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Dainese-Marque O, Garcia V, Andrieu-Abadie N, Riond J. Contribution of Keratinocytes in Skin Cancer Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8813. [PMID: 39201498 PMCID: PMC11354502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are major cellular components of the skin and are strongly involved in its homeostasis. Oncogenic events, starting mainly from excessive sun exposure, lead to the dysregulation of their proliferation and differentiation programs and promote the initiation and progression of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Primary melanomas, which originate from melanocytes, initiate and develop in close interaction with keratinocytes, whose role in melanoma initiation, progression, and immune escape is currently being explored. Recent studies highlighted, in particular, unexpected modes of communication between melanocytic cells and keratinocytes, which may be of interest as sources of new biomarkers in melanomagenesis or potential therapeutic targets. This review aims at reporting the various contributions of keratinocytes in skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma, with a greater focus on the latter in order to highlight some recent breakthrough findings. The readers are referred to recent reviews when contextual information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Riond
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
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2
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Wolf CL, Pruett C, Lighter D, Jorcyk CL. The clinical relevance of OSM in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239732. [PMID: 37841259 PMCID: PMC10570509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a variety of inflammatory responses such as wound healing, liver regeneration, and bone remodeling. As a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, OSM binds the shared receptor gp130, recruits either OSMRβ or LIFRβ, and activates a variety of signaling pathways including the JAK/STAT, MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Since its discovery in 1986, OSM has been identified as a significant contributor to a multitude of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung and skin disease, cardiovascular disease, and most recently, COVID-19. Additionally, OSM has also been extensively studied in the context of several cancer types including breast, cervical, ovarian, testicular, colon and gastrointestinal, brain,lung, skin, as well as other cancers. While OSM has been recognized as a significant contributor for each of these diseases, and studies have shown OSM inhibition is effective at treating or reducing symptoms, very few therapeutics have succeeded into clinical trials, and none have yet been approved by the FDA for treatment. In this review, we outline the role OSM plays in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, and outline the previous and current strategies for developing an inhibitor for OSM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L. Wolf
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Clyde Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Darren Lighter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Jorcyk
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
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3
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Franco YA, de Moraes MO, Carvalho LAC, Dohle W, da Silva RO, Noma IHY, Lima K, Potter BVL, Machado-Neto JA, Maria-Engler SS. 2-Methoxyestradiol-3,17- O, O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion via Senescence Pathway Induction in Human BRAFi-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11314. [PMID: 37511073 PMCID: PMC10378825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous estradiol derivative 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) has shown good and wide anticancer activity but suffers from poor oral bioavailability and extensive metabolic conjugation. However, its sulfamoylated derivative, 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140), has superior potential as a therapeutic agent, acts by disrupting microtubule polymerization, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells and possesses much better pharmaceutical properties. This study investigated the antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities of STX140 in both SKMEL-28 naïve melanoma (SKMEL28-P) cells and resistant melanoma cells (SKMEL-28R). STX140 inhibited cell proliferation in the nanomolar range while having a less pronounced effect on human melanocytes. Additionally, STX140 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and sub-G1, reduced migration, and clonogenic potential in monolayer models, and inhibited invasion in a 3D human skin model with melanoma cells. Furthermore, STX140 induced senescence features in melanoma and activated the senescence machinery by upregulating the expression of senescence genes and proteins related to senescence signaling. These findings suggest that STX140 may hold potential as a therapeutic agent for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylana Adami Franco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Oliveira de Moraes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa A C Carvalho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - João A Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Butantã 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Tabolacci C, De Vita D, Facchiano A, Bozzuto G, Beninati S, Failla CM, Di Martile M, Lintas C, Mischiati C, Stringaro A, Del Bufalo D, Facchiano F. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Agents in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2657. [PMID: 36768978 PMCID: PMC9916941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its growth and metastatic dissemination. Recently, a large amount of published reports indicate the interest of researchers and clinicians about plant secondary metabolites as potentially useful therapeutic tools due to their lower presence of side effects coupled with their high potency and efficacy. Published evidence was reported in most cases through in vitro studies but also, with a growing body of evidence, through in vivo investigations. Our aim was, therefore, to review the published studies focused on the most interesting phytochemicals whose immunomodulatory activities and/or mechanisms of actions were demonstrated and applied to melanoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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DNA damage induces STING mediated IL-6-STAT3 survival pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells and decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Apoptosis 2022; 27:961-978. [PMID: 36018392 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is aggressive and metastatic breast cancer type and shows immune evasion, drug resistance, relapse and poor survival. Anti-cancer therapy like ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drug majorly induces DNA damage hence, alteration in DNA damage repair and downstream pathways may contribute to tumor cell survival. DNA damage during chemotherapy is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which determines the anti-tumor immune response by modulating the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), immune suppressor, in the tumor microenvironment. Triple-negative breast cancer cells are cGAS-STING positive and modulation of this pathway during DNA damage response for survival and immune escape mechanism is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that doxorubicin-mediated DNA damage induces STING mediated NF-κB activation in triple-negative as compared to ER/PR positive breast cancer cells. STING-mediated NF-κB induces the expression of IL-6 in triple-negative breast cancer cells and activates pSTAT3, which enhances cell survival and PD-L1 expression. Doxorubicin and STAT3 inhibitor act synergistically and inhibit cell survival and clonogenicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Knockdown of STING in triple-negative breast cancer cells enhances CD8 mediated immune cell death of breast cancer cells. The combinatorial treatment of triple-negative breast cells with doxorubicin and STAT3 inhibitor reduces PD-L1 expression and activates immune cell-mediated cancer cell death. Further STING and IL-6 levels show a positive correlation in breast cancer patients and poor survival outcomes. The study here strongly suggests that STING mediated activation of NF-κB enhances IL-6 mediated STAT3 in triple-negative breast cancer cells which induces cell survival and immune-suppressive mechanism.
