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Abdyeva A, Kurtova E, Savinkova I, Galkov M, Gorbacheva L. Long-Term Exposure of Cultured Astrocytes to High Glucose Impact on Their LPS-Induced Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1122. [PMID: 38256196 PMCID: PMC10816293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with various complications, mainly caused by the chronic exposure of the cells to high glucose (HG) concentrations. The effects of long-term HG exposure in vitro accompanied by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application on astrocytes are relatively unknown. We used cell medium with normal (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) for rat astrocyte cultures and measured the release of NO, IL-6, β-hexosaminidase and cell survival in response to LPS. We first demonstrated that HG long-term incubation of astrocytes increased the release of β-hexosaminidase without decreasing MTT-detected cell survival, suggesting that there is no cell membrane damage or astrocyte death but could be lysosome exocytosis. Different from what was observed for NG, all LPS concentrations tested at HG resulted in an increase in IL-6, and this was detected for both 6 h and 48 h treatments. Interestingly, β-hexosaminidase level increased after 48 h of LPS and only at HG. The NO release from astrocytes also increased with LPS application at HG but was less significant. These data endorsed the original hypothesis that long-term hyperglycemia increases proinflammatory activation of astrocytes, and β-hexosaminidase could be a specific marker of excessive activation of astrocytes associated with exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna Abdyeva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Kurtova
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Irina Savinkova
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Maksim Galkov
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Liubov Gorbacheva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Wu H, Sun P, Lv C, Zhao X, Liu M, Zhou Q, Tang J, Yang L, Liang A. Effects of IL-11/IL-11 Receptor Alpha on Proliferation and Steroidogenesis in Ovarian Granulosa Cells of Dairy Cows. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040673. [PMID: 36831340 PMCID: PMC9954560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for follicular growth, oocyte maturation, and steroidogenesis in the ovaries. Interleukin (IL)-11 is known to play a crucial role in the decidualization of the uterus, however, the expression of the IL-11 system (IL-11, IL-11Rα, and gp130) in the bovine ovary and its exact role in GCs have not been extensively studied. In this study, we identified the IL-11 signaling receptor complex in the bovine ovary and investigated the regulatory effects and underlying mechanism of IL-11Rα on the proliferation and steroidogenesis of GCs. We observed that the IL-11 complex was highly expressed in the GCs of large follicles. IL-11Rα knockdown significantly inhibited GC proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, along with a significant downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) protein, and induced GC apoptosis by significantly upregulating the ratio of BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). In addition, IL-11Rα knockdown attenuated the Janus kinase (JAK) 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, which is related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that IL-11Rα silencing decreased the basal and forskolin (FSK)-stimulated secretions of estradiol and progesterone in GC culture medium concomitantly with a remarkable decrease in cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). We subsequently determined that this reduction in steroidogenesis was in parallel with the decrease in phosphorylations of protein kinase A (PKA) substrates, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Taken together, these data indicate that the effects of IL-11/IL-11Rα on the proliferation and steroidogenesis in bovine GCs is mediated by the JAK1-STAT3, PKA-CREB, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Our findings provide important insights into the local action of the IL-11 system in regulating ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peihao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ce Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinzhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qunli Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiaomei Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Pergel A, Demiral G, Tümkaya L, Mercantepe T, Özdemir A, Kalcan S, Çolakoğlu MK, Yılmaz A, Bedir R, Karakaya A. The protective effects of topiramate on intestinal injury induced with infrarenal aortic occlusion via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:604-609. [PMID: 33966542 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1925680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Prolonged surgical procedures and some clinical conditions such as surgeries of thoracoabdominal aorta, mesenteric ischemia, cardiopulmonary bypass, strangulated hernias and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis may cause decreased perfusion and injury of relevant organs and tissues. After reperfusion, injuries may get worse, leading to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Reperfusion following arterial clamping allows oxygen to ischemic tissues and produce injury by multiple mechanisms, including neutrophilic infiltration, intracellular adhesion molecules, and generation of reactive