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Stergiou IE, Tsironis C, Papadakos SP, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Lymphoma: Implications in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2369. [PMID: 38397043 PMCID: PMC10889189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes, sensors of intracellular danger signals, and crucial components of the innate immune system, with the NLRP3 inflammasome being the best characterized among them. The increasing scientific interest in the mechanisms interconnecting inflammation and tumorigenesis has led to the study of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the setting of various neoplasms. Despite a plethora of data regarding solid tumors, NLRP3 inflammasome's implication in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies only recently gained attention. In this review, we investigate its role in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphomagenesis. Considering that lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms, both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing properties were attributed to the NLRP3 inflammasome, affecting neoplastic cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins were associated with disease characteristics, response to treatment, and prognosis. Few studies assess the efficacy of NLRP3 inflammasome therapeutic targeting with encouraging results, though most are still at the preclinical level. Further understanding of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation during lymphoma development and progression can contribute to the investigation of novel treatment approaches to cover unmet needs in lymphoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Christos Tsironis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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Yu DH, Lin Q, Fan C, Skinner JT, Thiboutot JP, Yarmus LB, Johns RA. Resistin Pathway as Novel Mechanism of Post-lung Transplantation Bronchial Stenosis. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2024; 31:30-38. [PMID: 37202855 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial stenosis remains a significant source of morbidity among lung transplant recipients. Though infection and anastomotic ischemia have been proposed etiologies of the development of bronchial stenosis, the pathophysiologic mechanism has not been well elucidated. METHODS In this single-centered prospective study, from January 2013 through September 2015, we prospectively collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial epithelial brushings from the direct anastomotic site of bronchial stenosis of bilateral lung transplant recipients who developed unilateral post-transplant bronchial stenosis. Endobronchial epithelial brushings from the contralateral anastomotic site without bronchial stenosis and BAL from bilateral lung transplant recipients who did not develop post-transplant bronchial stenosis were used as controls. Total RNA was isolated from the endobronchial brushings and real-time polymerase chain reaction reactions were performed. Electrochemiluminescence biomarker assay was used to measure 10 cytokines from the BAL. RESULTS Out of 60 bilateral lung transplant recipients, 9 were found to have developed bronchial stenosis with 17 samples adequate for analysis. We observed a 1.56 to 70.8 mean-fold increase in human resistin gene expression in the anastomotic bronchial stenosis epithelial cells compared with nonstenotic airways. Furthermore, IL-1β (21.76±10.96 pg/mL; control 0.86±0.44 pg/mL; P <0.01) and IL-8 levels (990.56±326.60 pg/mL; control 20.33±1.17 pg/mL; P <0.01) were significantly elevated in the BAL of the lung transplant patients who developed anastomotic bronchial stenosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the development of postlung transplantation bronchial stenosis may be in part mediated through the human resistin pathway by IL-1β induced transcription factor nuclear factor-κβ activation and downstream upregulation of IL-8 in alveolar macrophages. Further study is needed in the larger patient cohorts and to determine its potential therapeutic role in the management of post-transplant bronchial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
| | | | | | - Jeffrey P Thiboutot
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Interventional Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lonny B Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Interventional Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Ouhaddi Y, Charbonnier B, Porge J, Zhang YL, Garcia I, Gbureck U, Grover L, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Development of Neovasculature in Axially Vascularized Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020105. [PMID: 36826904 PMCID: PMC9966587 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenting the vascular supply to generate new tissues, a crucial aspect in regenerative medicine, has been challenging. Recently, our group showed that calcium phosphate can induce the formation of a functional neo-angiosome without the need for microsurgical arterial anastomosis. This was a preclinical proof of concept for biomaterial-induced luminal sprouting of large-diameter vessels. In this study, we investigated if sprouting was a general response to surgical injury or placement of an inorganic construct around the vessel. Cylindrical biocement scaffolds of differing chemistries were placed around the femoral vein. A contrast agent was used to visualize vessel ingrowth into the scaffolds. Cell populations in the scaffold were mapped using immunohistochemistry. Calcium phosphate scaffolds induced 2.7-3 times greater volume of blood vessels than calcium sulphate or magnesium phosphate scaffolds. Macrophage and vSMC populations were identified that changed spatially and temporally within the scaffold during implantation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation peaked at weeks 2 and 4 and then declined; however, IL-1β expression was sustained over the course of the experiment. IL-8, a promoter of angiogenesis, was also detected, and together, these responses suggest a role of sterile inflammation. Unexpectedly, the effect was distinct from an injury response as a result of surgical placement and also was not simply a foreign body reaction as a result of placing a rigid bioceramic next to a vein, since, while the materials tested had similar microstructures, only the calcium phosphates tested elicited an angiogenic response. This finding then reveals a potential path towards a new strategy for creating better pro-regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Baptiste Charbonnier
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Juliette Porge
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Isadora Garcia
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liam Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Jiang W, Chu H, Li Z, Ge J, Wang X, Jiang J, Xiao Q, Meng Q, Lou Y, Hao W, Wei X. Integrated proteomic analysis to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of IL-33 mRNA increased by black carbon in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2434-2444. [PMID: 35776887 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) correlates with the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that BC could impair vascular endothelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. It is known that IL-33 exerts a significant biological role in cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the molecular regulation of IL-33 expression at present. We first found that BC significantly increased IL-33 mRNA in EA.hy926 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and we conducted this study to explore its underlying mechanism. We identified that BC induced mitochondrial damage and suppressed autophagy function in EA.hy926 cells, as evidenced by elevation of the aspartate aminotransferase (GOT2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p62, and the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). However, ROS cannot induce IL-33 mRNA-production in BC-exposed EA.hy926 cells. Further, experiments revealed that BC could promote IL-33 mRNA production through the PI3K/Akt/AP-1 and p38/AP-1 signaling pathways. It is concluded that BC could induce oxidative stress and suppress autophagy function in endothelial cells. This study also provided evidence that the pro-cardiovascular-diseases properties of BC may be due to its ability to stimulate the PI3K/AKT/AP-1 and p38/AP-1 pathway, further activate IL-33 and ultimately result in a local vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- Medical and Health Analytical Center of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Li M, Hu G, Xiao G, Teng S. Characterization of a novel activating protein-1 (AP-1) gene and the association of its single nucleotide polymorphisms with vibrio resistance in Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:552-562. [PMID: 35489594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood clam Tegillarca granosa is a commercial marine bivalve of economic value, accounting for approximately 50% of clam production in China. In recent years, the yield of blood clams has been threatened by bacterial infections caused by marine Vibrio species that thrive under a rising sea temperature. The transcription factor activating protein-1 (AP-1) is emerging as an important player in the innate immunity of marine bivalves against viral or bacterial infections. In this study, the full-length cDNA of a novel T. granosa AP-1 (TgAP-1) was cloned for the first time. The 1591-bp cDNA encoded a protein of 292 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 32.8 kDa. The TgAP-1 protein contained an N-terminal Jun domain and a C-terminal basic region leucine zipper domain typically found in Jun proteins (a subfamily of AP-1 proteins). TgAP-1 was ubiquitously expressed in T. granosa, with the highest expression detected in the gill and foot, followed by the mantle, hemolymph, and hepatopancreas. Exposure to Vibrio harveyi induced TgAP-1 expression in gill tissues and the expression levels of TgAP-1 of resistant blood clams were always lower than that of control population whether Vibro infection or not. A total of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TgAP-1 were detected in T. granosa. SNP-typing and haplotyping of resistant and susceptible populations revealed that six SNPs (AG type of TgSNP-1, GA type of TgSNP-2, TG type of TgSNP-4, CT type of TgSNP-7, AG type of TgSNP-11, and GA type of TgSNP-12) and four haplotypes (fHap2, fHap3, fHap6, and fHap7) were significantly associated with V. harveyi resistance. Risk assessment showed that fHap2 (CG) and fHap7 (GA) were associated with an increased resistance, while fHap3 (CT) and fHap6 (AG) were associated with an increased susceptibility. The results from this study supported a potential role of TgAp-1 in the anti-Vibro immunity of T. granosa. The discovery of the genetic molecular markers and haplotypes related to Vibrio resistance can provide guidance for selective breeding of T. granosa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Gaoyu Hu
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Teng
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
