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Kim HD, Kim EN, Lim JH, Kim Y, Ban TH, Lee H, Kim YS, Park CW, Choi BS. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor ameliorates senescent changes of renal interstitial pericytes in aging kidney. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14075. [PMID: 38155524 PMCID: PMC10928568 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal cells that surround endothelial cells, playing a crucial role in angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Additionally, they are associated with interstitial fibrosis as a major contributor to renal myofibroblasts. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline (PTX), can ameliorate aging-related functional and histological deterioration in the kidney. We subjected aging C57BL/6 mice, dividing into young, aging, and PTX-treated aging groups. Renal function, albuminuria, and histological changes were assessed. Interstitial pericytes were assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis. We examined changes in pericytes in elderly patients using human kidney tissue obtained from healthy kidney donors for kidney transplantation. In vitro experiments with human pericytes and endothelial cells were performed. Aging mice exhibited declined renal function, increased albuminuria, and aging-related histological changes including mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Notably, number of pericytes declined in aging kidneys, and myofibroblasts increased. PTX treatment ameliorated albuminuria, histological alterations, and microvascular rarefaction, as well as modulated angiopoietin expression. In vitro experiments showed PTX reduced cellular senescence and inflammation. Human kidney analysis confirmed similar pericyte changes in aging kidneys. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PTX preserved microvascular density and improved renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in aging mice kidneys. These protective effects were suggested to be associated with the amelioration of pericytes reduction and the transition to myofibroblasts. Additionally, the upregulation of angiopoietin-1 expression may exert potential impacts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the changes in renal interstitial pericytes in aging human kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Duk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Mobayen G, Smith K, Ediriwickrema K, Starke RD, Solomonidis EG, Laffan MA, Randi AM, McKinnon TAJ. von Willebrand factor binds to angiopoietin-2 within endothelial cells and after release from Weibel-Palade bodies. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1802-1812. [PMID: 37011710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein essential for hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The majority of VWF is synthesized by endothelial cells (ECs) and stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). Among the range of proteins shown to co-localize to WPB is angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), a ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2. We have previously shown that VWF itself regulates angiogenesis, raising the hypothesis that some of the angiogenic activity of VWF may be mediated by its interaction with Angpt-2. METHODS Static-binding assays were used to probe the interaction between Angpt-2 and VWF. Binding in media from cultured human umbilical vein ECs s and in plasma was determined by immunoprecipitation experiments. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the presence of Angpt-2 on VWF strings, and flow assays were used to investigate the effect on VWF function. RESULTS Static-binding assays revealed that Angpt-2 bound to VWF with high affinity (KD,app ∼3 nM) in a pH and calcium-dependent manner. The interaction was localized to the VWF A1 domain. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the complex persisted following stimulated secretion from ECs and was present in plasma. Angpt-2 was also visible on VWF strings on stimulated ECs. The VWF-Angpt-2 complex did not inhibit the binding of Angpt-2 to Tie-2 and did not significantly interfere with VWF-platelet capture. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate a direct binding interaction between Angpt-2 and VWF that persists after secretion. VWF may act to localize Angpt-2; further work is required to establish the functional consequences of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golzar Mobayen
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Koval Smith
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kushani Ediriwickrema
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Starke
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil Georgios Solomonidis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Laffan
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A J McKinnon
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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A system pharmacology Boolean network model for the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in early sepsis. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2022; 49:645-655. [PMID: 36261775 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-022-09828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition driven by the dysregulation of the host immune response to an infection. The complex and interacting mechanisms underlying sepsis remain not fully understood. By integrating prior knowledge from literature using mathematical modelling techniques, we aimed to obtain a deeper mechanistic insight into sepsis pathogenesis and to evaluate promising novel therapeutic targets, with a focus on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated pathways. A Boolean network of regulatory relationships was developed for key immune components associated with sepsis pathogenesis after TLR4 activation. Perturbation analyses were conducted to identify therapeutic targets associated with organ dysfunction or antibacterial activity. The developed model consisted of 42 nodes and 183 interactions. Perturbation analyses suggest that over-expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or inhibition of soluble receptor sTNF-R, tissue factor, and inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12) may lead to a reduced activation of organ dysfunction related endpoints. Over-expression of complement factor C3b and C5b led to an increase in the bacterial clearance related endpoint. We identified that combinatory blockade of IFN-γ and IL-10 may reduce the risk of organ dysfunction. Finally, we found that combining antibiotic treatment with IL-1β targeted therapy may have the potential to decrease thrombosis. In summary, we demonstrate how existing biological knowledge can be effectively integrated using Boolean network analysis for hypothesis generation of potential treatment strategies and characterization of biomarker responses associated with the early inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Schneider S, Bubeck M, Rogal J, Weener HJ, Rojas C, Weiss M, Heymann M, van der Meer AD, Loskill P. Peristaltic on-chip pump for tunable media circulation and whole blood perfusion in PDMS-free organ-on-chip and Organ-Disc systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3963-3978. [PMID: 34636813 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems have become a promising tool for personalized medicine and drug development with advantages over conventional animal models and cell assays. However, the utility of OoCs in industrial settings is still limited, as external pumps and tubing for on-chip fluid transport are dependent on error-prone, manual handling. Here, we present an on-chip pump for OoC and Organ-Disc systems, to perfuse media without external pumps or tubing. Peristaltic pumping is implemented through periodic compression of a flexible pump layer. The disc-shaped, microfluidic module contains four independent systems, each lined with endothelial cells cultured under defined, peristaltic perfusion. Both cell viability and functionality were maintained over several days shown by supernatant analysis and immunostaining. Integrated, on-disc perfusion was further used for cytokine-induced cell activation with physiologic cell responses and for whole blood perfusion assays, both demonstrating the versatility of our system for OoC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marvin Bubeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Rogal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Huub J Weener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cristhian Rojas
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Peter Loskill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for in vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Xiao Y, Hu X, Fan S, Zhong J, Mo X, Liu X, Hu Y. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Suppressive Role of Retinal Neurons in Microglia Activation Under Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680947. [PMID: 34434927 PMCID: PMC8381733 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, as one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. The disease is characterized by damage to retinal vasculature, which is associated with the activation of retina microglial and induces chronic neurodegeneration. Previous studies have identified the effects of activated microglial on the retinal neurons, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying microglial activation is largely unknown. Here, we performed scRNA-seq on the retina of non-human primates with diabetes mellitus, and identified cell-type-specific molecular changes of the six major cell types. By identifying the ligand-receptor expression patterns among different cells, we established the interactome of the whole retina. The data showed that TNF-α signal mediated the activation of microglia through an autocrine manner. And we found TGFβ2, which was upregulated in cone dramatically by hyperglycemia, inhibited microglia activation at the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In summary, our study is the first to profile cell-specific molecular changes and the cell-cell interactome of retina under diabetes mellitus, paving a way to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying early-stage diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xiao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Fan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Mo
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjin Hu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136995. [PMID: 34209703 PMCID: PMC8268869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression.
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Cong L, Maishi N, Annan DA, Young MF, Morimoto H, Morimoto M, Nam JM, Hida Y, Hida K. Inhibition of stromal biglycan promotes normalization of the tumor microenvironment and enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:51. [PMID: 33966638 PMCID: PMC8108358 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biglycan is a proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix. We have previously shown that biglycan is secreted from tumor endothelial cells and induces tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the function of stroma biglycan in breast cancer is still unclear. METHODS Biglycan gene analysis and its prognostic values in human breast cancers were based on TCGA data. E0771 breast cancer cells were injected into WT and Bgn KO mice, respectively. RESULTS Breast cancer patients with high biglycan expression had worse distant metastasis-free survival. Furthermore, biglycan expression was higher in the tumor stromal compartment compared to the epithelial compartment. Knockout of biglycan in the stroma (Bgn KO) in E0771 tumor-bearing mice inhibited metastasis to the lung. Bgn KO also impaired tumor angiogenesis and normalized tumor vasculature by repressing tumor necrosis factor-ɑ/angiopoietin 2 signaling. Moreover, fibrosis was suppressed and CD8+ T cell infiltration was increased in tumor-bearing Bgn KO mice. Furthermore, chemotherapy drug delivery and efficacy were improved in vivo in Bgn KO mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeting stromal biglycan may yield a potent and superior anticancer effect in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cong
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Dorcas A Annan
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
- Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
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Thrombomodulin is essential for maintaining quiescence in vascular endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022248118. [PMID: 33836597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022248118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a thrombin receptor on endothelial cells that is involved in promoting activation of the anticoagulant protein C pathway during blood coagulation. TM also exerts protective anti-inflammatory properties through a poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we investigated the importance of TM signaling to cellular functions by deleting it from endothelial cells by CRISPR-Cas9 technology and analyzed the resultant phenotype of TM-deficient (TM -/- ) cells. Deficiency of TM in endothelial cells resulted in increased basal permeability and hyperpermeability when stimulated by thrombin and TNF-α. The loss of the basal barrier permeability function was accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and reduced polymerization of F-actin filaments at cellular junctions. A significant increase in basal NF-κB signaling and expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules was observed in TM -/- cells that resulted in enhanced adhesion of leukocytes to TM -/- cells in flow chamber experiments. There was also a marked increase in expression, storage, and release of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) and decreased storage and release of angiopoietin-2 in TM -/- cells. In a flow chamber assay, isolated platelets adhered to TM -/- cells, forming characteristic VWF-platelet strings. Increased VWF levels and inflammatory foci were also observed in the lungs of tamoxifen-treated ERcre-TMf/f mice. Reexpression of the TM construct in TM -/- cells, but not treatment with soluble TM, normalized the cellular phenotype. Based on these results, we postulate cell-bound TM endows a quiescent cellular phenotype by tightly regulating expression of procoagulant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic molecules in vascular endothelial cells.
