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Perdomo J, Leung HHL. Immune Thrombosis: Exploring the Significance of Immune Complexes and NETosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1332. [PMID: 37887042 PMCID: PMC10604267 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are major contributors to inflammation and autoimmunity, playing a key role in the development of thrombotic disorders. NETs, composed of DNA, histones, and numerous other proteins serve as scaffolds for thrombus formation and promote platelet activation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that NETs mediate thrombosis in autoimmune diseases, viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the role and mechanisms of immune complexes in NETs formation and their contribution to the generation of a prothrombotic state. Immune complexes are formed by interactions between antigens and antibodies and can induce NETosis by the direct activation of neutrophils via Fc receptors, via platelet activation, and through endothelial inflammation. We discuss the mechanisms by which NETs induced by immune complexes contribute to immune thrombotic processes and consider the potential development of therapeutic strategies. Targeting immune complexes and NETosis hold promise for mitigating thrombotic events and reducing the burden of immune thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Perdomo
- Haematology Research Group, Faculty Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Halina H. L. Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia;
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2
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Chan C, Lustig M, Baumann N, Valerius T, van Tetering G, Leusen JHW. Targeting Myeloid Checkpoint Molecules in Combination With Antibody Therapy: A Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy With IgA Antibodies? Front Immunol 2022; 13:932155. [PMID: 35865547 PMCID: PMC9295600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with therapeutic antibodies has shown a lack of durable responses in some patients due to resistance mechanisms. Checkpoint molecules expressed by tumor cells have a deleterious impact on clinical responses to therapeutic antibodies. Myeloid checkpoints, which negatively regulate macrophage and neutrophil anti-tumor responses, are a novel type of checkpoint molecule. Myeloid checkpoint inhibition is currently being studied in combination with IgG-based immunotherapy. In contrast, the combination with IgA-based treatment has received minimal attention. IgA antibodies have been demonstrated to more effectively attract and activate neutrophils than their IgG counterparts. Therefore, myeloid checkpoint inhibition could be an interesting addition to IgA treatment and has the potential to significantly enhance IgA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Baumann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Geert van Tetering
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeanette H. W. Leusen,
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Marchese ME, Berdnikovs S, Cook-Mills JM. Distinct sites within the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) cytoplasmic domain regulate VCAM-1 activation of calcium fluxes versus Rac1 during leukocyte transendothelial migration. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8235-46. [PMID: 22970700 DOI: 10.1021/bi300925r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion molecules regulate the migration of leukocytes from the blood into tissue during inflammation. Binding of leukocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) activates signals in endothelial cells, including Rac1 and calcium fluxes. These VCAM-1 signals are required for leukocyte transendothelial migration on VCAM-1. However, it has not been reported whether the cytoplasmic domain of VCAM-1 is necessary for these signals. Interestingly, the 19-amino acid sequence of the VCAM-1 cytoplasmic domain is 100% conserved among many mammalian species, suggesting an important functional role for the domain. To examine the function of the VCAM-1 cytoplasmic domain, we deleted the VCAM-1 cytoplasmic domain or mutated the cytoplasmic domain at amino acid N724, S728, Y729, S730, or S737. The cytoplasmic domain and S728, Y729, S730, or S737 were necessary for leukocyte transendothelial migration. S728 and Y729, but not S730 or S737, were necessary for VCAM-1 activation of calcium fluxes. In contrast, S730 and S737, but not S728 or Y729, were necessary for VCAM-1 activation of Rac1. These functional data are consistent with our computational model of the structure of the VCAM-1 cytoplasmic domain as an α-helix with S728 and Y729, and S730 and S737, on opposite sides of the α-helix. Together, these data indicate that S728 and Y729, and S730 and S737, are distinct functional sites that coordinate VCAM-1 activation of calcium fluxes and Rac1 during leukocyte transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Marchese
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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5
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The human immunoglobulin A Fc receptor FcαRI: a multifaceted regulator of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:612-24. [PMID: 21937986 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is commonly recognized as the most prevalent antibody (Ab) at mucosal sites with an important role in defense by shielding mucosal surfaces from invasion by pathogens. However, its potential to both actively dampen excessive immune responses or to initiate potent proinflammatory cellular processes is less well known. Interestingly, either functional outcome is mediated through interaction with the myeloid IgA Fc receptor FcαRI (CD89). Monomeric interaction of IgA with FcαRI triggers inhibitory signals that block activation via other receptors, whereas multimeric FcαRI crosslinking induces phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, antigen presentation, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine release. Thus, FcαRI acts as a regulator between anti- and proinflammatory responses of IgA. As such, the biology of FcαRI, and its multifaceted role in immunity will be the focus of this review.