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Yasuda S, Horinaka M, Iizumi Y, Goi W, Sukeno M, Sakai T. Oridonin inhibits SASP by blocking p38 and NF-κB pathways in senescent cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 590:55-62. [PMID: 34971958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell growth arrest that functions as a biological defense mechanism against severe DNA damage. Senescent cells with DNA damage produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, and this phenomenon is called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factors have been implicated in various disorders, including cancer. We performed a screening assay and identified oridonin as a candidate SASP inhibitor. Oridonin is an active diterpenoid that is isolated from Isodon plants and has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. It reduced the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in senescent cells at the protein and mRNA levels. Oridonin also inhibited p65 subunit of NF-κB activity. However, oridonin did not affect SA β-gal activity and enhanced the expression of p21. The expression and phosphorylation of p38 were down-regulated by oridonin. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited the secretion of IL-8, slightly inhibited the secretion of IL-6, and did not affect NF-κB activity. Therefore, the NF-κB and p38 pathways may contribute to the inhibition of SASP by oridonin. Oridonin has potential as a therapeutic agent for SASP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Iizumi
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wakana Goi
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mamiko Sukeno
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Ellison-Hughes GM, Colley L, O'Brien KA, Roberts KA, Agbaedeng TA, Ross MD. The Role of MSC Therapy in Attenuating the Damaging Effects of the Cytokine Storm Induced by COVID-19 on the Heart and Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602183. [PMID: 33363221 PMCID: PMC7756089 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to 47 m infected cases and 1. 2 m (2.6%) deaths. A hallmark of more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) appears to be a virally-induced over-activation or unregulated response of the immune system, termed a "cytokine storm," featuring elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-22, CXCL10, and TNFα. Whilst the lungs are the primary site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, in more severe cases its effects can be detected in multiple organ systems. Indeed, many COVID-19 positive patients develop cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial injury, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmia, and thromboembolism, which are associated with higher mortality. Drug and cell therapies targeting immunosuppression have been suggested to help combat the cytokine storm. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), owing to their powerful immunomodulatory ability, have shown promise in early clinical studies to avoid, prevent or attenuate the cytokine storm. In this review, we will discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of the cytokine storm on the cardiovascular system, and how MSCs potentially attenuate the damage caused by the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. We will also address how MSC transplantation could alleviate the long-term complications seen in some COVID-19 patients, such as improving tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Colley
- School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty A. Roberts
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Agbaedeng
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark D. Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Wang L, Sun J, Wu Z, Lian X, Han S, Huang S, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. AP-1 regulates the expression of IL17-4 and IL17-5 in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:554-563. [PMID: 31887409 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activator protein-1 (AP-1) plays an important role in inducing the immune effector production in response to cellular stress and bacterial infection. In the present study, an AP-1 was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (designed as CgAP-1) and its function was investigated in response against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. CgAP-1 was consisted of 290 amino acids including a Jun domain and a basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. CgAP-1 shared 98.6% similarities with ChAP-1 from oyster C. hongkongensis, and assigned into the branch of invertebrates in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of CgAP-1 gene were detected in all tested tissues with highest expression level in hemocytes, especially in granulocytes. The mRNA expression level of CgAP-1 gene in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated (8.53-fold of that in PBS group, p < 0.01) at 6 h after LPS stimulation. CgAP-1 protein could be translocated into the nucleus of oyster hemocytes after LPS stimulation. The mRNA transcripts of interleukin17s (CgIL17-4 and CgIL17-5) in the hemocytes of CgAP-1-RNAi oysters decreased significantly at 24 h after LPS stimulation, which were 0.37-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.17-fold (p < 0.01) compared with that in EGFP-RNAi oysters, respectively. The results suggested that CgAP-1 played an important role in the immune response of oyster by regulating the expression of CgIL17s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xingye Lian
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Tobin SW, Alibhai FJ, Lee MM, Yeganeh A, Wu J, Li SH, Guo J, Tsang K, Tumiati L, Rocha R, Butany J, Yau TM, Ouzounian M, David TE, Weisel RD, Li RK. Novel mediators of aneurysm progression in bicuspid aortic valve disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:71-83. [PMID: 31047984 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is a congenital abnormality that is associated with ascending aortic aneurysm yet many of the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. To identify novel molecular mechanisms of aneurysm formation we completed microarray analysis of the proximal (severely dilated) and distal (less dilated) regions of the ascending aorta from five patients with BAV. We identified 180 differentially expressed genes, 40 of which were validated by RT-qPCR. Most genes had roles in inflammation and endothelial cell function including cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors and the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor family (FOS, FOSB and JUN) which was chosen for further study. AP-1 was differentially expressed within paired BAV aneurysmal samples (n = 8) but not Marfan patients (n = 5). FOS protein was significantly enriched in BAV aortas compared to normal aortas but unexpectedly, ERK1/2 activity, an upstream regulator of FOS was reduced. ERK1/2 activity was restored when BAV smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro. An mRNA-miRNA network within paired patient samples identified AP-1 as a central hub of miRNA regulation. FOS knockdown in BAV SMCs increased expression of miR-27a, a stretch responsive miRNA. AP-1 and miR-27a were also dysregulated in a mouse model of aortic constriction. In summary, this study identified a central role for AP-1 signaling in BAV aortic dilatation by using paired mRNA-miRNA patient sample. Upstream analysis of AP-1 regulation showed that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway is dysregulated and thus represents a novel chain of mediators of aortic dilatation in BAV which should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Tobin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Myunghyun M Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Tsang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Tumiati
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Rocha
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jagdish Butany
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terrence M Yau
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maral Ouzounian
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tirone E David
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Kim DH, Lee B, Lee J, Kim ME, Lee JS, Chung JH, Yu BP, Dong HH, Chung HY. FoxO6-mediated IL-1β induces hepatic insulin resistance and age-related inflammation via the TF/PAR2 pathway in aging and diabetic mice. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101184. [PMID: 30974318 PMCID: PMC6454229 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxO has been proposed to play a role in the promotion of insulin resistance, and inflammation. FoxO is a pro-inflammatory transcription factor that is a key mediator of generation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in the liver. However, the detailed association of FoxO6 with insulin resistance and age-related inflammation has not been fully documented. Here, we showed that FoxO6 was elevated in the livers of aging rats and obese mice that exhibited insulin resistance. In addition, virus-mediated FoxO6 activation led to insulin resistance in mice with a notable increase in PAR2 and inflammatory signaling in the liver. On the other hand, FoxO6-KO mice showed reduced PAR2 signaling with a decrease in inflammatory cytokine expression and elevated insulin signaling. Because FoxO6 is closely associated with abnormal production of IL-1β in the liver, we focused on the FoxO6/IL-1β/PAR2 axis to further examine mechanisms underlying FoxO6-mediated insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver. In vitro experiments showed that FoxO6 directly binds to and elevates IL-1β expression. In turn, IL-1β treatment elevated the protein levels of PAR2 with a significant decrease in hepatic insulin signaling, whereas PAR2-siRNA treatment abolished these effects. However, PAR2-siRNA treatment had no effect on IL-1β expression induced by FoxO6, indicating that IL-1β may not be downstream of PAR2. Taken together, we assume that FoxO6-mediated IL-1β is involved in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance via TF/PAR2 pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gi, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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11
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Sodin-Semrl S, Antico G, Mikus R, Lakota K, Varga J, Fiore S. Lipoxin A4 and Serum Amyloid a Differentially Modulate Phospholipase D in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0900700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and scrum amyloid A (SAA) are endogenous negative and positive modulators of inflammation, respectively. Both molecules bind the shared lipoxin A4 receptor (ALX) and elicit opposing effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. The aim of these studies is to examine the divergence of the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by lipid LXA4 (1 nM) and protein SAA (200 nM) ligands of ALX. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a phosphohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) from membrane phospholipids. Our results showed that in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, activation of PLD occurred only in response to LXA4, and not SAA. PA (30 μM) mimicked LXA4 and demonstrated inhibition of IL-8 production induced by SAA or interleukin-1β. In sharp contrast to LXA4, SAA confirmed the stimulation of IL-8 release as determined previously. Taken together, these findings suggest that two physiologic ligands sharing the common ALX receptor, LXA4 and SAA, differentially regulate the level of PLD activation and differentially modulate IL-8. These results may have important implications for understanding the regulation of inflammatory responses under physiologic and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sodin-Semrl
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G. Antico
