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Corbel C, Salaün J. Potentialité hématopoïétique de l’allantoïde avant la vascularisation chez la souris. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 217:11-12. [PMID: 37409857 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
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Horton PD, Dumbali SP, Bhanu KR, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 33937868 PMCID: PMC8087251 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT. Moreover, expansion of the stem cell pool during embryogenesis requires HSC extravasation into the circulatory system and transit to the fetal liver, which is regulated by forces generated by blood flow. Findings from other cell types also suggest that forces external to the cell are sensed by the nucleus and mitochondria. Interactions between these organelles and the actin cytoskeleton dictate processes such as cell polarization, extrusion, division, survival, and differentiation. SUMMARY Despite challenges of measuring and modeling biophysical cues in the embryonic HSC niche, the past decade has revealed critical roles for mechanotransduction in governing HSC fate decisions. Lessons learned from the study of the embryonic hematopoietic niche promise to provide critical insights that could be leveraged for improvement in HSC generation and expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep P. Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithikaa Rajkumar Bhanu
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel F. Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Gruszka AM, Valli D, Restelli C, Alcalay M. Adhesion Deregulation in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cells 2019; 8:E66. [PMID: 30658474 PMCID: PMC6356639 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a process through which cells interact with and attach to neighboring cells or matrix using specialized surface cell adhesion molecules (AMs). Adhesion plays an important role in normal haematopoiesis and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML blasts express many of the AMs identified on normal haematopoietic precursors. Differential expression of AMs between normal haematopoietic cells and leukaemic blasts has been documented to a variable extent, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. AMs govern a variety of processes within the bone marrow (BM), such as migration, homing, and quiescence. AML blasts home to the BM, as the AM-mediated interaction with the niche protects them from chemotherapeutic agents. On the contrary, they detach from the niches and move from the BM into the peripheral blood to colonize other sites, i.e., the spleen and liver, possibly in a process that is reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition in metastatic solid cancers. The expression of AMs has a prognostic impact and there are ongoing efforts to therapeutically target adhesion in the fight against leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Gruszka
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Debora Valli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Restelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20 122 Milan, Italy.
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Kräter M, Jacobi A, Otto O, Tietze S, Müller K, Poitz DM, Palm S, Zinna VM, Biehain U, Wobus M, Chavakis T, Werner C, Guck J, Bornhauser M. Bone marrow niche-mimetics modulate HSPC function via integrin signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2549. [PMID: 28566689 PMCID: PMC5451425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment provides critical physical cues for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance and fate decision mediated by cell-matrix interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying matrix communication and signal transduction are less well understood. Contrary, stem cell culture is mainly facilitated in suspension cultures. Here, we used bone marrow-mimetic decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to study HSPC-ECM interaction. Seeding freshly isolated HSPCs adherent (AT) and non-adherent (SN) cells were found. We detected enhanced expansion and active migration of AT-cells mediated by ECM incorporated stromal derived factor one. Probing cell mechanics, AT-cells displayed naïve cell deformation compared to SN-cells indicating physical recognition of ECM material properties by focal adhesion. Integrin αIIb (CD41), αV (CD51) and β3 (CD61) were found to be induced. Signaling focal contacts via ITGβ3 were identified to facilitate cell adhesion, migration and mediate ECM-physical cues to modulate HSPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kräter
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Angela Jacobi
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 17489, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tietze
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Katrin Müller
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Sandra Palm
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Ulrike Biehain
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhauser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, 01307, Germany.
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Teichweyde N, Horn PA, Klump H. HOXB4 Increases Runx1 Expression to Promote the de novo Formation of Multipotent Hematopoietic Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2017. [PMID: 28626363 DOI: 10.1159/000477130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The de novo generation of patient-specific hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has become a promising approach for cell replacement therapies in the future. However, efficient differentiation protocols for producing fully functional human hematopoietic stem cells are still missing. In the mouse model, ectopic expression of the human homeotic selector protein HOXB4 has been shown to enforce the development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in differentiating pluripotent stem cell cultures. However, the mechanism how HOXB4 mediates the formation of HSCs capable of long-term, multilineage repopulation after transplantation is not well understood yet. METHODS Using a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-based differentiation model, we asked whether retrovirally expressed HOXB4 induces the expression of Runx1/AML1, a gene whose expression is absolutely necessary for the formation of definitive, adult HSCs during embryonic development. RESULTS During ES cell differentiation, basal expression of Runx1 was observed in all cultures, irrespective of ectopic HOXB4 expression. However, only in those cultures ectopically expressing HOXB4, substantial amounts of hematopoietic progenitors were generated which exclusively displayed increased Runx1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that HOXB4 does not induce basal Runx1 expression but, instead, mediates an increase of Runx1 expression which appears to be a prerequisite for the formation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Teichweyde
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Nurden AT. Should studies on Glanzmann thrombasthenia not be telling us more about cardiovascular disease and other major illnesses? Blood Rev 2017; 31:287-299. [PMID: 28395882 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by loss of αIIbβ3 integrin function in platelets. Most genetic variants of β3 also affect the widely expressed αvβ3 integrin. With brief mention of mouse models, I now look at the consequences of disease-causing ITGA2B and ITGB3 mutations on the non-hemostatic functions of platelets and other cells. Reports of arterial thrombosis in GT patients are rare, but other aspects of cardiovascular disease do occur including deep vein thrombosis and congenital heart defects. Thrombophilic and other risk factors for thrombosis and lessons from heterozygotes and variant forms of GT are discussed. Assessed for GT patients are reports of leukemia and cancer, loss of fertility, bone pathology, inflammation and wound repair, infections, kidney disease, autism and respiratory disease. This survey shows an urgent need for a concerted international effort to better determine how loss of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 influences health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