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6
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Cytokine chemokine network in tumor microenvironment: Impact on CSC properties and therapeutic applications. Cytokine 2022; 156:155916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pan Y, Liao X, Yang L, Zhang C, Wang J, Zheng P, Yu G, Song H. Extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon [Apocynaceae] Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900128. [PMID: 35847002 PMCID: PMC9279733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Marsdeniatenacissima (Roxb.) Moon [Apocynaceae] (MTE) has shown a significant anti-cancer effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used transcriptomics methods to investigate the underlying mechanism of MTE against HCC. Both MHCC97H and HepG2 cell lines were treated with MTE. The cell viability and migration were measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay and transwell assay. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HepG2 cells treated with and without MTE. The expression levels of selected DEGs—vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRB), and von Willebrand factor (VWF)—were verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of conditioned medium from HCC cells with MTE treatment (CM-MTE) on blood vessels was observed by tube formation assay of HUVECs and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. A mouse model of HCC patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) was established and treated with MTE. The effect of MTE on the growth and angiogenesis of HCC-PDX was analyzed. The results demonstrated that MTE inhibited the viability and migration of HCC cells. RNA-seq showed that MTE treatment downregulated multiple genes associated with metabolism and angiogenesis. The expression levels of VEGFA, VWF, PDGFB, and PDGFRB in HCC cells were significantly suppressed by MTE. Meanwhile, MTE effectively inhibited the tube-forming capability of HUVECs and the angiogenesis of chick CAM. In vivo experiments revealed that the extract reduced tumor volume, inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, and expanded the necrotic area of the tumor. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of CD31, PDGFB, VEGF, VWF, and PDGFRB in the HCC-PDX tumor tissues were all downregulated by MTE in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, MTE could inhibit angiogenesis by repressing the expression of VEGF, VWF, PDGF, and PDGFRB in HCC cells, a mechanism that may enable MTE to counter HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Pan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guanzhen Yu, ; Haiyan Song, ; Peiyong Zheng,
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guanzhen Yu, ; Haiyan Song, ; Peiyong Zheng,
| | - Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guanzhen Yu, ; Haiyan Song, ; Peiyong Zheng,
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8
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Man X, Yang X, Wei Z, Tan Y, Li W, Jin H, Wang B. High expression level of CXCL1/GROα is linked to advanced stage and worse survival in uterine cervical cancer and facilitates tumor cell malignant processes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:712. [PMID: 35764974 PMCID: PMC9241244 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCL1 belongs to a member of the ELR + CXC chemokine subgroups that also known as GRO-alpha. It has been recognized that several types of human cancers constitutively express CXCL1, which may serve as a crucial mediator involved in cancer development and metastasis via an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of CXCL1 in human uterine cervix cancer (UCC), as well as its roles and mechanisms in UCC tumor biology remains entirely unclear. Methods The expression and clinical significance of CXCL1 in UCC tissues was explored using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analyses. The expression and effects of CXCL1 in HeLa UCC cells were assessed using ELISA, CCK-8 and transwell assays. Western blotting experiments were performed to evaluate the potential mechanism of CXCL1 on malignant behaviors of HeLa UCC cells. Results The current study demonstrated that CXCL1 was expressed in HeLa UCC cells, PHM1-41 human immortalized cervical stromal cells, as well as cervical tissues, with UCC tissues having an evidently high level of CXCL1. This high level of CXCL1 in cancer tissues was notably related to poor clinical stages and worse survival probability, rather than tumor infiltration and patient age. In addition, CXCL1 expression was extremely correlated with CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL3 cancer-associated chemokines expression. In vitro, the growth and migration abilities of HeLa cells were significantly enhanced in the presence of exogenous CXCL1. Gain-function assay revealed that CXCL1 overexpression significantly promoted growth and migration response in HeLa cells in both autocrine and paracrine manners. Finally, we found that CXCL1 overexpression in HeLa cells influenced the expression of ERK signal-related genes, and HeLa cell malignant behaviors derived from CXCL1 overexpression were further interrupted in the presence of the ERK1/2 blocker. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the potential roles of CXCL1 as a promoter and a novel understanding of the functional relationship between CXCL1 and the ERK signaling pathway in UCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09749-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Man
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Echocardiography, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Li
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baogang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Bahri R, Kiss O, Prise I, Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Atmoko H, Martínez-Gómez JM, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Smith MP, Wellbrock C, Bulfone-Paus S. Human Melanoma-Associated Mast Cells Display a Distinct Transcriptional Signature Characterized by an Upregulation of the Complement Component 3 That Correlates With Poor Prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861545. [PMID: 35669782 PMCID: PMC9163391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and shows increasing incidence. Mast cells (MCs), long-lived tissue-resident cells that are particularly abundant in human skin where they regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, are associated with melanoma stroma (MAMCs). Thus, MAMCs could impact melanoma development, progression, and metastasis by secreting proteases, pro-angiogenic factors, and both pro-inflammatory and immuno-inhibitory mediators. To interrogate the as-yet poorly characterized role of human MAMCs, we have purified MCs from melanoma skin biopsies and performed RNA-seq analysis. Here, we demonstrate that MAMCs display a unique transcriptome signature defined by the downregulation of the FcεRI signaling pathway, a distinct expression pattern of proteases and pro-angiogenic factors, and a profound upregulation of complement component C3. Furthermore, in melanoma tissue, we observe a significantly increased number of C3+ MCs in stage IV melanoma. Moreover, in patients, C3 expression significantly correlates with the MC-specific marker TPSAB1, and the high expression of both markers is linked with poorer melanoma survival. In vitro, we show that melanoma cell supernatants and tumor microenvironment (TME) mediators such as TGF-β, IL-33, and IL-1β induce some of the changes found in MAMCs and significantly modulate C3 expression and activity in MCs. Taken together, these data suggest that melanoma-secreted cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-1β contribute to the melanoma microenvironment by upregulating C3 expression in MAMCs, thus inducing an MC phenotype switch that negatively impacts melanoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Prise
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Haris Atmoko
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M. Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Navani V, Graves MC, Mandaliya H, Hong M, van der Westhuizen A, Martin J, Bowden NA. Melanoma: An immunotherapy journey from bench to bedside. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:49-89. [PMID: 35551656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma gave science a window into the role immune evasion plays in the development of malignancy. The entire spectrum of immune focused anti-cancer therapies has been subjected to clinical trials in this disease, with limited success until the immune checkpoint blockade era. That revolution launched first in melanoma, heralded a landscape change throughout cancer that continues to reverberate today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moira C Graves
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Hiren Mandaliya
- Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Martin Hong
- Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Andre van der Westhuizen
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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11
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Homann L, Rentschler M, Brenner E, Böhm K, Röcken M, Wieder T. IFN-γ and TNF Induce Senescence and a Distinct Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Melanoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091514. [PMID: 35563820 PMCID: PMC9103004 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a central pillar of melanoma treatment leading to durable response rates. Important mechanisms of action of ICB therapy include disinhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulated CD4+ T helper 1 cells secrete the effector cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), which induce senescence in tumor cells. Besides being growth-arrested, senescent cells are metabolically active and secrete a large spectrum of factors, which are summarized as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This secretome affects the tumor growth. Here, we compared the SASP of cytokine-induced senescent (CIS) cells with the SASP of therapy-induced senescent (TIS) cells. Therefore, we established in vitro models for CIS and TIS in melanoma. The human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-28 and WM115 were treated with the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF as CIS, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, and the cell cycle inhibitor palbociclib as TIS. Then, we determined several senescence markers, i.e., growth arrest, p21 expression, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. For SASP analyses, we measured the regulation and secretion of several common SASP factors using qPCR arrays, protein arrays, and ELISA. Each treatment initiated a stable growth arrest, enhanced SA-β-gal activity, and—except palbociclib—increased the expression of p21. mRNA and protein analyses revealed that gene expression and secretion of SASP factors were severalfold stronger in CIS than in TIS. Finally, we showed that treatment with the conditioned media (CM) derived from cytokine- and palbociclib-treated cells induced senescence characteristics in melanoma cells. Thus, we conclude that senescence induction via cytokines may lead to self-sustaining senescence surveillance of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Homann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.B.); (K.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (T.W.); Tel.: +49-7071-2986865 (L.H.); +49-7071-2978240 (T.W.)
| | - Maximilian Rentschler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.B.); (K.B.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Physiology I, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Brenner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.B.); (K.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Katharina Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.B.); (K.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.B.); (K.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Institute of Physiology I, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (T.W.); Tel.: +49-7071-2986865 (L.H.); +49-7071-2978240 (T.W.)
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12
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Cytotoxic Activity and Lymphocyte Subtypes in Mice Selected for Maximal and Minimal Inflammatory Response after Transplantation of B16F10 and S91 Melanoma Cells. Int J Inflam 2022; 2022:3298542. [PMID: 35265317 PMCID: PMC8901355 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3298542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIRmax and AIRmin mice strains were selected according to the intensity of their acute inflammatory responsiveness. Previous studies have shown that AIR mice differ in their resistance to chemically induced skin tumors and in the development of melanoma metastases, in addition to differences in neutrophil and NK cells activity. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate whether the difference of susceptibility to murine melanoma is associated with NK cytotoxic activity against Yac.1 cells and lymphocyte subsets. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with B16F10 or S91 melanoma cells. After 7, 14, or 30 days, the animals were euthanized to analyze the number of lymphocyte subsets, cytotoxic activity, and number of cytokine-producing spleen cells. AIRmax mice presented a higher number of CD4+/CD25+ cells than that of AIRmin mice following inoculation of B16F10 cells, whereas inoculation of S91 cells reduced CD4+/CD25+ and increased TCD8+ cell subsets in the AIRmax mice. AIRmax mice had a higher number of interleukin (IL)-10- and IL-12-producing cells and a lower number of interferon-γ–producing cells than those of AIRmin mice at 30 days. The cytotoxic activity of nonadherent spleen cells was similar in both the AIR strains. These results suggest that melanoma cells can induce different responses in AIR mice, possibly owing to alterations in regulatory mechanisms, such as the action of CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells and IL-10, in AIRmax mice.
