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Wu J, Li X, Hou R, Zhao K, Wang Y, Huang S, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Examination of acephate absorption, transport, and accumulation in maize after root irrigation for Spodoptera frugiperda control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57361-57371. [PMID: 34091843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the invasion of the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda) in China in January 2019, damage to maize crops has gradually intensified, and chemical control has become the main control measure. This study aimed to examine methods of effective pest control while monitoring the environmental impact of pesticide use. The effectiveness of S. frugiperda pest control by foliar spraying and root irrigation of maize plants with acephate was determined, and the absorption, distribution, and dissipation of acephate and methamidophos by maize were studied. Field trials showed that acephate treatment at 6000 g a.i. ha-1 was the most effective for controlling S. frugiperda. Acephate and methamidophos were absorbed from the roots, transported upward, and concentrated in the leaves, particularly new leaves. The terminal residues of acephate and methamidophos in maize grains were below detectable levels at 60 days after treatment. The results demonstrate that acephate treatment via root irrigation can more effectively control the infestation of S. frugiperda in maize than acephate treatment via foliar spraying. The translocation and distribution of acephate and methamidophos by root irrigation were more uniform, and the holding efficiency was higher than those in foliar spraying, suggesting an extended period of control efficacy. This pest control method could be utilized to reduce pesticide residues while safely and efficiently controlling S. frugiperda infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyingzi Wu
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianjia Li
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiquan Hou
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kunyu Zhao
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suqing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Chaubey B, Singh P, Pal S. Solution-state NMR evaluation of molecular interaction between monoaromatic carboxylic acids and dissolved humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17775-17788. [PMID: 33400107 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of interactions between the aromatic organic pollutants with dissolved humic acid (HA) is fundamental for the prediction of their environmental fate and subsequent development of efficient remediation methods. The present study employs solution-state 1H/19F NMR methods to investigate the non-covalent interaction between aqueous peat humic acid (Aldrich HA) and monoaromatic carboxylic acids (CA), viz., 2, 6 diflourobenzoic acid (DFBA) and its non-fluorinated analog, benzoic acid (BA). NMR self-diffusion measurement of HA protons confirmed micellar nature indicating possibility of encapsulation of small molecules through host-guest interaction. 19F-1H and 1H-1H saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments reveal the mode of insertion of CA into HA superstructure. The strength of interaction has been evaluated by analyzing T1/T2 relaxation times and self-diffusion coefficients of CA as a function of HA concentration. Association constants extracted for CA-HA complexes from NMR diffusion experiments reflected that the association between DFBA-HA (2.34 mM-1) is significantly higher than that of BA-HA (0.97 mM-1). The experimental outcome reiterated that substitution of -H with halogen atoms (-F in specific) to aromatic ring plays a dominant role in modulating the strength of association and mode of insertion of organic pollutants into HA superstructure. The present study emphasizes that AHA can be a potential remediating agent for organic contaminants due to its superior binding affinity compared to less humified extracted HA (EHA) from Karwar, Rajasthan, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chaubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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Chaubey B, Narwal P, Khandelwal A, Pal S. Aqueous photo-degradation of Flupyradifurone (FPD) in presence of a natural Humic Acid (HA): A quantitative solution state NMR analysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Cui R, Nam SH, An YJ. Salvinia natans: A potential test species for ecotoxicity testing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115650. [PMID: 33254667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although macrophytes are known to play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems, most quantitative aquatic toxicity data focus on fishes, water fleas, or algae, with limited ecotoxicity data published on macrophytes. Salvinia natans is a fast-growing plant commonly found in freshwater habitats. In this study, we verified a suitable disinfectant for preventing foreign contamination and formulated a culture medium for ensuring high productivity of S. natans. Finally, we established methodology for S. natans to be used in ecotoxicity testing of heavy metals and pesticides. As global regulations are being developed to harmonize guidelines and laboratory test species, S. natans is emerging as a potential candidate. The toxicity data publicly available for S. natans are very limited; hence, this study reports an advantageous culturing technique to optimize healthy growth of this species in the laboratory and presents optimal toxicity results, achieved by modifying the currently available test guidelines for Lemna. Our findings expand the currently limited range of test species for aquatic toxicity assays. We conclude that S. natans could serve as a valuable test species for aquatic toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Nam
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Biodegradation of acephate by Bacillus paramycoides NDZ and its degradation pathway. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:155. [PMID: 32951077 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acephate is widely used in agriculture, but its poisonous metabolites and poor sorption characteristics make it a serious environmental pollutant and toxicant to human health. To screen novel bacteria for biodegradation of acephate and uncover its degradation pathway, a strain called NDZ that is capable of utilizing acephate as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated from severely contaminated cultivated land. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus paramycoides based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The growth and degradation capacities of B. paramycoides NDZ under different conditions were studied using optical density at 600 nm (OD600) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that B. paramycoides NDZ can grow well with acephate as its sole carbon source (OD600 = 0.76), and degraded about 76% of acephate in mineral salt medium with an initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 48 h. The results of response surface methodology revealed the optimal conditions for degradation was 36 ℃ and pH 6.85 with 526 mg/L acephate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that methamidophos was the main metabolite of B. paramycoides NDZ, different from the degradation products of high-temperature steam (121 °C, 103 kPa). Based on the detection of this intermediate, we inferred that acephate was degraded to methamidophos through hydrolysis of the amide linkage, after which methamidophos was degraded to some small molecules, which can be metabolized easily by the bacterium. In summary, B. paramycoides NDZ is a potentially useful bacterium for acephate degradation and remediation of contaminated soils.
