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Zhou L, Liu X, He G, Chen M, Zeng S, Sun C. Alteration of fractional anisotropy in preterm-born individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2371956. [PMID: 38984803 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2371956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Neurological disorders are common in preterm (PT) born individuals. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) effectively detect microstructural white matter (WM) abnormalities in the brain. We conducted this systematic review to integrate the findings of TBSS studies to determine the most consistent WM alterations in PT born individuals. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Science Direct were searched. DTI studies using TBSS in PT born individuals were screened up to October 2022. The systematic review included studies reporting alterations in FA values for the entire brain in a stereotactic space, with three coordinates (x, y, z), according to the seed-based d mapping method. RESULTS The search strategy identified seventeen studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria, with a total of 911 PT-born individuals and 563 matched controls were analysed. Of the seventeen studies, eight were dedicated to 650 adults, five to 411 children and four to 413 infants. Ten studies recruited 812 individuals born very prematurely (GA <29 weeks), six studies recruited 386 moderately premature individuals (GA = 29-32 weeks) and one study recruited 276 individuals born late prematurely (GA >32 weeks). This meta-analysis of six studies including 388 individuals highlighted four brain regions in which fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower in PT group than in people born at term. The quantitative meta-analysis found that the most robust WM alterations were located in the corpus callosum (CC), the bilateral thalamus and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II. Significant changes in FA reflect WM abnormalities in PT born individuals from infant to young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in FA reflect WM abnormalities in individuals born PT from infancy to young adulthood. The abnormal development of the CC, bilateral thalamus and left SLF may play a vital role in the neurodevelopment of PT individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuntang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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2
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Rangus I, Rios AS, Horn A, Fritsch M, Khalil A, Villringer K, Udke B, Ihrke M, Grittner U, Galinovic I, Al-Fatly B, Endres M, Kufner A, Nolte CH. Fronto-thalamic networks and the left ventral thalamic nuclei play a key role in aphasia after thalamic stroke. Commun Biol 2024; 7:700. [PMID: 38849518 PMCID: PMC11161613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thalamic aphasia results from focal thalamic lesions that cause dysfunction of remote but functionally connected cortical areas due to language network perturbation. However, specific local and network-level neural substrates of thalamic aphasia remain incompletely understood. Using lesion symptom mapping, we demonstrate that lesions in the left ventrolateral and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus are most strongly associated with aphasia in general and with impaired semantic and phonemic fluency and complex comprehension in particular. Lesion network mapping (using a normative connectome based on fMRI data from 1000 healthy individuals) reveals a Thalamic aphasia network encompassing widespread left-hemispheric cerebral connections, with Broca's area showing the strongest associations, followed by the superior and middle frontal gyri, precentral and paracingulate gyri, and globus pallidus. Our results imply the critical involvement of the left ventrolateral and left ventral anterior thalamic nuclei in engaging left frontal cortical areas, especially Broca's area, during language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rangus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ana Sofia Rios
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit experimenteller Neurologie, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merve Fritsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Udke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Ihrke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biometrie und klinische Epidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivana Galinovic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bassam Al-Fatly
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit experimenteller Neurologie, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislauferkrankungen, DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Kufner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislauferkrankungen, DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Maldonado IL, Descoteaux M, Rheault F, Zemmoura I, Benn A, Margulies D, Boré A, Duffau H, Mandonnet E. Multimodal study of multilevel pulvino-temporal connections: a new piece in the puzzle of lexical retrieval networks. Brain 2024; 147:2245-2257. [PMID: 38243610 PMCID: PMC11146422 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced methods of imaging and mapping the healthy and lesioned brain have allowed for the identification of the cortical nodes and white matter tracts supporting the dual neurofunctional organization of language networks in a dorsal phonological and a ventral semantic stream. Much less understood are the anatomical correlates of the interaction between the two streams; one hypothesis being that of a subcortically mediated interaction, through crossed cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. In this regard, the pulvinar is the thalamic subdivision that has most regularly appeared as implicated in the processing of lexical retrieval. However, descriptions of its connections with temporal (language) areas remain scarce. Here we assess this pulvino-temporal connectivity using a combination of state-of-the-art techniques: white matter stimulation in awake surgery and postoperative diffusion MRI (n = 4), virtual dissection from the Human Connectome Project 3 and 7 T datasets (n = 172) and operative microscope-assisted post-mortem fibre dissection (n = 12). We demonstrate the presence of four fundamental fibre contingents: (i) the anterior component (Arnold's bundle proper) initially described by Arnold in the 19th century and destined to the anterior temporal lobe; (ii) the optic radiations-like component, which leaves the pulvinar accompanying the optical radiations and reaches the posterior basal temporal cortices; (iii) the lateral component, which crosses the temporal stem orthogonally and reaches the middle temporal gyrus; and (iv) the auditory radiations-like component, which leaves the pulvinar accompanying the auditory radiations to the superomedial aspect of the temporal operculum, just posteriorly to Heschl's gyrus. Each of those components might correspond to a different level of information processing involved in the lexical retrieval process of picture naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lima Maldonado
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2X9 Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Imeka Solutions, J1H 4A7 Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Austin Benn
- CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX1 3QD Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Margulies
- CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2X9 Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Team ‘Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors’, U1191 Laboratory, Institute of Functional Genomics, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
- Frontlab, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France
- UFR Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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4
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Lee MM, Drury BC, McGrath LM, Stoodley CJ. Shared grey matter correlates of reading and attention. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 237:105230. [PMID: 36731345 PMCID: PMC10153583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of reading (developmental dyslexia) and attention (ADHD) have a high rate of comorbidity (25-40%), yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon. The current study investigated the shared and unique neural correlates of reading and attention in 330 typically developing children ages 8-18 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify regions of the brain where grey matter (GM) volume was associated with reading or attention scores (p < 0.001, cluster FDR p < 0.05). Better attention scores correlated with increased GM in the precuneus and higher reading scores were associated with greater thalamic GM. An exploratory conjunction analysis (p < 0.05, k > 239) found that GM in the caudate and precuneus correlated with both reading and attention scores. These results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis which identified GM reductions in the caudate in both dyslexia and ADHD and reveal potential shared neural correlates of reading and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Lee
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | - Brianne C Drury
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States.