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13
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NOX1 and NOX2: two enzymes that promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by melanoma conditioned media. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Nanoencapsulation of sulforaphane in broccoli membrane vesicles and their in vitro antiproliferative activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1490-1504. [PMID: 34714214 PMCID: PMC8567929 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of nanocarriers of plant origin, such as plant cell membranes, has recently been investigated. Also, plant bioactive compounds as sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli have recognized antioxidant or anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the capacity of membrane vesicles from broccoli (BM-vesicles) to encapsulate SFN and their application in the cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical analysis was carried out to characterize BM-vesicles through different approaches: dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, stopped-flow analysis, and proteomic analysis. They were applied at different concentrations (BM-vesicles at 0.04-0.00315% of protein and SFN at 5, 25, and 100 µM) in SK-MEL-28 cells during 24 h for studying cytotoxicity and gene expression. RESULTS The entrapment efficiency was 41%. The anticancer activity tested in cells showed a decrease in proliferation when SFN in BM-vesicles was utilized. Expression patterns when SFN was applied in an encapsulated form showed a reduction of cancer markers and an increase of AQP3. Also, the metabolism of SFN occurred inside of cells, and higher SFN penetrated when it was encapsulated. DISCUSSION The results showed that encapsulated SFN was better absorbed by melanoma cells providing metabolism products and a reduction of cancer molecular markers. Also aquaporin, AQP3 was pointed to as an important marker since it appeared to play a key role in homeostasis due to the importance of water transport in biological processes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SFN and SFN encapsulated in BM-vesicles have a high activity for the inhibition of melanocyte development. Therefore, BM-vesicles could serve as nanocarriers for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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15
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Chhabra G, Singh CK, Guzmán-Pérez G, Ndiaye MA, Iczkowski KA, Ahmad N. Anti-melanoma effects of concomitant inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in Braf V600E/Pten NULL mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1145-1157.e7. [PMID: 34597611 PMCID: PMC9199498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are required for the effective and lasting treatment of metastatic melanoma, one of the deadliest skin malignancies. In this study, we determined the anti-melanoma efficacy of 4'-bromo-resveratrol (4'-BR), which is a small molecule dual inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in a BrafV600E/PtenNULL mouse model that recapitulates human disease, including metastases. Tumors were induced by topical application of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen on shaved backs of 10-week-old mice, and the effects of 4'-BR (5-30 mg/kg b.wt.; intraperitoneally; 3d/week for 5 weeks) were assessed on melanoma development and progression. We found that 4'-BR at a dose of 30 mg/kg significantly reduced size and volume of primary melanoma tumors, as well as lung metastasis, with no adverse effects. Further, mechanistic studies on tumors showed significant modulation in markers of proliferation, survival and melanoma progression. As SIRT1 and SIRT3 are linked to immunomodulation, we performed differential gene expression analysis via NanoString PanCancer Immune Profiling panel (770 genes). Our data demonstrated that 4'-BR significantly downregulated genes related to metastasis-promotion, chemokine/cytokine-regulation, and innate/adaptive immune functions. Overall, inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by 4'-BR is a promising anti-melanoma therapy with anti-metastatic and immunomodulatory activities warranting further detailed studies, including clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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16
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Kartikasari AER, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692142. [PMID: 34307156 PMCID: PMC8294036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment promotes the secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types and stages of cancers. These cytokines may inhibit tumor development but alternatively may contribute to chronic inflammation that supports tumor growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners and have been linked to poor cancer outcomes. Such distinct sets of cytokines from the tumor microenvironment can be detected in the circulation and are thus potentially useful as biomarkers to detect cancers, predict disease outcomes and manage therapeutic choices. Indeed, analyses of circulating cytokines in combination with cancer-specific biomarkers have been proposed to simplify and improve cancer detection and prognosis, especially from minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such as blood. Additionally, the cytokine signaling signatures of the peripheral immune cells, even from patients with localized tumors, are recently found altered in cancer, and may also prove applicable as cancer biomarkers. Here we review cytokines induced by the tumor microenvironment, their roles in various stages of cancer development, and their potential use in diagnostics and prognostics. We further discuss the established and emerging diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect cancers from liquid biopsies, and additionally the technological advancement required for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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17
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Hancerliogullari D, Erdemir A, Kisa U. The effect of different irrigation solutions and activation techniques on the expression of growth factors from dentine of extracted premolar teeth. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1915-1924. [PMID: 34115394 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory study, the effect of different canal irrigant solutions and activation techniques on transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) release levels from the dentine of extracted premolar teeth. METHODOLOGY Seventy premolar teeth with single root and canal were used. The lengths of the root segments were standardized to 12 mm, and the root canals were prepared up to size 100 with hand files. All surfaces of the teeth were covered with nail polish except the inner root canal surface. The root canals were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl. Ten teeth were allocated to the control group. The remaining sixty teeth were divided into 2 main groups according to the chelating agent used (17% EDTA, 10% Citric acid; CA) and 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to irrigation activation technique (conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and Er:YAG laser activation). After the activation procedure, the root segments were placed into eppendorf tubes containing 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline solution and kept at 37℃. TGF-β1, IGF-1, BMP-7 and VEGF-A release levels from dentine were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method at 24 h and at day 7. The volume of root canals was calculated using cone-beam computed tomography. The growth factor levels were calculated in ng/mL except VEGF-A (pg/ml). Normality analysis of the data was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney-U and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS Regardless of the activation type and sampling time, EDTA caused significantly more IGF release than did CA, whereas EDTA and CA were equally effective for the release of the other growth factors. For either EDTA or CA, the lowest and highest growth factor release levels were observed in the CSI and Er:YAG laser groups, respectively (p < .05). All of the growth factors were released significantly more at 24 h than on day 7 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Irrigation activation techniques with EDTA or CA increased the release levels of all growth factors from the dentine of canal walls in extracted premolar teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Hancerliogullari
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdemir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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18
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Park J, Lee S, Choi J, Choi I. Extra- and Intracellular Monitoring of TGF-β Using Single Immunoplasmonic Nanoprobes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1823-1830. [PMID: 33755418 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known disease-related biomarker associated with fibrotic diseases, and initiation and progression of cancer in many organs. Therefore, quantitative and sensitive detection of TGF-β and similar biomarkers is crucial for patient treatment in the early stages of diagnosis. In many studies, the detection of TGF-β, an important profibrotic and cancer promoting cytokine, has been generally conducted by fluorescence or absorbance-based immunoassays. However, conventional methods for detecting TGF-β have problems including use of time-consuming sample pretreatment steps and multiple reagents for signal amplification and difficulty in real-time detection from living cells. Herein, we present a plasmon-based immunoassay for TGF-β using antibody-conjugated single gold nanoparticles that act as optically excellent intracellular and extracellular detection probes that do not require additional signal amplification. To detect TGF-β sensitively and selectively, we exploited the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of antibody-conjugated plasmonic gold nanoparticles at a single particle level. By measuring the LSPR spectral shifts of the single plasmonic nanoprobes, TGF-β can be detected down to the picomolar level, which is comparable with the conventional methods but without significant interference from other proteins. The optimized plasmonic nanoprobes were applied to quantify and monitor the extracellular TGF-β level secreted from the cells under stress conditions, such as cancer, and exposure to toxic environments. Owing to the ease of cellular internalization of the nanoprobes, we directly image and detect increases in intracellular TGF-β levels in living cells under the given stress conditions without cell lysis. We envision that this strategy of using individual nanoparticles as sensors to monitor protein biomarkers in living cells could be applied for various biological assays and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
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19