oxygen radicals. In this study with the analysis of SOD, MDA and Caspase-3 levels, we aimed to investigate the effect of topiramate on the outcome of I/R occured after abdominal aorta clamping on rats.Materials and Methods: Totaly 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups; the control group (n = 8), I/R (n = 8) and I/R+ topiramate (n = 8). Topiramate (100 mg/kg/day); 50 mg/kg (single dose) was administered intraperitoneally after being diluted with saline 5 days before I/R.Results: The intestinal tissue of the ischemia group displayed hemorrhage, Crypts of Lieberkuhn degeneration, ulceration, vascular congestion and edematous fields as a result of aortic occlusion. We also observed that MDA levels and Caspase-3 positivity increased and SOD levels decreased in the small intestine. However, topiramate administration decreased Crypts of Lieberkuhn degeneration, ulceration, vascular congestion and edematous fields, Caspase-3 positivity, and MDA levels.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that topiramate is effective against aortic occlusion-induced intestinal injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Pergel
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demiral
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Özdemir
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kalcan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kadri Çolakoğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Recep Bedir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karakaya
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Yang W, Zhang S, Ou T, Jiang H, Jia D, Qi Z, Zou Y, Qian J, Sun A, Ge J. Interleukin-11 regulates the fate of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via STAT3 signalling pathways. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12771. [PMID: 32270546 PMCID: PMC7260062 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) offer great promise as cell therapy for ischaemic diseases. Due to their poor survival in the ischaemic environment, the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs is still relatively low. Interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) has been shown to play a key role in promoting cell proliferation and protecting cells from oxidative stress injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether IL‐11 could improve therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in ischaemic diseases. Methods and Results ADSCs were prepared from inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue and exposed to hypoxic environment. The protein expression of IL‐11 was decreased after hypoxic treatment. In addition, ADSCs viability was increased after IL‐11 treatment under hypoxia. Moreover, IL‐11 enhanced ADSCs viability in a dose‐dependent manner under normoxia. Importantly, IL‐11 promoted ADSCs proliferation and migration and protected ADSCs against hydrogen peroxide‐induced cellular death. Notably, IL‐11 enhanced ADSCs proliferation and migration, also promoted cell survival and apoptosis resistance by STAT3 signalling. In vivo, mice were subjected to limb ischaemia and treated with IL‐11 overexpression ADSCs and control ADSCs. IL‐11 overexpression ADSCs improved perfusion recovery in the ischaemic muscles. Conclusions We provide the evidence that IL‐11 promoted ADSCs proliferation, stimulated ADSCs migration and attenuated ADSCs apoptosis by activation of STAT3 signalling. These results suggest that IL‐11 facilitated ADSCs engraftment in ischaemic tissue, thereby enhanced ADSCs therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantong Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Wu Q, Jin Y, Yang Q. Antiviral activity of interleukin-11 as a response to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:111. [PMID: 31864417 PMCID: PMC6925494 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a well-known anti-inflammatory factor, provides protection from intestinal epithelium damage caused by physical or chemical factors. However, little is known of the role of IL-11 during viral infections. In this study, IL-11 expression at mRNA and protein levels were found to be high in Vero cells and the jejunum of piglets during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, while IL-11 expression was found to be positively correlated with the level of viral infection. Pretreatment with recombinant porcine IL-11 (pIL-11) was found to suppress PEDV replication in Vero E6 cells, while IL-11 knockdown promoted viral infection. Furthermore, pIL-11 was found to inhibit viral infection by preventing PEDV-mediated apoptosis of cells by activating the IL-11/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conversely, application of a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor significantly antagonized the anti-apoptosis function of pIL-11 and counteracted its inhibition of PEDV. Our data suggest that IL-11 is a newfound PEDV-inducible cytokine, and its production enhances the anti-apoptosis ability of epithelial cells against PEDV infection. The potential of IL-11 to be used as a novel therapeutic against devastating viral diarrhea in piglets deserves more attention and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingxin Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang B, Zhang HX, Shi ST, Bai YL, Zhe X, Zhang SJ, Li YJ. Interleukin-11 treatment protected against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108816. [PMID: 31096144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation and immune responses are crucial factors associated with the onset and progression of stroke. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a hematopoietic IL-6 family cytokine that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent against various inflammatory diseases. However, its roles in stroke remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-11 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into five groups the vehicle group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, the MCAO plus adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C group, the MCAO plus IL-11 treatment group, and the MCAO plus IL-11 treatment and compound C group. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding the left middle cerebral artery, and reperfusion was achieved by withdrawing the suture 2 h after ischemia. The protein expression levels of IL-11 were measured using Western blot analysis, and its location was detected using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The infarct volume was examined using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and the neurobehavioral progression was assessed using the neurological scoring system. The expression of astrocytes and microglia was detected using immunochemistry, and real-time quantitative PCR was used for the gene quantification of inflammatory cytokines. The extent of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was tested using Nissl staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of the apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were detected using Western blot analysis, and the oxidative stress was also measured. RESULTS The expression of IL-11 mRNA and protein significantly decreased after cerebral ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining showed a large amount of IL-11 in the cerebral cortex of the mice in the vehicle group, whereas the immunoreactivity of IL-11 remained weak for 24 h in the MCAO group. Immunofluorescent staining further confirmed that IL-11 was mainly expressed in the neurons. It was suggested that IL-11 (20 μg/kg) treatment ameliorated infarction and reduced neurological scores. In addition, IL-11 proved to reduce neuropathic damage, glial activation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines after cerebral ischemia. IL-11 was also able to alleviate oxidative stress caused by cerebral ischemia, and AMPK inhibition enhanced the alleviation. Moreover, IL-11 was found to inhibit apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia, which could also be facilitated by AMPK inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE Our research suggests that IL-11 is decreased during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but IL-11 treatment can improve neurological function and reduce the cerebral infarct volume, which can trigger stroke in mice. AMPK inhibition can further promote the protective effect of IL-11 in stroke. Overall, we demonstrate that IL-11 is of therapeutic interest in controlling stroke and managing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Hai-Xiong Zhang
- Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Shao-Ting Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Yu-Lan Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Xiao Zhe
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Shi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
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Wu P, Tian L, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Xie F, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Yang J, Zhang YA, Shi HQ, Feng L. Sodium butyrate enhanced physical barrier function referring to Nrf2, JNK and MLCK signaling pathways in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:121-132. [PMID: 29222028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on the intestinal physical barrier function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The fish were fed one powdery sodium butyrate (PSB) diet (1000.0 mg kg-1 diet) and five graded levels of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) diets: 0.0 (control), 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0 and 2000.0 mg kg-1 diet for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila to explore the effect of SB supplementation on intestinal physical barrier function and the potential mechanisms in fish. The results showed that optimal SB supplementation: (1) down-regulated the cysteine-aspartic protease-2 (caspase-2), caspase-3 (rather than PI), caspase-7, caspase-8 (rather than PI), caspase-9, fatty acid synthetase ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein (Bax) and c-Jun Nterminal protein kinase (JNK) mRNA levels, up-regulated the B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2) (rather than PI), inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) mRNA levels in the intestine (P < 0.05), inhibited the intestinal cell apoptosis, maintained the intestine cell structure integrity; (2) increased NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and nucleus protein levels, and down-regulated kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap1b) (rather than Keap1a) mRNA levels in the intestine, up-regulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1a (GPx1a), GPx1b, GPx4a, GPx4b, glutathione S-transferases R (GSTR), GSTP1, GSTP2, GSTO1, GSTO2 and glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA levels in the intestine, increased the corresponding antioxidant enzymes activity (P < 0.05), thus enhancing the ability of scavenging free radicals and decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, decreasing the lipid