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5
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Klostermann F, Ehlen F, Tiedt HO. Effects of thalamic and basal ganglia deep brain stimulation on language-related functions - Conceptual and clinical considerations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:75-81. [PMID: 35149269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a therapy for various neurological movement disorders. It acts predominantly on motor symptoms, but may unfold a number of mostly subtle cognitive effects. In this regard, reports on particular language-related DBS sequels are comparably frequent, but difficult to overlook, given the heterogeneity of targeted structures in the brain, treated diseases, assessment methods and results reported. Accordingly, available knowledge was organized with respect to important aspects, such as the main DBS loci and surgical versus neuromodulatory therapy actions. Current views of biolinguistic underpinnings of the reviewed data, their clinical relevance and potential implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Jewish Hospital Berlin, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Hannes Ole Tiedt
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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6
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Tiedt HO, Ehlen F, Wyrobnik M, Klostermann F. Thalamic but Not Subthalamic Neuromodulation Simplifies Word Use in Spontaneous Language. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:656188. [PMID: 34093151 PMCID: PMC8173144 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.656188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations have shown language impairments following electrode implantation surgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in movement disorders. The impact of the actual stimulation, however, differs between DBS targets with further deterioration in formal language tests induced by thalamic DBS in contrast to subtle improvement observed in subthalamic DBS. Here, we studied speech samples from interviews with participants treated with DBS of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) for essential tremor (ET), or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy volunteers (each n = 13). We analyzed word frequency and the use of open and closed class words. Active DBS increased word frequency in case of VIM, but not STN stimulation. Further, relative to controls, both DBS groups produced fewer open class words. Whereas VIM DBS further decreased the proportion of open class words, it was increased by STN DBS. Thus, VIM DBS favors the use of relatively common words in spontaneous language, compatible with the idea of lexical simplification under thalamic stimulation. The absence or even partial reversal of these effects in patients receiving STN DBS is of interest with respect to biolinguistic concepts suggesting dichotomous thalamic vs. basal ganglia roles in language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Ole Tiedt
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Wyrobnik
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Local and whole-network topologies reveal that pulvinar and semantic hub interactions correlate with picture vocabulary. Neuroreport 2020; 31:590-596. [PMID: 32366811 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from cognitive neuroscience indicates that subcortical regions, especially the pulvinar region of the thalamus, are involved in semantic processing. In the current study, graph-based methods were used to investigate whether a cortical-subcortical network is involved in vocabulary processing. In addition to traditional resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis between local brain areas, we applied a novel method to validate the interaction between semantic network hubs and the pulvinar. Unlike the traditional rsFC, the new metrics assessed rsFC pattern similarity (rsFCS), which was calculated with a cosine similarity algorithm based on whole-network topological information. We also applied a support vector regression program based on left pulvinar connectivity patterns. A brain-behavior analysis was conducted based on 100 randomly selected unrelated participants from the Human Connectome Project S1200 database. After controlling for the visuospatial and attention test scores, the rsFC between the left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and left pulvinar was significantly positively correlated with age-adjusted picture vocabulary scores. Similar results were confirmed based on the new rsFCS analysis. The support vector regression procedures also showed a clearly relationship between picture vocabulary scores and left pulvinar-related rsFCs. Our study verified a role for a subcortical-cortical network in vocabulary processing that is based on local and whole-network topologies.
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Prevalence of self-reported language impairment in multiple sclerosis and the association with health-related quality of life: An international survey study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 39:101896. [PMID: 31869597 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language impairment has only recently begun to be considered a clinical manifestation of MS. A decline in language abilities can lead to restricted participation in everyday activities that require communication, including vocational, social, and educational contexts. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence and nature of self-reported language impairment in MS using a validated MS-specific patient-reported outcome measure and to determine the association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and demographic and clinical variables. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 160 persons with MS completed the language items of the Speech pathology-specific questionnaire for persons with MS (SMS) to assess language and the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) to assess HRQoL. Participants were recruited internationally through professional MS bodies and support groups and completed all questionnaires online. RESULTS 75% of persons with MS in this sample self-reported a language impairment. Of the total sample, 65.7% reported difficulty with word retrieval, 53.8% reported difficulty with expressive language, 49.4% reported difficulty with confrontational naming, and 40.6% reported difficulty with receptive language in spoken discourse. Statistical analyses revealed that age, sex, educational status, country of residence, disease duration, age at time of diagnosis, MS subtype, and medication management, were not associated with the prevalence of self-reported language impairment. Participants with self-reported language impairment had lower HRQoL than those without language impairment, scoring lower on both the SF-12 mental and physical component summary scores, with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.66 - 0.83). Participants with self-reported language impairment had higher rates of unemployment than those without language impairment (χ2 = 18.2; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Language can be compromised in persons with MS regardless of clinical and demographic characteristics and is associated with lower HRQoL. These findings indicate that frontline healthcare providers need to be aware of potential language impairment in MS and should make timely referrals to speech pathologists for further evaluation and support. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms of language impairment in MS. In future, this will help guide the design of evidence-based intervention for these symptoms.
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Crosson B. The Role of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits in Language: Recurrent Circuits Revisited. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 31:516-533. [PMID: 31758291 PMCID: PMC8418594 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on a review of recent literature, a recurrent circuit model describes how cortico-thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical circuitry supports word retrieval, auditory-verbal comprehension, and other language functions. Supporting data include cellular and layer-specific cortico-thalamic, thalamo-cortical, and cortico-cortical neuroanatomy and electrophysiology. The model posits that during word retrieval, higher order cortico-thalamo-cortical relays maintain stable representations of semantic information in feedforward processes at the semantic-lexical interface. These stable semantic representations are compared to emerging lexical solutions to represent the semantic construct to determine how well constructs are associated with each other. The resultant error signal allows cortico-cortical sculpting of activity between the semantic and lexical mechanisms until there is a good match between these two levels, at which time the lexical solution will be passed along to the cortical processor necessary for the next stage of word retrieval. Evidence is cited that high gamma activity is the neural signature for processing in the cortico-thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical circuitry. Methods for testing hypotheses generated from this recurrent circuit model are discussed. Mathematical modeling may be a useful tool in exploring underlying properties of these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- Department of Veteran Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center - 151R, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University, 12 Executive Park Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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10
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Paz-Alonso PM, Oliver M, Lerma-Usabiaga G, Caballero-Gaudes C, Quiñones I, Suárez-Coalla P, Duñabeitia JA, Cuetos F, Carreiras M. Neural correlates of phonological, orthographic and semantic reading processing in dyslexia. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:433-447. [PMID: 30128282 PMCID: PMC6096051 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is one of the most prevalent learning disabilities, thought to be associated with dysfunction in the neural systems underlying typical reading acquisition. Neuroimaging research has shown that readers with dyslexia exhibit regional hypoactivation in left hemisphere reading nodes, relative to control counterparts. This evidence, however, comes from studies that have focused only on isolated aspects of reading. The present study aims to characterize left hemisphere regional hypoactivation in readers with dyslexia for the main processes involved in successful reading: phonological, orthographic and semantic. Forty-one participants performed a demanding reading task during MRI scanning. Results showed that readers with dyslexia exhibited hypoactivation associated with phonological processing in parietal regions; with orthographic processing in parietal regions, Broca's area, ventral occipitotemporal cortex and thalamus; and with semantic processing in angular gyrus and hippocampus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed for readers with dyslexia than for control readers 1) between the thalamus and the inferior parietal cortex/ventral occipitotemporal cortex during pseudoword reading; and, 2) between the hippocampus and the pars opercularis during word reading. These findings constitute the strongest evidence to date for the interplay between regional hypoactivation and functional connectivity in the main processes supporting reading in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Myriam Oliver