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Romano V, Belviso I, Venuta A, Ruocco MR, Masone S, Aliotta F, Fiume G, Montagnani S, Avagliano A, Arcucci A. Influence of Tumor Microenvironment and Fibroblast Population Plasticity on Melanoma Growth, Therapy Resistance and Immunoescape. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5283. [PMID: 34067929 PMCID: PMC8157224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) tissue represents a network constituted by cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). A key feature of CM is the high structural and cellular plasticity of TME, allowing its evolution with disease and adaptation to cancer cell and environmental alterations. In particular, during melanoma development and progression each component of TME by interacting with each other and with cancer cells is subjected to dramatic structural and cellular modifications. These alterations affect extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, phenotypic profile of stromal cells, cancer growth and therapeutic response. The stromal fibroblast populations of the TME include normal fibroblasts and melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) that are highly abundant and flexible cell types interacting with melanoma and stromal cells and differently influencing CM outcomes. The shift from the normal microenvironment to TME and from normal fibroblasts to MAFs deeply sustains CM growth. Hence, in this article we review the features of the normal microenvironment and TME and describe the phenotypic plasticity of normal dermal fibroblasts and MAFs, highlighting their roles in normal skin homeostasis and TME regulation. Moreover, we discuss the influence of MAFs and their secretory profiles on TME remodelling, melanoma progression, targeted therapy resistance and immunosurveillance, highlighting the cellular interactions, the signalling pathways and molecules involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Venuta
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Aliotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
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20
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Montoyo-Pujol YG, Wang X, Bermúdez-Sánchez S, Martin A, Almazan F, López-Nevot MÁ. Measurement of 45 cytokine, chemokine and growth factors in established cell culture supernatants and autologous serum from advanced melanoma patients. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:714-723. [PMID: 33421057 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer and its incidence has significantly increased worldwide over the last decades. This neoplasia has been characterized by the release of a wide variety of soluble factors, which could stimulate tumor cell proliferation and survival in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Consequently, we sought to evaluate the pattern of soluble factors produced by pre-metastatic and metastatic melanoma established cultures, and to determine whether these factors can be detected in the autologous serum of malignant melanoma patients. Our results showed that both melanoma cultures had a common profile of 27 soluble factors mainly characterized by the high expression of VEGF-A, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8, and SDF-1. In addition, when we compared supernatants, we observed significant differences in VEGF-A, BDNF, FGF-2, and NGF-β concentrations. As we found in melanoma cultures, serum samples also had their specific production pattern composed by 21 soluble factors. Surprisingly, PDGF-BB and EGF were only found in serum, whereas IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL31, FGF2, and GRO-α were only expressed in the supernatant. Significant differences in PDGF-BB, MIP-1β, HGF, PIGF-1, BDNF, EGF, Eotaxin, and IP-10 were also found after comparing autologous serum with healthy controls. According to this, no correlation was found between culture supernatants and autologous serum samples, which suggests that some factors may act locally, and others systemically. Nonetheless, after validation of our results in an independent cohort of patients, we concluded that PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, and IP-10 serum levels could be used to monitor different melanoma stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Programa de doctorado en Biomedicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Martin
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Almazan
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Nevot
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada. Avda. de la Investigación, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria I, Granada, Spain
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21
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Juin SK, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Glycyrrhizic acid facilitates anti-tumor immunity by attenuating Tregs and MDSCs: An immunotherapeutic approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106932. [PMID: 32890791 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies and its treatment remains challenging due to its highly metastatic property and availability of limited effective drugs. In addition, immunosuppresive tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as major barrier to evoke anti-tumor response in melanoma. Recent studies revealed that immunosuppressive TME is directly correlated with heightened activations of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) functions. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of a triterpenoid, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on melanoma. Our study revealed that GA not only exhibited anti-proliferative effects on melanoma cells it significantly restricted progression of melanoma tumor. However, the therapeutic efficacy of GA in impressive regression of tumor was found to be directly correlated with induction of apoptosis and modulation of cytokines from Th2 to Th1 type. To unravel the mechanism of anti-melanoma effect of GA, it has been delineated that GA inhibits pSTAT3 to evade anti-tumor suppressive function of Tregs and MDSCs. Downregulation of FOXP3, GITR and CTLA4 in tumor-infiltrating Tregs and inhibition of Cox2, PGE2 and Arginase 1 in intra-tumoral MDSC were evidenced as some of the key events during therapeutic intervention of GA in melanoma management. Moreover, GA effectively restricted advanced stage solid tumor while used in combination with Mycobacterium indicus pranii, a known immunomodulator, which alone is reported to be ineffective to restrict advanced stage solid tumor. Thus, our findings may open up a novel insight of GA as a promising agent in cancer immunotherapy or adjuvant therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Juin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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22
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Gandalovičová A, Šůchová AM, Čermák V, Merta L, Rösel D, Brábek J. Sustained Inflammatory Signalling through Stat1/Stat2/IRF9 Is Associated with Amoeboid Phenotype of Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092450. [PMID: 32872349 PMCID: PMC7564052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment of metastatic cancer is complicated by the ability of cancer cells to utilize various invasion modes when spreading through the body. Here, we studied the transition of melanoma cells between the round, amoeboid and elongated, mesenchymal invasion modes. Our results show that inflammatory signalling, which is commonly upregulated in the tumour microenvironment, is associated with the amoeboid phenotype of cancer cells. Treatment of melanoma cells with interferon beta promotes the amoeboid invasion modes and individual invasion. This suggests that inflammation associated signalling contributes to cancer cell invasion plasticity. Abstract The invasive behaviour of cancer cells underlies metastatic dissemination; however, due to the large plasticity of invasion modes, it is challenging to target. It is now widely accepted that various secreted cytokines modulate the tumour microenvironment and pro-inflammatory signalling can promote tumour progression. Here, we report that cells after mesenchymal–amoeboid transition show the increased expression of genes associated with the type I interferon response. Moreover, the sustained activation of type I interferon signalling in response to IFNβ mediated by the Stat1/Stat2/IRF9 complex enhances the round amoeboid phenotype in melanoma cells, whereas its downregulation by various approaches promotes the mesenchymal invasive phenotype. Overall, we demonstrate that interferon signalling is associated with the amoeboid phenotype of cancer cells and suggest a novel role of IFNβ in promoting cancer invasion plasticity, aside from its known role as a tumour suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Anna-Marie Šůchová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Merta
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (A.-M.Š.); (V.Č.); (L.M.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or
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23
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Vlaykova T, Kurzawski M, Tacheva T, Dimov D, Anastasov A, Vlaykova D, Miteva A, O'donoghue N, Drozdzik M. Effects of the IL6 -174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL-6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1781-1791. [PMID: 32724421 PMCID: PMC7377025 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most immunogenic types of cancer, with a 6-fold higher rate of spontaneous regression than any other malignancy. In addition to responsiveness to different immunotherapies, the immunogenicity of CMM highlights the important role of the host immune system in the response to CMM. The present study aimed to explore the role of two functional promoter polymorphisms [IL6 -174G>C (rs1800785) and TNFA -308G>A (rs1800629)] in the regulation of the genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, specifically in patients with CMM. A total of 76 patients with CMM and 200 control subjects were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype frequencies for both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) did not differ significantly between the patients and controls (P=0.358 and P=0.810 for IL6 and TNFA, respectively). However, compared with carriers of C-allele genotypes (CG+CC), patients with the IL6 -174GG genotype exhibited more advanced melanoma (Clark scale ≥3; P=0.037) and shorter survival times, particularly those who worked outdoors (in conditions with increased sunlight exposure; P=0.016). Furthermore, the serum IL-6 levels of patients with CMM were significantly higher than those of the control subjects, which were associated with unfavorable blood and serum characteristics and tumor progression (development of new distant metastases; P=0.004), and with a shorter overall survival time (P=0.042). Using a Cox proportional hazard model, the IL6 -174GG genotype was found to be an independent prognostic factor for reduced survival time (P=0.030), together with sex (being male; P=0.004) and occupations with higher exposure to sunlight (P=0.047). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the promoter polymorphisms IL6 -174G>C and TNFA -308G>A are not predisposing factors for CMM. However, the IL6 -174G>C SNP and IL-6 serum concentrations are likely to influence the progression of the disease, and the GG genotype and higher IL-6 serum levels may indicate shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Mateuzh Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | - Tanya Tacheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Dimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Asen Anastasov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Miteva
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Niamh O'donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
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24