and protein peroxidation, as well as alleviating oxidative damage; (3) down-regulated the molecule myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA levels in the intestine, and up-regulated the occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-f, claudin-3c (rather than PI), claudin-7a, claudin-7b and claudin-11 mRNA levels, down-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15a and claudin-15b mRNA levels (P < 0.05), thus maintaining the structural integrity between cells. This study suggests that SB supplementation could improve fish intestinal physical barrier function. Furthermore, according to the positive effect, MSB was superior to PSB on improving intestinal physical barrier function of fish. Finally, based on protein carbonyl content in the PI, the optimal SB supplementation (MSB as SB source) for young grass carp was estimated to be 338.8 mg kg-1 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201807, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Enterprise Technology Center, Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - He-Qun Shi
- Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610222, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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8
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Yu J, Feng Z, Tan L, Pu L, Kong L. Interleukin-11 protects mouse liver from warm ischemia/reperfusion (WI/Rp) injury. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:562-570. [PMID: 27016892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the IL-6 family. Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-11 has underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of IL-11 on mouse liver WI/Rp injury. METHODS For in vivo experiments, mice were randomly divided into four main experimental groups (n=5 each): (1) normal group - anesthesia; (2) sham group- laparotomy; (3) I/R group- liver WI/Rp; and (4) IL-11 pretreatment (500μg/kg, tail vein injection) group- administration of RhIL-11 2h before liver WI/Rp induced in the same manner as in group 3. For in vitro experiments, cells were divided into two groups: (1) H/R group- H/R; and (2) IL-11 pretreatment group- pretreatment with RhIL-11 (2μg/mL for 12h) before the induction of H/R. For both groups, three periods of reoxygenation were examined (2h, 6h, and 12h). RESULTS In the in vivo experiments, IL-11 protected mouse livers from WI/Rp by reducing liver enzyme levels and cellular degeneration. In the in vitro experiments, IL-11 significantly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. In both the in vivo and in vitro experiments, IL-11 pre-treatment significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, NF-κB, a target of IL-11, was suppressed in macrophages after IL-11 pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with IL-11 protects mouse livers from WI/Rp injury by suppressing NF-kB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longwei Tan
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyong Pu
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, 210029 Nanjing, China.
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Cagin YF, Atayan Y, Sahin N, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Vardi N, Tagluk ME, Tanbek K, Yildiz A. Beneficial effects of dexpanthenol on mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental rat model. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:354-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1126834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Resveratrol Reduces Morphologic Changes in the Myenteric Plexus and Oxidative Stress in the Ileum in Rats with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3252-63. [PMID: 26077974 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury can be caused by surgical procedures and inflammatory bowel disease. It is normally associated with the increased production of free radicals and changes in the enteric nervous system. AIMS Given the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of resveratrol, the present study assessed its influence on oxidative stress in the intestinal wall and the morphology of myenteric neurons in the ileum of rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS Resveratrol was orally administered daily at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days. Changes in the ileum response to ischemia after 45 min were investigated followed by 3 h reperfusion. Lipoperoxide and carbonylated protein levels, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured following ischemia/reperfusion injury. RESULTS The density and morphometry of the general neuronal population, nitrergic neurons and glial cells, and morphometry of VIP varicosities in the ileum were also studied. Lipoperoxide and carbonylated protein levels were 171 and 40% higher during the ischemia/reperfusion, respectively, compared to control cohorts, and resveratrol attenuated these values. The glutathione ratio was 64% lower during ischemia/reperfusion, compared to control cohorts. Resveratrol increased the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, attenuated the changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the detrimental morphologic changes caused by ischemia/reperfusion in the general neuronal population and nitrergic neurons. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment with resveratrol reduced the oxidative stress in the ileum and attenuated the morphologic changes that occurred in the myenteric plexus of the ileum in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion.