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Leong A, Kim M. The Angiopoietin-2 and TIE Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Enhancing Antiangiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228689. [PMID: 33217955 PMCID: PMC7698611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances made in cancer treatment, the development of therapeutic resistance to anticancer drugs represents a major clinical problem that limits treatment efficacy for cancer patients. Herein, we focus on the response and resistance to current antiangiogenic drugs and immunotherapies and describe potential strategies for improved treatment outcomes. Antiangiogenic treatments that mainly target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling have shown efficacy in many types of cancer. However, drug resistance, characterized by disease recurrence, has limited therapeutic success and thus increased our urgency to better understand the mechanism of resistance to inhibitors of VEGF signaling. Moreover, cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which stimulate antitumor immunity, have also demonstrated a remarkable clinical benefit in the treatment of many aggressive malignancies. Nevertheless, the emergence of resistance to immunotherapies associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has restricted therapeutic response, necessitating the development of better therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy in patients. Angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), which binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2 in endothelial cells, is a cooperative driver of angiogenesis and vascular destabilization along with VEGF. It has been suggested in multiple preclinical studies that ANG2-mediated vascular changes contribute to the development and persistence of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Further, emerging evidence suggests a fundamental link between vascular abnormalities and tumor immune evasion, supporting the rationale for combination strategies of immunotherapy with antiangiogenic drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent mechanistic and clinical advances in targeting angiopoietin signaling, focusing on ANG2 inhibition, to enhance therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic and ICI therapies. In short, we propose that a better mechanistic understanding of ANG2-mediated vascular changes will provide insight into the significance of ANG2 in treatment response and resistance to current antiangiogenic and ICI therapies. These advances will ultimately improve therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.
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Scheck M, Velten M, Klaschik S, Soehle M, Frede S, Gehlen J, Hoch J, Mustea A, Hoeft A, Hilbert T. Differential modulation of endothelial cell function by fresh frozen plasma. Life Sci 2020; 254:117780. [PMID: 32407844 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In vivo studies suggest a positive influence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on endothelial properties and vascular barrier function, leading to improved outcomes in animal sepsis models as well as in major abdominal surgery. However, those effects are incompletely described. It was our aim to evaluate in vitro effects of FFP on endothelial key functions and to identify underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were prestimulated with LPS, followed by incubation with FFP. Permeability for FITC-dextran was assessed, and intercellular gap formation was visualized. NF-κB nuclear translocation and expression of pro-inflammatory, pro-adhesion, and leakage-related genes were evaluated, and monocyte adhesion to ECs was assessed. Intracellular cAMP levels as well as phosphorylation of functional proteins were analyzed. In patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, Syndecan-1 serum levels were assessed prior to and following FFP transfusion. KEY FINDINGS Post-incubation of HPMVECs with FFP increased intracellular cAMP levels that had been decreased by preceding LPS stimulation. On one hand, this reduced endotoxin-mediated upregulation of IL-8, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VEGF, and ANG-2. Impaired phosphorylation of functional proteins was restored, and intercellular cohesion and barrier function were rescued. On the other hand, NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as monocyte adhesion was markedly increased by the combination of LPS and FFP. Syndecan-1 serum levels were lower in surgery patients that were transfused with FFP compared to those that were not. SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide evidence for a differential modulation of crucial endothelial properties by FFP, potentially mediated by elevation of intracellular cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Scheck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Klaschik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Soehle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gehlen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Hoch
- Institute for Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hilbert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Umapathy A, Chamley LW, James JL. Reconciling the distinct roles of angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors in the placenta and maternal circulation of normal and pathological pregnancies. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:105-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gutbier B, Neuhauß AK, Reppe K, Ehrler C, Santel A, Kaufmann J, Scholz M, Weissmann N, Morawietz L, Mitchell TJ, Aliberti S, Hippenstiel S, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M. Prognostic and Pathogenic Role of Angiopoietin-1 and -2 in Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:220-231. [PMID: 29447449 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1733oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE During pneumonia, pathogen-host interaction evokes inflammation and lung barrier dysfunction. Tie2 activation by angiopoietin-1 reduces, whereas Tie2 blockade by angiopoietin-2 increases, inflammation and permeability during sepsis. The role of angiopoietin-1/-2 in pneumonia remains unidentified. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prognostic and pathogenic impact of angiopoietins in regulating pulmonary vascular barrier function and inflammation in bacterial pneumonia. METHODS Serum angiopoietin levels were quantified in pneumonia patients of two independent cohorts (n = 148, n = 395). Human postmortem lung tissue, pneumolysin- or angiopoietin-2-stimulated endothelial cells, isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs, and mice with pneumococcal pneumonia were investigated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In patients with pneumonia, decreased serum angiopoietin-1 and increased angiopoietin-2 levels were observed as compared with healthy subjects. Higher angiopoietin-2 serum levels were found in patients with community-acquired pneumonia who died within 28 days of diagnosis compared with survivors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed improved prognostic accuracy of CURB-65 for 28-day survival, intensive care treatment, and length of hospital stay if combined with angiopoietin-2 serum levels. In vitro, pneumolysin enhanced endothelial angiopoietin-2 release, angiopoietin-2 increased endothelial permeability, and angiopoietin-1 reduced pneumolysin-evoked endothelial permeability. Ventilated and perfused lungs of mice with angiopoietin-2 knockdown showed reduced permeability on pneumolysin stimulation. Increased pulmonary angiopoietin-2 and reduced angiopoietin-1 mRNA expression were observed in Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected mice. Finally, angiopoietin-1 therapy reduced inflammation and permeability in murine pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a central role of angiopoietin-1/-2 in pneumonia-evoked inflammation and permeability. Increased angiopoietin-2 serum levels predicted mortality and length of hospital stay, and angiopoietin-1 may provide a therapeutic target for severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Gutbier
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Inflammation and.,2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Neuhauß
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Inflammation and.,2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Ehrler
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Scholz
- 4 Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- 5 Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Morawietz
- 6 Pathology, Healthcare Center Fuerstenberg-Karree, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- 7 Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- 8 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,9 CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Inflammation and.,2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,9 CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