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Rebecca VW, Somasundaram R, Herlyn M. Pre-clinical modeling of cutaneous melanoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2858. [PMID: 32504051 PMCID: PMC7275051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is challenging to manage. Although targeted- and immune therapies have extended survival, most patients experience therapy resistance. The adaptability of melanoma cells in nutrient- and therapeutically-challenged environments distinguishes melanoma as an ideal model for investigating therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the current available repertoire of melanoma models including two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures, organoids, genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenograft. In particular, we highlight how each system recapitulates different features of melanoma adaptability and can be used to better understand melanoma development, progression and therapy resistance. Despite the new targeted and immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, several patients show therapeutic plateau. Here, the authors review the current pre-clinical models of cutaneous melanoma and discuss their strengths and limitations that may help with overcoming therapeutic plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito W Rebecca
- The Wistar Institute, Melanoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Meenhard Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute, Melanoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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25
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Reyes ME, de La Fuente M, Hermoso M, Ili CG, Brebi P. Role of CC Chemokines Subfamily in the Platinum Drugs Resistance Promotion in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:901. [PMID: 32499779 PMCID: PMC7243460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant medical issue, being one of the main causes of mortality around the world. The therapies for this pathology depend on the stage in which the cancer is found, but it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage in which the treatment is chemotherapy. Platinum drugs are among the most commonly used in therapy, unfortunately, one of the main obstacles to this treatment is the development of chemoresistance, which is the ability of cancer cells to evade the effects of drugs. Although some molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to platinum drugs are described, elucidation is still required of others. Secretion of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines, by tumor microenvironment components or tumor cells, show direct influence on proliferation, metastasis and progression of cancer and are related to chemoresistance and poor prognosis. In this review, the general mechanisms associated with resistance to platinum drugs, inflammation on cancer development and chemoresistance in various types of cancer will be approached with special emphasis on the current history of CC chemokines subfamily-mediated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marjorie de La Fuente
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dirección Académica, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G. Ili
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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26
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Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Caruntu C, Caruntu A, Lupu M, Matei C, Constantin C, Neagu M. Tumour Microenvironment in Skin Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:123-142. [PMID: 32030681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment is a complex system comprising cells and molecules that will provide the necessary conditions for tumour development and progression. Cells residing in the tumour microenvironment gain specific phenotypes and specific functions that are pro-tumorigenic. Tumour progression is in fact a combination between tumour cell characteristics and its interplay with tumour microenvironment. This dynamic network will allow tumour cells to grow, migrate and invade tissues. In the present chapter, we are highlighting some traits that characterise tumour microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. In skin cancers, there are some common tumour microenvironment characteristics such as the presence of tumour-associated macrophages and regulatory T lymphocytes that are non-tumour cells promoting tumorigenesis. There are also skin cancer type differences in terms of tumour microenvironment characteristics. Thus, markers such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor in melanoma or the extraordinary diverse genetic make-up in the cancer-associated fibroblasts associated to squamous cell carcinoma are just a few of specific traits in skin cancer types. New technological advances for evaluation of tumour environment are presented. Thus, non-invasive skin imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy can evaluate skin tumour inflammatory infiltrates for density and cellular populations. Analysing tumour micromedium in depth may offer new insights into cancer therapy and identify new therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,"Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Cantacuzino" National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Cantacuzino" National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Dermatology, MEDAS Medical Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania. .,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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27
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Melanocyte Hyaluronan Coat Fragmentation Enhances the UVB-Induced TLR-4 Receptor Signaling and Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators IL6, IL8, CXCL1, and CXCL10 via NF-κB Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1993-2003.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Tuncer E, Calçada RR, Zingg D, Varum S, Cheng P, Freiberger SN, Deng CX, Kleiter I, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Sommer L. SMAD signaling promotes melanoma metastasis independently of phenotype switching. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2702-2716. [PMID: 31039140 DOI: 10.1172/jci94295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metastatic melanoma is thought to require the dynamic shifting of neoplastic cells between proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Contrary to this conventional "phenotype switching" model, we now show that disease progression can involve malignant melanoma cells simultaneously displaying proliferative and invasive properties. Using a genetic mouse model of melanoma in combination with in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines, we found that conditional deletion of the downstream signaling molecule Smad4, which abrogates all canonical TGF-β signaling, indeed inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis. Conditional deletion of the inhibitory signaling factor Smad7, however, generated cells that are both highly invasive and proliferative, indicating that invasiveness is compatible with a high proliferation rate. In fact, conditional Smad7 deletion led to sustained melanoma growth and at the same time promoted massive metastasis formation, a result consistent with data indicating that low SMAD7 levels in patient tumors are associated with a poor survival. Our findings reveal that modulation of SMAD7 levels can overcome the need for phenotype switching during tumor progression and may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Tuncer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel R Calçada
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Varum
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, Berg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Li CJ, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Liao WT, Wu MY. Advanced Evolution of Pathogenesis Concepts in Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040520. [PMID: 30995779 PMCID: PMC6518034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous cardiac diseases that impair systolic and diastolic function, and can induce chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy is prevalent in the general population, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to nearly 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in younger individuals. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy play a key role in disease formation, especially the mutation of sarcomere encoding genes and ATP kinase genes, such as titin, lamin A/C, myosin heavy chain 7, and troponin T1. Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy occurs by multiple complex steps involving several pathways, including the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-activated kinase pathway, G-protein signaling, mechanotransduction pathway, and protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Excess biomechanical stress induces apoptosis signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cell loss, which can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The clinical features and pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy are discussed. Although several basic and clinical studies have investigated the mechanism of cardiomyopathy, the detailed pathophysiology remains unclear. This review summarizes current concepts and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy, especially in the signaling from mutation to clinical phenotype, with the aim of informing the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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30
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Ghosh S, Jawed JJ, Halder K, Banerjee S, Chowdhury BP, Saha A, Juin SK, Majumdar SB, Bose A, Baral R, Majumdar S. TNFα mediated ceramide generation triggers cisplatin induced apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma in a PKCδ independent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37627-37646. [PMID: 30701020 PMCID: PMC6340868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is one of the important cellular components involved in cancer regulation and exerts its pleiotropic role in the protective immune response without exhibiting any adverse effects during malignant neoplasm. Although, the PKCδ-ceramide axis in cancer cells has been an effective target in reduction of cancer, involvement of PKCδ in inducing nephrotoxicity have become a major questionnaire. In the present study, we have elucidated the mechanism by which cisplatin exploits the ceramide to render cancer cell apoptosis leading to the abrogation of malignancy in a PKCδ independent pathway with lesser toxicity. Our study revealed that cisplatin treatment in PKCδ silenced melanoma cells induces ceramide mediated apoptosis. Moreover, cisplatin induced upregulation of the transcription factor IRF1 leading to the induction of the transcriptional activity of the TNFα promoter was evident from the pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference studies. Increased cellular expression of TNFα resulted in an elevated ceramide generation by stimulating acid-sphingomyelinase and cPLA2. Furthermore, reciprocity in the regulation of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2) during PKCδ independent ceramide generation was also observed during cisplatin treatment. PKCδ inhibited murine melanoma model showed reduction in nephrotoxicity along with tumor regression by ceramide generation. Altogether, the current study emphasized the unexplored signaling cascade of ceramide generation by cisplatin during PKCδ silenced condition, which is associated with increased TNFα generation. Our findings enlightened the detailed mechanistic insight of ceramide mediated signaling by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy exploring a new range of targets for cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Junaid Jibran Jawed