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Portilla M. A Laboratory Diet-Overlay Bioassay to Monitor Resistance in Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) to Insecticides Commonly Used in the Mississippi Delta. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 32658274 PMCID: PMC7357266 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory, diet-overlay pesticide bioassay was developed using a susceptible population of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), to study its susceptibility to neonicotinoid, sulfoxamine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides (thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, acephate, and permethrin, respectively). The diet-overlay bioassay was compared to the traditional glass-vial surface residue bioassay. We measured LC50 values by feeding tarnished plant bug adults known doses of insecticides dispensed on top of diet in a 10% solution of honey water for thiamethoxam and 10% acetone in water solutions for permethrin, acephate, and sulfoxaflor. Both the diet-overlay and glass-vial bioassays used dose-response (mortality) regression lines to calculate LC50 values for each insecticide at 6-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-exposure. Data variability from the glass-vial bioassay was higher for permethrin, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam than the diet-overlay bioassay, for all evaluation times. In contrast, there was lower variability among replicates to acephate in the glass-vial assay compared to the diet-overlay assay. Control mortalities observed on diet-overlay bioassay were lower (0-5%) than those observed on the glass-vial bioassay (4-27%). The use of green beans, floral-foam, rolling glass vials, and insect handling made the existing standard method tedious to manipulate and difficult to handle large numbers of individuals. The nonautoclaved solid diet provides an opportunity to significantly reduce cost and variability associated with procedures of other bioassay methods. In general, the baseline data provide a basis for future comparison to determine changes in resistance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Portilla
- USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS
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7
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Daam MA, Chelinho S, Niemeyer JC, Owojori OJ, De Silva PMCS, Sousa JP, van Gestel CAM, Römbke J. Environmental risk assessment of pesticides in tropical terrestrial ecosystems: Test procedures, current status and future perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:534-547. [PMID: 31234068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of pesticides in tropical countries, research and legislative efforts have focused on their temperate counterparts. This paper presents a review of the literature on environmental risk assessment of pesticides for tropical terrestrial agroecosystems. It aims at evaluating potential differences in pesticide risk between temperate and tropical regions as well as to highlight research needs in the latter. Peculiarities of pesticide risks in tropical terrestrial agroecosystems are discussed in subsections 1) agricultural practices; 2) research efforts; 3) fate and exposure; 4) toxicity testing methods; and 5) sensitivity. The intensive and often inadequate pesticide application practices in tropical areas are likely to result in a relatively greater pesticide exposure in edge-of-field water bodies. Since pesticide fate may be different under tropical conditions, tropical scenarios for models estimating predicted environmental pesticide concentrations should be developed. Sensitivity comparisons do not indicate a consistent similar, greater or lower relative sensitivity of tropical soil organisms as compared to temperate organisms. However, several methods and procedures for application in the tropics need to be developed, which include: 1) identifying and collecting natural soils to be used as reference test substrates in tests; 2) identifying and discerning the range of sensitivity of native test species to soil contaminants; 3) developing test guidelines applicable to tropical/subtropical conditions; and 4) developing methods and procedures for higher tier testing for full development and implementation of environmental risk assessment schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Chelinho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P-3000 456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Júlia C Niemeyer
- Centre of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - P Mangala C S De Silva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka
| | - Jóse Paulo Sousa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P-3000 456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
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8
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Ahmad W, Li H, Hassan MM, Wang J, Zareef M, Liu S, Wang P, Viswadevarayalu A, Chen Q. A fast room temperature single step nano-gold synthesis in organic phase for rapid detection of methamidophos in water. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Pirsaheb M, Hossini H, Asadi F, Janjani H. A systematic review on organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides content in water resources. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1269810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Janjani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Ramos-Jiliberto R, Heine-Fuster I, Reyes CA, González-Barrientos J. Ontogenetic shift in Daphnia-algae interaction strength altered by stressors: revisiting Jensen’s inequality. Ecol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-016-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Kumar V, Upadhyay N, Kumar V, Sharma S. A review on sample preparation and chromatographic determination of acephate and methamidophos in different samples. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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12