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Okun E, Mattson MP, Arumugam TV. Involvement of Fc receptors in disorders of the central nervous system. Neuromolecular Med 2009; 12:164-78. [PMID: 19844812 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-009-8099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are proteins with a highly variable antigen-binding domain and a constant region (Fc domain) that binds to a cell surface receptor (FcR). Activation of FcRs in immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells) triggers effector responses including cytokine production, phagocytosis, and degranulation. In addition to their roles in normal responses to infection or tissue injury, and in immune-related diseases, FcRs are increasingly recognized for their involvement in neurological disorders. One or more FcRs are expressed in microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Aberrant activation of FcRs in such neural cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and multiple sclerosis. On the other hand, FcRs may play beneficial roles in counteracting pathological processes; for e.g., FcRs may facilitate removal of amyloid peptides from the brain and so protect against Alzheimer's disease. Knowledge of the functions of FcRs in the nervous system in health and disease is leading to novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Okun
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Albert Christophersen O, Haug A. More about hypervirulent avian influenza: Is the world now better prepared? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600701343286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Haug
- Norwegian University of Life Science (UMB), Arboretveien, Ås, Norway
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Otten MA, Leusen JHW, Rudolph E, van der Linden JA, Beelen RHJ, van de Winkel JGJ, van Egmond M. FcR γ-Chain Dependent Signaling in Immature Neutrophils Is Mediated by FcαRI, but Not by FcγRI. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2918-24. [PMID: 17709506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated tumor cell lysis is more efficiently triggered by FcalphaRI (CD89), than by FcgammaRI (CD64). This difference is most evident in immature neutrophils in which FcgammaRI-mediated tumor cell lysis is absent. In this study, we show that FcR gamma-chain-dependent functions (such as Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and respiratory burst), as well as signaling (calcium mobilization and MAPK phosphorylation), were potently triggered via FcalphaRI, but not via FcgammaRI, in immature neutrophils. Internalization, an FcR gamma-chain-independent function, was, however, effectively initiated via both receptors. These data suggest an impaired functional association between FcgammaRI and the FcR gamma-chain, which prompted us to perform coimmunoprecipitation experiments. As a weaker association was observed between FcgammaRI and FcR gamma-chain, compared with FcalphaRI and FcR gamma-chain, our data support that differences between FcalphaRI- and FcgammaRI-mediated functions are attributable to dissimilarities in association with the FcR gamma-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle A Otten
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pleass RJ, Lang ML, Kerr MA, Woof JM. IgA is a more potent inducer of NADPH oxidase activation and degranulation in blood eosinophils than IgE. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:1401-8. [PMID: 16777227 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human eosinophils can mediate both beneficial and detrimental responses in parasitic and allergic diseases. Binding of aggregated immunoglobulin to Fc receptors on eosinophils mediates important defence processes, including generation of activated oxygen species resulting from NADPH oxidase activation, and eosinophil peroxidase release following degranulation. The abilities of a matched set of IgA, IgG and IgE antibodies to elicit such responses in blood-derived eosinophils were compared using a chemiluminescence assay. IgA and IgG, but not IgE, were found to trigger NADPH oxidase activation and degranulation in eosinophils. This non-responsiveness to IgE did not result from receptor blockade by endogenous IgE since no blood-derived IgE was detectable on freshly isolated eosinophils. Moreover, while cross-linking of FcalphaRI by specific mAbs triggered NADPH oxidase activation and degranulation in blood-derived eosinophils, equivalent cross-linking of FcvarepsilonRI or FcvarepsilonRII did not elicit such responses. Therefore IgA is more potent at eliciting activated oxygen species release and degranulation in eosinophils than IgE, suggesting that the importance of IgA in eosinophil activation in immune defence and allergy may have been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Pleass
- Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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10