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Kuntal Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Sayantan Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | | | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Subir Kumar Juin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | | | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
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31
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Pieniazek M, Matkowski R, Donizy P. Macrophages in skin melanoma-the key element in melanomagenesis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5399-5404. [PMID: 29552183 PMCID: PMC5840697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive cancer and its onset and growth are associated, through direct and indirect interactions, with the cancer microenvironment. The microenvironment comprises a dynamic complex of numerous types of cells (due to histogenesis) that constantly interact with each other through multiple cytokines and signaling proteins. Macrophages are one of the most thoroughly studied pleiotropic cells of the immune system. One of their major cytophysiological functions is their involvement in phagocytosis. Previous studies examining the microenvironment of melanomas and tumor-associated macrophages have revealed that they are involved in all stages of melanomagenesis. In the case of cancer initiation, they form an inflammatory microenvironment and then suppress the anticancer activity of the immune system, stimulate angiogenesis, enhance migration and invasion of the cancer cells, and ultimately contribute to the metastatic process. The present review provides a detailed overview on the function of macrophages in the melanoma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pieniazek
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tadeusz Koszarowski Regional Oncology Centre, Opole 45-061, Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw 53-413, Poland
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
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32
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Bosserhoff AK, Schneider N, Ellmann L, Heinzerling L, Kuphal S. The neurotrophin Neuritin1 (cpg15) is involved in melanoma migration, attachment independent growth, and vascular mimicry. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1117-1131. [PMID: 27901477 PMCID: PMC5352040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin Neuritin1 (NRN1; cpg15) belongs to the candidate plasticity gene (CPG) family and is expressed in postmitotic-differentiating neurons of the developmental nervous system and neuronal structures associated with plasticity in the brain of human adult.Our newest findings document that NRN1 deregulation could contribute also to disease development and have impact on malignant melanoma. Our analyses displayed the over-expression of NRN1 in melanoma in vitro and in vivo, shown by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR on microdissected melanoma tissue; furthermore, soluble NRN1 was detectable in tissue culture supernatant and serum of melanoma patients.To investigate the role of NRN1 in melanoma we performed knockdown, over-expression and recombinant-NRN1-treatment experiments affiliated by functional assays. Our results show that migration, attachment independent growth and vasculogenesis were affected after manipulation of NRN1 on endogenous and extrinsic level. Interestingly, high NRN1 serum levels correlate with low MIA serum levels (< 10ng/ml). Therefore, we speculate that NRN1 could be a marker for early melanoma stages, in particular.In summary, we detected an overexpression of NRN1 in melanoma patient. In functional cell culture experiments we found a correlation between NRN1 expression and the cancerous behavior of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Nadja Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Lisa Ellmann
- Institute for Functional Genomics, University Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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33
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Chen HY, Lin LT, Wang ML, Lee SH, Tsai ML, Tsai CC, Liu WH, Chen TC, Yang YP, Lee YY, Chang YL, Huang PI, Chen YW, Lo WL, Chiou SH, Chen MT. Musashi-1 regulates AKT-derived IL-6 autocrinal/paracrinal malignancy and chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42485-42501. [PMID: 27285760 PMCID: PMC5173150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is one of the most lethal human malignant brain tumors with high risks of recurrence and poor treatment outcomes. The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) is a marker of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent study showed that high expression level of MSI1 positively correlates with advanced grade of GBM, where MSI1 increases the growth of GBM. Herein, we explore the roles of MSI1 as well as the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of drug resistance and tumorigenesis of GBM cells. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of MSI1 effectively protected GBM cells from drug-induced apoptosis through down-regulating pro-apoptotic genes; whereas inhibition of AKT withdrew the MSI1-induced anti-apoptosis and cell survival. We further showed that MSI1 robustly promoted the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which was governed by AKT activity. Autonomously, the secreted IL-6 enhanced AKT activity in an autocrine/paracrine manner, forming a positive feedback regulatory loop with the MSI1-AKT pathway. Our results conclusively demonstrated a novel drug resistance mechanism in GBM cells that MSI1 inhibits drug-induced apoptosis through AKT/IL6 regulatory circuit. MSI1 regulates both cellular signaling and tumor-microenvironmental cytokine secretion to create an intra- and intercellular niche for GBM to survive from chemo-drug attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Lo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Murekatete B, Shokoohmand A, McGovern J, Mohanty L, Meinert C, Hollier BG, Zippelius A, Upton Z, Kashyap AS. Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Melanoma Progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 29330502 PMCID: PMC5766529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I binds to the ECM protein vitronectin (VN) through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) to enhance proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Although evidence exists for the role of individual components of the complex (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and VN), the cellular functions stimulated by these proteins together as a complex remains un-investigated in melanoma cells. We report here that the IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN trimeric complex stimulates a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation and migration of WM35 and Sk-MEL28 melanoma cells. In 3D Matrigel™ and hydrogel cultures, both cell lines formed primary tumor-like spheroids, which increased in size in a dose-dependent manner in response to the trimeric complex. Furthermore, we reveal IGFBP-3:VN protein complexes in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma patient tissues, where the IGFBP-3:VN complex was seen to be predominantly tumor cell-associated. Peptide antagonists designed to target the binding of IGF-I:IGFBP-3 to VN were demonstrated to inhibit IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN-stimulated cell migration, invasion and 3D tumor cell growth of melanoma cells. Overall, this study provides new data on IGF:ECM interactions in skin malignancies and demonstrates the potential usefulness of a growth factor:ECM-disrupting strategy for abrogating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berline Murekatete
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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35
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UV radiation promotes melanoma dissemination mediated by the sequential reaction axis of cathepsins-TGF-β1-FAP-α. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:535-544. [PMID: 28697174 PMCID: PMC5558678 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major risk factor for development of malignant melanoma. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-α is a serine protease expressed on the surface of activated fibroblasts, promoting tumour invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The signalling mechanism behind the upregulation of FAP-α is not yet completely revealed. METHODS Expression of FAP-α was analysed after UVR exposure in in vitro co-culture systems, gene expression arrays and artificial skin constructs. Cell migration and invasion was studied in relation to cathepsin activity and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. RESULTS Fibroblast activation protein-α expression was induced by UVR in melanocytes of human skin. The FAP-α expression was regulated by UVR-induced release of TGF-β1 and cathepsin inhibitors prevented such secretion. In melanoma cell culture models and in a xenograft tumour model of zebrafish embryos, FAP-α mediated ECM degradation and facilitated tumour cell dissemination. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for a sequential reaction axis from UVR via cathepsins, TGF-β1 and FAP-α expression, promoting cancer cell dissemination and melanoma metastatic spread.
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36
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Fenton SE, Sosman JA, Chandra S. Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:165-174. [PMID: 28562096 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy for metastatic melanoma has undergone a rapid transformation over the past 5-10 years. Advances in immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, including both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1, have led to durable responses in up to 50% of patients. As our understanding of the processes driving the transformation of melanocytes has improved, progress in targeted therapies has also continued. Areas covered: Angiogenesis and the tumor's dependence on an expanded vascular supply has been a target for novel therapies since the 1970's, as this tissue is derived from endothelial cells that are genetically stable in adults. A phase II trial studying combined therapy with bevacizumab (an inhibitor of angiogenesis) and ipilimumab found promising results. Other agents such as sorafenib have not been as successful, failing to extend progression free or overall survival in clinical trials. In this paper other targeted growth factor inhibitors will also be discussed. Expert opinion: Ultimately, melanoma may not be vulnerable solely to chemotherapy or targeted therapy, but may be efficaciously treated with immunotherapy due to its high mutational rate resulting in the expression of numerous neo-antigens. Therapies with combinations of agents including growth factor receptor and either other targeted therapies or immunotherapy may be a promising complimentary approach.