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | - Ileana Quiñones
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Carreiras
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, EHU/UPV, Spain
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11
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Žarić G, Timmers I, Gerretsen P, Fraga González G, Tijms J, van der Molen MW, Blomert L, Bonte M. Atypical White Matter Connectivity in Dyslexic Readers of a Fairly Transparent Orthography. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1147. [PMID: 30042708 PMCID: PMC6049043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical structural properties of the brain's white matter bundles have been associated with failing reading acquisition in developmental dyslexia. Because these white matter properties may show dynamic changes with age and orthographic depth, we examined fractional anisotropy (FA) along 16 white matter tracts in 8- to 11-year-old dyslexic (DR) and typically reading (TR) children learning to read in a fairly transparent orthography (Dutch). Our results showed higher FA values in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiations of DRs and FA values of the left thalamic radiation scaled with behavioral reading-related scores. Furthermore, DRs tended to have atypical FA values in the bilateral arcuate fasciculi. Children's age additionally predicted FA values along the tracts. Together, our findings suggest differential contributions of cortical and thalamo-cortical pathways to the developing reading network in dyslexic and typical readers, possibly indicating prolonged letter-by-letter reading or increased attentional and/or working memory demands in dyslexic children during reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gojko Žarić
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Inge Timmers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Gorka Fraga González
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Tijms
- IWAL Instituut Voor Leerproblemen, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo Blomert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Milene Bonte
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
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12
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de Almeida RG, Riven L, Manouilidou C, Lungu O, Dwivedi VD, Jarema G, Gillon B. The Neuronal Correlates of Indeterminate Sentence Comprehension: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:614. [PMID: 28066204 PMCID: PMC5168646 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentences such as The author started the book are indeterminate because they do not make explicit what the subject (the author) started doing with the object (the book). In principle, indeterminate sentences allow for an infinite number of interpretations. One theory, however, assumes that these sentences are resolved by semanticcoercion, a linguistic process that forces the noun book to be interpreted as an activity (e.g., writing the book) or by a process that interpolates this activity information in the resulting enriched semantic composition. An alternative theory, pragmatic, assumes classical semantic composition, whereby meaning arises from the denotation of words and how they are combined syntactically, with enrichment obtained via pragmatic inferences beyond linguistic-semantic processes. Cognitive neuroscience studies investigating the neuroanatomical and functional correlates of indeterminate sentences have shown activations either at the ventromedial pre-frontal cortex (vmPFC) or at the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG). These studies have supported the semantic coercion theory assuming that one of these regions is where enriched semantic composition takes place. Employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that indeterminate sentences activate bilaterally the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the right inferior frontal gyrus (R-IFG), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), more so than control sentences (The author wrote the book). Activation of indeterminate sentences exceeded that of anomalous sentences (…drank the book) and engaged more left- and right-hemisphere areas than other sentence types. We suggest that the widespread activations for indeterminate sentences represent the deployment of pragmatic-inferential processes, which seek to enrich sentence content without necessarily resorting to semantic coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Riven
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Manouilidou
- Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Institute Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Veena D Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Gonia Jarema
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brendan Gillon
- Department of Linguistics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Ehlen F, Vonberg I, Tiedt HO, Horn A, Fromm O, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Thalamic deep brain stimulation decelerates automatic lexical activation. Brain Cogn 2016; 111:34-43. [PMID: 27816778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is a therapeutic option for patients with essential tremor. Despite a generally low risk of side effects, declines in verbal fluency (VF) have previously been reported. OBJECTIVES We aimed to specify effects of VIM-DBS on major cognitive operations needed for VF task performance, represented by clusters and switches. Clusters are word production spurts, thought to arise from automatic activation of associated information pertaining to a given lexical field. Switches are slow word-to-word transitions, presumed to indicate controlled operations for stepping from one lexical field to another. PATIENTS & METHODS Thirteen essential tremor patients with VIM-DBS performed verbal fluency tasks in their VIM-DBS ON and OFF conditions. Clusters and switches were formally defined by mathematical criteria. All results were compared to those of fifteen healthy control subjects, and significant OFF-ON-change scores were correlated to stimulation parameters. RESULTS Patients produced fewer words than healthy controls. DBS ON compared to DBS OFF aggravated this deficit by prolonging the intervals between words within clusters, whereas switches remained unaffected. This stimulation effect correlated with more anterior electrode positions. CONCLUSION VIM-DBS seems to influence word output dynamics during verbal fluency tasks on the level of word clustering. This suggests a perturbation of automatic lexical co-activation by thalamic stimulation, particularly if delivered relatively anteriorly. The findings are discussed in the context of the hypothesized role of the thalamus in lexical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Ehlen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Vonberg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes O Tiedt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory for Brain Network Imaging and Modulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ortwin Fromm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Fratantoni JM, DeLaRosa BL, Didehbani N, Hart J, Kraut MA. Electrophysiological Correlates of Word Retrieval in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1017-1021. [PMID: 27596052 PMCID: PMC5333558 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons who have had a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have word retrieval deficits; however, the underlying neural mechanisms of such deficits are yet to be clarified. Previous studies in normal subjects have shown that during a word retrieval task, there is a 750 msec event-related potential (ERP) divergence detected at the left fronto-temporal region when subjects evaluate word pairs that facilitate retrieval compared with responses elicited by word pairs that do not facilitate retrieval. In this study, we investigated the neurophysiological correlates of word retrieval networks in 19 retired professional athletes with TBI and 19 healthy control (HC) subjects. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in the participants during a semantic object retrieval task. In this task, participants indicated whether presented word pairs did (retrieval) or did not (non-retrieval) facilitate the retrieval of an object name. There were no significant differences in accuracy or reaction time between the two groups. The EEG showed a significant group by condition interaction over the left fronto-temporal region. The HC group mean amplitudes were significantly different between conditions, but the TBI group data did not show this difference, suggesting neurophysiological effects of injury. These findings provide evidence that ERP amplitudes may be used as a marker of disrupted semantic retrieval circuits in persons with TBI even when those persons perform normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Fratantoni
- 1 Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, Texas
| | - Bambi L DeLaRosa
- 1 Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, Texas
| | - Nyaz Didehbani
- 1 Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, Texas.,2 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - John Hart
- 1 Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas, Texas.,3 Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael A Kraut
- 4 Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Citron FM, Güsten J, Michaelis N, Goldberg AE. Conventional metaphors in longer passages evoke affective brain response. Neuroimage 2016; 139:218-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Tiedt HO, Ehlen F, Krugel LK, Horn A, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Subcortical roles in lexical task processing: Inferences from thalamic and subthalamic event-related potentials. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:370-383. [PMID: 27647660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical functions for language capacities are poorly defined, but may be investigated in the context of deep brain stimulation. Here, we studied event-related potentials recorded from electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) together with surface-EEG. Participants completed a lexical decision task (LDT), which required the differentiation of acoustically presented words from pseudo-words by button press. Target stimuli were preceded by prime-words. In recordings from VIM, a slow potential shift apparent at the lower electrode contacts persisted during target stimulus presentation (equally for words and pseudo-words). In contrast, recordings from STN electrodes showed a short local activation on prime-words but not target-stimuli. In both depth-recording regions, further components related to contralateral motor responses to target words were evident. On scalp level, mid-central activations on (pseudo)lexical stimuli were obtained, in line with the expression of N400 potentials. The prolonged activity recorded from VIM, exclusively accompanying the relevant LDT phase, is in line with the idea of thalamic "selective engagement" for supporting the realization of the behavioral focus demanded by the task. In contrast, the phasic prime related activity rather indicates "procedural" STN functions, for example, for trial sequencing or readiness inhibition of prepared target reactions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:370-383, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes O Tiedt