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7
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Coller BS. The platelet: life on the razor's edge between hemorrhage and thrombosis. Transfusion 2014; 54:2137-46. [PMID: 25092268 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry S Coller
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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8
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Thompson HL, McLelland BT, Manilay JO. Indirect immune recognition of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:347-359.e5. [PMID: 24440521 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived hematopoietic progenitors (ESHPs) requires the generation of ESHPs that produce mature hematopoietic cells and do not induce immune rejection after transplantation. We compared the developmental maturity and immunogenicity of ESHPs generated using two methods: embryoid body (EB) formation and culture of ESCs with the OP9 bone marrow stromal cell line (ESC-OP9). ESHPs derived from EBs displayed an immature hematopoietic phenotype and were devoid of immunogenicity marker expression. In contrast, ESHPs derived via ESC-OP9 displayed a mature phenotype and expressed high levels of some immunostimulatory molecules. ESHPs alone could not stimulate CD4(+) T lymphocyte proliferation directly. However, preferential phagocytosis of ESHPs and T cell proliferation were observed in the presence of antigen-presenting cells, consistent with a model of indirect immune recognition of ESHPs. These results suggest that depletion of host CD4(+) T lymphocytes or antigen-presenting cells may be necessary for successful ESHP transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Thompson
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Bryce T McLelland
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer O Manilay
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
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9
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Lu H, Kojima K, Battula VL, Korchin B, Shi Y, Chen Y, Spong S, Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Lock RB, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia preclinical models: anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody attenuates leukemia growth. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:485-492. [PMID: 24154679 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is involved in extracellular matrix production, tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that CTGF expression is elevated in precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and that increased expression of CTGF is associated with inferior outcome in B-ALL. In this study, we characterized the functional role and downstream signaling pathways of CTGF in ALL cells. First, we utilized lentiviral shRNA to knockdown CTGF in RS4;11 and REH ALL cells expressing high levels of CTGF mRNA. Silencing of CTGF resulted in significant suppression of leukemia cell growth compared to control vector, which was associated with AKT/mTOR inactivation and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. CTGF knockdown sensitized ALL cells to vincristine and methotrexate. Treatment with an anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody, FG-3019, significantly prolonged survival of mice injected with primary xenograft B-ALL cells when co-treated with conventional chemotherapy (vincristine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone). Data suggest that CTGF represents a targetable molecular aberration in B-ALL, and blocking CTGF signaling in conjunction with administration of chemotherapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Borys Korchin
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuexi Shi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ye Chen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Deborah A Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard B Lock
- Leukemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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10
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Swiers G, Rode C, Azzoni E, de Bruijn MFTR. A short history of hemogenic endothelium. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:206-12. [PMID: 24095001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoietic cells are generated de novo during ontogeny from a specialized subset of endothelium, the so-called hemogenic endothelium. In this review we give a brief overview of the identification of hemogenic endothelium, explore its links with the HSC lineage, and summarize recent insights into the nature of hemogenic endothelium and the microenvironmental and intrinsic regulators contributing to its transition into blood. Ultimately, a better understanding of the processes controlling the transition of endothelium into blood will advance the generation and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Swiers
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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11
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Boisset JC, Clapes T, Van Der Linden R, Dzierzak E, Robin C. Integrin αIIb (CD41) plays a role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell activity in the mouse embryonic aorta. Biol Open 2013; 2:525-32. [PMID: 23789102 PMCID: PMC3654272 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play important roles as modulators of cell behaviour through their adhesion properties and the initiation of signaling cascades. The αIIb integrin subunit (CD41) is one of the first cell surface markers indicative of hematopoietic commitment. αIIb pairs exclusively with β3 to form the αIIbβ3 integrin. β3 (CD61) also pairs with αv (CD51) to form the αvβ3 integrin. The expression and putative role of these integrins during mouse hematopoietic development is as yet unknown. We show here that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentially express αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 integrins throughout development. Whereas the first HSCs generated in the aorta at mid-gestation express both integrins, HSCs from the placenta only express αvβ3, and most fetal liver HSCs do not express either integrin. By using αIIb deficient embryos, we show that αIIb is not only a reliable HSC marker but it also plays an important and specific function in maintaining the HSC activity in the mouse embryonic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Boisset
- Present address: Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Return to the hematopoietic stem cell origin. CELL REGENERATION 2012; 1:9. [PMID: 25408872 PMCID: PMC4230910 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studying embryonic hematopoiesis is complicated by diversity of its locations in the constantly changing anatomy and by the mobility of blood cell precursors. Embryonic hematopoietic progenitors are identified in traditional in vivo and in vitro cell potential assays. Profound epigenetic plasticity of mammalian embryonic cells combined with significant inductive capacity of the potential assays suggest that our understanding of hematopoietic ontogenesis is substantially distorted. Non-invasive in vivo cell tracing methodology offers a better insight into complex processes of blood cell specification. In contrast to the widely accepted view based on the cell potential assays, the genetic tracing approach identified the yolk sac as the source of adult hematopoietic stem cell lineage. Realistic knowledge of the blood origin is critical for safe and efficient recapitulation of hematopoietic development in culture.