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R. Mikus
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, IL, USA
| | - K. Lakota
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J. Varga
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL, USA; Present address
| | - S. Fiore
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Genentech Inc., Clinical Science Development ITGR, 1 DNA Way, M/S 211, S. San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Arif R, Zaradzki M, Remes A, Seppelt P, Kunze R, Schröder H, Schwill S, Ensminger SM, Robinson PN, Karck M, Müller OJ, Hecker M, Wagner AH, Kallenbach K. AP-1 Oligodeoxynucleotides Reduce Aortic Elastolysis in a Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:69-79. [PMID: 29246325 PMCID: PMC5608502 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is characterized by high expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) associated with medial elastolysis and aortic root aneurysm. We aimed to reduce aortic elastolysis through decrease of MMP expression with decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (dODNs) neutralizing the transcription factor activating factor-1 (AP-1). AP-1 abundance in nuclear extracts as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were significantly increased in isolated mAoSMC of mgR/mgR Marfan mice compared to wild-type cells. Exposure to AP-1 neutralizing dODNs resulted in a significant reduction of basal and interleukin-1β-stimulated MMP expression and activity in mAoSMCs. Moreover, increased migration and formation of superoxide radical anions was substantially decreased in mAoSMCs by AP-1 dODN treatment. Aortic grafts from donor Marfan mice were treated with AP-1- dODN ex vivo and implanted as infrarenal aortic interposition grafts in mgR/mgR mice. Pretreatment of aortic grafts with AP-1 dODN led to reduced elastolysis, macrophage infiltration, and MMP activity. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer was increased for dODN in mgR/mgR aortae with observed loss of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, enabling dODN to reach the tunica media. Targeting AP-1 activity offers a new potential strategy to treat the vascular phenotype associated with Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawa Arif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcin Zaradzki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca Remes
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Seppelt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schröder
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Schwill
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Cardiovascular Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kallenbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; INCCI HaerzZenter, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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13
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Sodin-Semrl S, Spagnolo A, Mikus R, Barbaro B, Varga J, Fiore S. Opposing Regulation of Interleukin-8 and NF-kB Responses by Lipoxin A4 and Serum Amyloid a via the Common Lipoxin a Receptor. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 17:145-56. [PMID: 15171815 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a potent eicosanoid that inhibits IL-1β-induced activation of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) via the LXA4 receptor (ALXR). Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase reactant with cytokine-like properties. SAA has been shown to bind the same seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ligated by LXA4. Here we compared the inflammatory responses of lipid (LXA4) and peptide (SAA) ligands in human FLS via the shared ALX and characterized their downstream signaling. LXA4 induced stimulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2, whereas SAA induced interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. SAA up-regulated NF-kB and AP-1 DNA binding activity, while LXA4 markedly inhibited these responses after IL-1β stimulation. A human IL-8 promoter luciferase construct was transfected into CHO cells stably expressing ALXR in order to determine the role of NF-kB and/or AP-1 in the regulation of IL-8 gene expression. The NF-kB pathway proved to be the preeminent for the biological responses elicited by both ligands. These findings suggest that two endogenous molecules, targeting a common receptor, could participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis by differentially regulating inflammatory responses in tissues expressing the ALXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sodin-Semrl
- Section of Rheumatology, Dept Med, COM, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7171, USA
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14
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Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Uterine Myometrial Physiology and Preterm Birth. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:171-190. [PMID: 28527571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myometrium holds the structural integrity for the uterus and generates force for parturition with its primary component, the smooth muscle cells. The progesterone receptor mediates progesterone-dependent signaling and connects to a network of pathways for regulation of contractility and inflammatory responses in myometrium. Dysfunctional progesterone signaling has been linked to pregnancy complications including preterm birth. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on modifiers and effectors of the progesterone receptor signaling. Discussions include novel conceptual discoveries and new development in legacy pathways such as the signal transducers NF-κB, ZEB, microRNA, and the unfolded protein response pathways. We also discuss the impact of progesterone receptor isoform composition and ligand accessibility in modification of the progesterone receptor genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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15
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Ghatak S, Markwald RR, Hascall VC, Dowling W, Lottes RG, Baatz JE, Beeson G, Beeson CC, Perrella MA, Thannickal VJ, Misra S. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) regulates CD44V6 expression and activity through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-induced EGR1 in pulmonary fibrogenic fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10465-10489. [PMID: 28389562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of myofibroblasts is generally thought to be the underlying cause of the fibrotic changes that underlie idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the cellular/molecular mechanisms that account for the fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation/activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. We investigated the functional role of hyaluronan receptor CD44V6 (CD44 containing variable exon 6 (v6)) for differentiation of lung fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype. Increased hyaluronan synthesis and CD44 expression have been detected in numerous fibrotic organs. Previously, we found that the TGFβ1/CD44V6 pathway is important in lung myofibroblast collagen-1 and α-smooth-muscle actin synthesis. Because increased EGR1 (early growth response-1) expression has been shown to appear very early and nearly coincident with the expression of CD44V6 found after TGFβ1 treatment, we investigated the mechanism(s) of regulation of CD44V6 expression in lung fibroblasts by TGFβ1. TGFβ1-mediated CD44V6 up-regulation was initiated through EGR1 via ERK-regulated transcriptional activation. We showed that TGFβ1-induced CD44V6 expression is through EGR1-mediated AP-1 (activator protein-1) activity and that the EGR1- and AP-1-binding sites in the CD44v6 promoter account for its responsiveness to TGFβ1 in lung fibroblasts. We also identified a positive-feedback loop in which ERK/EGR1 signaling promotes CD44V6 splicing and found that CD44V6 then sustains ERK signaling, which is important for AP-1 activity in lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, we identified that HAS2-produced hyaluronan is required for CD44V6 and TGFβRI co-localization and subsequent CD44V6/ERK1/EGR1 signaling. These results demonstrate a novel positive-feedback loop that links the myofibroblast phenotype to TGFβ1-stimulated CD44V6/ERK/EGR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
| | - Roger R Markwald
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - William Dowling
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.,the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424
| | | | | | - Gyada Beeson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Mark A Perrella
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006
| | - Suniti Misra
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
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16
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Maeda A, Soejima K, Bandow K, Kuroe K, Kakimoto K, Miyawaki S, Okamoto A, Matsuguchi T. Force-induced IL-8 from Periodontal Ligament Cells Requires IL-1β. J Dent Res 2016; 86:629-34. [PMID: 17586709 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, mechanical stresses induce inflammatory reactions in the periodontal ligament (PDL). We hypothesized that chemokines released from PDL cells under mechanical stress regulate osteoclastogenesis, and investigated the profiles and mechanisms of chemokine expression by human PDL cells in response to mechanical stress. In vitro, shear stress and pressure force rapidly increased the gene and protein expressions of IL-8/CXCL8 by PDL cells. Consistently, amounts of IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid of healthy individuals increased within 2 to 4 days of orthodontic force application. The PDL cells constitutively expressed low levels of IL-1β, which were not further increased by mechanical stress. Interestingly, neutralization of IL-1β abolished IL-8 induction by mechanical stresses, indicating that IL-1β is essential for IL-8 induction, presumably though autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Finally, experiments with signal-specific inhibitors indicated that MAP kinase activation is essential for IL-8 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maeda
- Department of Orthodontics, Field of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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17
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Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Saedisomeolia A, Abdolahi M, Shayeganrad A, Taheri Sangsari G, Hassanzadeh Rad B, Muench G. Molecular Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Retinoids and Carotenoids in Alzheimer's Disease: a Review of Current Evidence. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:289-304. [PMID: 27864661 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive loss of mental function and ability to learn. AD is a multifactorial disorder. Various hypotheses are suggested for the pathophysiology of AD including "Aβ hypothesis," "tau hypothesis," and "cholinergic hypothesis." Recently, it has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation causes synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death within the brain. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators induces Aβ peptide production/accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau generating inflammatory molecules and cytokines. These inflammatory molecules disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity and increase the production of Aβ42 oligomers. Retinoids and carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents having neuroprotective properties. They are able to prevent disease progression through several mechanisms such as suppression of Aβ peptide production/accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory mediator's secretion as well as improvement of cognitive performance. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of retinoids and carotenoids through multiple pathways. Therefore, the administration of these nutrients is considered as a promising approach to the prevention and/or treatment of AD in the future. The aim of this review is to present existing evidences regarding the beneficial effects of retinoids and carotenoids on AD's risk and outcomes, seeking the mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia. .,School of Molecular Bioscience, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mina Abdolahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayeganrad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Gerald Muench