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Li R, Liu Y, Li L, Zhang R, Tang Y. p120 inhibits LPS/TNFα-induced endothelial Ang2 synthesis and release in an NF-κB independent fashion. Cytokine 2019; 123:154786. [PMID: 31352174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junction protein p120 is thought to be crucial for maintaining vascular integrity, which is important in many pathologies and diseases including atherosclerosis, vascular malformations, hemorrhagic stroke, sepsis and others. However, the mechanisms responsible for this is not completely understood. In this study, using an unbiased proteomics approach, followed by other experimental techniques, we identified that in HUVECs p120 overexpression inhibits LPS/TNFα-induced angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) expression, a key switch of endothelial destabilization. Interestingly, p120 overexpression did not inhibit LPS/TNFα-induced expression of adhesion molecules/cytokines including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6 in our experimental system. Furthermore, this p120-mediated repression of Ang2 is in an NF-κB independent manner, possibly via transcription factor Ets1. Our results demonstrate that p120 influences vascular integrity by secreted signals, providing new insights into the mechanisms of p120-mediated vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaoqing Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Jian W, Mo CH, Yang GL, Li L, Gui C. Angiopoietin-2 provides no incremental predictive value for the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease over N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22972. [PMID: 31257664 PMCID: PMC6805287 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using circulating biomarkers as a noninvasive method to assist the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) is beneficial for reducing the unnecessary diagnostic cardiac catheterization. This study aimed to assess the predictive role of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) for the presence of obstructive coronary stenosis as compared with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with symptoms of CAD. METHODS The study enrolled 222 consecutive symptomatic patients who underwent elective diagnostic cardiac catheterization from July to December 2018. Blood samples were collected in the first morning after admission. The severity of coronary stenosis was assessed by coronary angiography. The obstructive CAD was defined as stenosis ≥50% of the left main coronary artery or stenosis ≥70% of a major epicardial vessel (left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery and right coronary artery). RESULTS Patients with obstructive CAD (n = 120) had significantly higher levels of Ang-2 and NT-proBNP compared with those without. In multivariable regression analysis, only NT-proBNP levels were independently associated with Ang-2 levels. NT-proBNP was superior to Ang-2 as a predictor for the presence of obstructive CAD (NT-proBNP, area under curve [AUC] = 0.733, vs Ang-2, AUC = 0.626, P = 0.004). In multiple logistic regression analysis, NT-proBNP, but not Ang-2, was the independent predictor of obstructive CAD. The combination of Ang-2 with NT-proBNP did not provide the incremental value over NT-proBNP alone. CONCLUSION Serum Ang-2 levels are associated with NT-proBNP levels in patients suspected for CAD. NT-proBNP is superior to Ang-2 as a predictor for the presence of obstructive CAD. However, Ang-2 does not further increase diagnostic accuracy on top of NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Hua Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Guo-Liang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
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15
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Jian W, Li L, Wei XM, Guan JH, Yang GL, Gui C. Serum angiopoietin-2 concentrations of post-PCI are correlated with the parameters of renal function in patients with coronary artery disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13960. [PMID: 30608432 PMCID: PMC6344115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently have comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their renal function may deteriorate because of the use of contrast agent after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), which is highly expressed in the site of angiogenesis, plays an important role in both CAD and CKD. This study aimed to investigate the relation of serum Ang-2 concentrations with the renal function after PCI.This study enrolled 57 patients with CAD undergoing PCI. Blood samples for Ang-2 were collected in the first morning after admission and within 24 to 48 h after PCI. The parameters of renal function (serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR) were tested on the first day after admission and within 72 h after PCI.Overall, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI were significantly lower than those of pre-PCI [median, 1733 (IQR, 1100-2568) vs median, 2523 (IQR, 1702-3640) pg/mL; P < .001]. However, in patients with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m), there was no significant difference between serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI and those of pre-PCI [median, 2851 (IQR, 1720-4286) vs. median, 2492 (IQR, 1434-4994) pg/mL; P = .925]. In addition, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI, but not pre-PCI, were significantly correlated with the post-PCI parameters of renal function.Serum Ang-2 concentrations of post-PCI are closely related to renal function in patients with CAD. It may have potential to be the early biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Xiao-Min Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou
| | - Jia-Hui Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Liang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
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16
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Ebihara I, Hirayama K, Nagai M, Shiina E, Koda M, Gunji M, Okubo Y, Sato C, Usui J, Yamagata K, Kobayashi M. Angiopoietin Balance in Septic Shock Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: Effects of Direct Hemoperfusion With Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber. Ther Apher Dial 2017; 20:368-75. [PMID: 27523077 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 50% of patients in septic shock, and mortality from septic AKI is extremely high. Angiopoietin levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular permeability. It was reported that direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (DHP-PMX) therapy ameliorates the angiopoietin balance in patients with sepsis. Although dysregulated angiopoietin balance in sepsis has been demonstrated, mechanisms underlying the development of AKI in sepsis have not been identified. We investigated angiopoietin levels in septic patients with/without AKI treated with DHP-PMX therapy. We used an enzyme-linked immunoassay to measure serum angiopoietin-1 and -2 levels in 38 septic shock patients treated with DHP-PMX. The renal function of all patients was normal for less than 3 months. Twenty-seven of the patients were diagnosed with AKI. The angiopoietin-1 level of the AKI group was significantly lower than that of the non-AKI group at the initiation of DHP-PMX therapy, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of DHP-PMX therapy. In the AKI group with recovery, the mean angiopoietin-1 level at the end of DHP-PMX therapy was significantly elevated compared to the level before DHP-PMX therapy, and the mean angiopoietin-2 level at the end of DHP-PMX therapy was significantly decreased compared to the level before DHP-PMX therapy. These results suggest that angiopoietins may play a role in the pathogenesis of AKI and that DHP-PMX therapy may ameliorate the angiopoietin balance in AKI patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Ebihara
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hirayama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miho Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Shiina
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Koda
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Gunji
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Okubo
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Joichi Usui
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tumor necrosis factor-α levels and non-surgical bleeding in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 37:107-115. [PMID: 28651907 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical bleeding (NSB) due to angiodysplasia is common in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. Thrombin-induced angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression in LVAD patients leads to altered angiogenesis and is associated with lower angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and increased NSB. However, the mechanism for decreased Ang-1, made by pericytes, is unknown and the origin of thrombin in LVAD patients is unclear. We hypothesized that high tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in LVAD patients induce pericyte apoptosis, tissue factor (TF) expression and vascular instability. METHODS We incubated cultured pericytes with serum from patients with heart failure (HF), LVAD or orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), with or without TNF-α blockade. We performed several measurements: Ang-1 expression was assessed by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and pericyte death fluorescently; TF expression was assessed by RT-PCR in cultured endothelial cells incubated with patient plasma with or without TNF-α blockade; and TF expression was assessed in endothelial biopsy samples from these patients by immunofluorescence. We incubated cultured endothelial cells on Matrigel with patient serum with or without TNF-α blockade and determined tube formation by microscopy. RESULTS Serum from LVAD patients had higher levels of TNF-α, suppressed Ang-1 expression in pericytes, and induced pericyte death, and there was accelerated endothelial tube formation compared with serum from patients without LVADs. TF was higher in both plasma and endothelial cells from LVAD patients, and plasma from LVAD patients induced more endothelial TF expression. All of these effects were reversed or reduced with TNF-α blockade. High levels of TNF-α were associated with increased risk of NSB. CONCLUSIONS Elevated TNF-α in LVAD patients is a central regulator of altered angiogenesis, pericyte apoptosis and expression of TF and Ang-1.
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Systemic angiopoietin-1/2 dysregulation following cardiopulmonary bypass in adults. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO166. [PMID: 28344829 PMCID: PMC5351704 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular leakage following cardiopulmonary bypass contributes to morbidity. Angiopoietin-1 and -2 are biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. Our aim was to characterize Ang-1 and -2 association with clinical characteristics and outcomes. METHODS Observational cohort study measuring Ang-1/-2 with a panel of cytokines in adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS Ang-2 levels increased immediately postop whereas Ang-1 levels decreased over time. No significant correlation was found with other inflammatory mediators. High correlation was found between the hospital length of stay and Ang-2 increase at 24 h (rho = 0.590; p < 0.0001). The predictors of Ang-2 increase were female gender, cross clamp time, transfusion of blood and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor as a pre-op medication. CONCLUSION Angiopoietins can detect vascular leakage early and could impact patient's management to decrease length of stay after cardiac surgery.