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13
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Zhou J, Chen H, Li S, Xie Y, He W, Nan X, Yue W, Liu B, Pei X. Fibroblastic Potential of CD41+Cells in the Mouse Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros Region and Yolk Sac. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2592-605. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Zhou
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siting Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenyan He
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Rybtsov S, Sobiesiak M, Taoudi S, Souilhol C, Senserrich J, Liakhovitskaia A, Ivanovs A, Frampton J, Zhao S, Medvinsky A. Hierarchical organization and early hematopoietic specification of the developing HSC lineage in the AGM region. J Exp Med 2011; 208:1305-15. [PMID: 21624936 PMCID: PMC3173253 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region plays an important role in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development during mouse embryogenesis. The vascular endothelial cadherin⁺ CD45⁺ (VE-cad⁺CD45⁺) population contains the major type of immature pre-HSCs capable of developing into long-term repopulating definitive HSCs. In this study, we developed a new coaggregation culture system, which supports maturation of a novel population of CD45-negative (VE-cad⁺CD45⁻CD41⁺) pre-HSCs into definitive HSCs. The appearance of these pre-HSCs precedes development of the VE-cad⁺CD45⁺ pre-HSCs (termed here type I and type II pre-HSCs, respectively), thus establishing a hierarchical directionality in the developing HSC lineage. By labeling the luminal surface of the dorsal aorta, we show that both type I and type II pre-HSCs are distributed broadly within the endothelial and subendothelial aortic layers, in contrast to mature definitive HSCs which localize to the aortic endothelial layer. In agreement with expression of CD41 in pre-HSCs, in vivo CD41-Cre-mediated genetic tagging occurs in embryonic pre-HSCs and persists in all lymphomyeloid lineages of the adult animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Malgorzata Sobiesiak
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jordi Senserrich
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Anna Liakhovitskaia
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrejs Ivanovs
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jon Frampton
- Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK
| | - Suling Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland, UK
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15
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Robin C, Ottersbach K, Boisset JC, Oziemlak A, Dzierzak E. CD41 is developmentally regulated and differentially expressed on mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2011; 117:5088-91. [PMID: 21415271 PMCID: PMC3109535 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-329516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD41 expression is associated with the earliest stages of mouse hematopoiesis. It is notably expressed on some cells of the intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters, an area where the first adult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated. Although it is generally accepted that CD41 expression marks the onset of primitive/definitive hematopoiesis, there are few published data concerning its expression on HSCs. It is as yet uncertain whether HSCs express CD41 throughout development, and if so, to what level. We performed a complete in vivo transplantation analysis with yolk sac, aorta, placenta, and fetal liver cells, sorted based on CD41 expression level. Our data show that the earliest emerging HSCs in the aorta express CD41 in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, placenta and liver HSCs are CD41⁻. Thus, differential and temporal expression of CD41 by HSCs in the distinct hematopoietic territories suggests a developmental/dynamic regulation of this marker throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Robin
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Medvinsky A, Rybtsov S, Taoudi S. Embryonic origin of the adult hematopoietic system: advances and questions. Development 2011; 138:1017-31. [PMID: 21343360 DOI: 10.1242/dev.040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lie at the foundation of the adult hematopoietic system and provide an organism throughout its life with all blood cell types. Several tissues demonstrate hematopoietic activity at early stages of embryonic development, but which tissue is the primary source of these important cells and what are the early embryonic ancestors of definitive HSCs? Here, we review recent advances in the field of HSC research that have shed light on such questions, while setting them into a historical context, and discuss key issues currently circulating in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, UK.
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17
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Abstract
The use of transgenic mice in which tissue or lineage-specific, cell-restricted promoters drive fluorescent reporters has recently been reported as a means to follow the in vivo migration of various hematopoietic cells during murine development. At present there is limited ability of these approaches to image the emergence of the first hematopoietic cell subsets due to lack of unique markers that define those hematopoietic cells. We have utilized whole embryo analysis via immunostaining and confocal laser-scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging to define the emergence of the first hematopoietic elements in the yolk sac of the developing conceptus. The methods employed to examine yolk sac hematopoiesis may be applied to hematopoietic cell emergence in the embryo proper or fetal liver in the generation of a complete map of hematopoietic ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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Parrilla R. Rebuttal to the letter by J. Höckner: ‘Megakaryocyte gene targeting mediated by restricted expression of recombinase Cre’. Thromb Haemost 2011. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-06-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Sasaki T, Mizuochi C, Horio Y, Nakao K, Akashi K, Sugiyama D. Regulation of hematopoietic cell clusters in the placental niche through SCF/Kit signaling in embryonic mouse. Development 2010; 137:3941-52. [PMID: 20980401 DOI: 10.1242/dev.051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from and expand in the mouse placenta at mid-gestation. To determine their compartment of origin and define extrinsic signals governing their commitment to this lineage, we identified hematopoietic cell (HC) clusters in mouse placenta, defined as cells expressing the embryonic HSC markers CD31, CD34 and Kit, by immunohistochemistry. HC clusters were first observed in the placenta at 9.5 days post coitum (dpc). To determine their origin, we tagged the allantoic region with CM-DiI at 8.25 dpc, prior to placenta formation, and cultured embryos in a whole embryo culture (WEC) system. CM-DiI-positive HC clusters were observed 42 hours later. To determine how clusters are extrinsically regulated, we isolated niche cells using laser capture micro-dissection and assayed them for expression of genes encoding hematopoietic cytokines. Among a panel of candidates assayed, only stem cell factor (SCF) was expressed in niche cells. To define niche cells, endothelial and mesenchymal cells were sorted by flow cytometry from dissociated placenta and hematopoietic cytokine gene expression was investigated. The endothelial cell compartment predominantly expressed SCF mRNA and protein. To determine whether SCF/Kit signaling regulates placental HC cluster proliferation, we injected anti-Kit neutralizing antibody into 10.25 dpc embryos and assayed cultured embryos for expression of hematopoietic transcription factors. Runx1, Myb and Gata2 were downregulated in the placental HC cluster fraction relative to controls. These observations demonstrate that placental HC clusters originate from the allantois and are regulated by endothelial niche cells through SCF/Kit signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, SSP Stem Cell Unit, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan. [corrected]
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20
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VE-cadherin expression allows identification of a new class of hematopoietic stem cells within human embryonic liver. Blood 2010; 116:4444-55. [PMID: 20693433 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-272625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Edification of the human hematopoietic system during development is characterized by the production of waves of hematopoietic cells separated in time, formed in distinct embryonic sites (ie, yolk sac, truncal arteries including the aorta, and placenta). The embryonic liver is a major hematopoietic organ wherein hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expand, and the future, adult-type, hematopoietic cell hierarchy becomes established. We report herein the identification of a new, transient, and rare cell population in the human embryonic liver, which coexpresses VE-cadherin, an endothelial marker, CD45, a pan-hematopoietic marker, and CD34, a common endothelial and hematopoietic marker. This population displays an outstanding self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation potential, as detected by in vitro and in vivo hematopoietic assays compared with its VE-cadherin negative counterpart. Based on VE-cadherin expression, our data demonstrate the existence of 2 phenotypically and functionally separable populations of multipotent HSCs in the human embryo, the VE-cadherin(+) one being more primitive than the VE-cadherin(-) one, and shed a new light on the hierarchical organization of the embryonic liver HSC compartment.