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Lea K Krugel
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Laboratory for Brain Network Imaging and Modulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12003, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
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17
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Ehlen F, Vonberg I, Kühn AA, Klostermann F. Effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation on spontaneous language production. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:74-82. [PMID: 27267813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus is thought to contribute to language-related processing, but specifications of this notion remain vague. An assessment of potential effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on spontaneous language may help to delineate respective functions. For this purpose, we analyzed spontaneous language samples from thirteen (six female / seven male) patients with essential tremor treated with DBS of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) in their respective ON vs. OFF conditions. Samples were obtained from semi-structured interviews and examined on multidimensional linguistic levels. In the VIM-DBS ON condition, participants used a significantly higher proportion of paratactic as opposed to hypotactic sentence structures. This increase correlated negatively with the change in the more global cognitive score, which in itself did not change significantly. In conclusion, VIM-DBS appears to induce the use of a simplified syntactic structure. The findings are discussed in relation to concepts of thalamic roles in language-related cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Ehlen
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Vonberg
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Neurology, Motor Neuroscience Group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Vandenborre D, van Dun K, Engelborghs S, Mariën P. Apraxic agraphia following thalamic damage: Three new cases. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 150:153-165. [PMID: 26460984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apraxic agraphia (AA) is a so-called peripheral writing disorder following disruption of the skilled movement plans of writing while the central processes that subserve spelling are intact. It has been observed in a variety of etiologically heterogeneous neurological disorders typically associated with lesions located in the language dominant parietal and frontal region. The condition is characterized by a hesitant, incomplete, imprecise or even illegible graphomotor output. Letter formation cannot be attributed to sensorimotor, extrapyramidal or cerebellar dysfunction affecting the writing limb. Detailed clinical, neurocognitive, neurolinguistic and (functional) neuroimaging characteristics of three unique cases are reported that developed AA following a thalamic stroke. In marked contrast to impaired handwriting, non-handwriting skills, such as oral spelling, were hardly impaired. Quantified Tc-99m ECD SPECT consistently showed a decreased perfusion in the anatomoclinically suspected prefrontal regions. The findings suggest crucial involvement of the anterior (and medial) portion of the left thalamus within the neural network subserving the graphomotor system. Functional neuroimaging findings seem to indicate that AA after focal thalamic damage represents a diaschisis phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Vandenborre
- Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Cepos, Rehabilitation Centre, Rooienberg 21, B-2570 Duffel, Belgium
| | - Kim van Dun
- Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology & Memory Clinic, ZNA Middelheim General Hospital, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Mariën
- Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology & Memory Clinic, ZNA Middelheim General Hospital, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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19
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Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Altarelli I, Monzalvo Lopez AK, van Ermingen‐Marbach M, Grande M, Grabowska A, Heim S, Ramus F. How reliable are gray matter disruptions in specific reading disability across multiple countries and languages? Insights from a large-scale voxel-based morphometry study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:1741-54. [PMID: 25598483 PMCID: PMC6869714 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural basis of specific reading disability (SRD) remains only partly understood. A dozen studies have used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) differences between SRD and control children, however, recent meta-analyses suggest that few regions are consistent across studies. We used data collected across three countries (France, Poland, and Germany) with the aim of both increasing sample size (236 SRD and controls) to obtain a clearer picture of group differences, and of further assessing the consistency of the findings across languages. VBM analysis reveals a significant group difference in a single cluster in the left thalamus. Furthermore, we observe correlations between reading accuracy and GMV in the left supramarginal gyrus and in the left cerebellum, in controls only. Most strikingly, we fail to replicate all the group differences in GMV reported in previous studies, despite the superior statistical power. The main limitation of this study is the heterogeneity of the sample drawn from different countries (i.e., speaking languages with varying orthographic transparencies) and selected based on different assessment batteries. Nevertheless, analyses within each country support the conclusions of the cross-linguistic analysis. Explanations for the discrepancy between the present and previous studies may include: (1) the limited suitability of VBM to reveal the subtle brain disruptions underlying SRD; (2) insufficient correction for multiple statistical tests and flexibility in data analysis, and (3) publication bias in favor of positive results. Thus the study echoes widespread concerns about the risk of false-positive results inherent to small-scale VBM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of PsychophysiologyDepartment of NeurophysiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain ImagingNeurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Irene Altarelli
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et PsycholinguistiqueDépartement d'Etudes CognitivesEcole Normale Supérieure, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Brain and Learning Laboratory, FPSE, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Ana Karla Monzalvo Lopez
- INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging UnitGif sur Yvette91191France
- Commissariat ´ l'Energie Atomique, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of BioImaging, Neurospin centerGif sur Yvette91191France
- University Paris 11OrsayFrance
| | - Muna van Ermingen‐Marbach
- Department of PsychiatryPsychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenGermany
- SRH University of Applied Sciences for Health Gera GmbHGeraGermany
| | - Marion Grande
- Section Clinical and Cognitive NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurologyUniklinik RWTH AachenGermany
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Laboratory of PsychophysiologyDepartment of NeurophysiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
- University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Stefan Heim
- Department of PsychiatryPsychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenGermany
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine [INM‐1]JülichGermany
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et PsycholinguistiqueDépartement d'Etudes CognitivesEcole Normale Supérieure, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
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Weissberger GH, Gollan TH, Bondi MW, Clark LR, Wierenga CE. Language and task switching in the bilingual brain: Bilinguals are staying, not switching, experts. Neuropsychologia 2015; 66:193-203. [PMID: 25446970 PMCID: PMC4596720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bilinguals' ability to control which language they speak and to switch between languages may rely on neurocognitive mechanisms shared with non-linguistic task switching. However, recent studies also reveal some limitations on the extent control mechanisms are shared across domains, introducing the possibility that some control mechanisms are unique to language. We investigated this hypothesis by directly comparing the neural correlates of task switching and language switching. Nineteen Spanish-English bilingual university students underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study employing a hybrid (event-related and blocked) design involving both color-shape switching and language switching paradigms. We compared the two switching tasks using within-subject voxel-wise t-tests for each of three trial types (single trials in single blocks, and stay and switch trials in mixed blocks). Comparing trial types to baseline in each task revealed widespread activation for single, stay, and switch trials in both color-shape and language switching. Direct comparisons of each task for each trial type revealed few differences between tasks on single and switch trials, but large task differences during stay trials, with more widespread activation for the non-linguistic than for the language task. Our results confirm previous suggestions of shared mechanisms of switching across domains, but also reveal bilinguals have greater efficiency for sustaining the inhibition of the non-target language than the non-target task when two responses are available. This efficiency of language control might arise from bilinguals' need to control interference from the non-target language specifically when not switching languages, when speaking in single- or mixed-language contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali H Weissberger
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct. #103, San Diego 92120-4913, United States
| | - Tamar H Gollan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC: 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States
| | - Mark W Bondi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego 92161, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC: 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States
| | - Lindsay R Clark
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct. #103, San Diego 92120-4913, United States
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego 92161, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC: 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States.