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19
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Hennings A, Hannemann A, Rettig R, Dörr M, Nauck M, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Lieb W, Friedrich N. Circulating Angiopoietin-2 and Its Soluble Receptor Tie-2 Concentrations Are Related to Renal Function in Two Population-Based Cohorts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166492. [PMID: 27893762 PMCID: PMC5125582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An intact angiopoietin/Tie-2 ligand receptor system is indispensable for life. High circulating angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations are strongly associated with kidney disease involving the progressive loss of glomerular filtration. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between renal function and serum Ang-2 or serum Tie-2 concentrations in the general population. Methods Data of 3081 and 4088 subjects from two population-based studies, the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) and SHIP-Trend, were used. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, cystatin C concentration, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR(crea)], cystatin C-based eGFR [eGFR(cys)] and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Analyses of variance and linear regression models were calculated. Results In both cohorts, strong positive associations between serum cystatin C concentrations and serum Ang-2 or Tie-2 concentrations as well as inverse associations between eGFR(cys) and serum Ang-2 or Tie-2 concentrations were found. These relations were also present in a subpopulation without hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2. Furthermore, we detected weak U-shaped associations between serum creatinine concentrations or eGFR(crea) and serum Ang-2 concentrations. With respect to uACR a strong positive association with serum Ang-2 concentrations was revealed. Conclusion Serum Ang-2 concentrations are strongly associated with sensitive parameters of renal impairment like serum cystatin C, uACR and eGFR(cys). These findings persisted even after exclusion of subjects with hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2, conditions that predispose to chronic renal disease and are associated with increased Ang-2 concentrations. Interestingly, we did not detect the same strong relations between serum creatinine and eGFR(crea) with serum Ang-2 concentration. Additionally, significant association of serum Tie-2 concentrations with cystatin C and eGFR(cys) were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hennings
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Chen Z, Zhu S, Hong J, Soutto M, Peng D, Belkhiri A, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Gastric tumour-derived ANGPT2 regulation by DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis. Gut 2016; 65:925-34. [PMID: 25779598 PMCID: PMC4573388 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32), and its truncated isoform (t-DARPP) are associated with gastric tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of DARPP-32 proteins in regulating angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and promoting tumour angiogenesis. DESIGN Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and angiogenesis assays were applied to investigate the regulation of angiogenesis by DARPP-32 proteins. RESULTS Overexpression of DARPP-32 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of ANGPT2 in gastric cancer cells. The overexpression of DARPP-32 T34A mutant or the N-terminal truncated isoform, t-DARPP, led to similar effects ruling out the T34-dependent regulation of protein phosphatase 1 activity in regulating ANGPT2. DARPP-32 proteins induced a secreted form of ANGPT2, which was detectable in the media, functionally active, and able to induce angiogenesis, measured by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay. Antibody blocking of the secreted ANGPT2 abrogated its function. To identify the mechanism by which DARPP-32 regulates ANGPT2, we examined the activities of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), known regulators of angiogenesis. The results ruled out NF-κB and showed induction of STAT3 phosphorylation, activation and nuclear localisation. Inhibition or knockdown of STAT3 significantly attenuated the induction of ANGPT2 by DARPP-32 proteins. In vivo xenograft models demonstrated that overexpression of DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth. Analyses of human gastric cancer tissues showed a strong correlation between DARPP-32 and ANGPT2. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings establish the role of DARPP-32-STAT3 axis in regulating ANGPT2 in cancer cells to promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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Disruption of vascular endothelial homeostasis in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated macrophage activation syndrome: The dynamic roles of angiopoietin-1 and -2. Cytokine 2016; 80:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Shimizu M, Inoue N, Kuroda M, Mizuta M, Sugimoto N, Kaneda H, Ohta K, Yachie A. Angiopoietin-1 and -2 as markers for disease severity in hemolytic uremic syndrome induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 21:76-82. [PMID: 26945868 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and -2 play important roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the roles of angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and -2 and to investigate the clinical significance of their serum levels in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). METHODS Twenty patients with HUS and 15 healthy controls were studied. Serum Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the clinical features of HUS. RESULTS During the HUS phase, serum Ang-1 levels were significantly decreased, whereas serum Ang-2 levels and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were significantly elevated. Compared with patients without encephalopathy, serum Ang-2 levels and Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were significantly elevated in patients with encephalopathy. Patients with HUS and serum Ang-2 levels of >7061 pg/mL or Ang2/Ang1 ratios of >2.29 were at high risk of encephalopathy. Serum Ang-1 levels were significantly decreased in patients in the pre-HUS phase compared with those in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Disruption of homeostasis of vascular endothelial function by Ang-1 and -2 may be closely associated with the development of HUS. Serum Ang-1 and -2 levels and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio may be promising indicators of disease activity in HUS and the development of encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mao Mizuta
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kaneda
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Le CTK, Laidlaw G, Morehouse CA, Naiman B, Brohawn P, Mustelin T, Connor JR, McDonald DM. Synergistic actions of blocking angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α in suppressing remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics in airway inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2949-68. [PMID: 26348576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics are prominent features of sustained inflammation. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2)/Tie2 receptor signaling and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)/TNF receptor signaling are known to contribute to these changes in airway inflammation after Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice. We determined whether Ang2 and TNF are both essential for the remodeling on blood vessels and lymphatics, and thereby influence the actions of one another. Their respective contributions to the initial stage of vascular remodeling and sprouting lymphangiogenesis were examined by comparing the effects of function-blocking antibodies to Ang2 or TNF, given individually or together during the first week after infection. As indices of efficacy, vascular enlargement, endothelial leakiness, venular marker expression, pericyte changes, and lymphatic vessel sprouting were assessed. Inhibition of Ang2 or TNF alone reduced the remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics, but inhibition of both together completely prevented these changes. Genome-wide analysis of changes in gene expression revealed synergistic actions of the antibody combination over a broad range of genes and signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that Ang2 and TNF are essential and synergistic drivers of remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics during the initial stage of inflammation after infection. Inhibition of Ang2 and TNF together results in widespread suppression of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T K Le
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Grace Laidlaw
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Brian Naiman
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Donald M McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Angiopoietin/Tie2 Dysbalance Is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery Assisted by Cardiopulmonary Bypass. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136205. [PMID: 26309217 PMCID: PMC4550386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is not completely understood. Recent evidence suggests a pivotal role for the endothelium in AKI. In experimental models of AKI, the endothelial specific receptor Tie2 with its ligands Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and Ang2 are deranged. This study investigates their status after cardiac surgery, and a possible relation between angiopoietins and AKI. METHODS From a cohort of 541 patients that underwent cardiac surgery, blood and urine was collected at 5 predefined time points. From this cohort we identified 21 patients who had at least 50% post-operative serum creatinine increase (AKI). We constructed a control group (n = 21) using propensity matching. Systemic levels of Ang1, Ang2, and sTie2 were measured in plasma and the AKI markers albumin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured in the urine. RESULTS Ang2 plasma levels increased over time in AKI (from 4.2 to 11.6 ng/ml) and control patients (from 3.0 to 6.7 ng/ml). Ang2 levels increased 1.7-fold more in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery compared to matched control patients. Plasma levels of sTie2 decreased 1.6-fold and Ang1 decreased 3-fold over time in both groups, but were not different between AKI and controls (Ang1 P = 0.583 and sTie2 P = 0.679). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between plasma levels of Ang2 and urinary levels of NAG. CONCLUSIONS The endothelial Ang/Tie2 system is in dysbalance in patients that develop AKI after cardiac surgery compared to matched control patients.