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21
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In vivo imaging of haematopoietic cells emerging from the mouse aortic endothelium. Nature 2010; 464:116-20. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Gat LL, Gogat K, Van Den Berghe L, Brizard M, Kobetz A, Marchant D, Abitbol M, Ménasche M. The β3 Integrin Gene is Expressed at High Levels in the Major Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Organs, Vascular System, and Skeleton During Mouse Embryo Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/cac.10.3.129.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Rhodes KE, Gekas C, Wang Y, Lux CT, Francis CS, Chan DN, Conway S, Orkin SH, Yoder MC, Mikkola HKA. The emergence of hematopoietic stem cells is initiated in the placental vasculature in the absence of circulation. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 2:252-63. [PMID: 18371450 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mouse placenta was unveiled as an important reservoir for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), yet the origin of placental HSCs was unknown. By tracking developing HSCs by expression of Runx1-lacZ and CD41, we have found that HSCs emerge in large vessels in the placenta. Analysis of Ncx1(-/-) embryos, which lack a heartbeat, verified that HSC development is initiated in the placental vasculature independent of blood flow. However, fewer CD41+ hematopoietic cells were found in Ncx1(-/-) placentas than in controls, implying that some HSCs/progenitors colonize the placenta via circulation and/or HSC emergence is compromised without blood flow. Importantly, placentas from Ncx1(-/-) embryos possessed equal potential to generate myelo-erythroid and B and T lymphoid cells upon explant culture, verifying intact multilineage hematopoietic potential, characteristic of developing HSCs. These data suggest that, in addition to providing a niche for a large pool of HSCs prior to liver colonization, the placenta is a true site of HSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Rhodes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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24
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Mind bomb-1 is essential for intraembryonic hematopoiesis in the aortic endothelium and the subaortic patches. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:4794-804. [PMID: 18505817 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00436-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraembryonic hematopoiesis occurs at two different sites, the floor of the aorta and subaortic patches (SAPs) of the para-aortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp)/aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Notch1 and RBP-jkappa are critical for the specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Notch signal-receiving cells. However, the mechanism by which Notch signaling is triggered from the Notch signal-sending cells to support embryonic hematopoiesis remains to be determined. We previously reported that Mind bomb-1 (Mib1) regulates Notch ligands in the Notch signal-sending cells (B. K. Koo, M. J. Yoon, K. J. Yoon, S. K. Im, Y. Y. Kim, C. H. Kim, P. G. Suh, Y. N. Jan, and Y. Y. Kong, PLoS ONE 2:e1221, 2007). Here, we show that intraembryonic hematopoietic progenitors were absent in the P-Sp of Mib1(-/-) embryos, whereas they were partly preserved in the Tie2-cre; Mib1(f)(/f) P-Sps, suggesting that Mib1 plays a role in the endothelium and the SAPs. Interestingly, dll1 and dll4/Jag1 are expressed in the SAPs and the endothelium of the AGM, respectively, where mib1 is detected. Indeed, Notch signaling was activated in the nascent HSCs at both sites. In the P-Sp explant culture, the overexpression of Dll1 in OP9 stromal cells rescued the failed production of hematopoietic progenitors in the Mib1(-/-) P-Sp, while its activity was abolished by Mib1 knockdown. These results suggest that Mib1 is important for intraembryonic hematopoiesis not only in the aortic endothelium but also in the SAPs.