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Yang L, Wang R, Gao Y, Xu X, Fu K, Wang S, Li Y, Peng R. The protective role of interleukin-11 against neutron radiation injury in mouse intestines via MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1406-14. [PMID: 24452839 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-3015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutron irradiation (IR) has been proven to cause more serious damage than gamma IR. Preventing and curing neutron IR damage remains an urgent issue. AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effects of IL-11 against neutron IR-induced damage in small intestine of mice. METHODS Mice were exposed to 3-Gy neutron IR whole body and then treated with 500 μg/kg interleukin-11 (IL-11) intraperitoneally every day. Mice were observed at various time-points over 1-5 days after IR. IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4 Gy neutron IR, and 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 was added to culture medium. Cell proliferation activity was estimated by MTT assay and rates of apoptosis were estimated by flow cytometry. RESULTS IL-11 slightly alleviated the incidence of diarrhea in the mice and promoted intestinal epithelia regeneration. In the in vitro study, neutron IR activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in intestinal epithelial cells constitutively, which was initially suppressed and then activated later by IL-11. The MEK-specific inhibitor U0126 could antagonize the positive effect of IL-11 on cell growth. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway activation was suppressed after neutron IR, but could be triggered by IL-11 to protect the cells. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the positive effect of IL-11 on cell growth, and antagonized the protective effect of IL-11 against cell death after neutron IR. CONCLUSION IL-11 increases cell proliferation after neutron IR in MEK and PI3K-dependent signaling pathways, but protects cells against death only in the PI3K-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yang L, Wang R, Gao Y, Xu X, Fu K, Wang S, Li Y, Peng R, Hou X. The protective role of interleukin-11 against neutron radiation injury in mouse intestines via MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways. Dig Dis Sci 2014. [PMID: 24452839 DOI: 10.1007/s10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutron irradiation (IR) has been proven to cause more serious damage than gamma IR. Preventing and curing neutron IR damage remains an urgent issue. AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effects of IL-11 against neutron IR-induced damage in small intestine of mice. METHODS Mice were exposed to 3-Gy neutron IR whole body and then treated with 500 μg/kg interleukin-11 (IL-11) intraperitoneally every day. Mice were observed at various time-points over 1-5 days after IR. IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4 Gy neutron IR, and 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 was added to culture medium. Cell proliferation activity was estimated by MTT assay and rates of apoptosis were estimated by flow cytometry. RESULTS IL-11 slightly alleviated the incidence of diarrhea in the mice and promoted intestinal epithelia regeneration. In the in vitro study, neutron IR activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in intestinal epithelial cells constitutively, which was initially suppressed and then activated later by IL-11. The MEK-specific inhibitor U0126 could antagonize the positive effect of IL-11 on cell growth. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway activation was suppressed after neutron IR, but could be triggered by IL-11 to protect the cells. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the positive effect of IL-11 on cell growth, and antagonized the protective effect of IL-11 against cell death after neutron IR. CONCLUSION IL-11 increases cell proliferation after neutron IR in MEK and PI3K-dependent signaling pathways, but protects cells against death only in the PI3K-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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13
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Critical role of interleukin-11 in isoflurane-mediated protection against ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Anesthesiology 2014; 119:1389-401. [PMID: 24037316 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3182a950da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane releases renal tubular transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and protects against ischemic acute kidney injury. Recent studies suggest that TGF-β1 can induce a cytoprotective cytokine interleukin (IL)-11. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that isoflurane protects against ischemic acute kidney injury by direct induction of renal tubular IL-11 synthesis. METHODS Human kidney proximal tubule cells were treated with 1.25-2.5% isoflurane or carrier gas (room air + 5% carbon dioxide) for 0-16 h. The authors also anesthetized C57BL/6 mice with 1.2% isoflurane or with equianesthetic dose of pentobarbital for 4 h. In addition, the authors subjected IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) wild-type, IL-11R-deficient, or IL-11 neutralized mice to 30-min renal ischemia followed by reperfusion under 4 h of anesthesia with pentobarbital or isoflurane (1.2%). RESULTS Isoflurane increased IL-11 synthesis in human (approximately 300-500% increase, N = 6) and mouse (23 ± 4 [mean ± SD] fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) proximal tubule cells that were attenuated by a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane showed significantly increased kidney IL-11 messenger RNA (13.8 ± 2 fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) and protein (31 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 2 pg/mg protein or approximately 80% increase, N = 4) expression compared with pentobarbital-anesthetized mice, and this increase was also attenuated by a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, isoflurane-mediated renal protection in IL-11R wild-type mice was absent in IL-11R-deficient mice or in IL-11R wild-type mice treated with IL-11-neutralizing antibody (N = 4-6). CONCLUSION In this study, the authors suggest that isoflurane induces renal tubular IL-11 via TGF-β1 signaling to protect against ischemic acute kidney injury.