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Karakus S, Bozoklu Akkar O, Yildiz C, Sancakdar E, Cetin M, Cetin A. Serum levels of ET-1, M30, and angiopoietins-1 and -2 in HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia compared to controls. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:351-9. [PMID: 26138305 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the serum levels of ET-1, M30, and Angs-1 and -2 in patients with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, and normal controls. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 74 pregnant women, serum levels of ET-1, M30, and Angs-1 and -2 were measured in preeclamptic patients with or without HELLP syndrome. 74 pregnant women; 37 had healthy pregnancies, 25 had preeclampsia (PE), and 12 had HELLP syndrome. RESULTS The age, body mass index, gravidity, and parity of patients with normal pregnancy, PE, and HELLP syndrome were comparable (p > 0.05). In HELLP syndrome, compared to healthy or preeclamptic pregnancies, platelet count was lower (p < 0.05) and the values of hepatic function tests were higher (p < 0.05). In HELLP syndrome, ET-1, M30, and Ang-2 were higher compared to healthy or preeclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05); however, they increased in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to healthy pregnancies though not significant (p > 0.05). In PE or HELLP syndrome, Ang-1 was higher compared to a healthy pregnancy (p < 0.05); however, in HELLP syndrome, it was also higher than in PE though not significant (p > 0.05). We found no significant correlation among these biomarkers and hematological and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION For the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome, increased levels of ET-1, M30, and Angs-1 and -2 appear as promising biomarkers after determination of their standardized threshold levels after further studies. As an apoptosis-related biomarker, serum M30 level has a merit to be the most promising test for prediction or differential diagnosis of HELLP syndrome in PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Karakus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Bozoklu Akkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Caglar Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Enver Sancakdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Meral Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ali Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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Balaiya S, Grant MB, Priluck J, Chalam KV. Growth factors/chemokines in diabetic vitreous and aqueous alter the function of bone marrow-derived progenitor (CD34⁺) cells in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E695-702. [PMID: 25159325 PMCID: PMC4200305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00253.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocular ischemic microenvironment plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we investigated the effect of vitreous and aqueous obtained from proliferative DR patients on the function of CD34⁺ cells derived from healthy humans. Human CD34⁺ cells were incubated with vitreous or aqueous of subjects with PDR. After incubation, cell migration of CD34⁺ was evaluated with CXCL12. Intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured with DAF-FM. Tube formation assay was used to evaluate the effect of treated CD34⁺ cells on in vitro angiogenesis. Angiogenic protein array and mass spectrometry (MS) were performed to ascertain the factors secreted by healthy nondiabetic CD34⁺ cells exposed to diabetic vitreous or aqueous. PDR vitreous/aqueous reduced migration of CD34⁺ cells (672.45 ± 42.1/736.75 ± 101.7 AFU; P < 0.01) and attenuated intracellular NO levels (182 ± 1.4/184.5 ± 6.3 AFU, P = 0.002). Pretreatment with PDR vitreous suppressed tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells (64 ± 1.6 vs. 80 ± 2.5). CD34⁺ exposed to PDR vitreous resulted in the increased expression of CXCL4 and serpin F1, whereas CD34⁺ exposed to PDR aqueous showed increased expression of CXCL4, serpin F1, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). MS analysis of CD34⁺ (exposed to PDR vitreous) expressed J56 gene segment, isoform 2 of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2, isoform 1 of uncharacterized protein c1 orf167, integrin α-M, and 40s ribosomal protein s21. Exposure of healthy nondiabetic CD34⁺ cells to PDR vitreous and aqueous resulted in decreased migration, reduced generation of NO, and altered paracrine secretory function. Our results suggest that the contribution of CD34⁺ cells to the aberrant neovascularization observed in PDR is driven more by the proangiogenic effects of the retinal cells rather than the influence of the vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarathi Balaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joshua Priluck
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Kakarla V Chalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida; and
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Gomes LT, Alves-Junior ER, Rodrigues-Jesus C, Nery AF, Gasquez-Martin TO, Fontes CJ. Angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 ratio as indicators of potential severity of Plasmodium vivax malaria in patients with thrombocytopenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109246. [PMID: 25275496 PMCID: PMC4183553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) are biomarkers produced during activation and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium in several infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 and to establish their relationship with the main indicators of worst-case prognosis in patients with P. vivax malaria. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study nested within a cohort of symptomatic malaria patients. A potentially severe case was defined as a patient that presented at least one of the main indicators of the worst-case prognosis for falciparum malaria, as established by the World Health Organization. Ang-2 and Ang-1 and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were used to analyze the role of angiopoietins as biomarkers in signaling potentially severe vivax malaria. ROC curves were generated to identify a cut-off point discriminating between the angiopoietin concentrations that were most strongly associated with potential infection severity. Results The serum levels of Ang-2 and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were higher in the case group. In contrast, the serum levels of Ang-1 were lower in the cases than in the control patients. The blood count for platelets showed a positive correlation with Ang-1 and a negative correlation with Ang-2 and with the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for serum angiopoietins, as an indicator of worst-case prognosis in a potentially severe P. vivax malarial infection, was larger in the subgroup of patients with platelet counts <75,000/µL. Conclusion This study showed that patients with predictors of worst-case prognoses for P. vivax malaria have lower Ang-1 and higher Ang-2 serum levels (and higher values for the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio) than controls. Elevated serum levels of Ang-2 and high values for the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio may potentially be used as predictors of worst-case prognoses for P. vivax malaria, especially in patients with thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Teixeira Gomes
- Hospital Julio Müller, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
- Univag University Centre, Varzea Grande, Brazil
- Facimed Cacoal Faculty of Medicine, Cacoal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andreia Ferreira Nery
- Hospital Julio Müller, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
- Facimed Cacoal Faculty of Medicine, Cacoal, Brazil
| | | | - Cor Jesus Fontes
- Hospital Julio Müller, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Baluk P, Phillips K, Yao LC, Adams A, Nitschké M, McDonald DM. Neutrophil dependence of vascular remodeling after Mycoplasma infection of mouse airways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1877-89. [PMID: 24726646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a feature of sustained inflammation in which capillaries enlarge and acquire the phenotype of venules specialized for plasma leakage and leukocyte recruitment. We sought to determine whether neutrophils are required for vascular remodeling in the respiratory tract by using Mycoplasma pulmonis infection as a model of sustained inflammation in mice. The time course of vascular remodeling coincided with the influx of neutrophils during the first few days after infection and peaked at day 5. Depletion of neutrophils with antibody RB6-8C5 or 1A8 reduced neutrophil influx and vascular remodeling after infection by about 90%. Similarly, vascular remodeling after infection was suppressed in Cxcr2(-/-) mice, in which neutrophils adhered to the endothelium of venules but did not extravasate into the tissue. Expression of the venular adhesion molecule P-selectin increased in endothelial cells from day 1 to day 3 after infection, as did expression of the Cxcr2-receptor ligands Cxcl1 and Cxcl2. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression increased more than sixfold in the trachea of wild-type and Cxcr2(-/-) mice, but intratracheal administration of TNFα did not induce vascular remodeling similar to that seen in infection. We conclude that neutrophil influx is required for remodeling of capillaries into venules in the airways of mice with Mycoplasma infection and that TNFα signaling is necessary but not sufficient for vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Keeley Phillips
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Li-Chin Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alicia Adams
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maximilian Nitschké
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Negrão R, Duarte D, Costa R, Soares R. Isoxanthohumol modulates angiogenesis and inflammation via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappa B pathways. Biofactors 2013; 39:608-22. [PMID: 23904052 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and inflammation are becoming distinguished players in the pathogenesis of many heterogeneous diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to study new compounds that are able to modulate these events. Isoxanthohumol (IXN) is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IXN on blood vessel proliferation and maturation and describe underlying molecular mechanisms in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Angiogenic profile of IXN was analyzed by retinal angiogenesis at different time points. IXN modulation of angiogenic and inflammatory signaling pathways was evaluated by Western blotting on EC and VSMC cultures. IXN inhibited by 20% sprouting angiogenesis and decreased vascular coverage by mural cells up to 39%. IXN of 10 µM also decreased inflammatory signals, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (26 and 40%) and factor nuclear kappa B (24 and 42%) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Angiogenic regulators, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (HUVEC, 55%), angiopoietins 1 (HUVEC, 39%; HASMC, 35%), angiopoietin 2 (HUVEC, 38%), and Tie2 (HUVEC, 56%) were also inhibited by 10 µM of IXN treatments. Akt activation was reduced by 47% in HUVEC-treated cells and Erk activation was also reduced by 52 and 69% upon IXN treatment of HUVEC and HASMC. IXN seems to regulate in vivo vascular proliferation and stabilization and the EC-VSMC-inflammatory crosstalk, leaving this molecule as an interesting nutritional player for angiogenesis and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Negrão