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Salama M, Lotfy A, Fathy K, Makar M, El-emam M, El-gamal A, El-gamal M, Badawy A, Mohamed WM, Sobh M. Developmental neurotoxic effects of Malathion on 3D neurosphere system. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 7:13-8. [PMID: 27054080 PMCID: PMC4803784 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) refers to the toxic effects induced by various chemicals on brain during the early childhood period. As human brains are vulnerable during this period, various chemicals would have significant effects on brains during early childhood. Some toxicants have been confirmed to induce developmental toxic effects on CNS; however, most of agents cannot be identified with certainty. This is because available animal models do not cover the whole spectrum of CNS developmental periods. A novel alternative method that can overcome most of the limitations of the conventional techniques is the use of 3D neurosphere system. This in-vitro system can recapitulate many of the changes during the period of brain development making it an ideal model for predicting developmental neurotoxic effects. In the present study we verified the possible DNT of Malathion, which is one of organophosphate pesticides with suggested possible neurotoxic effects on nursing children. Three doses of Malathion (0.25 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM) were used in cultured neurospheres for a period of 14 days. Malathion was found to affect proliferation, differentiation and viability of neurospheres, these effects were positively correlated to doses and time progress. This study confirms the DNT effects of Malathion on 3D neurosphere model. Further epidemiological studies will be needed to link these results to human exposure and effects data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salama
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
- Toxicology Dept., Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Fathy
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Maria Makar
- Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Mona El-emam
- Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Aya El-gamal
- Toxicology Dept., Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-gamal
- Toxicology Dept., Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Badawy
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept., Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
| | - Wael M.Y. Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Dept., Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohamed Sobh
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Mansura Medical School, Mansura University, Egypt
- UNC, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Liu X, Wang L, Zhou X, Liu K, Bai L, Zhou X. Photocatalytic degradation of acephate in pak choi, Brassica chinensis, with Ce-doped TiO2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:331-337. [PMID: 25826101 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of acephate was investigated using Ce-doped TiO2 (TiO2/Ce) hydrosol. In contrast to previous research conducted under artificial light in the laboratory, this study investigated the decomposition of acephate in a field trial. The results show that acephate can be efficiently degraded by the TiO2/Ce system under natural field conditions; the degradation efficiency was affected by the dosage of the photocatalyst and acephate. The optimum dosage of TiO2/Ce was 2400 g a.i.ha(-1), and the photodegradation efficiency of acephate reached 93.5% after 20 h at an acephate dosage of 675 g a.i.ha(-1). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) analysis detected and identified four degradation products-methamidophos, phosphorothioic acid O,O,S-trimethyl ester, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate and phosphorous acid-that were formed during the TiO2/Ce photodegradation of acephate. Based on the structural identification of the degradation products, a probable photodegradation pathway was proposed, and the first decomposition step may be the cleavage of the C‒N bond of acephate. Subsequently, the P‒S and P‒O bonds may be oxidized gradually or simultaneously to complete the mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- a College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
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Ramu S, Seetharaman B. Biodegradation of acephate and methamidophos by a soil bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Is-6. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:23-34. [PMID: 24138465 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.836868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a new acephate-degrading bacteria from agricultural soil and to investigate its biodegradation ability and pathway of degradation. A bacterial strain Is-6, isolated from agriculture soil could completely degrade and utilize acephate as the sole carbon, phosphorus and energy sources for growth in M9 medium. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analysis suggested that the strain Is-6 was belonging to the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strain Is-6 could completely degrade acephate (50 mg L(-1)) and its metabolites within 96 h were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses. When exposed to the higher concentration, the strain Is-6 showed 92% degradation of acephate (1000 mg L(-1)) within 7 days of incubation. It could also utilize dimethoate, parathion, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos and malathion. The inoculation of strain Is-6 (10(7) cells g(-1)) to acephate (50 mg Kg(-1))-treated soil resulted in higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide waste in the environment.