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
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18
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Na HS, Song YR, Kim S, Heo JY, Chung HY, Chung J. Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-1β−Stimulated IL-8 Production in KB Cells. J Periodontol 2016; 87:e108-15. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Anupama V, George M, Dhanesh SB, Chandran A, James J, Shivakumar K. Molecular mechanisms in H2O2-induced increase in AT1 receptor gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts: A role for endogenously generated Angiotensin II. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:295-305. [PMID: 27208880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The AT1 receptor (AT1R) mediates the manifold actions of angiotensin II in the cardiovascular system. This study probed the molecular mechanisms that link altered redox status to AT1R expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that H2O2 enhances AT1R mRNA and protein expression via NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species induction. Activation of NF-κB and AP-1, demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, abolition of AT1R expression by their inhibitors, Bay-11-7085 and SR11302, respectively, and luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed transcriptional control of AT1R by NF-κB and AP-1 in H2O2-treated cells. Further, inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) using chemical inhibitors or by RNA interference attenuated AT1R expression. Inhibition of the MAPKs showed that while ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK suffice for NF-κB activation, all three kinases are required for AP-1 activation. H2O2 also increased collagen type I mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, the AT1R antagonist, candesartan, attenuated H2O2-stimulated AT1R and collagen mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that H2O2 up-regulates AT1R and collagen expression via local Angiotensin II generation, which was confirmed by real-time PCR and ELISA. To conclude, oxidative stress enhances AT1R gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts by a complex mechanism involving the redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 that are activated by the co-ordinated action of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK. Importantly, by causally linking oxidative stress to Angiotensin II and AT1R up-regulation in cardiac fibroblasts, this study offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anupama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Mereena George
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Sivadasan Bindu Dhanesh
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Bacterial and Parasite Disease Biology, Tropical Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jackson James
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - K Shivakumar
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India.
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Jang EJ, Jeong HO, Park D, Kim DH, Choi YJ, Chung KW, Park MH, Yu BP, Chung HY. Src Tyrosine Kinase Activation by 4-Hydroxynonenal Upregulates p38, ERK/AP-1 Signaling and COX-2 Expression in YPEN-1 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129244. [PMID: 26466383 PMCID: PMC4605600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a major end product of lipid peroxidation, is highly reactive and involved in various cellular processes, such as inflammatory signaling. However, to date, the mechanistic roles of 4-HNE in inflammatory signaling related to protein tyrosine kinases have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between 4-HNE and Src (a non-receptor tyrosine kinase) for its involvement in the molecular modulation of the inflammatory signaling pathway utilizing the YPEN-1 cell system. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that 4-HNE phosphorylates (activates) Src at Tyr416 via adduct formation. In addition, LC-MS/MS and a docking simulation model revealed an addiction site at the Cys248 residue of Src, resulting in the stimulation of downstream p38, ERK/AP-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signaling in YPEN-1 cells. The role of 4-HNE-activated Src in downstream inflammatory signaling was further investigated using dasatinib (a Src inhibitor) and by siRNA knockdown of Src. p38 and ERK were directly regulated by Src, as revealed by immunoblotting of the phosphorylated forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are key elements in the signaling transduction pathway initiated by Src. The study also shows that Src modulates the HNE-enhanced activation of AP-1 and the expression of COX-2 (a target gene of AP-1). Together, the results of this study show that 4-HNE stimulates Src tyrosine kinase in activation of the inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Jang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jeong
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229–3900, United States of America
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Refsnes M, Skuland T, Låg M, Schwarze PE, Øvrevik J. Differential NF-κB and MAPK activation underlies fluoride- and TPA-mediated CXCL8 (IL-8) induction in lung epithelial cells. J Inflamm Res 2014; 7:169-85. [PMID: 25540590 PMCID: PMC4270361 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s69646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different toxic agents have a varying potential to induce the production of the proinflammatory chemokine, CXCL8 (interleukin [IL]-8), in lung cells. A critical question is which mechanisms determine the magnitude and persistence of the CXCL8 responses to different stimuli. To approach this, we compared the potential of the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and sodium fluoride (NaF) to induce CXCL8 responses in A549 cells, with emphasis on the importance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Notably, TPA induced a greater release of CXCL8 than did NaF. Furthermore, TPA induced a strong, rapid, but transient upregulation of CXCL8 messenger (m)RNA, whereas NaF induced a weaker, more delayed, but persistent upregulation. With respect to signaling, TPA led to an early, strong, and relatively transient extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, and a less marked and even more transient phosphorylation of c-jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK1/2) and p38. In contrast, NaF elicited a lower, but relatively sustained increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and a marked phosphorylation of p38 and JNK1/2, with the JNK1/2 response as most transient. Only ERK1/2 inhibition affected the TPA response, whereas inhibition of all the three MAPK cascades reduced NaF-induced CXCL8 release. TPA also induced an early, marked phosphorylation/translocation of p65 (NF-κB), whereas NaF induced slower, less pronounced effects on p65. The CXCL8 responses by TPA and NaF were reduced by p65-siRNA. In conclusion, all MAPK cascades were involved in NaF-induced CXCL8 release, whereas only ERK1/2 activation was involved in response to TPA. Furthermore, NF-κB activation appeared to be indispensable for CXCL8 induction. The early response, magnitude, and persistency of MAPK and NF-κB signaling seemed to be critical determinants for the potential to induce CXCL8. These findings underscore that a strong, rapid, and relatively transient activation of ERK1/2 in combination with NF-kB may be sufficient for a strong induction of CXCL8, which may exceed the effects of a more moderate ERK1/2 activation in combination with activation of p38, JNK1/2, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Lee KH, Choi EY, Koh SA, Kim MK, Jang BI, Kim SW, Kim JR. IL-1β-stimulated urokinase plasminogen activator expression through NF-κB in gastric cancer after HGF treatment. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2123-30. [PMID: 24626561 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to regulate the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in a gastric cancer cell is not widely acknowledged. To identify the genes associated with the plasminogen activator proteolytic axis by HGF, we used cDNA microarray technology and selected genes upregulated or downregulated in two gastric cell lines (NUGC-3 and MKN-28). First, IL-1β RNA and protein were confirmed to be upregulated. Then, we investigated the effect of IL-1β induced by HGF on the uPA system, facilitating the migration and invasion of cancer cells in the metastatic process. The role for IL-1β in HGF-induced upregulation of uPA was determined by knockdown of IL-1β with IL-1β shRNA and a chromatin immune precipitation assay. The levels of IL-1β and uPA were upregulated in cells treated with HGF in a dose-dependent manner. HGF-induced upregulation of uPA was suppressed by IL-1β knockdown. HGF enhanced the binding activity of NF-κB to the uPA promoter in control cells, but not in the IL-1β shRNA cells. We confirmed the functional role of HGF inactivation of the uPA promoter by a reporter gene assay. Downregulation of IL-1β using IL-1β shRNA also decreased cell proliferation and in vitro cell invasion. IL-1β stimulated uPA expression through ERK and NF-κB in gastric cancer, which may therefore be promising targets for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ae Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Gastro-Enterology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yunusova T, Akhtar M, Poltoratsky V. Analysis of LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent interleukin-8 transcription in kidney embryonic cell line expressing TLR4 using luciferase assay. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1172:305-14. [PMID: 24908317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0928-5_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is orchestrated by a complex network of signal transduction pathways that typically originate on cell surface receptors and culminate in DNA-binding transcription factors, which translocate to the nucleus and bind cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions of genes, thereby inducing de novo synthesis of the nascent RNA transcripts and their splicing. Gene expression arrays monitor abundance of the matured, spliced cDNA, which undergoes additional posttranscriptional modifications that greatly affect the half-life of the cDNA. Thus, the relative abundance of cDNA is not necessarily commensurable with the activity of promoters of the corresponding genes. In contrast, reporter gene assays provide valuable insight into the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription and allow for discerning the contribution of individual transcription factors into changes in gene expression. Here, we describe a robust reporter gene assay method that is useful for exploration of transcription regulatory network, which regulates gene expression in response to inflammation. The method is exemplified by using the promoter region of the prototypic pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8), which plays an important role in immune response as well as carcinogenesis. Using the luciferase reporter gene assay, we analyze the activation status of the IL-8 promoter in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human embryonic kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Yunusova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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Lyman M, Lloyd DG, Ji X, Vizcaychipi MP, Ma D. Neuroinflammation: the role and consequences. Neurosci Res 2013; 79:1-12. [PMID: 24144733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is central to the common pathology of several acute and chronic brain diseases. This review examines the consequences of excessive and prolonged neuroinflammation, particularly its damaging effects on cellular and/or brain function, as well as its relevance to disease progression and possible interventions. The evidence gathered here indicates that neuroinflammation causes and accelerates long-term neurodegenerative disease, playing a central role in the very early development of chronic conditions including dementia. The wide scope and numerous complexities of neuroinflammation suggest that combinations of different preventative and therapeutic approaches may be efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty Lyman
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Dafydd G Lloyd
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Marcela P Vizcaychipi
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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Piplani H, Rana C, Vaish V, Vaiphei K, Sanyal SN. Dolastatin, along with Celecoxib, stimulates apoptosis by a mechanism involving oxidative stress, membrane potential change and PI3-K/AKT pathway down regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5142-56. [PMID: 23872169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is an important regulator of oncogenesis and apoptosis in various types of cancers including colon cancer. A combinatorial strategy of using Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, Celecoxib and Dolastatin, a linear peptide from marine mollusks of Indian Ocean origin has shown anti-neoplastic effects in colon cancer in a rat model. METHODS The signal transduction pathway of PI3-K/AKT and the downstream signaling proteins had been studied in an early stage of colon carcinogenesis (DMH induced) by gene and protein expression, apoptotic studies by colonocyte apoptotic bleb assay, intracellular calcium level by fluorescence spectrometry, mitochondrial membrane potential by Rhodamine 123 flow cytometry and Reactive oxygen species measurement. Molecular docking analysis was employed to study the interaction of oncogenic proteins and the ligand, Celecoxib and Dolastatin. RESULTS Apoptotic cell index was lowered with DMH while both the drugs increased it and inhibited PI3-K and AKT expression. Docking studies revealed both the proteins targeted by the drugs via an ATP binding site. An increased expression of GSK-3β, pro-apoptotic protein Bad, transcription factor Egr-1, tumor suppressor protein PTEN while a downregulation of G1-associated cell cycle protein, Cyclin D1 and increased intracellular calcium as well as reactive oxygen species were observed. Also, the number of cells having a higher mitochondrial membrane potential was lowered. CONCLUSION Celecoxib and Dolastatin inhibited the tumor development through regulation of the PI3-K/AKT pathway which can act as a novel target for these drugs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The anti-cancer properties of Dolastatin, a peptide isolated from marine mollusks in colorectal cancer is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honit Piplani
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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26
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Ricin and Ricin-Containing Immunotoxins: Insights into Intracellular Transport and Mechanism of action in Vitro. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Wang YS, Wang HYJ, Liao YC, Tsai PC, Chen KC, Cheng HY, Lin RT, Juo SHH. MicroRNA-195 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and prevents neointimal formation. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:517-26. [PMID: 22802111 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can cause atherosclerosis and neointimal formation. MicroRNAs have been shown to regulate cell proliferation and phenotype transformation. We discovered abundant expression of microRNA-195 in VSMCs and conducted a series of studies to identify its function in the cardiovascular system. METHODS AND RESULTS MicroRNA-195 expression was initially found to be altered when VSMCs were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in a non-replicated microRNA array experiment. Using cellular studies, we found that microRNA-195 reduced VSMC proliferation, migration, and synthesis of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Using bioinformatics prediction and experimental studies, we showed that microRNA-195 could repress the expression of Cdc42, CCND1, and FGF1 genes. Using a rat model, we found that the microRNA-195 gene, introduced by adenovirus, substantially reduced neointimal formation in a balloon-injured carotid artery. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of microRNA-195 in the treated arteries but not in control arteries. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed abundant Cdc42 in the neointima of treated arteries. CONCLUSIONS We showed that microRNA-195 plays a role in the cardiovascular system by inhibiting VSMC proliferation, migration, and proinflammatory biomarkers. MicroRNA-195 may have the potential to reduce neointimal formation in patients receiving stenting or angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Song Wang
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou First Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Bhasin M, Huang Z, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Malek JY, LoGerfo PJ, Contreras M, Guthrie P, Csizmadia E, Andersen N, Kocher O, Ferran C, LoGerfo FW. Temporal network based analysis of cell specific vein graft transcriptome defines key pathways and hub genes in implantation injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39123. [PMID: 22720046 PMCID: PMC3376111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vein graft failure occurs between 1 and 6 months after implantation due to obstructive intimal hyperplasia, related in part to implantation injury. The cell-specific and temporal response of the transcriptome to vein graft implantation injury was determined by transcriptional profiling of laser capture microdissected endothelial cells (EC) and medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) from canine vein grafts, 2 hours (H) to 30 days (D) following surgery. Our results demonstrate a robust genomic response beginning at 2 H, peaking at 12-24 H, declining by 7 D, and resolving by 30 D. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes indicated that implantation injury affects inflammatory and immune responses, apoptosis, mitosis, and extracellular matrix reorganization in both cell types. Through backpropagation an integrated network was built, starting with genes differentially expressed at 30 D, followed by adding upstream interactive genes from each prior time-point. This identified significant enrichment of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB, dendritic cell maturation, glucocorticoid receptor, and Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1) signaling, as well as PPARα activation pathways in graft EC and SMC. Interactive network-based analyses identified IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, and Insulin Receptor (INSR) as focus hub genes within these pathways. Real-time PCR was used for the validation of two of these genes: IL-6 and IL-8, in addition to Collagen 11A1 (COL11A1), a cornerstone of the backpropagation. In conclusion, these results establish causality relationships clarifying the pathogenesis of vein graft implantation injury, and identifying novel targets for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bhasin
- Genomics and Proteomics Center, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhen Huang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Junaid Y. Malek
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip J. LoGerfo
- Genomics and Proteomics Center, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick Guthrie
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Andersen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Deptartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 pathway negatively regulates Rgs4 expression in colonic smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35646. [PMID: 22545125 PMCID: PMC3335800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulator of G-protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) plays an important role in regulating smooth muscle contraction, cardiac development, neural plasticity and psychiatric disorder. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Our recent studies have shown that upregulation of Rgs4 by interleukin (IL)-1β is mediated by the activation of NFκB signaling and modulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase. Here we investigate the effect of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway on Rgs4 expression in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cultured cells at first passage were treated with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of the selective JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or JNK small hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression levels of Rgs4 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. SP600125 or JNK shRNA increased Rgs4 expression in the absence or presence of IL-1β stimulation. Overexpression of MEKK1, the key upstream kinase of JNK, inhibited Rgs4 expression, which was reversed by co-expression of JNK shRNA or dominant-negative mutants for MKK4 or JNK. Both constitutive and inducible upregulation of Rgs4 expression by SP600125 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D. Dual reporter assay showed that pretreatment with SP600125 sensitized the promoter activity of Rgs4 in response to IL-1β. Mutation of the AP1-binding site within Rgs4 promoter increased the promoter activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that IL-1β treatment increased the phosphorylation of JNK, ATF-2 and c-Jun. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays validated that IL-1β increased the in vitro and ex vivo binding activities of AP1 within rabbit Rgs4 promoter. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Activation of MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 signal pathway plays a tonic inhibitory role in regulating Rgs4 transcription in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells. This negative regulation may aid in maintaining the transient level of RGS4 expression.