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Beckman SA, Chen WCW, Tang Y, Proto JD, Mlakar L, Wang B, Huard J. Beneficial effect of mechanical stimulation on the regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells is lost by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2004-12. [PMID: 23723372 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that mechanical stimulation increased the effectiveness of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) for tissue repair. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on mechanically stimulated MDSCs in a murine model of muscle regeneration. APPROACH AND RESULTS MDSCs were transduced with retroviral vectors encoding the LacZ reporter gene (lacZ-MDSCs), the soluble VEGF receptor Flt1 (sFlt1-MDSCs), or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting messenger RNA of VEGF (shRNA_VEGF MDSCs). Cells were subjected to 24 hours of mechanical cyclic strain and immediately transplanted into the gastrocnemius muscles of mdx/scid mice. Two weeks after transplantation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and regeneration were analyzed. There was an increase in angiogenesis in the muscles transplanted with mechanically stimulated lacZ-MDSCs compared with nonstimulated lacZ-MDSCs, sFlt1-MDSCs, and shRNA _VEGF MDSCs. Dystrophin-positive myofiber regeneration was significantly lower in the shRNA_VEGF-MDSC group compared with the lacZ-MDSC and sFlt1-MDSC groups. In vitro proliferation of MDSCs was not decreased by inhibition of VEGF; however, differentiation into myotubes and adhesion to collagen were significantly lower in the shRNA_VEGF-MDSC group compared with the lacZ-MDSC and sFlt1-MDSC groups. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of mechanical stimulation on MDSC-mediated muscle repair are lost by inhibiting VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Beckman
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Wang X, Yong H, Mi L, Bai Y, Guo L, Gao W, Cui M, Zhang Y. Changes and significance of serum angiopoietin-2 levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Biomarkers 2013. [PMID: 23190218 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.727028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. To investigate angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) profiles, we evaluated serum Ang-2 levels in different types of CHD in 166 subjects. Ang-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with CHD and gradually increased with advance of CHD. Ang-2 was positively correlated with Gensini scores and hs-CRP. Ang-2 might have potential implication in detecting and monitoring the progression of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Zheng X, Young Koh G, Jackson T. A continuous model of angiogenesis: Initiation, extension, and maturation of new blood vessels modulated by vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and pericytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Appleby SL, Cockshell MP, Pippal JB, Thompson EJ, Barrett JM, Tooley K, Sen S, Sun WY, Grose R, Nicholson I, Levina V, Cooke I, Talbo G, Lopez AF, Bonder CS. Characterization of a distinct population of circulating human non-adherent endothelial forming cells and their recruitment via intercellular adhesion molecule-3. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46996. [PMID: 23144795 PMCID: PMC3492591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating vascular progenitor cells contribute to the pathological vasculogenesis of cancer whilst on the other hand offer much promise in therapeutic revascularization in post-occlusion intervention in cardiovascular disease. However, their characterization has been hampered by the many variables to produce them as well as their described phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Herein we have isolated, enriched for and then characterized a human umbilical cord blood derived CD133+ population of non-adherent endothelial forming cells (naEFCs) which expressed the hematopoietic progenitor cell markers (CD133, CD34, CD117, CD90 and CD38) together with mature endothelial cell markers (VEGFR2, CD144 and CD31). These cells also expressed low levels of CD45 but did not express the lymphoid markers (CD3, CD4, CD8) or myeloid markers (CD11b and CD14) which distinguishes them from ‘early’ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Functional studies demonstrated that these naEFCs (i) bound Ulex europaeus lectin, (ii) demonstrated acetylated-low density lipoprotein uptake, (iii) increased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) surface expression in response to tumor necrosis factor and (iv) in co-culture with mature endothelial cells increased the number of tubes, tubule branching and loops in a 3-dimensional in vitro matrix. More importantly, naEFCs placed in vivo generated new lumen containing vasculature lined by CD144 expressing human endothelial cells (ECs). Extensive genomic and proteomic analyses of the naEFCs showed that intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3 is expressed on their cell surface but not on mature endothelial cells. Furthermore, functional analysis demonstrated that ICAM-3 mediated the rolling and adhesive events of the naEFCs under shear stress. We suggest that the distinct population of naEFCs identified and characterized here represents a new valuable therapeutic target to control aberrant vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Appleby
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaelia P. Cockshell
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jyotsna B. Pippal
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma J. Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Barrett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Tooley
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaundeep Sen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wai Yan Sun
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Randall Grose
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Nicholson
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vitalina Levina
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gert Talbo
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angel F. Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australian Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Thurston G, Daly C. The complex role of angiopoietin-2 in the angiopoietin-tie signaling pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:a006550. [PMID: 22951441 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The angiopoietin-Tie signaling system is a vascular-specific receptor tyrosine kinase pathway that is essential for normal vascular development. Although the basic functioning of the pathway is understood, many uncertainties remain about the role of certain members of the pathway, particularly angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), in pathological vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. We summarize the components of the angiopoietin-Tie pathway and then focus on studies that highlight the role of Ang2 in disease settings, including cancer and inflammation. The expression of Ang2 is elevated in many cancers and types of inflammation, which prompted the development of specific reagents to block its interaction with the Tie2 receptor. The application of these reagents in preclinical models of inflammation and cancer has begun to elucidate the role of Ang2 in vascular remodeling and disease pathogenesis and has led to emerging clinical tests of Ang2 inhibitors.
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The acute phase reactant orosomucoid-1 is a bimodal regulator of angiogenesis with time- and context-dependent inhibitory and stimulatory properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41387. [PMID: 22916107 PMCID: PMC3419235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissues respond to injury by releasing acute phase reaction (APR) proteins which regulate inflammation and angiogenesis. Among the genes upregulated in wounded tissues are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and the acute phase reactant orosomucoid-1 (ORM1). ORM1 has been shown to modulate the response of immune cells to TNFα, but its role on injury- and TNFα-induced angiogenesis has not been investigated. This study was designed to characterize the role of ORM1 in the angiogenic response to injury and TNFα. Methods and Results Angiogenesis was studied with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo angiogenesis assays. Injured rat aortic rings cultured in collagen gels produced an angiogenic response driven by macrophage-derived TNFα. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR showed that TNFα and ORM1 were upregulated prior to angiogenic sprouting. Exogenous ORM1 delayed the angiogenic response to injury and inhibited the proangiogenic effect of TNFα in cultures of aortic rings or isolated endothelial cells, but stimulated aortic angiogenesis over time while promoting VEGF production and activity. ORM1 inhibited injury- and TNFα-induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and p38 MAPK in aortic rings, but not of NFκB. This effect was injury/TNFα-specific since ORM1 did not inhibit VEGF-induced signaling, and cell-specific since ORM1 inhibited TNFα-induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and p38 MAPK in macrophages and endothelial cells, but not mural cells. Experiments with specific inhibitors demonstrated that the MEK/ERK pathway was required for angiogenesis. ORM1 inhibited angiogenesis in a subcutaneous in vivo assay of aortic ring-induced angiogenesis, but stimulated developmental angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Conclusion ORM1 regulates injury-induced angiogenesis in a time- and context-dependent manner by sequentially dampening the initial TNFα-induced angiogenic response and promoting the downstream stimulation of the angiogenic process by VEGF. The context-dependent nature of ORM1 angioregulatory function is further demonstrated in the CAM assay where ORM1 stimulates developmental angiogenesis without exerting any inhibitory activity.
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Oliver G, Novak S, Patterson JL, Pasternak JA, Paradis F, Norrby M, Oxtoby K, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. II. Effects on subsequent litter sex ratio and embryonic gene expression. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 23:899-911. [PMID: 21871209 DOI: 10.1071/rd11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of panels of candidate genes controlling myogenesis, angiogenesis and gender-specific imprinting of development were analysed in embryonic, placental and endometrial tissues recovered at Day 30 of gestation from a subset of primiparous sows that were either feed restricted (Restrict; n=17) or fed to appetite (Control; n=15) during the last week of the previous lactation. Embryos were also sex typed to investigate gender bias in response to treatments. Average embryonic weight was lower in the subset of Restrict compared with Control litters (1.38±0.07vs 1.59±0.08g, respectively) and the male:female sex ratio was higher (P<0.05) in embryos (litters) recovered from Restrict sows. Treatment affected (P≤0.05) the expression of embryonic and placental genes involved in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 signalling, including IGF2, INSR and IGF2R. Embryonic expression of ESR1 was also affected by treatment (P<0.03) and sex×treatment interactions were observed for the expression of embryonic ESR1 (P<0.05) and placental ANGPT2 (P<0.03). At the molecular level, these results support the suggestion that changes in placental function are not the primary mechanism mediating detrimental effects of previous sow catabolism on early embryonic development in the feed-restricted lactational sow model. However, perturbations in the IGF2 system are implicated as mediators of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oliver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Vascular disruption and the role of angiogenic proteins after spinal cord injury. Transl Stroke Res 2011; 2:474-91. [PMID: 22448202 PMCID: PMC3296011 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) can result in devastating paralysis, for which there is currently no robustly efficacious neuroprotective/neuroregenerative treatment. When the spinal cord is subjected to a traumatic injury, the local vasculature is disrupted and the blood–spinal cord barrier is compromised. Subsequent inflammation and ischemia may then contribute to further secondary damage, exacerbating neurological deficits. Therefore, understanding the vascular response to SCI and the molecular elements that regulate angiogenesis has considerable relevance from a therapeutic standpoint. In this paper, we review the nature of vascular damage after traumatic SCI and what is known about the role that angiogenic proteins—angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) and angiogenin—may play in the subsequent response. To this, we add recent work that we have conducted in measuring these proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum after acute SCI in human patients. Intrathecal catheters were installed in 15 acute SCI patients within 48 h of injury. CSF and serum samples were collected over the following 3–5 days and analysed for Ang1, Ang2 and angiogenin protein levels using a standard ELISA technique. This represents the first description of the endogenous expression of these proteins in an acute human SCI setting.