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21
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Rilling JK. Comparative primate neurobiology and the evolution of brain language systems. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 28:10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Hirshorn EA, Dye MWG, Hauser PC, Supalla TR, Bavelier D. Neural networks mediating sentence reading in the deaf. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:394. [PMID: 24959127 PMCID: PMC4050738 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work addresses the neural bases of sentence reading in deaf populations. To better understand the relative role of deafness and spoken language knowledge in shaping the neural networks that mediate sentence reading, three populations with different degrees of English knowledge and depth of hearing loss were included—deaf signers, oral deaf and hearing individuals. The three groups were matched for reading comprehension and scanned while reading sentences. A similar neural network of left perisylvian areas was observed, supporting the view of a shared network of areas for reading despite differences in hearing and English knowledge. However, differences were observed, in particular in the auditory cortex, with deaf signers and oral deaf showing greatest bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) recruitment as compared to hearing individuals. Importantly, within deaf individuals, the same STG area in the left hemisphere showed greater recruitment as hearing loss increased. To further understand the functional role of such auditory cortex re-organization after deafness, connectivity analyses were performed from the STG regions identified above. Connectivity from the left STG toward areas typically associated with semantic processing (BA45 and thalami) was greater in deaf signers and in oral deaf as compared to hearing. In contrast, connectivity from left STG toward areas identified with speech-based processing was greater in hearing and in oral deaf as compared to deaf signers. These results support the growing literature indicating recruitment of auditory areas after congenital deafness for visually-mediated language functions, and establish that both auditory deprivation and language experience shape its functional reorganization. Implications for differential reliance on semantic vs. phonological pathways during reading in the three groups is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hirshorn
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA ; Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew W G Dye
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA ; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Peter C Hauser
- National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ted R Supalla
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daphne Bavelier
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA ; Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'éducation, Université de Genève Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Mansour A, Bowyer SM, Richard AE, Moran JE, Erdodi LA, Olszewski A, Pawluk L, Jacobson D, Vogt K, Moore AM, Lajiness-O’Neill R. Magnetoencephalography Coherence Source Imaging in Dyslexia: Activation of Working Memory Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2014.516193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Strbian D, Sundararajan S. Young patient with aphasia, monoparesis, facial drop, facial sensory loss, diplopia, dysarthria, and vertical gaze palsy. Stroke 2013; 44:e146-7. [PMID: 24130136 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strbian
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (D.S.); and Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (S.S.)
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25
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Ward LM. The thalamus: gateway to the mind. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2013; 4:609-622. [DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M. Ward
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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26
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Abstract
Listeners show a remarkable ability to quickly adjust to degraded speech input. Here, we aimed to identify the neural mechanisms of such short-term perceptual adaptation. In a sparse-sampling, cardiac-gated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition, human listeners heard and repeated back 4-band-vocoded sentences (in which the temporal envelope of the acoustic signal is preserved, while spectral information is highly degraded). Clear-speech trials were included as baseline. An additional fMRI experiment on amplitude modulation rate discrimination quantified the convergence of neural mechanisms that subserve coping with challenging listening conditions for speech and non-speech. First, the degraded speech task revealed an "executive" network (comprising the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex), parts of which were also activated in the non-speech discrimination task. Second, trial-by-trial fluctuations in successful comprehension of degraded speech drove hemodynamic signal change in classic "language" areas (bilateral temporal cortices). Third, as listeners perceptually adapted to degraded speech, downregulation in a cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit was observable. The present data highlight differential upregulation and downregulation in auditory-language and executive networks, respectively, with important subcortical contributions when successfully adapting to a challenging listening situation.
