tool To detect and characterize the mode of action of antibacterial agents. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:5023-7. [PMID: 10543818 PMCID: PMC91676 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.11.5023-5027.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-copy gene fusions between the lacZ reporter gene and Escherichia coli strains containing promoters induced by cold shock (cspA), cytoplasmic stress (ibp), or protein misfolding in the cell envelope (P3rpoH) were constructed and tested to determine their ability to detect antibacterial agents while simultaneously providing information on their cellular targets. Antibiotics that affect prokaryotic ribosomes selectively induced the cspA::lacZ or ibp::lacZ gene fusion, depending on their mode of action. The membrane-damaging peptide polymyxin B induced both the P3rpoH::lacZ and ibp::lacZ fusions, while the beta-lactam antibacterial agent carbenicillin activated only the P3rpoH promoter. Nalidixic acid, a compound that causes DNA damage, downregulated beta-galactosidase synthesis from P3rpoH but had little effect on expression of the reporter enzyme from either the cspA or ibp promoter. All model antibiotics could be identified over a wide range of sublethal concentrations with signal-to-noise ratios between 2 and 11. A blue halo assay was developed to rapidly characterize the modes of action of antibacterial agents by visual inspection, and this assay was used to detect chloramphenicol secreted into the growth medium of Streptomyces venezuelae cultures. This simple system holds promise for screening natural or combinatorial libraries of antimicrobial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Bianchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oh JT, Cajal Y, Dhurjati PS, Van Dyk TK, Jain MK. Cecropins induce the hyperosmotic stress response in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1415:235-45. [PMID: 9858741 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cecropin A and B, below or near their minimum inhibitory concentrations in viable Escherichia coli, interfered with the rapid NaCl-induced hyperosmotic shrinkage of the cytoplasmic volume (plasmolysis), and also activated the promoter of the hyperosmotic stress gene osmY. The same promoter was also expressed by hyperosmolar NaCl or sucrose, two of the most commonly used antimicrobial food preservatives. Stress responses were monitored during the logarithmic growth phase of E. coli strains that contain specific promoters fused to a luxCDABE operon on a plasmid. The luminescence assay, developed to monitor the transcriptional response to stresses, is based on the premise that organisms often respond and adapt to sublethal environmental adversities by increased expression of stress proteins to restore homeostasis. The luminescence response from these fusion strains to a specific stress occurs as the transcription at the promoter site is activated. Cecropins induced luminescence response only from the osmY-luxCDABE fusion, but not the corresponding stress promoter activation associated with macromolecular or oxidative damage, or leakage of the cytoplasmic content including the proton gradient. The inhibitory effect of cecropins on plasmolysis is interpreted to suggest that the primary locus of action of these antimicrobial peptides in the periplasmic space is on the coupling between the inner and outer membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|