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37
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Wang H, Yang L, Wang D, Zhang Q, Zhang L. Pro-tumor activities of macrophages in the progression of melanoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1556-1562. [PMID: 28441072 PMCID: PMC5512774 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1312043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are located in essentially all tissues due to their “janitor” function. Macrophages can exert either anti- or pro-tumor activities depending upon the specific tumor microenvironment they inhabit. Substantial evidence indicates that macrophages, owing to their plasticity, can be reeducated to adopt a protumoral phenotype within a tumor microenvironment through the help of growth factors in the microenvironment and intercellular interactions. As the lethality of malignant melanoma is due to its aggressive capacity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, considerable effort has gone toward treatment of metastatic melanoma. In the present review, we focus on the pro-tumor activities of macrophages in melanoma. Based upon the information presented in this review it is anticipated that new therapies will soon be developed that target pro-tumor activities of macrophages for use in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wang
- a Modern College of Arts and Science, or School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University , Linfen , China
| | - Luhong Yang
- a Modern College of Arts and Science, or School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University , Linfen , China
| | - Dong Wang
- b Central Blood Station of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- c Nankai Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- d Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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38
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The risk of melanoma and hematologic cancers in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:639-647.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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Maus RLG, Jakub JW, Nevala WK, Christensen TA, Noble-Orcutt K, Sachs Z, Hieken TJ, Markovic SN. Human Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Cell Maturation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:358. [PMID: 28424693 PMCID: PMC5372822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of melanoma from a primary tumor to widespread metastasis is crucially dependent on lymphatic spread. The mechanisms regulating the initial step in metastatic dissemination via regional lymph nodes remain largely unknown; however, evidence supporting the establishment of a pre-metastatic niche is evolving. We have previously described a dysfunctional immune profile including reduced expression of dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers in the first node draining from the primary tumor, the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Importantly, this phenotype is present prior to evidence of nodal metastasis. Herein, we evaluate melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential mediators of the premetastatic niche through cargo-specific polarization of DCs. DCs matured in vitro in the presence of melanoma EVs demonstrated significantly impaired expression of CD83 and CD86 as well as decreased expression of Th1 polarizing chemokines Flt3L and IL15 and migration chemokines MIP-1α and MIP-1β compared to liposome-treated DCs. Profiling of melanoma EV cargo identified shared proteomic and RNA signatures including S100A8 and S100A9 protein cargo, which in vitro compromised DC maturation similar to melanoma EVs. Early evidence demonstrates that similar EVs can be isolated from human afferent lymphatic fluid ex vivo. Taken together, here, we propose melanoma EV cargo as a mechanism by which DC maturation is compromised warranting further study to consider this as a potential mechanism enabled by the primary tumor to establish the premetastatic niche in tumor-draining SLNs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L G Maus
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James W Jakub
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Klara Noble-Orcutt
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Pivotal Cytoprotective Mediators and Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Based Cardiovascular Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8340257. [PMID: 28090210 PMCID: PMC5206447 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8340257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction, is a major cause of death worldwide. In aspects of cell therapy against CVD, it is generally accepted that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are potent neovascular modulators in ischemic tissues. In response to ischemic injury signals, EPCs located in a bone marrow niche migrate to injury sites and form new vessels by secreting various vasculogenic factors including VEGF, SDF-1, and FGF, as well as by directly differentiating into endothelial cells. Nonetheless, in ischemic tissues, most of engrafted EPCs do not survive under harsh ischemic conditions and nutrient depletion. Therefore, an understanding of diverse EPC-related cytoprotective mediators underlying EPC homeostasis in ischemic tissues may help to overcome current obstacles for EPC-mediated cell therapy for CVDs. Additionally, to enhance EPC's functional capacity at ischemic sites, multiple strategies for cell survival should be considered, that is, preconditioning of EPCs with function-targeting drugs including natural compounds and hormones, virus mediated genetic modification, combined therapy with other stem/progenitor cells, and conglomeration with biomaterials. In this review, we discuss multiple cytoprotective mediators of EPC-based cardiovascular repair and propose promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs.
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41
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Jemaa AB, Bouraoui Y, Rais NB, Nouira Y, Oueslati R. Cytokine profiling identifies an interaction of IL-6 and IL-1α to drive PSMA-PSA prostate clones. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1424-1431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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The Pathophysiological Impact of HLA Class Ia and HLA-G Expression and Regulatory T Cells in Malignant Melanoma: A Review. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6829283. [PMID: 27999823 PMCID: PMC5141560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6829283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, a very common type of cancer, is a rapidly growing cancer of the skin with an increase in incidence among the Caucasian population. The disease is seen through all age groups and is very common in the younger age groups. Several studies have examined the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of malignant melanoma, which have enlightened our understanding of the development of the disease, but we have still to fully understand the complex immunological interactions. The examination of the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and prognostic outcome has shown interesting results, and a correlation between the down- or upregulation of these antigens and prognosis has been seen through many different types of cancer. In malignant melanoma, HLA class Ia has been seen to influence the effects of pharmaceutical drug treatment as well as the overall prognosis, and the HLA class Ib and regulatory T cells have been correlated with tumor progression. Although there is still no standardized immunological treatment worldwide, the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and tumor progression seems to be a promising focus in the way of optimizing the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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43
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Li HS, Liu C, Xiao Y, Chu F, Liang X, Peng W, Hu J, Neelapu SS, Sun SC, Hwu P, Watowich SS. Bypassing STAT3-mediated inhibition of the transcriptional regulator ID2 improves the antitumor efficacy of dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra94. [PMID: 27678219 PMCID: PMC5061503 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potent ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate lymphocyte responses and host immunity, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-derived DCs (GM-DCs) used as antitumor vaccines have demonstrated relatively modest success in cancer immunotherapy. We found that injecting GM-DCs into melanoma tumors in mice, or culturing GM-DCs with melanoma-secreted cytokines or melanoma-conditioned medium, rapidly suppressed DC-intrinsic expression of the gene encoding inhibitor of differentiation 2 (ID2), a transcriptional regulator. Melanoma-associated cytokines repressed Id2 transcription in murine DCs through the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Enforced expression of ID2 in GM-DCs (ID2-GM-DCs) suppressed their production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Vaccination with ID2-GM-DCs slowed the progression of melanoma tumors and enhanced animal survival, which was associated with an increased abundance of tumor-infiltrating interferon-γ-positive CD4(+) effector and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells and a decreased number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory CD4(+) T cells. The efficacy of the ID2-GM-DC vaccine was improved by combinatorial treatment with a blocking antibody to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), a current immunotherapy that overcomes suppressive immune checkpoint signaling. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unrecognized STAT3-mediated immunosuppressive mechanism in DCs and indicate that DC-intrinsic ID2 promotes tumor immunity by modulating tumor-associated CD4(+) T cell responses. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 or overexpressing ID2 selectively in DCs may improve the efficiency of DC vaccines in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuliang Chu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Das AM, Pescatori M, Vermeulen CE, Rens JAP, Seynhaeve ALB, Koning GA, Eggermont AMM, Ten Hagen TLM. Melanomas prevent endothelial cell death under restrictive culture conditions by signaling through AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 cascades. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1219826. [PMID: 27853641 PMCID: PMC5087299 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma progression and staging is clinically well characterized, a large variation is observed in pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. Clearly, intrinsic characteristics of melanoma cells contribute to this variety. An important factor, in both progression of the disease and response to therapy, is the tumor-associated vasculature. We postulate that melanoma cells communicate with endothelial cells (ECs) in order to establish a functional and supportive blood supply. We investigated the angiogenic potential of human melanoma cell lines by monitoring the survival of ECs upon exposure to melanoma conditioned medium (CM), under restrictive conditions. We observed long-term (up to 72 h) EC survival under hypoxic conditions upon treatment with all melanoma CMs. No such survival effect was observed with the CM of melanocytes. The CM of pancreatic and breast tumor cell lines did not show a long-term survival effect, suggesting that the survival factor is specific to melanoma cells. Furthermore, all size fractions (up to < 1 kDa) of the melanoma CM induced long-term survival of ECs. The survival effect observed by the < 1 kDa fraction excludes known pro-angiogenic factors. Heat inactivation and enzymatic digestion of the CM did not inactivate the survival factor. Global gene expression and pathway analysis suggest that this effect is mediated in part via the AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 signaling axis. Taken together, these data indicate the production of (a) survival factor/s (< 1 kDa) by melanoma cell lines, which enables long-term survival of ECs and promotes melanoma-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha M Das
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pescatori
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy E Vermeulen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost A P Rens
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben A Koning
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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45
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Guruvayoorappan C, Kuttan G. Effect of Amentoflavone on the Inhibition of Pulmonary Metastasis Induced by B16F-10 Melanoma Cells in C57BL/6 Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 6:185-97. [PMID: 17548797 DOI: 10.1177/1534735407302345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was an investigation of the antimetastatic activity of amentoflavone using B16F-10 melanoma—induced experimental lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. Amentoflavone treatment significantly reduced tumor nodule formation accompanied by reduced lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels. Serum sialic acid and γglutamyl transpeptidase levels were also significantly inhibited after amentoflavone treatment. Amentoflavone treatment up-regulated the lung tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 expression. The cytokine profile and growth factors such as interleukin-1β , interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte monocyte— colony stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 in the serum of these animals were markedly altered after amentoflavone treatment. This altered level of cytokines after amentoflavone treatment was also accompanied by enhanced natural killer cell antibody—dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The study reveals that amentoflavone treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of nuclear factor—κB, and other transcription factors such as c-fos, activated transcription factor—2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element—binding protein in B16F-10 melanoma cells.