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Abstract
Shiga toxins and ricin are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis. In addition to causing inhibition of protein synthesis, these toxins activate proinflammatory signaling cascades that may contribute to the severe diseases associated with toxin exposure. Treatment of cells with Shiga toxins and ricin have been shown to activate a number of signaling pathways including those associated with the ribotoxic stress response, Nuclear factor kappa B activation, inflammasome activation, the unfolded protein response, mTOR signaling, hemostasis, and retrograde trafficking. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of these signaling pathways as they pertain to intoxication by Shiga toxins and ricin.
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Kim JH, Sohn HJ, Lee SH, Kwon D, Shin HJ. Induction of interleukin-8 by Naegleria fowleri lysates requires activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human astroglial cells. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:587-92. [PMID: 22411631 PMCID: PMC7088079 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans and experimental animals. To investigate the mechanisms of such inflammatory diseases, potential chemokine gene activation in human astroglial cells was investigated following treatment with N. fowleri lysates. We demonstrated that N. fowleri are potent inducers for the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes in human astroglial cells which was preceded by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, N. fowleri lysates induces the DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1), an important transcription factor for IL-8 induction. The specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/ERK inhibitor, U0126, blocks N. fowleri-mediated AP-1 activation and subsequent IL-8 induction. N. fowleri-induced IL-8 expression requires activation of ERK in human astroglial cells. These findings indicate that treatment of N. fowleri on human astroglial cells leads to the activation of AP-1 and subsequent expression of IL-8 which are dependent on ERK activation. These results may help understand the N. fowleri-mediated upregulation of chemokine and cytokine expression in the astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, and Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, Republic of Korea
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Silbajoris R, Osornio-Vargas AR, Simmons SO, Reed W, Bromberg PA, Dailey LA, Samet JM. Ambient particulate matter induces interleukin-8 expression through an alternative NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) mechanism in human airway epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1379-83. [PMID: 21665565 PMCID: PMC3230452 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) has been shown to increase rates of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. OBJECTIVE We examined signaling events involved in the expression of the inflammatory gene interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) exposed to ambient PM collected in an urban area of Mexicali, Mexico. METHODS We studied IL-8 expression and regulatory signaling pathways in cultured HAECs exposed to Mexicali PM suspended in media for 0-4 hr. RESULTS Exposure resulted in a dose-dependent, 2- to 8-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA expression relative to controls. PM exposure induced IL-8 transcriptional activity in BEAS-2B cells that was dependent on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) response element in the IL-8 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed a 3-fold increase in binding of the p65 (RelA) NF-κB isoform to the IL-8 promoter sequence in HAECs exposed to PM. Western blot analyses showed elevated levels of phosphorylation of p65 but no changes in IκBα phosphorylation or degradation. IL-8 expression was blunted in a dose-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells transduced with a lentivirus encoding a dominant negative p65 mutant in which phosphorylation sites were inactivated. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings show that the increase in IL-8 mRNA expression in HAECs exposed to PM10 (PM ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) is mediated through an NF-κB-dependent signaling mechanism that occurs through a pathway involving direct phosphorylation of the transcription factor p65 in the absence of IκBα degradation. These data show that exposure to PM10 in ambient air can induce inflammatory responses by activating specific signaling mechanisms in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Silbajoris
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Schauer IG, Rowley DR. The functional role of reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Differentiation 2011; 82:200-10. [PMID: 21664759 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human prostate gland is one of the only internal organs that continue to enlarge throughout adulthood. The specific mechanisms that regulate this growth, as well as the pathological changes leading to the phenotype observed in the disease benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are essentially unknown. Recent studies and their associated findings have made clear that many complex alterations occur, involving persistent and chronic inflammation, circulating hormonal level deregulation, and aberrant wound repair processes. BPH has been etiologically characterized as a progressive, albeit discontinuous, hyperplasia of both the glandular epithelial and the stromal cell compartments coordinately yielding an expansion of the prostate gland and clinical symptoms. Interestingly, the inflammatory and repair responses observed in BPH are also key components of general wound repair in post-natal tissues. These responses include altered expression of chemokines, cytokines, matrix remodeling factors, chronic inflammatory processes, altered immune surveillance and recognition, as well as the formation of a prototypical 'reactive' stroma, which is similar to that observed across various fibroplasias and malignancies of a variety of tissue sites. Stromal tissue, both embryonic mesenchyme and adult reactive stroma myofibroblasts, has been shown to exert potent and functional regulatory control over epithelial proliferation and differentiation as well as immunoresponsive modulation. Thus, the functional biology of a reactive stroma, within the context of an adult disease typified by epithelial and stromal aberrant hyperplasia, is critical to understand within the context of prostate disease and beyond. The mechanisms that regulate reactive stroma biology in BPH represent targets of opportunity for new therapeutic approaches that may extend to other tissue contexts. Accordingly, this review seeks to address the dissection of important factors, signaling pathways, genes, and other regulatory components that mediate the interplay between epithelium and stromal responses in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah G Schauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, One Baylor Plaza, Jewish Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 325D, mailstop BCM130, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wang L, Yang CLH, Or TCT, Chen G, Zhou J, Li JCB, Lau ASY. Differential effects of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao) on cytokine and chemokine expression inducible by mycobacteria. Chin Med 2011; 6:14. [PMID: 21447195 PMCID: PMC3076300 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upon initial infection with mycobacteria, macrophages secrete multiple cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), to mediate host immune responses against the pathogen. Mycobacteria also induce the production of IL-10 via PKR activation in primary human monocytes and macrophages. As an anti-inflammatory cytokine, over-expression of IL-10 may contribute to mycobacterial evasion of the host immunity. Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR, Chishao), a Chinese medicinal herb with potentials of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, is used to treat tuberculosis. This study investigates the immunoregulatory effects of RPR on primary human blood macrophages (PBMac) during mycobacterial infection. Methods The interaction of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with PBMac was used as an experimental model. A series of procedures involving solvent extraction and fractionation were used to isolate bioactive constituents in RPR. RPR-EA-S1, a fraction with potent immunoregulatory effects was obtained with a bioactivity guided fractionation scheme. PBMac were treated with crude RPR extracts or RPR-EA-S1 before BCG stimulation. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by qPCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of RPR-EA-S1 on signaling kinases and transcriptional factors in the BCG-activated PBMac. Results In BCG-stimulated macrophages, crude RPR extracts and fraction RPR-EA-S1 specifically inhibited IL-10 production while enhanced IL-8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels without affecting the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α. Inhibition of BCG-induced IL-10 expression by RPR-EA-S1 occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RPR-EA-S1 did not affect the phosphorylation of cellular protein kinases including MAPK, Akt and GSK3β. Instead, it suppressed the degradation of IκBα in the cytoplasm and inhibited the translocation of transcription factor NF-κB1 p50 to the nucleus. Conclusion RPR crude extracts and its fraction RPR-EA-S1 inhibited anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and enhanced pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 expression in BCG-activated PBMac. The inhibitory effects of RPR-EA-S1 on IL-10 expression in BCG-activated PBMac may be due to the reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB1 p50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Molecular Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Linking L1CAM-mediated signaling to NF-κB activation. Trends Mol Med 2010; 17:178-87. [PMID: 21195665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) was originally identified as a neural adhesion molecule essential for neurite outgrowth and axon guidance. Many studies have now shown that L1CAM is overexpressed in human carcinomas and associated with poor prognosis. So far, L1CAM-mediated cellular signaling has been largely attributed to an association with growth factor receptors, referred to as L1CAM-'assisted' signaling. New data demonstrate that L1CAM can signal via two additional mechanisms: 'forward' signaling via regulated intramembrane proteolysis and 'reverse' signaling via the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Taken together, these findings lead to a new understanding of L1CAM downstream signaling that is fundamental for the development of anti-L1CAM antibody-mediated therapeutics in human tumor cells.