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MESH Headings
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Insecticides/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organothiophosphorus Compounds/metabolism
- Phosphoramides/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
- Soil Pollutants/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Ramu
- a Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering , SRM University, Kattankulathur , Chennai , Tamilnadu , India
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15
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Shen ZL, Zhu XL, Yang J, Cai JB, Su QD. Study on the Binding Characteristic of Methamidophos-Specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and the Interactions between Template and Monomers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Li Z, Zhang H, Xu J, Qi P, Xu H, Wang Q, Wang X. Environmental behavior of the chiral organophosphorus insecticide acephate and its chiral metabolite methamidophos: enantioselective transformation and degradation in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9233-9240. [PMID: 23883440 DOI: 10.1021/es401842f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide globally, although there are some concerns about its usage with regard to acute consumer exposure and side-effects on nontarget organisms. These concerns are always attributed to the acephate metabolite methamidophos. In the many reports about the environmental behavior of acephate and its metabolite, none pay any attention to the chirality of them. In this study, the enantiomeric transformation and degradation of acephate was investigated in three soils under laboratory conditions using enantioselective GC-MS/MS. Racemic and enantiopure compounds were incubated in separate experiments. The degradation of racemates was shown to be enantioselective in unsterilized soils but not in the sterilized soils, thus confirming the enantioselectivity was microbially based. The priority of enantiomer degradation and transformation varied among soils and racemates. R-(+)-methamidophos was enriched in the Zhengzhou soil, but degraded faster in the Changchun and Nanchang soils than its antipode. For acephate, the Nanchang soil enriched R-(+)-acephate, and S-(-)-acephate accumulated in the other two soils. Acephate and methamidophos were both configurationally stable in soil, showing no interconversion of R-(+)- to S-(-)-enantiomers, or vice versa. The conversion of acephate to methamidophos proceeded with retention of configuration. Generally, the degradation followed approximate first-order kinetics, but showed significant lag phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard on Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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Katagi T. Soil column leaching of pesticides. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 221:1-105. [PMID: 23090630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4448-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, I address the practical and theoretical aspects of pesticide soil mobility.I also address the methods used to measure mobility, and the factors that influence it, and I summarize the data that have been published on the column leaching of pesticides.Pesticides that enter the unsaturated soil profile are transported downwards by the water flux, and are adsorbed, desorbed, and/or degraded as they pass through the soil. The rate of passage of a pesticide through the soil depends on the properties of the pesticide, the properties of the soil and the prevailing environmental conditions.Because large amounts of many different pesticides are used around the world, they and their degradates may sometimes contaminate groundwater at unacceptable levels.It is for this reason that assessing the transport behavior and soil mobility of pesticides before they are sold into commerce is important and is one indispensable element that regulators use to assess probable pesticide safety. Both elementary soil column leaching and sophisticated outdoor lysimeter studies are performed to measure the leaching potential for pesticides; the latter approach more reliably reflects probable field behavior, but the former is useful to initially profile a pesticide for soil mobility potential.Soil is physically heterogeneous. The structure of soil varies both vertically and laterally, and this variability affects the complex flow of water through the soil profile, making it difficult to predict with accuracy. In addition, macropores exist in soils and further add to the complexity of how water flow occurs. The degree to which soil is tilled, the density of vegetation on the surface, and the type and amounts of organic soil amendments that are added to soil further affect the movement rate of water through soil, the character of soil adsorption sites and the microbial populations that exist in the soil. Parameters that most influence the rate of pesticide mobility in soil are persistence (DT50) of the pesticide, and its sorption/desorption(Koc) characteristics. These parameters may vary for the same pesticide from geographic site-to-site and with soil depth. The interactions that normally occur between pesticides and dissolved organic matter (DOM) or WDC are yet other factors that may complicate pesticide leaching behavior.The soil mobility of pesticides is normally tested both in the laboratory and in the field. Lab studies are initially performed to give researchers a preliminary appraisal of the relative mobility of a pesticide. Later, field lysimeter studies can be performed to provide more natural leaching conditions that emulate the actual field use pattern. Lysimeter studies give the most reliable information on the leaching behavior of a pesticide under field conditions, but these studies are time-consuming and expensive and cannot be performed everywhere. It is for this reason that the laboratory soil column leaching approach is commonly utilized to profile the mobility of a pesticide,and appraise how it behaves in different soils, and relative to other pesticides.Because the soil structure is chemically and physically heterogenous, different pesticide tests may produce variable DT50 and Koc values; therefore, initial pesticide mobility testing is undertaken in homogeneously packed columns that contain two or more soils and are eluted at constant flow rates. Such studies are done in duplicate and utilize a conservative tracer element. By fitting an appropriate mathematical model to the breakthrough curve of the conservative tracer selected,researchers determine key mobility parameters, such as pore water velocity, the column-specific dispersion coefficient, and the contribution of non equilibrium transport processes. Such parameters form the basis for estimating the probable transport and degradation rates that will be characteristic of the tested pesticide. Researchers also examine how a pesticide interacts with soil DOM and WDC, and what contribution from facilitated transport to mobility is made as a result of the effects of pH and ionic strength. Other methods are used to test how pesticides may interact with soil components to change mobility. Spectroscopic approaches are used to analyze the nature of soil pesticide complexes. These may provide insight into the mechanism by which interactions occur. Other studies may be performed to determine the effect of agricultural practices (e.g., tillage) on pesticide leaching under controlled conditions using intact soil cores from the field. When preferential flow is suspected to occur, dye staining is used to examine the contribution of macropores to pesticide transport. These methods and others are addressed in the text of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Katagi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan.