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Mofarrahi M, Hussain SNA. Expression and functional roles of angiopoietin-2 in skeletal muscles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22882. [PMID: 21829546 PMCID: PMC3146511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) are angiogenesis factors that modulate endothelial cell differentiation, survival and stability. Recent studies have suggested that skeletal muscle precursor cells constitutively express ANGPT1 and adhere to recombinant ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 proteins. It remains unclear whether or not they also express ANGPT2, or if ANGPT2 regulates the myogenesis program of muscle precursors. In this study, ANGPT2 regulatory factors and the effects of ANGPT2 on proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival were identified in cultured primary skeletal myoblasts. The cellular networks involved in the actions of ANGPT2 on skeletal muscle cells were also analyzed. Methodology/Principal Findings Primary skeletal myoblasts were isolated from human and mouse muscles. Skeletal myoblast survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation were measured in-vitro in response to recombinant ANGPT2 protein and to enhanced ANGPT2 expression delivered with adenoviruses. Real-time PCR and ELISA measurements revealed the presence of constitutive ANGPT2 expression in these cells. This expression increased significantly during myoblast differentiation into myotubes. In human myoblasts, ANGPT2 expression was induced by H2O2, but not by TNFα, IL1β or IL6. ANGPT2 significantly enhanced myoblast differentiation and survival, but had no influence on proliferation or migration. ANGPT2-induced survival was mediated through activation of the ERK1/2 and PI-3 kinase/AKT pathways. Microarray analysis revealed that ANGPT2 upregulates genes involved in the regulation of cell survival, protein synthesis, glucose uptake and free fatty oxidation. Conclusion/Significance Skeletal muscle precursors constitutively express ANGPT2 and this expression is upregulated during differentiation into myotubes. Reactive oxygen species exert a strong stimulatory influence on muscle ANGPT2 expression while pro-inflammatory cytokines do not. ANGPT2 promotes skeletal myoblast survival and differentiation. These results suggest that muscle-derived ANGPT2 production may play a positive role in skeletal muscle fiber repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabah N. A. Hussain
- Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Page AV, Kotb M, McGeer A, Low DE, Kain KC, Liles WC. Systemic dysregulation of angiopoietin-1/2 in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:e157-61. [PMID: 21460306 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is characterized by diffuse vascular leak resulting from widespread endothelial activation. Angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1 and Ang-2), which are important regulators of endothelial quiescence and activation, respectively, are dysregulated in certain diseases that are associated with endothelial dysfunction, but they have not been previously investigated in STSS. Plasma Ang-1 and Ang-2 concentrations were measured in 37 patients with invasive streptococcal infection with and without concurrent STSS. Greater angiopoietin dysregulation (decreased Ang-1 and increased Ang-2) occurred in STSS than in invasive infection without shock; dysregulation decreased with convalescence. These results suggest that systemic Ang-1 and Ang-2 dysregulation is associated with disease severity in invasive streptococcal infection and that plasma levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 may serve as clinically informative biomarkers in STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Page
- Division of Infectious Diseases, SA Rotman Laboratories, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tabruyn SP, Colton K, Morisada T, Fuxe J, Wiegand SJ, Thurston G, Coyle AJ, Connor J, McDonald DM. Angiopoietin-2-driven vascular remodeling in airway inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:3233-43. [PMID: 20952594 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a feature of chronic inflammation during which capillaries transform into venules that expand the region of the vasculature in which leakage and leukocyte emigration both occur. Recently, we found that angiopoietin/Tie2 receptor signaling drives the transformation of capillaries into venules at an early stage of the sustained inflammatory response in the airways of mice infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis. However, the precise contributions of both angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) are not clear. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of Ang2 to this vascular remodeling. Ang2 mRNA expression levels increased and phosphorylated Tie2 immunoreactivity in mucosal blood vessels decreased, indicative of diminished receptor signaling after infection. Selective inhibition of Ang2 throughout the infection by administration of either of two distinct function-blocking antibodies reduced the suppression of Tie2 phosphorylation and decreased the remodeling of mucosal capillaries into venules, the amount of leukocyte influx, and disease severity. These findings are consistent with Ang2 acting as an antagonist of Tie2 receptors and the reduction of Tie2 phosphorylation in endothelial cells rendering the vasculature more responsive to cytokines that promote both vascular remodeling and the consequences of inflammation after M. pulmonis infection. By blocking such changes, Ang2 inhibitors may prove beneficial in the treatment of sustained inflammation in which vascular remodeling, leakage, and leukocyte influx contribute to its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien P Tabruyn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0425, USA
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Chen J, Yu H, Sun K, Song W, Bai Y, Yang T, Song Y, Zhang Y, Hui R. Promoter variant of angiopoietin-2 and plasma angiopoietin-2 are associated with risk of stroke recurrence in lacunar infarct patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sun WY, Pitson SM, Bonder CS. Tumor necrosis factor-induced neutrophil adhesion occurs via sphingosine kinase-1-dependent activation of endothelial {alpha}5{beta}1 integrin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:436-46. [PMID: 20522645 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment plays a major role in the immune response to infectious pathogens, as well as during inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The process of leukocyte extravasation from the blood requires a complex cascade of adhesive events between the leukocytes and the endothelium, including initial leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and finally transendothelial migration. Current research in this area aims to identify the key leukocyte subsets that initiate a given disease and to identify the trafficking molecule(s) that will most specifically inhibit those cells. Herein we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha activates the integrin alpha(5)beta(1) without altering total expression levels of beta(1) integrin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, our studies suggest that TNFalpha-induced beta(1) activation is dependent on sphingosine kinase-1, but independent of the sphingosine-1-phosphate family of G protein-coupled receptors. We also show, using a parallel plate flow chamber assay, that neutrophil adhesion to TNFalpha-activated endothelium can be attenuated by blocking alpha(5)beta(1) or its ligand angiopoietin-2. These observations add new complexities that broaden the accepted concept of cellular trafficking with neutrophil adhesion to TNFalpha activated endothelial cells being sphingosine kinase-1, alpha(5)beta(1), and angiopoietin-2 dependent. Moreover, this work supports the notion that sphingosine kinase-1 may be the single target required for an effective broad spectrum approach to combat inflammation and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Y Sun
- Human Immunology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Davis JS, Yeo TW, Piera KA, Woodberry T, Celermajer DS, Stephens DP, Anstey NM. Angiopoietin-2 is increased in sepsis and inversely associated with nitric oxide-dependent microvascular reactivity. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:R89. [PMID: 20482750 PMCID: PMC2911723 DOI: 10.1186/cc9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiopoietin-2 (ang-2), an angiogenic peptide released by endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), increases endothelial activation and vascular permeability. Ang-2 is raised in severe sepsis but the mechanisms underlying this are not known. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits WPB exocytosis, and bioavailability of endothelial NO is decreased in sepsis. We hypothesized that endothelial NO bioavailability would be inversely correlated with ang-2 concentrations in sepsis. METHODS Plasma ang-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial-active cytokines were assessed in 83 patients with early sepsis and 41 hospital controls, and related to reactive hyperaemia-peripheral arterial tonometry, RH-PAT, a measure of endothelial NO bioavailability. RESULTS Plasma Ang-2 was elevated in sepsis (median [interquartile range (IQR)], ng/ml: severe sepsis 12.4 [8.5-33.4], sepsis without organ failure 6.1 [5.0-10.4], controls 2.7 [2.2-3.6], P < 0.0001). It correlated inversely with RH-PAT (r = -0.38, P < 0.0001) and positively with IL-6 (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001) and degree of organ failure (sequential organ function assessment score) (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001). The correlation of ang-2 with RH-PAT persisted after controlling for sepsis severity. In a longitudinal mixed-effects model, recovery of RH-PAT over time was associated with decline in ang-2. CONCLUSIONS Ang-2 is elevated in proportion to sepsis severity, and inversely correlated with NO-dependent microvascular reactivity. Impaired endothelial NO bioavailability may contribute to increased endothelial cell release of ang-2, endothelial activation and capillary leak. Agents that increase endothelial NO bioavailability or inhibit WPB exocytosis and/or Ang-2 activity may have therapeutic potential in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Davis
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia.