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Hwang YP, Yun HJ, Choi JH, Chun HK, Chung YC, Kim SK, Kim BH, Kwon KI, Jeong TC, Lee KY, Jeong HG. 3-Caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid from Salicornia herbacea inhibits tumor cell invasion by regulating protein kinase C-δ-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Toxicol Lett 2010; 198:200-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Choi KH, Park JW, Kim HY, Kim YH, Kim SM, Son YH, Park YC, Eo SK, Kim K. Cellular factors involved in CXCL8 expression induced by glycated serum albumin in vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2010; 209:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion by dihydroartemisinin via inhibition of PKCalpha/Raf/MAPKs and NF-kappaB/AP-1-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1714-26. [PMID: 20152819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, has recently been shown to possess antitumor activity in various cancer cells. However, the effects of DHA in preventing the invasion of cancer cells have not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of DHA on tumor invasion and migration and the possible mechanisms involved using human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. DHA reduced PMA-induced activation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and further inhibited cell invasion and migration. DHA suppressed PMA-enhanced expression of MMP-9 protein, mRNA, and transcriptional activity through suppressing NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation without changing the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. DHA also reduced PMA-enhanced MMP-2 expression by suppressing membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP), but did not alter TIMP-2 levels. DHA-inhibited PMA-induced NF-kappaB and c-Jun nuclear translocation, which are upstream of PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and invasion. Furthermore, DHA strongly repressed the PMA-induced phosphorylation of Raf/ERK and JNK, which are dependent on the PKCalpha pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the anti-invasive effects of DHA may occur through inhibition of PKCalpha/Raf/ERK and JNK phosphorylation and reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, leading to down-regulation of MMP-9 expression. The data presented show that DHA is an effective anti-metastatic agent that functions by down-regulating MMP-9 gene expression.
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Influence of NFkappaB inhibitors on IL-1beta-induced chemokine CXCL8 and -10 expression levels in intestinal epithelial cell lines: glucocorticoid ineffectiveness and paradoxical effect of PDTC. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:323-33. [PMID: 19921217 PMCID: PMC2814033 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and the consequent chemokine upregulation are crucial events in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Not much is known about the consequences of NFkappaB inhibition in terms of chemokine expression in intestinal cells. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of compounds known to disrupt the NFkappaB pathway on NFkappaB transcriptional activity and CXCL8 and CXCL10 gene expression in intestinal cell lines. METHODS The influence of NFkappaB inhibitors (dexamethasone, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and BAY 11-7082) on IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB transcriptional activity was investigated by transient transfection of Caco-2 cells with an NFkappaB-secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter plasmid. Il-1beta stimulated CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein expression and was studied in Caco-2 and HT29 cells in the presence and absence of the NFkappaB inhibitors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay, respectively. To reveal alternative signalling cascades, experiments were also performed in the presence of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 and the ERK inhibitor PD 98059. RESULTS Dexamethasone did not downregulate chemokine expression sufficiently, probably due to a lack of glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. While BAY11-7082 inhibited chemokine expression, PDTC led to a paradoxical upregulation of CXCL8 in Caco-2 cells, which could be prevented by inhibition of p38MAPK. CONCLUSION These data explain the frequent unresponsiveness of IBD to glucocorticoid treatment and suggest that alternative NFkappaB inhibition in IECs might be of use in IBD therapy. Drug development based on measuring anti-NFkappaB activity might be misleading and should therefore also include studies on relevant gene products.
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Orr AW, Hastings NE, Blackman BR, Wamhoff BR. Complex regulation and function of the inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype in atherosclerosis. J Vasc Res 2009; 47:168-80. [PMID: 19851078 DOI: 10.1159/000250095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and is classically defined as a switch from a 'contractile' phenotype to a 'synthetic' phenotype, whereby genes that define the contractile SMC phenotype are suppressed and proliferation and/or migratory mechanisms are induced. There is also evidence that SMCs may take on a 'proinflammatory' phenotype, whereby SMCs secrete cytokines and express cell adhesion molecules, e.g. IL-8, IL-6, and VCAM-1, respectively, which may functionally regulate monocyte and macrophage adhesion and other processes during atherosclerosis. Factors that drive the inflammatory phenotype are not limited to cytokines but also include hemodynamic forces imposed on the blood vessel wall and intimate interaction of endothelial cells with SMCs, as well as changes in matrix composition in the vessel wall. However, it is critical to recognize that our understanding of the complex interaction of these multiple signal inputs has only recently begun to shed light on mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory SMC phenotype, primarily through models that attempt to recreate this environment ex vivo. The goal of this review is to summarize our current knowledge in this area and identify some of the key unresolved challenges and questions requiring further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, La., USA
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Silbajoris R, Huang JM, Cheng WY, Dailey L, Tal TL, Jaspers I, Ghio AJ, Bromberg PA, Samet JM. Nanodiamond particles induce I1-8 expression through a transcript stabilization mechanism in human airway epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390902725948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kim JH, Kim HS. 15-Deoxy-Delta-Prostaglandin J(2) Upregulates the Expression of LPS-Induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Immune Netw 2009; 9:64-73. [PMID: 20107546 PMCID: PMC2803308 DOI: 10.4110/in.2009.9.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 15d-PGJ2 has been known to act as an anti-inflammatory agent and has anti-hypertensive effects. As a result of these properties, we examined the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA expression in VSMCs from SHR. Methods Effect and action mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 on the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in VSMCs from SHR and WKY were examined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay for NF-κB avtivity, Western blotting analysis for ERK and p38 phosphorylation and flow cytometry for NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Results 15d-PGJ2 decreased the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in WKY VSMCs, but increased the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in SHR VSMCs. The upregulatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 in SHR VSMCs was mediated through PPARγ, and dependent on NF-κB activation and ERK phosphorylation. However, inhibition of the p38 signaling pathway augmented the upregulatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA. A NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor inhibited the upregulatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA expression in SHR VSMCs, and an increase in NAD(P)H oxidase activity was detected in SHR VSMCs treated with 15d-PGJ2/LPS. Conclusion Our results indicate that the upregulatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in SHR VSMCs is mediated through the PPARγ and ERK pathway, and may be related to NAD(P)H oxidase activity. However, p38 inactivation may also play an important role in 15d-PGJ2/LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in SHR VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Hu W, Li F, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS. Upregulation of RGS4 expression by IL-1beta in colonic smooth muscle is enhanced by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibited by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1310-20. [PMID: 19369446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00573.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initial Ca(2+)-dependent contraction of intestinal smooth muscle is inhibited upon IL-1beta treatment. The decrease in contraction reflects the upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling-4 (RGS4) via the canonical inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-2 (IKK2)/IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. Here, we show that the activation of various protein kinases, including ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), differentially modulates IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4 in rabbit colonic muscle cells. IL-1beta treatment caused a transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. It also caused the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta), sequential downstream effectors of PI3K. Pretreatment with PD-98059 (an ERK inhibitor) and SB-203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced RGS4 expression. In contrast, LY-294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) augmented, whereas GSK3beta inhibitors inhibited, IL-1beta-induced RGS4 expression. PD-98059 blocked IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IKK2, degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB subunit p65, whereas SB-203580 had a marginal effect, implying that the effect of ERK1/2 is exerted on the canonical IKK2/IkappaB-alpha/p65 pathway of NF-kappaB activation but that the effect of p38 MAPK may not predominantly involve NF-kappaB signaling. The increase in RGS4 expression enhanced by LY-294002 was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of IKK2/IkappaB-alpha/p65 and blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of IKK2 (IKK2-IV) and IkappaB-alpha (MG-132). Inhibition of GSK3beta abolished IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IKK2/p65. These findings suggest that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK enhance IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4; the effect of