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14
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Kim JY, Kim M, Ham A, Brown KM, Greene RW, D'Agati VD, Lee HT. IL-11 is required for A1 adenosine receptor-mediated protection against ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1558-70. [PMID: 23813214 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A1 adenosine receptor activation ameliorates ischemic AKI through the induction of renal proximal tubular sphingosine kinase-1. However, systemic adverse effects may limit A1 adenosine receptor-based therapy for ischemic AKI, indicating a need to identify alternative therapeutic targets within this pathway. Here, we evaluated the function of renal proximal tubular IL-11, a clinically approved hematopoietic cytokine, in A1 adenosine receptor-mediated induction of sphingosine kinase-1 and renal protection. Treatment of human proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells with a selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist, chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), induced the expression of IL-11 mRNA and protein in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent manner, and administration of CCPA in mice induced renal synthesis of IL-11. Pretreatment with CCPA protected against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in wild-type mice, but not in IL-11 receptor-deficient mice. Administration of an IL-11-neutralizing antibody abolished the renal protection provided by CCPA. Similarly, CCPA did not induce renal IL-11 expression or protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice lacking the renal proximal tubular A1 adenosine receptor. Finally, treatment with CCPA induced sphingosine kinase-1 in HK-2 cells and wild-type mice, but not in IL-11 receptor-deficient or renal proximal tubule A1 adenosine receptor-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that induction of renal proximal tubule IL-11 is a critical intermediary in A1 adenosine receptor-mediated renal protection that warrants investigation as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic AKI.
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15
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Vanden Berghe T, Grootjans S, Goossens V, Dondelinger Y, Krysko DV, Takahashi N, Vandenabeele P. Determination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Methods 2013; 61:117-29. [PMID: 23473780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death research during the last decades has revealed many molecular signaling cascades, often leading to distinct cell death modalities followed by immune responses. For historical reasons, the prototypic and best characterized cell death modes are apoptosis and necrosis (dubbed necroptosis, to indicate that it is regulated). There is mounting evidence for the interplay between cell death modalities and their redundant action when one of them is interfered with. This increase in cell death research points to the need for characterizing cell death pathways by different approaches at the biochemical, cellular and if possible, physiological level. In this review we present a selection of techniques to detect cell death and to distinguish necrosis from apoptosis. The distinction should be based on pharmacologic and transgenic approaches in combination with several biochemical and morphological criteria. A particular problem in defining necrosis is that in the absence of phagocytosis, apoptotic cells become secondary necrotic and develop morphologic and biochemical features of primary necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Vanden Berghe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Lee HT, Park SW, Kim M, Ham A, Anderson LJ, Brown KM, D'Agati VD, Cox GN. Interleukin-11 protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1216-24. [PMID: 22859402 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00220.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury causes renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation leading to acute and chronic kidney dysfunction. IL-11 is a multifunctional hematopoietic cytokine clinically approved to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Recent studies suggest that IL-11 also has potent antiapoptotic and antinecrotic properties. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous IL-11 protects against renal IR injury and determined the mechanisms involved in renal protection. Pretreatment with human recombinant IL-11 (HR IL-11) or with long-acting site-specific polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated human IL-11 analog (PEGylated IL-11) produced partial but significant protection against renal IR injury in mice. In addition, HR IL-11 or PEGylated IL-11 given 30-60 min after IR also provided renal protection in mice. Significant reductions in renal tubular necrosis and neutrophil infiltration as well as tubular apoptosis were observed in mice treated with HR IL-11 or PEGylated IL-11. Furthermore, HR IL-11 or PEGylated IL-11 decreased both necrosis and apoptosis in human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells in culture. Mechanistically, IL-11 increased nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and induced sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) expression and activity in HK-2 cells. Moreover, selective HIF-1α inhibitors blocked IL-11-mediated induction of SK1 in HK-2 cells. Finally, HR IL-11 or PEGylated IL-11 failed to protect against renal IR injury in SK1-deficient mice. Together, our data show powerful renal protective effects of exogenous IL-11 against IR injury by reducing necrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis through induction of SK1 via HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Laboratories, Columbia University, West 168th St., New York, NY 10032-3784, USA.