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25
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Petit-Cocault L, Volle-Challier C, Fleury M, Péault B, Souyri M. Dual role of Mpl receptor during the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2007; 134:3031-40. [PMID: 17634189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.001818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling pathways are important in promoting hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Mpl receptor and its ligand, TPO, have been shown to play an essential role in the early steps of adult hematopoiesis. We previously demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl promotes hematopoietic commitment of embryonic stem cells in vitro, and postulated that Mpl could be important in the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. To answer this question, we investigated the temporal expression of Mpl during mouse development by in situ hybridization. We found Mpl expression in the HSCs clusters emerging in the AGM region, and in the fetal liver (FL) as early as E10.5. Using Mpl(-/-) mice, the functional relevance of Mpl expression was tested by comparing the hematopoietic progenitor (HP) content, long-term hematopoietic reconstitution (LTR) abilities and HSC content of control and Mpl(-/-) embryos at different times of development. In the AGM, we observed delayed production of HSCs endowed with normal LTR but presenting a self-renewal defect. During FL development, we detected a decrease in HP and HSC potential associated with a defect in amplification and self-renewal/survival of the lin(-) AA4.1(+) Sca1(+) population of HSCs. These results underline the dual role of Mpl in the generation and expansion of HSCs during establishment of definitive hematopoiesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/embryology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/metabolism
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Petit-Cocault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U506, Villejuif, F-94807, France
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26
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Gilner JB, Walton WG, Gush K, Kirby SL. Antibodies to Stem Cell Marker Antigens Reduce Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2007; 25:279-88. [PMID: 17008427 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have enormous potential for use in transplantation and gene therapy. However, the frequency of repopulating HSCs is often very low; thus, highly effective techniques for cell enrichment and maintenance are required to obtain sufficient cell numbers for therapeutic use and for studies of HSC physiology. Common methods of HSC enrichment use antibodies recognizing HSC surface marker antigens. Because antibodies are known to alter the physiology of other cell types, we investigated the effect of such enrichment strategies on the physiology and lineage commitment of HSCs. We sorted HSCs using a method that does not require antibodies: exclusion of Hoechst 33342 to isolate side population (SP) cells. To elucidate the effect of antibody binding on this HSC population, we compared untreated SP cells with SP cells treated with the Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)Lin(-) (SKL) antibody cocktail prior to SP sorting. Our findings revealed that HSCs incubated with the antibody cocktail had decreased expression of the stem cell-associated genes c-Kit, Cd34, Tal-1, and Slamf1 relative to untreated SP cells or to cells treated with polyclonal isotype control antibodies. Moreover, SKL antibodies induced cycling in SP cells and diminished their ability to confer long-term hematopoietic engraftment in lethally irradiated mice. Taken together, these data suggest that antibody-based stem cell isolation procedures can have negative effects on HSC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Gilner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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27
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop during embryogenesis in a complex process that involves multiple anatomical sites. Once HSC precursors have been specified from mesoderm, they have to mature into functional HSCs and undergo self-renewing divisions to generate a pool of HSCs. During this process,developing HSCs migrate through various embryonic niches, which provide signals for their establishment and the conservation of their self-renewal ability. These processes have to be recapitulated to generate HSCs from embryonic stem cells. Elucidating the interactions between developing HSCs and their niches should facilitate the generation and expansion of HSCs in vitro to exploit their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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28
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Corbel C, Salaün J, Belo-Diabangouaya P, Dieterlen-Lièvre F. Hematopoietic potential of the pre-fusion allantois. Dev Biol 2006; 301:478-88. [PMID: 17010964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that the fetal component of the placenta has a vigorous hematopoietic activity. Whether this organ is an environmental niche where hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferate and become committed to various lineages, or whether it is also a site for HSC emergence, was left open. This issue can be addressed only if the components that will give rise to the placenta are tested prior to vascularization. The fetal part of the placenta forms through the fusion of the allantois and the chorionic plate around the stage of 7 somite pairs. The allantois, a mesodermal rudiment that provides fetal blood vessels to the placenta, was retrieved before fusion. We found in this rudiment expression of CD41, a known marker of early embryonic hematopoietic progenitors. c-Kit encoding a progenitor specific receptor was also expressed. Significantly, as early as the 1-2 somite stage, the allantois yielded erythroid, myeloid and multipotent clonogenic progenitors, when pre-cultured in toto prior to seeding in a semisolid medium. These results provide evidence that the allantois has hematopoietic potential per se. Whether this potential also involves the ability to produce HSC is still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Corbel
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Hématologie, 123, Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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29
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Yokota T, Huang J, Tavian M, Nagai Y, Hirose J, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Péault B, Kincade PW. Tracing the first waves of lymphopoiesis in mice. Development 2006; 133:2041-51. [PMID: 16611687 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RAG1/GFP knock-in mice were used to precisely chart the emergence and expansion of cells that give rise to the immune system. Lymphopoietic cells detectable in stromal co-cultures arose as early as E8.5, i.e. prior to establishment of the circulation within the paraaortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp). These cells were Tie2+ RAG1- CD34Lo/-Kit+ CD41-. While yolk sac (YS) also contained lymphopoietic cells after E9.5, CD41+ YS cells from ⩽25-somite embryos produced myelo-erythroid cells but no lymphocytes. Notch receptor signaling directed P-Sp cells to T lymphocytes but did not confer lymphopoietic potential on YS cells. Thus, definitive hematopoiesis arises in at least two independent sites that differ in lymphopoietic potential. Expression of RAG1, the earliest known lymphoid event, first occurred around E10.5 within the embryos. RAG1/GFP+ cells appeared in the liver at E11.0 and progenitors with B and/or T lineage potential were enumerated at subsequent developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yokota