ERK1/2 reflects its ability to promote IKK2 phosphorylation and increase NF-kappaB activity. GSK3beta acts normally to augment the activation of the canonical NF-kappaB signaling. The PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway attenuates IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4 expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Ruddell RG, Hoang-Le D, Barwood JM, Rutherford PS, Piva TJ, Watters DJ, Santambrogio P, Arosio P, Ramm GA. Ferritin functions as a proinflammatory cytokine via iron-independent protein kinase C zeta/nuclear factor kappaB-regulated signaling in rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 2009; 49:887-900. [PMID: 19241483 PMCID: PMC2701483 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Circulating ferritin levels reflect body iron stores and are elevated with inflammation in chronic liver injury. H-ferritin exhibits a number of extrahepatic immunomodulatory properties, although its role in hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis is unknown. Hepatic stellate cells respond to liver injury through production of proinflammatory mediators that drive fibrogenesis. A specific receptor for ferritin has been demonstrated on activated hepatic stellate cells, although its identity and its role in stellate cell activation is unclear. We propose that ferritin acts as a cytokine regulating proinflammatory function via nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-regulated signaling in hepatic stellate cell biology. Hepatic stellate cells were treated with tissue ferritin and iron-free apoferritin, recombinant H-ferritins and L-ferritins, to assess the role of ferritin versus ferritin-bound iron in the production of proinflammatory mediators of fibrogenesis, and to determine whether signaling pathways act via a proposed H-ferritin endocytosis receptor, T cell immunoglobulin-domain and mucin-domain 2 (Tim-2). This study demonstrated that ferritin activates an iron-independent signaling cascade, involving Tim-2 independent phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase phosphorylation, protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) and p44/p42-mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulting in p50/p65-NF-kappaB activation and markedly enhanced expression of hepatic proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), inhibitor of kappa Balpha (IkappaBalpha), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). CONCLUSIONS This study has defined the role of ferritin as a proinflammatory mediator of hepatic stellate cell biology acting through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, and suggests a potential role in the inflammatory processes associated with hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Ruddell
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Diem Hoang-Le
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne M Barwood
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul S Rutherford
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Terrance J Piva
- School of Medical Sciences, SET Portfolio, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianne J Watters
- Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Proteomics of Iron Metabolism Unit, Dibit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Tecnologie Biomediche, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Grant A Ramm
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Extracellular heat shock protein 90 induces interleukin-8 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 378:444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bérubé J, Bourdon C, Yao Y, Rousseau S. Distinct intracellular signaling pathways control the synthesis of IL-8 and RANTES in TLR1/TLR2, TLR3 or NOD1 activated human airway epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2008; 21:448-56. [PMID: 19121387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a central feature of many respiratory diseases. Airway epithelial cells are exposed to many agents present in the air that can alter their function and have important structural consequences for the airways. In this study, 19 Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)1/NOD2 ligands were screened for their capacity to up-regulate Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in airway epithelial cells. Three ligands (Pam3CSK4, Poly I:C and C12-ie-DAP) were selected for their capacity to activate different receptor complexes (TLR1/TLR2, TLR3 and NOD1 respectively) while leading to the increase of both IL-8 and RANTES albeit with distinct kinetics. Using protein kinase inhibitors we found that the Nuclear Factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway is essential for the transcriptional regulation of both IL-8 and RANTES following the activation of TLR1/TLR2, TLR3 and NOD1. In contrast, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK)1/ERK2 and p38 MAPK were necessary for the transcription of IL-8 but not RANTES. Moreover, we found that the p38 MAPK was implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of IL-8 following TLR3 activation. The distinction made between pathways involved in the regulation of IL-8 and RANTES gives rise to the possibility of designing more targeted clinical approaches based on the biological functions to be ablated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bérubé
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, 3626 St-Urbain, Montréal, Canada H2X 2P2
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Kang SH, Lee JH, Choi KH, Rhim BY, Kim K. Roles of ERK and NF-kappaB in Interleukin-8 Expression in Response to Heat Shock Protein 22 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 12:171-6. [PMID: 19967052 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.4.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve as molecular chaperones and play a role in cell protection from damage in response to stress stimuli. The aim of this article is to investigate whether HSP22 affects IL-8 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and which cellular factors are involved in the HSP-mediated IL-8 induction in that cell type in terms of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transcription element. Exposure of aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) to HSP22 not only enhanced IL-8 release but also induced IL-8 transcript via promoter activation. HSP22 activated ERK and p38 MAPK in AoSMCs. HSP22-induced IL-8 release was inhibited by U0126, but not by SB202190. A mutation in the IL-8 promoter region at the binding site of NF-kappaB, but not AP-1 or C/EBP, impaired promoter activation in response to HSP22. Delivery of IkappaB, but not dominant negative c-Jun, lowered HSP22-induced IL-8 release from AoSMCs. These results suggest that HSP22 induces IL-8 in VSMCs via ERK1/2, and that transcription factor NF-kB may be required for the HSP22-induced IL-8 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Korea
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48
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Bischoff DS, Zhu JH, Makhijani NS, Yamaguchi DT. Acidic pH stimulates the production of the angiogenic CXC chemokine, CXCL8 (interleukin-8), in human adult mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappaB pathways. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1378-92. [PMID: 18275043 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel injury results in limited oxygen tension and diffusion leading to hypoxia, increased anaerobic metabolism, and elevated production of acidic metabolites that cannot be easily removed due to the reduced blood flow. Therefore, an acidic extracellular pH occurs in the local microenvironment of disrupted bone. The potential role of acidic pH and glu-leu-arg (ELR(+)) CXC chemokines in early events in bone repair was studied in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) treated with medium of decreasing pH (7.4, 7.0, 6.7, and 6.4). The cells showed a reciprocal increase in CXCL8 (interleukin-8, IL-8) mRNA levels as extracellular pH decreased. At pH 6.4, CXCL8 mRNA was induced >60x in comparison to levels at pH 7.4. hMSCs treated with osteogenic medium (OGM) also showed an increase in CXCL8 mRNA with decreasing pH; although, at a lower level than that seen in cells grown in non-OGM. CXCL8 protein was secreted into the medium at all pHs with maximal induction at pH 6.7. Inhibition of the G-protein-coupled receptor alpha, G(alphai), suppressed CXCL8 levels in response to acidic pH; whereas phospholipase C inhibition had no effect on CXCL8. The use of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction inhibitors indicated that the pH-dependent increase in CXCL8 mRNA is due to activation of ERK and p38 pathways. The JNK pathway was not involved. NF-kappaB inhibition resulted in a decrease in CXCL8 levels in hMSCs grown in non-OGM. However, OGM-differentiated hMSCs showed an increase in CXCL8 levels when treated with the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC, a pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Bischoff
- Research Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Čokić VP, Schechter AN. Chapter 7 Effects of Nitric Oxide on Red Blood Cell Development and Phenotype. Curr Top Dev Biol 2008; 82:169-215. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(07)00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Intracellular interleukin-1alpha mediates interleukin-8 production induced by Chlamydia trachomatis infection via a mechanism independent of type I interleukin-1 receptor. Infect Immun 2007; 76:942-51. [PMID: 18086816 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01313-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection induces a wide array of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may contribute to chlamydia-induced pathologies. However, the precise mechanisms by which Chlamydia induces cytokines remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) plays an essential role in chlamydial induction of the chemokine IL-8. Cells deficient in IL-1alpha expression or IL-1alpha-competent cells treated with IL-1alpha-specific small interfering RNA failed to produce IL-8 in response to chlamydial infection. However, neutralization of extracellular IL-1alpha or blockade of or deficiency in type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) signaling did not affect chlamydial induction of IL-8 in cells capable of producing IL-1alpha. These results suggest that IL-1alpha can mediate the chlamydial induction of IL-8 via an intracellular mechanism independent of IL-1RI, especially during the early stage of the infection cycle. This conclusion is further supported by the observations that expression of a transgene-encoded full-length IL-1alpha fusion protein in the nuclei enhanced IL-8 production and that nuclear localization of chlamydia-induced precursor IL-1alpha correlated with chlamydial induction of IL-8. Thus, we have identified a novel mechanism for chlamydial induction of the chemokine IL-8.
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