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N’Go PK, Azzaoui FZ, Ahami AOT, Soro PR, Najimi M, Chigr F. Developmental effects of Malathion exposure on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in Wistar rat. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.53a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pinjari AB, Novikov B, Rezenom YH, Russell DH, Wales ME, Siddavattam D. Mineralization of acephate, a recalcitrant organophosphate insecticide is initiated by a pseudomonad in environmental samples. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31963. [PMID: 22496729 PMCID: PMC3319554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An aerobic bacterium capable of breaking down the pesticide acephate (O,S-dimethyl acetyl phosphoramidothioic acid) was isolated from activated sludge collected from a pesticide manufacturing facility. A phylogenetic tree based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequence determined that the isolate lies within the Pseudomonads. The isolate was able to grow in the presence of acephate at concentrations up to 80 mM, with maximum growth at 40 mM. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis of spent medium from growth experiments and a resting cell assay detected the accumulation of methamidophos and acetate, suggesting initial hydrolysis of the amide linkage found between these two moieties. As expected, the rapid decline in acephate was coincident with the accumulation of methamidophos. Methamidophos concentrations were maintained over a period of days, without evidence of further metabolism or cell growth by the cultures. Considering this limitation, strains such as described in this work can promote the first step of acephate mineralization in soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Basha Pinjari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yohannes H. Rezenom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David H. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melinda E. Wales
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dayananda Siddavattam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Choudhury SR, Pradhan S, Goswami A. Preparation and characterisation of acephate nano-encapsulated complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2010.533443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Acker CI, Souza ACG, Pinton S, da Rocha JT, Friggi CA, Zanella R, Nogueira CW. Repeated malathion exposure induces behavioral impairment and AChE activity inhibition in brains of rat pups. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2310-2315. [PMID: 21855146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated if repeated malathion administration would cause behavioral impairment in rat pups. Na+K+ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were investigated in brains of rat pups. Malathion was administered (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally (p.o.), once a day for four consecutive days. Rat pups were submitted to behavioral tests on the 5th day, 24 h after the last malathion administration. Malathion at the dose of 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the negative geotaxis latency and a decrease in the rotarod latency of rat pups. Rat pups exposed to malathion at both doses showed a significant decrease in the forelimb support latency and an inhibition of brain AChE activity. Repeated exposure of rat pups to malathion caused a decrease in motor coordination, vestibular function and muscular strength/coordination. The brain activity of AChE is involved in the behavioral alterations caused by malathion in rat pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Inês Acker
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Silva AP, Carvalho AE, Maia G. Use of electrochemical techniques to characterize methamidophos and humic acid specifically adsorbed onto Pt and PtO films. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:645-650. [PMID: 21145168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to study methamidophos (MAP) and humic acid (HM) specifically adsorbed onto Pt and PtO films in pH-7.0 universal buffer. The approach was found to be sufficiently selective for use in studies involving adsorption of species in environmental systems (e.g., soil minerals), typically evaluated by batch experiments and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). The proposed method allowed quantification of active hydrogen adsorption sites blocked by HM, both when this compound is adsorbed alone or co-adsorbed with MAP. At higher amounts of MAP in the adsorption solution, the compound was co-adsorbed more effectively than HM (kept at constant concentration). In the case of sequential specific adsorption, the first compound adsorbed typically predominates over the second. EIS was more effective for determining the number of blocked active sites on Pt than CV, which was superior for PtO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia P Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Chai LK, Wong MH, Mohd-Tahir N, Hansen HCB. Degradation and mineralization kinetics of acephate in humid tropic soils of Malaysia. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:434-440. [PMID: 20189217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is poorly sorbed to soil, thus the risk of leaching to the aquatic environment is high if it is not quickly degraded. The effect of soil moisture, temperature, microbial activity and application rate on acephate degradation has been studied in three Malaysian soils to examine and identify critical variables determining its degradation and mineralization kinetics. First-order kinetics could be used to describe degradation in all cases (r(2)>0.91). Acephate degraded faster in air-dry (t((1/2)) 9-11 d) and field capacity (t((1/2)) 10-16d) soils than in the wet soils (t((1/2)) 32-77 d). The activation energy of degradation was in the range 17-28 kJ mol(-1) and significantly higher for the soil with higher pH and lower clay and iron oxide contents. Soil sterilization caused a 3- to 10-fold decrease in degradation rates compared to non-sterile soils (t((1/2)) 53-116 d) demonstrating that acephate degradation is mainly governed by microbial processes. At 5-fold increase in application rates (25 microg g(-1)), half-life increased slightly (t((1/2)) 13-19 d) or was unaffected. Half-life from acephate mineralization was similar to those from degradation but much longer at the 5-fold increase in acephate application rates (t((1/2)) 41-96 d) demonstrating that degradation of metabolites is rate limiting. Thus, application of acephate should be restricted or avoided during wet seasons with heavy rainfall and flooded soil as in paddy cultivation. Sandy soils with low microbial activity are more prone to acephate leaching than clay soils rich in humic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Kuet Chai