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Bakema JE, de Haij S, den Hartog-Jager CF, Bakker J, Vidarsson G, van Egmond M, van de Winkel JGJ, Leusen JHW. Signaling through Mutants of the IgA Receptor CD89 and Consequences for Fc Receptor γ-Chain Interaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3603-10. [PMID: 16517729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prototypic receptor for IgA (FcalphaRI, CD89) is expressed on myeloid cells and can trigger phagocytosis, tumor cell lysis, and release of inflammatory mediators. The functions of FcalphaRI and activating receptors for IgG (FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII) are dependent on the FcR gamma-chain dimer. This study increases our understanding of the molecular basis of the FcalphaRI-FcR gamma-chain transmembrane interaction, which is distinct from that of other activatory FcRs. FcalphaRI is unique in its interaction with the common FcR gamma-chain, because it is based on a positively charged residue at position 209, which associates with a negatively charged amino acid of FcR gamma-chain. We explored the importance of the position of this positive charge within human FcalphaRI for FcR gamma-chain association and FcalphaRI functioning with the use of site-directed mutagenesis. In an FcalphaRI R209L/A213H mutant, which represents a vertical relocation of the positive charge, proximal and distal FcR gamma-chain-dependent functions, such as calcium flux, MAPK phosphorylation, and IL-2 release, were similar to those of wild-type FcalphaRI. A lateral transfer of the positive charge, however, completely abrogated FcR gamma-chain-dependent functions in an FcalphaRI R209L/M210R mutant. By coimmunoprecipitation, we have demonstrated the loss of a physical interaction between FcR gamma-chain and FcalphaRI M210R mutant, thus explaining the loss of FcR gamma-chain-dependent functions. In conclusion, not only the presence of a basic residue in the transmembrane region of FcalphaRI, but also the orientation of FcalphaRI toward the FcR gamma-chain dimer is essential for FcR gamma-chain association. This suggests the involvement of additional amino acids in the FcalphaRI-FcR gamma-chain interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine E Bakema
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Stoppiglia LF, Rezende LF, Ferreira F, Filiputti E, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Characterization of the peroxidase system at low H2O2 concentrations in isolated neonatal rat islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1690:159-68. [PMID: 15469905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
B cell destruction during the onset of diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress. In this work, we attempted to further trace the fate of H2O2 inside the pancreatic islets and determine whether it is mediated by enzymatic (peroxidase) activity or by chemical reaction with thiols from any protein chain. Our results suggest that the islet cells have a very similar peroxidase activity at the hydrophilic (cytoplasm) and hydrophobic compartments (organelles and nucleus), independent of the catalase content of the samples. This activity is composed of sacrificial thiols and by proteins with Fe3+/Mn3+ ions at non-heme catalytic sites. The capacity of the hydrophobic fraction to scavenge O2- was increased in the presence of high concentrations of NADP* and RS* and was highly dependent on RSH. On the contrary, the hydrophilic fraction exhibited a low RSH-dependent activity where the O2- scavenging is related to metal Cu2+/Fe3+/Mn3+ ions attached to the protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Stoppiglia
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
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13
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Otten MA, van Egmond M. The Fc receptor for IgA (FcalphaRI, CD89). Immunol Lett 2004; 92:23-31. [PMID: 15081523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/09/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally IgA has been regarded as a non-inflammatory antibody, which inhibits adhesion of micro-organisms to the mucosal wall without initiation of inflammatory responses. Recently, however, a dichotomy has been suggested between the actions of secretory IgA (SIgA), which is present at mucosal sites, and serum IgA. SIgA exerts its function as first line of defence by limiting invasion of pathogens. Serum IgA in turn may be engaged in inflammatory responses after breaching of mucosal wall integrity. Several receptors for IgA have been described. However, the-as yet-best characterized prototypic Fc receptor for IgA, FcalphaRI (CD89), is the most likely candidate for initiation of inflammatory responses, as it binds poorly to SIgA, but vigorously triggers potent effector functions upon binding to serum IgA. Here, new insights in IgA-FcalphaRI binding are described and the functional implications of these interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle A Otten