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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30
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Matsubara A, Iwama A, Yamazaki S, Furuta C, Hirasawa R, Morita Y, Osawa M, Motohashi T, Eto K, Ema H, Kitamura T, Vestweber D, Nakauchi H. Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells throughout development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:1483-92. [PMID: 16314436 PMCID: PMC2213340 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To detect as yet unidentified cell-surface molecules specific to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a modified signal sequence trap was successfully applied to mouse bone marrow (BM) CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin− (CD34−KSL) HSCs. One of the identified molecules, Endomucin, is an endothelial sialomucin closely related to CD34. High-level expression of Endomucin was confined to the BM KSL HSCs and progenitor cells, and, importantly, long-term repopulating (LTR)–HSCs were exclusively present in the Endomucin+CD34−KSL population. Notably, in the yolk sac, Endomucin expression separated multipotential hematopoietic cells from committed erythroid progenitors in the cell fraction positive for CD41, an early embryonic hematopoietic marker. Furthermore, developing HSCs in the intraembryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region were highly enriched in the CD45−CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at day 10.5 of gestation (E10.5) and in the CD45+CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at E11.5. Detailed analyses of these fractions uncovered drastic changes in their BM repopulating capacities as well as in vitro cytokine responsiveness within this narrow time frame. Our findings establish Endomucin as a novel cell-surface marker for LTR-HSCs throughout development and provide a powerful tool in understanding HSC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Matsubara
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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31
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Bollerot K, Pouget C, Jaffredo T. The embryonic origins of hematopoietic stem cells: a tale of hemangioblast and hemogenic endothelium. APMIS 2005; 113:790-803. [PMID: 16480450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of hematopoietic stem cells has been for decades the subject of great interest. Once thought to emerge from the yolk sac, hematopoietic stem cells have now been shown to originate from the embryonic aorta. Increasing evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells are produced from an endothelial intermediate designated by the authors as hemangioblast or hemogenic endothelium. Recently, the allantois in the avian embryo and the placenta in the mouse embryo were shown to be a site of hematopoietic cell production/expansion and thus appear to play a critical role in the formation of the hematopoietic system. In this review we shall give an overview of the data obtained from human, mouse and avian models on the cellular origins of the hematopoietic system and discuss some aspects of the molecular mechanisms controlling hematopoietic cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bollerot
- UPMC, CNRS UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
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32
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Jacquelin B, Kortulewski T, Vaigot P, Pawlik A, Gruel G, Alibert O, Soularue P, Joubert C, Gidrol X, Tronik-Le Roux D. Novel pathway for megakaryocyte production after in vivo conditional eradication of integrin αIIb-expressing cells. Blood 2005; 106:1965-74. [PMID: 15947096 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate hematopoiesis in physiologic and pathologic conditions is limited. Using a molecular approach based on cDNA microarrays, we demonstrated the emergence of an alternative pathway for mature bone marrow cell recovery after the programmed and reversible eradication of CD41+ cells in transgenic mice expressing a conditional toxigene targeted by the platelet αIIb promoter. The expression profile of the newly produced CD41+ cells showed high levels of transcripts encoding Ezh2, TdT, Rag2, and various immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains. In this context, we identified and characterized a novel population of Lin-Sca-1hic-Kit- cells, with a lymphoid-like expression pattern, potentially involved in the reconstitution process. Our study revealed novel transcriptional cross talk between myeloid and lymphoid lineages and identified gene expression modifications that occur in vivo under these particular stress conditions, opening important prospects for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Jacquelin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de l'Hématopoïèse, Service de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Evry, France
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33
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Abstract
The yolk sac blood islands have long been recognized as the first site for blood cell emergence during embryonic development. Much of our understanding of how blood islands form is derived from studies conducted in chick embryos. Similar processes are thought to be active during murine blood island development. But, how strong is the evidence that the process of blood island formation in the chick coincides with that documented in the mouse? This review will discuss some of the principle studies that led to two widely accepted definitions of blood islands and will examine more recent studies performed in murine embryos to determine whether either of these popular definitions can be directly applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ferkowicz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind. 46202, USA.
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34
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Mikkola HKA, Gekas C, Orkin SH, Dieterlen-Lievre F. Placenta as a site for hematopoietic stem cell development. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:1048-54. [PMID: 16140153 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a major hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool in mid-gestation mouse placenta has defined the placenta as yet another important anatomical site that participates in HSC development. Placental HSC activity starts in parallel with the AGM region, before HSCs are found in circulation or have colonized the fetal liver. Moreover, placental hematopoietic activity culminates in a rapid expansion of the definitive HSC pool, which occurs during the time when the fetal liver HSC reservoir begins to grow. Furthermore, hematopoietic cells in mid-gestation mouse placenta are not instructed for differentiation along the myeloerythroid lineage, as in the fetal liver. These findings suggest that the placenta provides a supportive niche where the definitive hematopoietic stem cell pool can be temporarily established during development. Future studies are needed to characterize the developmental events that lead to the establishment of placental HSC pool, and to define the microenvironmental signals that support this process. Furthermore, if the stem cell-promoting properties of the placental niche can be harnessed in vitro to support HSC formation, maturation, and/or expansion in culture, these assets may greatly improve hematopoietic stem cell-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA.