- Agriculture Research Centre, Semongok, Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, Borneo Height Road, 93250 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Chai LK, Mohd-Tahir N, Hansen S, Hansen HCB. Dissipation and leaching of acephate, chlorpyrifos, and their main metabolites in field soils of Malaysia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:1160-1169. [PMID: 19398513 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Preventive treatment with insecticides at high dosing rates before planting of a new crop- soil drenching- is a common practice in some tropical intensive cropping systems, which may increase the risk of leaching, soil functioning, and pesticide uptake in the next crop. The degradation rates and migration of acephate and chlorpyrifos and their primary metabolites, methamidophos and 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP), have been studied in clayey red yellow podzolic (Typic Paleudults), alluvial (Typic Udorthents), and red yellow podzolic soils (Typic Kandiudults) of Malaysia under field conditions. The initial concentrations of acephate and chlorpyrifos in topsoils were found to strongly depend on solar radiation. Both pesticides and their metabolites were detected in subsoils at the deepest sampling depth monitored (50 cm) and with maximum concentrations up to 2.3 mg kg(-1) at soil depths of 10 to 20 cm. Extraordinary high dissipation rates for weakly sorbed acephate was in part attributed to preferential flow which was activated due to the high moisture content of the soils, high precipitation and the presence of conducting macropores running from below the A horizons to at least 1 m, as seen from a dye tracer experiment. Transport of chlorpyrifos and TCP which both sorb strongly to soil organic matter was attributed to macropore transport with soil particles. The half-lives for acephate in topsoils were 0.4 to 2.6 d while substantially longer half-lives of between 12.6 and 19.8 d were observed for chlorpyrifos. The transport through preferential flow of strongly sorbed pesticides is of concern in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Chai
- Agriculture Research Centre, Semongok, Dep. of Agriculture Sarawak, Borneo Height Rd., 93720 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Atasoy AD, Mermut AR, Kumbur H, Ince F, Arslan H, Avci ED. Sorption of alpha and beta hydrophobic endosulfan in a Vertisol from southeast region of Turkey. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:1450-1456. [PMID: 19157492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan has been applied to control numerous insects in a variety of food and non-food crops. Limited information is available on dynamics of this pesticide in the soil. The objective of this research was to determine the adsorption-desorption behavior of the alpha (alpha) and beta (beta) endosulfan in a Vertisol from the southeast region of Turkey, where cotton is the main crop in the large irrigated lowlands. The alpha and beta endosulfan were adsorbed considerably and Freundlich adsorption-desorption isotherms fitted the alpha and beta endosulfan data (R(2)>0.98). Freundlich adsorption coefficients (K(f)) for the alpha endosulfan ranged between 21.63 and 16.33 while for the beta endosulfan they were between 14.01 and 17.98 for the Ap and Bw2 horizons. The difference of K(f) values of alpha and beta endosulfan for two horizons were explained with the slight difference in the amount of organic matter and clay, but considerable difference in Fe contents of the two horizons. Alpha and beta endosulfan K(fd) values were 118.03 and 45.81 for the Ap and 48.08 and 68.71 for the Bw2 horizons. Higher adsorption and desorption behavior of the endosulfan isomers for the same horizon was attributed to poor physical bonding between the endosulfan molecule and the surfaces of fundamental soil particles. This fact is thought to increase the effective use of endosulfan in agriculture with a possibility of its movement to the surface and groundwater in the Vertisol studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Dilek Atasoy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63100 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Battu RS, Sahoo SK, Jyot G. Persistence of acephate and cypermethrin on cotton leaves, cottonseed, lint and soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:124-128. [PMID: 18777148 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Following foliar applications of combination formulation (cypermethrin 5% + acephate 45% DF) at 850 and 1,700 g ha(-1), resulting in active application of acephate at 382.5 and 765 g a.i. ha(-1) whereas active application of cypermethrin at 42.5 and 85 g a.i. ha(-1), the average initial deposits of acephate on cotton leaves were found to be 13.45 and 27.73 mg kg(-1), at single and double the doses of application, respectively. Residues of acephate declined below detectable level of 0.02 mg kg(-1) after 15 days of applications at application rates with t ((1/2)) values of 1.56 and 0.68 days, respectively. Similarly, the average initial deposits of cypermethrin were found to be 22.31 and 32.45 mg kg(-1), respectively. Cypermethrin residues reached below its detectable level of 0.02 mg kg(-1) after 21 days of its application at both the dosages of application. The half-life values for cypermethrin were observed to be 0.71 and 0.69 days, corresponding to single and double the dose of application, respectively. Interestingly, none of the samples of cottonseed, lint and soil showed presence of acephate or cypermethrin at the detection limit of 0.02 mg kg(-1) at first pick of the harvest time of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Battu
- Department of Entomology, Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.