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Baluk P, Yao LC, Feng J, Romano T, Jung SS, Schreiter JL, Yan L, Shealy DJ, McDonald DM. TNF-alpha drives remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics in sustained airway inflammation in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2954-64. [PMID: 19759514 DOI: 10.1172/jci37626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with blood vessel and lymphatic vessel proliferation and remodeling. The microvasculature of the mouse trachea provides an ideal opportunity to study this process, as Mycoplasma pulmonis infection of mouse airways induces widespread and sustained vessel remodeling, including enlargement of capillaries into venules and lymphangiogenesis. Although the mediators responsible for these vascular changes in mice have not been identified, VEGF-A is known not to be involved. Here, we sought to determine whether TNF-alpha drives the changes in blood vessels and lymphatics in M. pulmonis-infected mice. The endothelial cells, but not pericytes, of blood vessels, but not lymphatics, were immunoreactive for TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) and lymphotoxin B receptors. Most TNF-R2 immunoreactivity was on leukocytes. Infection resulted in a large and sustained increase in TNF-alpha expression, as measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and smaller increases in lymphotoxins and TNF receptors that preceded vessel remodeling. Substantially less vessel remodeling and lymphangiogenesis occurred when TNF-alpha signaling was inhibited by a blocking antibody or was silenced in Tnfr1-/- mice. When administered after infection was established, the TNF-alpha-specific antibody slowed but did not reverse blood vessel remodeling and lymphangiogenesis. The action of TNF-alpha on blood vessels is probably mediated through direct effects on endothelial cells, but its effects on lymphangiogenesis may require inflammatory mediators from recruited leukocytes. We conclude that TNF-alpha is a strong candidate for a mediator that drives blood vessel remodeling and lymphangiogenesis in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hashimoto T, Wu Y, Boudreau N, Li J, Matsumoto M, Young W. Regulation of Tie2 Expression by Angiopoietin—Potential Feedback System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:207-10. [PMID: 15370298 DOI: 10.1080/10623320490512417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To study a potential feedback system in the angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie2 system, the authors examined effects of Ang1 and Ang2 on Tie2 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with or without stimulation by a potent inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Ang1, but not Ang2, down-regulated Tie2 expression on HUVECs without TNF-alpha stimulation. Both Ang1 and Ang2 attenuated TNF-alpha-induced Tie2 up-regulation. Regulation of Tie2 expression by Ang1 or Ang2 was not dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The Ang-Tie2 system appears to have an autoregulatory feedback system that may be regulating the overall activity of the Tie2 system in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care and the Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
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Kranidioti H, Orfanos SE, Vaki I, Kotanidou A, Raftogiannis M, Dimopoulou I, Kotsaki A, Savva A, Papapetropoulos A, Armaganidis A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Angiopoietin-2 is increased in septic shock: evidence for the existence of a circulating factor stimulating its release from human monocytes. Immunol Lett 2009; 125:65-71. [PMID: 19539650 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate if angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) participates in the septic process and what may be the role of monocytes as a site of release of Ang-2 in sepsis. Concentrations of Ang-2 were estimated in sera and in supernatants of monocytes derived form one already described cohort of 90 patients with septic syndrome due to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Mononuclear cells of 17 healthy volunteers were stimulated by serum of patients in the presence or absence of various intracellular pathway inhibitors. Ang-2 gene expression after stimulation was also tested. Ang-2 was higher in patients with septic shock compared to patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and controls. Ang-2 was significantly increased in non-survivors compared with survivors. Serum levels greater than 9700 pg/ml were accompanied by a 3.254 odds ratio for death (p: 0.033). Ang-2 release from monocytes of septic patients was slightly decreased after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O55:B5. Release of Ang-2 from healthy mononuclear cells was stimulated by serum of patients with shock but not by serum of non-shocked patients (p: 0.016). Release was decreased by LPS; increased in the presence of a TLR4 antagonist; and decreased by anti-TNF antibody. RNA transcripts of PBMCs after stimulation with serum of patients with septic shock were higher than those after LPS stimulation. It is concluded that Ang-2 is increased in serum in the event of septic shock and that its increase is related to unfavorable outcome. It seems that a circulating factor may exist in the serum of patients with septic shock that stimulates gene expression and subsequent release of Ang-2 from monocytes. TLR4 and TNFalpha modulate release of Ang-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariklia Kranidioti
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
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Thomas M, Augustin HG. The role of the Angiopoietins in vascular morphogenesis. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:125-37. [PMID: 19449109 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Angiopoietin/Tie system acts as a vascular specific ligand/receptor system to control endothelial cell survival and vascular maturation. The Angiopoietin family includes four ligands (Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2 and Angiopoietin-3/4) and two corresponding tyrosine kinase receptors (Tie1 and Tie2). Ang-1 and Ang-2 are specific ligands of Tie2 binding the receptor with similar affinity. Tie2 activation promotes vessel assembly and maturation by mediating survival signals for endothelial cells and regulating the recruitment of mural cells. Ang-1 acts in a paracrine agonistic manner inducing Tie2 phosphorylation and subsequent vessel stabilization. In contrast, Ang-2 is produced by endothelial cells and acts as an autocrine antagonist of Ang-1-mediated Tie2 activation. Ang-2 thereby primes the vascular endothelium to exogenous cytokines and induces vascular destabilization at higher concentrations. Ang-2 is strongly expressed in the vasculature of many tumors and it has been suggested that Ang-2 may act synergistically with other cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor to promote tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor progression. The better mechanistic understanding of the Ang/Tie system is gradually paving the way toward the rationale exploitation of this vascular signaling system as a therapeutic target for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas
- Joint Research Division Vascular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is a member of the Ang family, which plays an important role in angiogenesis during the development and growth of human cancers. Ang2's role in angiogenesis generally is considered as an antagonist for Ang1, inhibiting Ang1-promoted Tie2 signaling, which is critical for blood vessel maturation and stabilization. Ang2 modulates angiogenesis in a cooperative manner with another important angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A. Genetic studies have revealed that Ang2 also is critical in lymphangiogenesis during development. However, new evidence suggests more complicated roles for Ang2 in angiogenesis in physiologic processes and invasive phenotypes of cancer cells during progression of human cancers. This article discusses recent studies of Ang2 in angiogenesis and the implication of Ang2 as a therapeutic target as well as a potential inhibitor for antiangiogenesis treatment for cancer patients.
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van Meurs M, Kümpers P, Ligtenberg JJM, Meertens JHJM, Molema G, Zijlstra JG. Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:207. [PMID: 19435476 PMCID: PMC2689450 DOI: 10.1186/cc7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in response to major insults such as sepsis, severe haemorrhage, trauma, major surgery and pancreatitis. The mortality rate is high despite intensive supportive care. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying MODS are not entirely clear, although several have been proposed. Overwhelming inflammation, immunoparesis, occult oxygen debt and other mechanisms have been investigated, and – despite many unanswered questions – therapies targeting these mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, only a few interventions, usually those targeting multiple mechanisms at the same time, have appeared to be beneficial. We clearly need to understand better the mechanisms that underlie MODS. The endothelium certainly plays an active role in MODS. It functions at the intersection of several systems, including inflammation, coagulation, haemodynamics, fluid and electrolyte balance, and cell migration. An important regulator of these systems is the angiopoietin/Tie2 signalling system. In this review we describe this signalling system, giving special attention to what is known about it in critically ill patients and its potential as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Angiopoietin 2 is a partial agonist/antagonist of Tie2 signaling in the endothelium. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:2011-22. [PMID: 19223473 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01472-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) was originally shown to be a competitive antagonist for Ang1 of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in endothelial cells (ECs). Since then, reports have conflicted on whether Ang2 is an agonist or antagonist of Tie2. Here we show that Ang2 functions as an agonist when Ang1 is absent but as a dose-dependent antagonist when Ang1 is present. Exogenous Ang2 activates Tie2 and the promigratory, prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway in ECs but with less potency and lower affinity than exogenous Ang1. ECs produce Ang2 but not Ang1. This endogenous Ang2 maintains Tie2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Akt activities, and it promotes EC survival, migration, and tube formation. However, when ECs are stimulated with Ang1 and Ang2, Ang2 dose-dependently inhibits Ang1-induced Tie2 phosphorylation, Akt activation, and EC survival. We conclude that Ang2 is both an agonist and an antagonist of Tie2. Although Ang2 is a weaker agonist than Ang1, endogenous Ang2 maintains a level of Tie2 activation that is critical to a spectrum of EC functions. These findings may reconcile disparate reports of Ang2's effect on Tie2, impact our understanding of endogenous receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction mechanisms, and affect how Ang2 and Tie2 are targeted under conditions such as sepsis and cancer.
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