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27
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Lauterbach EC, Cummings JL, Kuppuswamy PS. Toward a more precise, clinically—informed pathophysiology of pathological laughing and crying. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1893-916. [PMID: 23518269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Seghier ML, Price CJ. Dissociating frontal regions that co-lateralize with different ventral occipitotemporal regions during word processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:133-140. [PMID: 23728081 PMCID: PMC3730055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ventral occipitotemporal sulcus (vOT) sustains strong interactions with the inferior frontal cortex during word processing. Consequently, activation in both regions co-lateralize towards the same hemisphere in healthy subjects. Because the determinants of lateralisation differ across posterior, middle and anterior vOT subregions, we investigated whether lateralisation in different inferior frontal regions would co-vary with lateralisation in the three different vOT subregions. A whole brain analysis found that, during semantic decisions on written words, laterality covaried in (1) posterior vOT and the precentral gyrus; (2) middle vOT and the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and supramarginal gyrus; and (3) anterior vOT and the pars orbitalis, middle frontal gyrus and thalamus. These findings increase the spatial resolution of our understanding of how vOT interacts with other brain areas during semantic categorisation on words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
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29
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Crosson B. Thalamic mechanisms in language: a reconsideration based on recent findings and concepts. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:73-88. [PMID: 22831779 PMCID: PMC3514571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature on thalamic aphasia and thalamic activity during neuroimaging is selectively reviewed followed by a consideration of recent anatomic and physiological findings regarding thalamic structure and functions. It is concluded that four related corticothalamic and/or thalamocortical mechanisms impact language processing: (1) selective engagement of task-relevant cortical areas in a heightened state of responsiveness in part through the nucleus reticularis (NR), (2) passing information from one cortical area to another through corticothalamo-cortical mechanisms, (3) sharpening the focus on task-relevant information through corticothalamo-cortical feedback mechanisms, and (4) selection of one language unit over another in the expression of a concept, accomplished in concert with basal ganglia loops. The relationship and interaction of these mechanisms is discussed and integrated with thalamic aphasia and neuroimaging data into a theory of thalamic functions in language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- VA RR&D Center of Excellence (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
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30
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Llano DA. Voices below the surface: is there a role for the thalamus in language? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:20-21. [PMID: 23148866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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31
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Barbas H, García-Cabezas MÁ, Zikopoulos B. Frontal-thalamic circuits associated with language. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:49-61. [PMID: 23211411 PMCID: PMC3615046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thalamic nuclei associated with language including the ventral lateral, ventral anterior, intralaminar and mediodorsal form a hub that uniquely receives the output of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and is connected with frontal (premotor and prefrontal) cortices through two parallel circuits: a thalamic pathway targets the middle frontal cortical layers focally, and the other innervates widely cortical layer 1, poised to recruit other cortices and thalamic nuclei for complex cognitive operations. Return frontal pathways to the thalamus originate from cortical layers 6 and 5. Information through this integrated thalamo-cortical system is gated by the inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus and modulated by dopamine, representing a specialization in primates. The intricate dialogue of distinct thalamic nuclei with the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and specific dorsolateral prefrontal and premotor cortices associated with language, suggests synergistic roles in the complex but seemingly effortless sequential transformation of cognitive operations for speech production in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Barbas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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32
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Hart J, Maguire MJ, Motes M, Mudar RA, Chiang HS, Womack KB, Kraut MA. Semantic memory retrieval circuit: role of pre-SMA, caudate, and thalamus. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:89-98. [PMID: 22964132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose that pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA)-thalamic interactions govern processes fundamental to semantic retrieval of an integrated object memory. At the onset of semantic retrieval, pre-SMA initiates electrical interactions between multiple cortical regions associated with semantic memory subsystems encodings as indexed by an increase in theta-band EEG power. This starts between 100-150 ms after stimulus presentation and is sustained throughout the task. We posit that this activity represents initiation of the object memory search, which continues in searching for an object memory. When the correct memory is retrieved, there is a high beta-band EEG power increase, which reflects communication between pre-SMA and thalamus, designates the end of the search process and resultant in object retrieval from multiple semantic memory subsystems. This high beta signal is also detected in cortical regions. This circuit is modulated by the caudate nuclei to facilitate correct and suppress incorrect target memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hart
- Berman Laboratory for Learning and Memory, Center for BrainHealth, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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33
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Llano DA. Functional imaging of the thalamus in language. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:62-72. [PMID: 22981716 PMCID: PMC4836874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the literature regarding functional imaging of the thalamus during language tasks is reviewed. Fifty studies met criteria for analysis. Two of the most common task paradigms associated with thalamic activation were generative tasks (e.g. word or sentence generation) and naming, though activation was also seen in tasks that involve lexical decision, reading and working memory. Typically, thalamic activation was seen bilaterally, left greater than right, along with activation in frontal and temporal cortical regions. Thalamic activation was seen with perceptually challenging tasks, though few studies rigorously correlated thalamic activation with measures of attention or task difficulty. The peaks of activation loci were seen in virtually all thalamic regions, with a bias towards left-sided and midline activation. These analyses suggest that the thalamus may be involved in processes that involve manipulations of lexical information, but point to the need for more systematic study of the thalamus using language tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Llano
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.
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Zhang J, Chu KW, Teague EB, Newmark RE, Buchsbaum MS. fMRI assessment of thalamocortical connectivity during attentional performance. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1112-8. [PMID: 23727467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown dysfunction in key areas associated with the thalamocortical circuit in patients with schizophrenia. This study examined the functional connectivity involving the frontal-thalamic circuitry during a spatial focusing-of-attention task in 18 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls. Functional connectivity was analyzed by assigning seed regions (in the thalamic nuclei (mediodorsal nucleus (MDN), pulvinar, anterior nucleus (AN)), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 46), and the caudate), and correlating their respective activity with that in the non-seed regions voxel-wise. Functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that functional connectivity was significantly impaired in patients, e.g., between the right pulvinar and regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices and the cerebellum. On the other hand, enhanced functional connectivity was found in patients, e.g., between the AN and regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices. In addition, the patients had significantly lower task performance and less (but non-significant) brain activation than those of controls. These results revealed disturbed functional integration in schizophrenia, and suggested that the functional connectivity abnormalities in the thalamocortical circuitry, especially the frontal-thalamic circuitry, may underlie the attention deficits in schizophrenia patients. Further, this study suggested that functional connectivity analysis might be more sensitive than brain activation analysis in detecting the functional abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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35
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Ford AA, Triplett W, Sudhyadhom A, Gullett J, McGregor K, Fitzgerald DB, Mareci T, White K, Crosson B. Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:8. [PMID: 23675324 PMCID: PMC3650618 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades structural connectivity between Broca's area and the basal ganglia has been postulated in the literature, though no direct evidence of this connectivity has yet been presented. The current study investigates this connectivity using a novel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) fiber tracking method in humans in vivo. Our findings suggest direct connections between sub-regions of Broca's area and the anterior one-third of the putamen, as well as the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Thus, we are the first to provide a detailed account of inferred circuitry involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and Broca's area, which would be a prerequisite to substantiate their support of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Ford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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36
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PUGH KR, LANDI N, PRESTON JL, MENCL WE, AUSTIN AC, SIBLEY D, FULBRIGHT RK, SEIDENBERG MS, GRIGORENKO EL, CONSTABLE RT, MOLFESE P, FROST SJ. The relationship between phonological and auditory processing and brain organization in beginning readers. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 125:173-83. [PMID: 22572517 PMCID: PMC3417084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We employed brain-behavior analyses to explore the relationship between performance on tasks measuring phonological awareness, pseudoword decoding, and rapid auditory processing (all predictors of reading (dis)ability) and brain organization for print and speech in beginning readers. For print-related activation, we observed a shared set of skill-correlated regions, including left hemisphere temporoparietal and occipitotemporal sites, as well as inferior frontal, visual, visual attention, and subcortical components. For speech-related activation, shared variance among reading skill measures was most prominently correlated with activation in left hemisphere inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. Implications for brain-based models of literacy acquisition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. PUGH
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychology
| | - Nicole LANDI