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35
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Lee CCI, Fletcher MD, Tarantal AF. Effect of age on the frequency, cell cycle, and lineage maturation of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) CD34+ and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:315-22. [PMID: 16006431 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000169975.30339.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of maturation and aging on hematopoietic progenitor cells, blood and bone marrow from second- and third-trimester fetal, newborn, infant, adult, and aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were analyzed. CD34(+) cells were immunoselected and stained with propidium iodide for cell cycle analysis. Blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were plated in methylcellulose, and erythroid and myeloid progenitors were grown and counted. A higher frequency of circulating CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)DR(-) cells was observed in second-trimester fetuses compared with the other age groups. The frequency of bone marrow CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)DR(-) cells declined in adult and aged animals when compared with the younger age groups. Cell-cycle analysis showed 4.5% second-trimester fetal bone marrow CD34(+) cells entering the G(2)/M phase, compared with 1.7% CD34(+) cells in aged animals. More than 95% of circulating CD34(+) cells remained quiescent for most age groups, except for second-trimester fetuses. Adult marrow myeloid progenitors were found in a lower quantity when compared with third-trimester fetuses, whereas erythroid progenitors were greatest in early-gestation fetuses and adults. The results of these studies suggest that 1) the greatest quantity of CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)DR(-) cells was found in fetal and infant bone marrow, 2) the frequency of cycling CD34(+) cells declines with maturation and aging, and 3) an age-dependent difference in lineage commitment occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang I Lee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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36
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Kyba M. Genesis of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo: new insights into developmental maturation. Int J Hematol 2005; 81:275-80. [PMID: 16010731 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells first arise in the mammalian embryo in a primitive state, not capable of reconstituting hematopoiesis in irradiated adult recipients. As development proceeds, these cells eventually mature to acquire definitive, adult characteristics, including adult reconstitution ability. Mouse embryonic stem cells induced to undergo hematopoiesis in vitro readily generate primitive hematopoietic stem cells but rarely generate the definitive type. Recent work has stimulated a new appreciation of the events involved in the developmental maturation of hematopoietic stem cells. Application of this knowledge to in vitro differentiation systems will be critical to the successful development of hematopoietic therapies from embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kyba
- Center for Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9133, USA.
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Otani T, Inoue T, Tsuji-Takayama K, Ijiri Y, Nakamura S, Motoda R, Orita K. Progenitor analysis of primitive erythropoiesis generated from in vitro culture of embryonic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:632-40. [PMID: 15911087 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A variety of hematopoietic lineage cells have been produced from embryonic stem (ES) cells, but their differentiation processes have not been elucidated well, especially from the point of view of progenitor analysis. In this study, we utilized our coculture system, in which ES-derived Flk-1+ cells differentiated into TER-119+ primitive erythroid (EryP) cells on OP9 cells, and looked for progenitors in primitive erythropoiesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the kinetics of TER-119+ erythroblast generation from Flk-1+ cells by monitoring the expression of TER-119, CD41, VE-cadherin, CD34, and c-kit antigens. Multicolor analysis was performed to detect CD41+TER-119+ cells and the stained cells were sorted to examine their morphology and EryP-producing potential in colony formation. RESULTS Kinetic studies showed that the CD41+ population appeared early in the coculture and its expression pattern implied a role as an immediate progenitor of TER-119+ EryP cells. Multicolor analysis and colony-formation study supported this notion. Other progenitor markers such as VE-cadherin, CD34, and c-kit did not seem to define an immediate progenitor of EryP cells. One interesting observation is the detection of unique populations, CD41dim and CD41bright, detectable after 48 hours of the coculture. Majority of the CD41dim population progressed to the EryP lineage, whereas the CD41bright population seemingly advanced on a pathway distinct from the CD41dim population. CONCLUSIONS CD41 expression was a useful marker to trace hematopoietic progenitors in ES-derived differentiation system. In particular, the CD41dim but not CD41bright population could serve as immediate precursors of EryP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otani
- Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan.
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38
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Bertrand JY, Giroux S, Golub R, Klaine M, Jalil A, Boucontet L, Godin I, Cumano A. Characterization of purified intraembryonic hematopoietic stem cells as a tool to define their site of origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 102:134-9. [PMID: 15623562 PMCID: PMC544043 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402270102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development from mesoderm. To gain more information on the intraembryonic HSC site of origin, we purified multipotent hematopoietic progenitors from the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) of mice. This population, expressing c-Kit, AA4.1, CD31, and CD41, but not Flk1, and mainly negative for CD45, proved capable of long-term reconstitution in sublethally irradiated Rag2gammac(-/-) recipients. We assigned the expression of GATA-2, GATA-3, and lmo2 to AGM-HSC, whereas erythromyeloid progenitors express only GATA-2. This unique combination of surface markers and transcription factors could be allocated in the AGM to the intraaortic clusters and the subaortic patches underlying aortic endothelial cells. Taken together, those data indicate that embryonic HSCs (i) differ from their fetal liver and adult counterpart by the low expression of CD45, (ii) do not colocalize with aortic endothelial cells as previously thought, and (iii) are localized, at 10.5 days postcoitum, in the splanchnic mesoderm underlying aortic endothelial cells, within GATA-3(+)CD31(+) cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Y Bertrand
- Unité du Développement des Lymphocytes, Unité de Recherche Associée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1961, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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39
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Dieterlen-Lièvre F, Le Douarin NM. From the hemangioblast to self-tolerance: a series of innovations gained from studies on the avian embryo. Mech Dev 2004; 121:1117-28. [PMID: 15358008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades of the 20th century, studies on the vertebrate hematopoietic and immune systems have largely been performed, on mammalian models. The mouse has been the preferred material for several cogent reasons: (i) numerous well defined genetic strains are available; (ii) this species has been and still is instrumental in the study of gene activity through transgenesis; and (iii) in vitro culture techniques and in vivo assays for blood cells together with a wide array of antibodies and nucleic acid probes have been developed to investigate the cellular interactions occurring during hematopoiesis and immune reactivity. However, important and fundamental notions have emerged from using another higher vertebrate model, the avian embryo. The distinction among small lymphocytes of two populations, the T and B lymphocytes, endowed with different roles in adaptive immunity and dependant on different environments for their specification, has relied on experiments carried out in birds. The avian model has been critical for the analysis of the origin and traffic of hematopoietic precursor cells. It allowed the demonstration that both hematopoietic and angioblastic lineages arise from a common precursor, a cell whose existence had been proposed but never undoubtedly proven, the hemangioblast. Finally a form of thymus-dependant 'dominant' tolerance was demonstrated on the basis of experiments in the avian embryo, which initiated a large current of studies on 'regulatory T-cells'. Work in this model during the last decades has relied strongly on the construction of chimeras between quail and chick embryos that allowed a refined analysis of cell behaviour during embryogenesis. The novel perception of developmental neuropoiesis and immunopoiesis that followed proved to be largely applicable to lower and higher vertebrates, notably mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Dieterlen-Lièvre
- Laboratoire d'Embryologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 7128, 49 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent sur Marne Cedex, France.