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46
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Tuccitto A, Tazzari M, Beretta V, Rini F, Miranda C, Greco A, Santinami M, Patuzzo R, Vergani B, Villa A, Manenti G, Cleris L, Giardiello D, Alison M, Rivoltini L, Castelli C, Perego M. Immunomodulatory Factors Control the Fate of Melanoma Tumor Initiating Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2449-2460. [PMID: 27301067 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor for which recent evidence supports a model of dynamic stemness. Melanoma cells might temporally acquire tumor-initiating properties or switch from a status of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) to a more differentiated one depending on the tumor context. However, factors driving these functional changes are still unknown. We focused on the role of cyto/chemokines in shaping TICs isolated directly from tumor specimens of two melanoma patients, namely Me14346S and Me15888S. We analyzed the secretion profile of TICs and of their corresponding melanoma differentiated cells and we tested the ability of cyto/chemokines to influence TIC self-renewal and differentiation. We found that TICs, grown in vitro as melanospheres, had a complex secretory profile as compared to their differentiated counterparts. Some factors, such as CCL-2 and IL-8, also produced by adherent melanoma cells and melanocytes did not influence TIC properties. Conversely, IL-6, released by differentiated cells, reduced TIC self-renewal and induced TIC differentiation while IL-10, produced by Me15888S, strongly promoted TIC self-renewal through paracrine/autocrine actions. Complete neutralization of IL-10 activity by gene silencing and antibody-mediated blocking of the IL-10Rα was required to sensitize Me15888S to IL-6-induced differentiation. For the first time these results show that functional heterogeneity of melanoma could be directly influenced by inflammatory and suppressive soluble factors, with IL-6 favoring TIC differentiation, and IL-10 supporting TIC self-renewal. Thus, understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) role in modulating melanoma TIC phenotype is fundamental to identifying novel therapeutic targets to achieve long-lasting regression of metastatic melanoma. Stem Cells 2016;34:2449-2460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tuccitto
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Beretta
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Miranda
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Mechanism Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Mechanism Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Patuzzo
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- Consorzio MIA (Microscopy and Image Analysis), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonello Villa
- Consorzio MIA (Microscopy and Image Analysis), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Cleris
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Giardiello
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Malcolm Alison
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Perego
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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47
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Mercer LK, Askling J, Raaschou P, Dixon WG, Dreyer L, Hetland ML, Strangfeld A, Zink A, Mariette X, Finckh A, Canhao H, Iannone F, Zavada J, Morel J, Gottenberg JE, Hyrich KL, Listing J. Risk of invasive melanoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologics: results from a collaborative project of 11 European biologic registers. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:386-391. [PMID: 27307502 PMCID: PMC5284347 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Some studies have reported a possible association between exposure to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and an increased risk of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive cutaneous melanomas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi), other biologic disease modifying drugs and non-biologic therapy. Methods Eleven biologic registers from nine European countries participated in this collaborative project. According to predefined exposure definitions, cohorts of patients with RA were selected. Using the country-specific general population of each register as reference, age, sex and calendar year standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of invasive histology-confirmed cutaneous melanoma were calculated within each register. Pooled SIR and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing biologic cohorts to biologic-naïve were calculated across countries by taking the size of the register into account. Results Overall 130 315 RA patients with a mean age of 58 years contributing 579 983 person-years were available for the analysis and 287 developed a first melanoma. Pooled SIRs for biologic-naïve, TNFi and rituximab-exposed patients were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4), 1.2 (0.99 to 1.6) and 1.3 (0.6 to 2.6), respectively. Incidence rates in tocilizumab and abatacept-exposed patients were also not significantly increased. IRR versus biologic-naïve patients were: TNFi 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6); rituximab 1.2 (0.5 to 2.9). Conclusions This large European collaborative project did not confirm an overall increased risk of melanoma following exposure to TNFi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Mercer
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauline Raaschou
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William G Dixon
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lene Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- The DANBIO registry and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and second affiliation Hetland: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Strangfeld
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Zink
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany.,Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Rheumatology Department, Université Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Axel Finckh
- Rheumatology Division, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helena Canhao
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Portugal, CHLN- Santa Maria Hospital, CAML, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jakub Zavada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques Morel
- Department of Rheumatology, Teaching Hospital of Lapeyronie and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- Rheumatology Department, National Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester Partnership, Manchester, UK
| | - Joachim Listing
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Tocilizumab unmasks a stage-dependent interleukin-6 component in statin-induced apoptosis of metastatic melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:284-94. [PMID: 26020489 PMCID: PMC4492793 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6 inhibits the growth of early-stage melanoma cells, but not metastatic cells. Metastatic melanoma cells are susceptible to statin-induced apoptosis, but this is not clear for early-stage melanoma cells. This study aimed to investigate the IL-6 susceptibility of melanoma cells from different stages in the presence of simvastatin to overcome loss of growth arrest. ELISA was used to detect secreted IL-6 in human melanoma cells. The effects of IL-6 were measured by western blots for STAT3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. Apoptosis and proliferation were measured by caspase 3 activity, Annexin V staining, cell cycle analysis, and a wound-healing assay. Human metastatic melanoma cells A375 and 518A2 secrete high amounts of IL-6, in contrast to early-stage WM35 cells. Canonical IL-6 signaling is intact in these cells, documented by transient phosphorylation of STAT3. Although WM35 cells are highly resistant to simvastatin-induced apoptosis, coadministration with IL-6 enhanced the susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. This proapoptotic effect of IL-6 might be explained by a downregulation of Bcl-XL, observed only in WM35 cells. Furthermore, the IL-6 receptor blocking antibody tocilizumab was coadministered and unmasked an IL-6-sensitive proportion in the simvastatin-induced caspase 3 activity of metastatic melanoma cells. These results confirm that simvastatin facilitates apoptosis in combination with IL-6. Although endogenous IL-6 secretion is sufficient in metastatic melanoma cells, exogenously added IL-6 is needed for WM35 cells. This effect may explain the failure of simvastatin to reduce melanoma incidence in clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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49
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Popa IL, Milac AL, Sima LE, Alexandru PR, Pastrama F, Munteanu CVA, Negroiu G. Cross-talk between Dopachrome Tautomerase and Caveolin-1 Is Melanoma Cell Phenotype-specific and Potentially Involved in Tumor Progression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12481-12500. [PMID: 27053106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Dopachrome tautomerase (l-DCT), also called tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), is a melanoma antigen overexpressed in most chemo-/radiotherapeutic stress-resistant tumor clones, and caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a main regulator of numerous signaling processes. A structural and functional relationship between DCT and CAV1 is first presented here in two human amelanotic melanoma cell lines, derived from vertical growth phase (MelJuSo) and metastatic (SKMel28) melanomas. DCT co-localizes at the plasma membrane with CAV1 and Cavin-1, another molecular marker for caveolae in both cell phenotypes. Our novel structural model proposed for the DCT-CAV1 complex, in addition to co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry data, indicates a possible direct interaction between DCT and CAV1. The CAV1 control on DCT gene expression, DCT post-translational processing, and subcellular distribution is cell phenotype-dependent. DCT is a modulator of CAV1 stability and supramolecular assembly in both cell phenotypes. During autocrine stimulation, the expressions of DCT and CAV1 are oppositely regulated; DCT increases while CAV1 decreases. Sub-confluent MelJuSo clones DCT(high)/CAV1(low) are proliferating and acquire fibroblast-like morphology, forming massive, confluent clusters as demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining and TissueFAXS quantitative image cytometry analysis. CAV1 down-regulation directly contributes to the expansion of MelJuSo DCT(high) subtype. CAV1 involved in the perpetuation of cell phenotype-overexpressing anti-stress DCT molecule supports the concept that CAV1 functions as a tumor suppressor in early stages of melanoma. DCT is a regulator of the CAV1-associated structures and is possibly a new molecular player in CAV1-mediated processes in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana L Popa
- Department of Protein Folding, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina L Milac
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia E Sima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petruta R Alexandru
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Pastrama
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Negroiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania.
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50
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Molecular basis for cytokine biomarkers of complex 3D microtissue physiology in vitro. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:950-61. [PMID: 27021792 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
'Physiologically more-relevant' claims are readily made for cells cultured on any surface or in a scaffold that provides loosely defined 3D geometry. A set of tools to measure culture '3D-ness' more accurately are needed. Such tools should find applications in fields ranging from high-throughput identification of substrates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to cell-based screening of drug candidates. Until now, these fields have not provided a consensus for the most promising place to initiate the search. Here, we review recent advances in transcriptomic, proteomic, inflammation and oncology-related pathways, as well as functional studies that strongly point to cytokines as the most likely compounds to form the missing consensus.
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