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Tacken PJ, Hartshorn KL, White MR, van Kooten C, van de Winkel JGJ, Reid KBM, Batenburg JJ. Effective targeting of pathogens to neutrophils via chimeric surfactant protein D/anti-CD89 protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:4934-40. [PMID: 15067073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of specific pathogens to FcRs on immune effector cells by using bispecific Abs was reported to result in effective killing of the pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Instead of targeting a specific pathogen to an FcR, we assessed whether a broad spectrum of pathogens can be targeted to an FcR using surfactant protein D (SP-D). SP-D is a collectin that binds a great variety of pathogens via its carbohydrate recognition domain. A recombinant trimeric fragment of SP-D (rfSP-D), consisting of the carbohydrate recognition domain and neck domain of human SP-D, was chemically cross-linked to the Fab' of an Ab directed against the human Fc alpha RI (CD89). In vitro, the chimeric rfSP-D/anti-CD89 protein enhanced uptake of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and influenza A virus by human neutrophils. Blocking of the interaction between rfSP-D/anti-CD89 and either the pathogen or CD89 abolished its stimulatory effect on pathogen uptake by neutrophils. In addition, rfSP-D/anti-CD89 stimulated killing of E. coli and C. albicans by neutrophils and enhanced neutrophil activation by influenza A virus. In conclusion, rfSP-D/anti-CD89 effectively targeted three structurally unrelated pathogens to neutrophils. (Col)lectin-based chimeric proteins may thus offer promise for therapy of infectious disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Blocking/metabolism
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Candida albicans/growth & development
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Carbohydrates/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Drug Combinations
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Escherichia coli/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/pharmacology
- Influenza A virus/growth & development
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Mice
- Neutrophil Activation/genetics
- Neutrophil Activation/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/microbiology
- Neutrophils/virology
- Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/genetics
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/metabolism
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/pharmacology
- Receptors, Fc/genetics
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemical synthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Tacken
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cook-Mills JM, Johnson JD, Deem TL, Ochi A, Wang L, Zheng Y. Calcium mobilization and Rac1 activation are required for VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) stimulation of NADPH oxidase activity. Biochem J 2004; 378:539-47. [PMID: 14594451 PMCID: PMC1223954 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2003] [Revised: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation in atherosclerosis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and transplantation. VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell NADPH oxidase, and this oxidase activity is required for VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration. We reported previously that a mouse microvascular endothelial cell line promotes lymphocyte migration that is dependent on VCAM-1, but not on other known adhesion molecules. Here we have investigated the signalling mechanisms underlying VCAM-1 function. Lymphocyte binding to VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface activated an endothelial cell calcium flux that could be inhibited with anti-alpha4-integrin and mimicked by anti-VCAM-1-coated beads. VCAM-1 stimulation of calcium responses could be blocked by an inhibitor of intracellular calcium mobilization, a calcium channel inhibitor or a calcium chelator, resulting in the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. Addition of ionomycin overcame the calcium channel blocker suppression of VCAM-1-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity, but could not reverse the inhibitory effect imposed by intracellular calcium blockage, indicating that both intracellular and extracellular calcium mobilization are required for VCAM-1-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, VCAM-1 specifically activated the Rho-family GTPase Rac1, and VCAM-1 activation of NADPH oxidase was blocked by a dominant negative Rac1. Thus VCAM-1 stimulates the mobilization of intracellular and extracellular calcium and Rac1 activity that are required for the activation of NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA.