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40
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Ye M, Iwasaki H, Laiosa CV, Stadtfeld M, Xie H, Heck S, Clausen B, Akashi K, Graf T. Hematopoietic Stem Cells Expressing the Myeloid Lysozyme Gene Retain Long-Term, Multilineage Repopulation Potential. Immunity 2003; 19:689-99. [PMID: 14614856 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Single cell PCR studies showed that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) express a variety of lineage-affiliated genes. However, it remains unclear whether these cells exhibiting "lineage priming" represent bona fide stem cells or a subpopulation earmarked for differentiation. Here we have used a Cre-Lox approach to follow the fate of cells expressing a lineage-affiliated marker. We crossed lysozyme Cre mice with yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) reporter mice and found EYFP gene expression not only in myelomonocytic cells but also in a fraction of HSCs as well as B cells and T cells. Transplantation of EYFP+ HSCs into primary and secondary recipients generated mice in which all hematopoietic cells were EYFP+. In contrast, crosses between CD19 Cre and lck Cre mice with reporter mice showed no EYFP expression in HSCs or intermediate progenitors. Our results demonstrate that lysozyme expression does not mark myeloid commitment and that long-term repopulation potential is maintained in primed HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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41
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Ferkowicz MJ, Starr M, Xie X, Li W, Johnson SA, Shelley WC, Morrison PR, Yoder MC. CD41 expression defines the onset of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in the murine embryo. Development 2003; 130:4393-403. [PMID: 12900455 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The platelet glycoprotein IIb (alpha(IIb); CD41) constitutes the alpha subunit of a highly expressed platelet surface integrin protein. We demonstrate that CD41 serves as the earliest marker of primitive erythroid progenitor cells in the embryonic day 7 (E7.0) yolk sac and high-level expression identifies essentially all E8.25 yolk sac definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Some definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in the fetal liver and bone marrow also express CD41. Hematopoietic stem cell competitive repopulating ability is present in CD41(dim) and CD41(lo/-) cells isolated from bone marrow and fetal liver cells, however, activity is enriched in the CD41(lo/-) cells. CD41(bright) yolk sac definitive progenitor cells co-express CD61 and bind fibrinogen, demonstrating receptor function. Thus, CD41 expression marks the onset of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in the murine embryo and persists as a marker of some stem and progenitor cell populations in the fetal liver and adult marrow, suggesting novel roles for this integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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42
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Emambokus NR, Frampton J. The glycoprotein IIb molecule is expressed on early murine hematopoietic progenitors and regulates their numbers in sites of hematopoiesis. Immunity 2003; 19:33-45. [PMID: 12871637 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The alpha integrin GPIIb is a marker of hematopoietic progenitors. Using a marking strategy based on Cre-loxP technology to trace the fate of GPIIb-expressing cells, we show that GPIIb is expressed during early definitive embryonic hematopoiesis. However, the marked fetal population is distinct from the hematopoietic cells that predominate in the adult, suggesting that at least two waves of progenitors arise concurrently or consecutively in the fetus. Furthermore, using an inactivated allele of gpIIb, we provide evidence for a functional role of GPIIb on progenitors. We observe an increase in hematopoietic progenitors in the yolk sac, fetal liver, and bone marrow, an effect which may, in part, be explained by loss of binding to fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikla R Emambokus
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Mikkola HKA, Fujiwara Y, Schlaeger TM, Traver D, Orkin SH. Expression of CD41 marks the initiation of definitive hematopoiesis in the mouse embryo. Blood 2003; 101:508-16. [PMID: 12393529 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) originate from mesoderm in a process that requires the transcription factor SCL/Tal1. To define steps in the commitment to blood cell fate, we compared wild-type and SCL(-/-) embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and identified CD41 (GpIIb) as the earliest surface marker missing from SCL(-/-) embryoid bodies (EBs). Culture of fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) purified cells from EBs showed that definitive hematopoietic progenitors were highly enriched in the CD41(+) fraction, whereas endothelial cells developed from CD41(-) cells. In the mouse embryo, expression of CD41 was detected in yolk sac blood islands and in fetal liver. In yolk sac and EBs, the panhematopoietic marker CD45 appeared in a subpopulation of CD41(+) cells. However, multilineage hematopoietic colonies developed not only from CD45(+)CD41(+) cells but also from CD45(-)CD41(+) cells, suggesting that CD41 rather than CD45 marks the definitive culture colony-forming unit (CFU-C) at the embryonic stage. In contrast, fetal liver CFU-C was CD45(+), and only a subfraction expressed CD41, demonstrating down-regulation of CD41 by the fetal liver stage. In yolk sac and EBs, CD41 was coexpressed with embryonic HSC markers c-kit and CD34. Sorting for CD41 and c-kit expression resulted in enrichment of definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, the CD41(+) c-kit(+) population was missing from runx1/AML1(-/-) EBs that lack definitive hematopoiesis. These results suggest that the expression of CD41, a candidate target gene of SCL/Tal1, and c-kit define the divergence of definitive hematopoiesis from endothelial cells during development. Although CD41 is commonly referred to as megakaryocyte-platelet integrin in adult hematopoiesis, these results implicate a wider role for CD41 during murine ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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