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Yale University Child Study Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert K. FULBRIGHT
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology
| | - Mark S. SEIDENBERG
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Psychology
| | | | - R. Todd CONSTABLE
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology
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37
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Wang X, Han Z, He Y, Liu L, Bi Y. Resting-state functional connectivity patterns predict Chinese word reading competency. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44848. [PMID: 23028644 PMCID: PMC3454382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) offers a novel approach to reveal the temporal synchronization of functionally related brain regions. Recent studies have identified several RSFCs whose strength was associated with reading competence in alphabetic languages. In the present study, we examined the role of intrinsic functional relations for reading a non-alphabetic language – Chinese – by correlating RSFC maps of nine Chinese reading-related seed regions and reaction time in the single-character reading task. We found that Chinese reading efficiency was positively correlated with the connection between left inferior occipital gyrus and left superior parietal lobule, between right posterior fusiform gyrus and right superior parietal lobule, and between left inferior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule. These results could not be attributed to inter-individual differences arising from the peripheral processes of the reading task such as visual input detection and articulation. The observed RSFC-reading correlation relationships are discussed in the framework of Chinese character reading, including visuospatial analyses and semantic/phonological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Theys T, Van Cauter S, Kho KH, Vijverman AC, Peeters RR, Sunaert S, van Loon J. Neural correlates of recovery from Foix–Chavany–Marie syndrome. J Neurol 2012; 260:415-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Hoffmann M. Thalamic semantic paralexia. Neurol Int 2012; 4:e6. [PMID: 22593810 PMCID: PMC3349961 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2012.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexia may be divided into different subtypes, with semantic paralexia being particularly rare. A 57 year old woman with a discreet left thalamic stroke and semantic paralexia is described. Language evalution with the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Battery confirmed the semantic paralexia (deep alexia). Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging brain scanning excluded other cerebral lesions. A good recovery ensued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa and University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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40
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has described patients with aphasia from thalamic lesions, some of whom were non-fluent with intact comprehension, others who were fluent with impaired comprehension, and some of whom are non-fluent with impaired comprehension. Whereas these three subtypes usually have normal repetition, they had impaired naming, suggesting a deficit in lexical (phonological word forms)-semantic processing. We report a patient with a left thalamic hemorrhage in which lexical-semantic representations appear to be intact but the patient demonstrates an inability to spontaneously activate his lexical-semantic system. METHODS A 82-year-old, right-handed man presented with decreased verbal fluency and memory loss following a thalamic hemorrhage. Neuropsychological assessment revealed significant decrements in verbal fluency with intact naming, comprehension, repetition and vocabulary. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge this pattern of language disturbance, which mirrors dynamic aphasia induced by frontal lesions, has not previously been described with thalamic injury. The thalamus has strong connections with the frontal lobe and rather than degradation of lexical-semantic representations, this patient's thalamic lesion probably induced frontal lobe dysfunction with a failure to spontaneously active lexical semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Cox
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuropsychological Studies, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA.
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41
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Vannest J, Newport EL, Newman AJ, Bavelier D. Interplay between morphology and frequency in lexical access: the case of the base frequency effect. Brain Res 2010; 1373:144-59. [PMID: 21167136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A major issue in lexical processing concerns storage and access of lexical items. Here we make use of the base frequency effect to examine this. Specifically, reaction time to morphologically complex words (words made up of base and suffix, e.g., agree+able) typically reflects frequency of the base element (i.e., total frequency of all words in which agree appears) rather than surface word frequency (i.e., frequency of agreeable itself). We term these complex words decomposable. However, a class of words termed whole-word do not show such sensitivity to base frequency (e.g., serenity). Using an event-related MRI design, we exploited the fact that processing low-frequency words increases BOLD activity relative to high frequency ones, and examined effects of base frequency on brain activity for decomposable and whole-word items. Morphologically complex words, half high and half low base frequency, were compared to match high and low frequency simple monomorphemic words using a lexical decision task. Morphologically complex words increased activation in the left inferior frontal and left superior temporal cortices versus simple words. The only area to mirror the behavioral distinction between the decomposable and the whole-word types was the thalamus. Surprisingly, most frequency-sensitive areas failed to show base frequency effects. This variety of responses to frequency and word type across brain areas supports an integrative view of multiple variables during lexical access, rather than a dichotomy between memory-based access and on-line computation. Lexical access appears best captured as interplay of several neural processes with different sensitivities to various linguistic factors including frequency and morphological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vannest
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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42
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Sabatinelli D, Fortune EE, Li Q, Siddiqui A, Krafft C, Oliver WT, Beck S, Jeffries J. Emotional perception: meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing. Neuroimage 2010; 54:2524-33. [PMID: 20951215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging studies of emotional processing typically contain neutral control conditions that serve to remove simple effects of visual perception, thus revealing the additional emotional process. Here we seek to identify similarities and differences across 100 studies of emotional face processing and 57 studies of emotional scene processing, using a coordinate-based meta-analysis technique. The overlay of significant meta-analyses resulted in extensive overlap in clusters, coupled with offset and unique clusters of reliable activity. The area of greatest overlap is the amygdala, followed by regions of medial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal/orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, and extrastriate occipital cortex. Emotional face-specific clusters were identified in regions known to be involved in face processing, including anterior fusiform gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and emotional scene studies were uniquely associated with lateral occipital cortex, as well as pulvinar and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. One global result of the meta-analysis reveals that a class of visual stimuli (faces vs. scenes) has a considerable impact on the resulting emotion effects, even after removing the basic visual perception effects through subtractive contrasts. Pure effects of emotion may thus be difficult to remove for the particular class of stimuli employed in an experimental paradigm. Whether a researcher chooses to tightly control the various elements of the emotional stimuli, as with posed face photographs, or allow variety and environmental realism into their evocative stimuli, as with natural scenes, will depend on the desired generalizability of their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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43
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Ford A, McGregor KM, Case K, Crosson B, White KD. Structural connectivity of Broca's area and medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage 2010; 52:1230-7. [PMID: 20488246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over 140 years of research on Broca's area, the connections of this region to medial frontal cortex remain unclear. The current study investigates this structural connectivity using diffusion-weighted MRI tractography in living humans. Our results show connections between Broca's area and Brodmann's areas (BA) 9, 8, and 6 (both supplementary motor area (SMA) in caudal BA 6, and Pre-SMA in rostral BA 6). Trajectories follow an anterior-to-posterior gradient, wherein the most anterior portions of Broca's area connect to BA 9 and 8 while posterior Broca's area connects to Pre-SMA and SMA. This anterior-posterior connectivity gradient is also present when connectivity-based parcellation of Broca's area is performed. Previous studies of language organization suggest involvement of anterior Broca's area in semantics and posterior Broca's area in syntax/phonology. Given corresponding patterns of functional and structural organization of Broca's area, it seems well warranted to investigate carefully how anterior vs. posterior medial frontal cortex differentially affect semantics, syntax and phonology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ford
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Carreiras M, Riba J, Vergara M, Heldmann M, Münte TF. Syllable congruency and word frequency effects on brain activation. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:3079-88. [PMID: 19172625 PMCID: PMC6871191 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the neural representation of the processes involved in recognizing multisyllabic words in Spanish asking whether lexical and sublexical processes are reflected in a different neuronal activation pattern. High and low frequency words were presented for lexical decision in two different colors. In the congruent condition the color boundaries matched the limit of the first syllable, whereas in the incongruent condition color boundaries and syllable boundaries did not match. The results revealed robust and dissociable brain activations for lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency, but no interaction between the two. We interpreted the greater activation for low relative to high frequency words in the left pre/SMA region, and in the insula/inferior frontal cortex bilaterally to reflect a differential recruitment of lexico-phonological and/or semantic processes. In contrast, we considered two interpretations for the greater deactivation in the precuneus for both lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency words, and in the thalami and a frontal area for syllable-color congruency words only. The deactivations may reflect the differential engagement of semantic processing or may result from the differential allocation of attentional resources. Importantly, while a differential deactivation pattern was observed in the precuneus region for lexicality and syllable-color congruency, BOLD deconvolution revealed a remarkable difference in timing of the two effects with a much earlier deactivation peak for the syllable-color congruency factor. Thus, effects of lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency on brain activation show an important dissociation between lexical and sublexical processes during visual word recognition of multisyllabic words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carreiras
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain.