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Abstract
The IgA receptor family comprises a number of surface receptors including the polymeric Ig receptor involved in epithelial transport of IgA/IgM, the myeloid specific IgA Fc receptor (FcalphaRI or CD89), the Fcalpha/muR, and at least two alternative IgA receptors. These are the asialoglycoprotein receptor and the transferrin receptor, which have been implicated in IgA catabolism, and tissue IgA deposition. In this review we focus on the biology of FcalphaRI (CD89). FcalphaRI is expressed on neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and Kupffer cells. This receptor represents a heterogeneously glycosylated transmembrane protein that binds both IgA subclasses with low affinity. A single gene encoding FcalphaRI has been isolated, which is located within the leukocyte receptor cluster on chromosome 19. The FcalphaRI alpha chain lacks canonical signal transduction domains but can associate with the FcR gamma-chain that bears an activation motif (ITAM) in the cytoplasmic domain, allowing activatory functions. FcalphaRI expressed alone mediates endocytosis and recyling of IgA. No FcalphaRI homologue has been defined in the mouse, and progress in defining the in vivo role of FcalphaRI has been made using human FcalphaRI transgenic (Tg) mice. FcalphaRI-Tg mice demonstrated FcalphaRI expression on Kupffer cells and so defined a key role for the receptor in mucosal defense. The receptor functions as a second line of antibacterial defense involving serum IgA rather than secretory IgA. Studies in FcalphaRI-Tg mice, furthermore, defined an essential role for soluble FcalphaRI in the development of IgA nephropathy by formation of circulating IgA-FcalphaRI complexes. Finally, recent work points out a role for human IgA in treatment of infectious and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Monteiro
- 1INSERM E0225, Bichat Medical School, 16 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75870, France.
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Stoppiglia LF, Nogueira TA, Leite AR, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Protective effect of D-glucose, L-leucine and fetal calf serum against oxidative stress in neonatal pancreatic islets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1588:113-8. [PMID: 12385774 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
B-cell destruction during the onset of diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of defense against oxidative stress present in neonatal islets and their modulation by D-glucose, L-leucine and fetal calf serum (FCS). Culturing neonatal rat islets in the presence of low D-glucose concentrations (2.8-5.6 mmol/l) and 1 mmol/l H(2)O(2) increased the D-glucose uptake by islets sixfold compared to control levels. This effect was dose-dependently inhibited by D-glucose or FCS and by high concentrations of L-leucine. These supplements allowed islets to increase cytoplasmic catalase (CAT) activity only in response to H(2)O(2), with no decrease in NO formation. Although L-leucine increased CAT activity and restored D-glucose uptake, it did not prevent damage to the islets. These data indicate that the most important H(2)O(2) scavenger system in the islets is CAT and that this system can be modulated by metabolic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Stoppiglia
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
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18
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Schettini J, Salamone G, Trevani A, Raiden S, Gamberale R, Vermeulen M, Giordano M, Geffner JR. Stimulation of neutrophil apoptosis by immobilized IgA. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.4.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Schettini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Salamone
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Analía Trevani
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raiden
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Romina Gamberale
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Mirta Giordano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Geffner
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, and Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Microbiology, Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Argentina
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Lang ML, Chen YW, Shen L, Gao H, Lang GA, Wade TK, Wade WF. IgA Fc receptor (FcalphaR) cross-linking recruits tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide kinases and serine/threonine kinases to glycolipid rafts. Biochem J 2002; 364:517-25. [PMID: 12023895 PMCID: PMC1222597 DOI: 10.1042/bj20011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human IgA Fc receptor (FcalphaR, CD89) triggers several important physiological functions, including phagocytosis, NADPH oxidase activation and antigen presentation. Efforts are underway to delineate FcalphaR signal-transduction pathways that control these functions. In a previous study, we demonstrated that cross-linking of FcalphaR increased its partitioning into membrane glycolipid rafts and was accompanied by gamma-chain-dependent recruitment and phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases Lck/Yes-related novel protein tyrosine kinase (Lyn) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Here we have performed a more extensive characterization of signalling effectors recruited to rafts on FcalphaR cross-linking. We demonstrate that in addition to tyrosine kinases Lyn and Btk, FcalphaR cross-linking also recruits B-lymphocyte kinase (Blk) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to rafts. We show recruitment of phosphoinositide kinases, including 3-phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cgamma2, and serine/threonine kinases such as protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, PKCepsilon, and protein kinase B (PKB) alpha. This suggests that lipid rafts serve as sites for FcalphaR-triggered recruitment of multiple classes of signalling effectors. We further demonstrate that tyrosine kinases and PKCalpha have a sustained association with rafts, whereas phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its downstream effectors have a transient association with rafts. This is consistent with temporally regulated divergence of FcalphaR signalling pathways in rafts. Furthermore, we suggest the spatial separation of signalling effectors by transport of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, PKBalpha and PKCepsilon to endocytic compartments containing internalized FcalphaR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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