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Adachi N, Kinoshita H, Nishiguchi M, Takahashi M, Ouchi H, Minami T, Matsui K, Yamamura T, Motomura H, Ohtsu N, Yoshida S, Hishida S. Simultaneous analysis of acephate and methamidophos in human serum by improved extraction and GC-MS. Forensic Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-008-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang YS, Liu JC, Chen WC, Yen JH. Characterization of acetanilide herbicides degrading bacteria isolated from tea garden soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 55:435-43. [PMID: 17661128 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three different green manures were added to the tea garden soils separately and incubated for 40 days. After, incubation, acetanilide herbicides alachlor and metolachlor were spiked into the soils, separately, followed by the isolation of bacteria in each soil at designed intervals. Several bacterial strains were isolated from the soils and identified as Bacillus silvestris, B. niacini, B. pseudomycoides, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. simplex, B. megaterium, and two other Bacillus sp. (Met1 and Met2). Three unique strains with different morphologies were chosen for further investigation. They were B. megaterium, B. niacini, and B. silvestris. The isolated herbicide-degrading bacteria showed optimal performance among three incubation temperatures of 30 degrees C and the best activity in the 10 to 50 microg/ml concentration of the herbicide. Each bacterial strain was able to degrade more than one kind of test herbicides. After incubation for 119 days, B. cereus showed the highest activity to degrade alachlor and propachlor, and B. thuringiensis to degrade metolachlor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Shung Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Koleli N, Demir A, Arslan H, Kantar C. Sorption behavior of methamidophos in a heterogeneous alluvial soil profile. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaw CG, Lin KH, Yen JH, Wang YS. Correlations between experimental and predicted equilibrium distribution coefficient of chlorobenzene and chlorophenol compounds in soil-water systems using partial solubility parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:97-105. [PMID: 17162572 DOI: 10.1080/03601230601021025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many pesticides are degraded to become chlorinated aromatic compounds in soils. Equilibrium distribution of chlorobenzene and chlorophenol compounds in soil-water systems of Yangmingshan loam, Pingcheng silty clay loam and Annei silty loam was studied with the integral distribution equilibrium equation involving the partial solubility parameters of the chemicals. If the adsorption of chemicals on soils is partitioning in soil organic matter surrounding the soil mineral particles, the absorption constant (Kd) of a chemical in soil-water system could be stated as the distribution coefficient (or partition constant, Koc) of the chemical in the two adjunct immiscible phases--water and soil organic matter. The distribution coefficient (Koc) of chemicals calculated from the integral distribution equilibrium equation agrees well with the experimental adsorption coefficient (Kd, or experimental Koc) of chemicals determined in this study, for all the three different types of soils in water according to multiple-regression analysis. Reference data of Karger or Tijssen are employed to estimate the Koc for both polar and non-polar chemicals. The integral distribution equilibrium equation can exactly describe the distribution behavior of nonionic compound of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols in soil-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Guang Jaw
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiu TC, Yen JH, Hsieh YN, Wang YS. Reductive transformation of dieldrin under anaerobic sediment culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 60:1182-9. [PMID: 16018887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pathway of dieldrin transformation to aldrin by epoxide reduction was found in this study. Investigation of dieldrin degradation under anaerobic conditions was performed with a mixed culture containing indigenous microorganisms obtained from sediment of the Er-Jen River in Taiwan. During the incubation, the transformation of dieldrin to aldrin was analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-MS. Effects of incubation factors including dieldrin concentrations, incubation temperatures and kinds of carbon sources on the degradation of dieldrin were also studied. Original concentrations (from 0.5 to 10 microg ml(-1)) of dieldrin affect the transformation rate of dieldrin, and lower concentrations indicated the higher degradation rates. But once the concentration higher than 100 microg ml(-1), almost no degradation occurred. The optimal temperature for degradation in mixed culture was found at 40 degrees C in this study. Dieldrin transformation rates varied with the type of major carbon sources in the mixed culture and were in order of yeast extract > sodium