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Abstract
Functional neuroimaging and lesion studies have frequently reported thalamic and putamen activation during reading and speech production. However, it is currently unknown how activity in these structures interacts with that in other reading and speech production areas. This study investigates how reading aloud modulates the neuronal interactions between visual recognition and articulatory areas, when both the putamen and thalamus are explicitly included. Using dynamic causal modeling in skilled readers who were reading regularly spelled English words, we compared 27 possible pathways that might connect the ventral anterior occipito-temporal sulcus (aOT) to articulatory areas in the precentral cortex (PrC). We focused on whether the neuronal interactions within these pathways were increased by reading relative to picture naming and other visual and articulatory control conditions. The results provide strong evidence that reading boosts the aOT–PrC pathway via the putamen but not the thalamus. However, the putamen pathway was not exclusive because there was also evidence for another reading pathway that did not involve either the putamen or the thalamus. We conclude that the putamen plays a special role in reading but this is likely to vary with individual reading preferences and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Byne W, Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS, Kemether E. The thalamus and schizophrenia: current status of research. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 117:347-68. [PMID: 18604544 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-008-0404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus provides a nodal link for multiple functional circuits that are impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). Despite inconsistencies in the literature, a meta analysis suggests that the volume of the thalamus relative to that of the brain is decreased in SZ. Morphometric neuroimaging studies employing deformation, voxel-based and region of interest methodologies suggest that the volume deficit preferentially affects the thalamic regions containing the anterior and mediodorsal nuclei, and the pulvinar. Postmortem design-based stereological studies have produced mixed results regarding volume and neuronal deficits in these nuclei. This review examines those aspects of thalamic circuitry and function that suggest salience to SZ. Evidence for anomalies of thalamic structure and function obtained from postmortem and neuroimaging studies is then examined and directions for further research proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Byne
- Department of Psychiatry, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research Bldg. Room 2F39, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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The thalamostriatal systems: anatomical and functional organization in normal and parkinsonian states. Brain Res Bull 2008; 78:60-8. [PMID: 18805468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although we have gained significant knowledge in the anatomy and microcircuitry of the thalamostriatal system over the last decades, the exact function(s) of these complex networks remain(s) poorly understood. It is now clear that the thalamostriatal system is not a unique entity, but consists of multiple neural systems that originate from a wide variety of thalamic nuclei and terminate in functionally segregated striatal territories. The primary source of thalamostriatal projections is the caudal intralaminar nuclear group which, in primates, comprises the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei (CM/Pf). These two nuclei provide massive, functionally organized glutamatergic inputs to the whole striatal complex. There are several anatomical and physiological features that distinguish this system from other thalamostriatal projections. Although all glutamatergic thalamostriatal neurons express vGluT2 and release glutamate as neurotransmitter, CM/Pf neurons target preferentially the dendritic shafts of striatal projection neurons, whereas all other thalamic inputs are almost exclusively confined to the head of dendritic spines. This anatomic arrangement suggests that transmission of input from sources other than CM/Pf to the striatal neurons is likely regulated by dopaminergic afferents in the same manner as cortical inputs, while the CM/Pf axo-dendritic synapses do not display any particular relationships with dopaminergic terminals. A better understanding of the role of these systems in the functional circuitry of the basal ganglia relies on future research of the physiology and pathophysiology of these networks in normal and pathological basal ganglia conditions. Although much remains to be known about the role of these systems, recent electrophysiological studies from awake monkeys have provided convincing evidence that the CM/Pf-striatal system is the entrance for attention-related stimuli to the basal ganglia circuits. However, the processing and transmission of this information likely involves intrinsic GABAergic and cholinergic striatal networks, thereby setting the stage for complex physiological responses of striatal output neurons to CM/Pf activation. Finally, another exciting development that will surely generate significant interest towards the thalamostriatal systems in years to come is the possibility that CM/Pf may be a potential surgical target for movement disorders, most particularly Tourette syndrome and Parkinson's disease. Although the available clinical evidence is encouraging, these procedures remain empirical at this stage because of the limited understanding of the thalamostriatal systems.
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Szirmai I. [Neurology of cognition and language in the publications of Kálmán Sántha and today]. Orv Hetil 2008; 149:825-30. [PMID: 18436510 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2008.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on histopathological investigation of the brain of exceptionally talented persons Sántha found increased volume of parietal association areas with abundance of cells. He supposed that the angular gyrus may be a "memory field". In his publication Genius and inheritance he expressed that: "Talent is a child of the present, but the genius is born for eternity." He discussed the localization of sensory and motor amnestic aphasia analysing the signs of patient with brain tumor and called attention to concomitant psychological symptoms. He found crossed aphasia in twice as many lefthanded than righthanded persons. This may explain the recent observations that the restitution of aphasia is predetermined; speech ability of ambidexterous or latent lefthanded persons improve better. He analysed the topography of emotional and voluntary facial palsy. The currently accepted hierarchical concept of mental and speech ability can be derived from the ouevre of Sántha and his predecessors. Sántha can be honoured as a forerunner of the modern theories of aphasia localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Szirmai
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Budapest.
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Ment LR, Constable RT. Injury and recovery in the developing brain: evidence from functional MRI studies of prematurely born children. NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE. NEUROLOGY 2007; 3:558-71. [PMID: 17914344 PMCID: PMC2673538 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) might provide important insights into emerging data that suggest that recovery from injury can occur in the brains of children born prematurely. Strategies employing auditory stimulation demonstrate blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in preterm infants as young as 33 weeks' gestational age, and reliable BOLD signal in response to visual stimulation occurs at term-equivalent age. Strategies based on fMRI are particularly suited to the study of language and memory, and emerging data are likely to provide insights into perplexing reports that have demonstrated improving cognitive scores but persistent volumetric and microstructural changes in frontotemporal language systems in the prematurely born. Even when sex, gestational age and early medical and environmental interventions are taken into account, fMRI data from several investigators suggest the engagement of alternative neural networks for language and memory in the developing preterm brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Ment
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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