acetate > glucose. In addition, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint revealed that four microbials evolved in dieldrin-amended cultures, but not in the dieldrin-free cultures. Partial sequence of 16S rDNA for these four organisms exhibited 94-99% similarity to those of genera Clostridium, Acidaminobacter and an uncultured bacterial group. These results suggest that the four microbials might promote the dieldrin transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chuan Chiu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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Yu Y, Zhou QX. Adsorption characteristics of pesticides methamidophos and glyphosate by two soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 58:811-6. [PMID: 15621194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of organic matter and minerals in soil were evaluated by comparing changes in adsorption of methamidophos (MDP) and glyphosate (GPS) before and after removal of organic matter from argaltoll (mollisol) and typustalf (alfisol) soils. Adsorption isotherms of MDP and GPS by the two soils comforted to Freundlich equation, and the adsorption capacity of GPS by argaltoll soil was higher than that of MDP. Due to the removal of organic matter from soils, K(f) values of MDP and GPS adsorbed by argaltoll soil, which were calculated from Freundlich equations and the measure of adsorption capacity, decreased by 46.1% and 75.0%, and these by typustalf soil decreased by 34.9% and 52.5%, respectively. Results from this study suggested that soil organic matter made greater contributions to adsorption of GPS, but soil minerals could provide more available adsorption sites for MDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 417, Shenyang 110016, China
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Yen JH, Sheu WS, Wang YS. Dissipation of the herbicide oxyfluorfen in subtropical soils and its potential to contaminate groundwater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2003; 54:151-156. [PMID: 12550092 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and mobility of the herbicide oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl 3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether) in field soil of Taiwan were investigated in the laboratory with six tea garden soils. The dissipation coefficients of oxyfluorfen in soils of different moisture content (30%, 60%, and 90% of soil field capacity) and soil temperature (10 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 40 degrees C) were studied. Results indicate that the half-life of oxyfluorfen ranged from 72 to 160 days for six tea garden soils. It was found that if the temperature is high, the dissipation rate is rapid, and there is almost no dissipation at 10 degrees C. Possible contamination of groundwater by the herbicide oxyfluorfen was assessed using the behavior assessment model and the groundwater pollution-potential (GWP) model. The results obtained after evaluating the residue and travel time using the GWP model illustrated that oxyfluorfen is not very mobile in soil and may not contaminate groundwater under normal conditions. But in the case of soil of extremely low organic carbon content and coarse texture, oxyfluorfen has the potential to contaminate groundwater less than 3m deep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Yen JH, Tsai CC, Su CC, Wang YS. Environmental dissipation of fungicide triphenyltin acetate and its potential as a groundwater contaminant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2001; 49:164-170. [PMID: 11386730 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2001.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various factors on fungicide triphenyltin acetate dissipation in selected soil types were studied; temperature is clearly the most important factor of these. Residues of this fungicide in Fangtzupo clay loam and Lanyang loam incubated at 30 degrees C for 32 days (water content 100, 70, or 40% of field capacity) were 25% of the original amounts. In soil samples incubated at 10, 30, or 40 degrees C with 100% field capacity water content, residues were 80, 26, and 5.5% for Fangtzupo soil, respectively, and 83, 26, and 7.0% for Lanyang soil, respectively. No significant difference in dissipation rate was found between sterilized and unsterilized soil, suggesting that microbial degradation is not an important factor in this process. Rapid degradation rates were observed-half-lives of 8.3 to 19.4 days in Fangtzupo clay loam and 8.0 to 16.3 days in Lanyang loam at temperatures ranging from 30 to 40 degrees C (soil water content of 100, 70, and 40% of field capacity). Significant increases in half-life (approximately 150 days) occurred at lower temperatures (10 degrees C) in both soil types. The potential of triphenyltin acetate to contaminate groundwater was tested using the behavior assessment and groundwater pollution-potential models. Results indicate that the leaching rate of the fungicide is very slow (1.0 cm day(-1)) under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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