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Liu KX, He W, Rinne T, Liu Y, Zhao MQ, Wu WK. The Effect ofGinkgo bilobaExtract (EGb 761) Pretreatment on Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats: Role of Ceramide. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 35:805-19. [PMID: 17963320 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07005284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis was demonstrated to be a major mode of intestinal epithelial cell death caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion ( II / R ). Ceramide has been proposed as a messenger for apoptosis. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (EGb 761) pretreatment on II / R -induced intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis in rats and the mechanism related to ceramide. The rat model of II / R injury was produced by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. Twenty four rats were randomly allocated into Sham, II / R and EGb + II / R groups. In EGb + II / R group, EGb 761 (100 mg/kg per day) was administered intragastrically for 7 days before the surgery. Animals in II / R and sham groups were treated with equal volume of normal saline solution. Intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis was detected via electron microscopy and TUNEL method. Lipid peroxidation in intestinal mucosa was determined by detecting the malondialdehyde level and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase glutathione. The ceramide generation and sphingomyelinase (SMase) mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa were determined by high performance, thin layer chromatography, and RT-PCR, respectively. II / R caused intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis and over-production of the ceramide accompanied by up-regulation of SMase mRNA expression and increases of lipid peroxidation. EGb 761 pretreatment significantly decreased apoptosis index, and concurrently reduced the ceramide generation accompanied by down-regulation of SMase expression and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The findings indicate that EGb 761 pretreatment attenuates II / R -induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis, which might be attributable to its antioxidant action of mediating ceramide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Timo Rinne
- Division of Anaesthesia, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Ying Liu
- The Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming-Qi Zhao
- The Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Kang Wu
- The Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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RIP kinase-dependent necrosis drives lethal systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Immunity 2012; 35:908-18. [PMID: 22195746 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signals two diametrically opposed pathways: survival-inflammation and cell death. An additional switch decides, depending on the cellular context, between caspase-dependent apoptosis and RIP kinase (RIPK)-mediated necrosis, also termed necroptosis. We explored the contribution of both cell death pathways in TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Deletion of apoptotic executioner caspases (caspase-3 or -7) or inflammatory caspase-1 had no impact on lethal SIRS. However, deletion of RIPK3 conferred complete protection against lethal SIRS and reduced the amounts of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns. Pretreatment with the RIPK1 kinase inhibitor, necrostatin-1, provided a similar effect. These results suggest that RIPK1-RIPK3-mediated cellular damage by necrosis drives mortality during TNF-induced SIRS. RIPK3 deficiency also protected against cecal ligation and puncture, underscoring the clinical relevance of RIPK kinase inhibition in sepsis and identifying components of the necroptotic pathway that are potential therapeutic targets for treatment of SIRS and sepsis.
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Pergel A, Kanter M, Yucel AF, Aydin I, Erboga M, Guzel A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of infliximab in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:923-32. [PMID: 22082824 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711427056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of infliximab on oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the rat intestinal mucosa after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham, I/R and I/R+ infliximab; each group comprised 10 animals. Sham group animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. I/R groups after undergoing laparotomy, 1 hour of superior mesenteric artery ligation occurred, which was followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. In the infliximab group, 3 days before I/R, infliximab (3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. All animals were killed at the end of reperfusion and intestinal tissues samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigation in all groups. To date, no biochemical and histopathological changes have been reported regarding intestinal I/R injury in rats due to infliximab treatment. Infliximab treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde levels and increased reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities in intestinal tissues samples. I/R caused severe histopathological injury including mucosal erosions, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and villous congestion. Infliximab treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury, inhibiting I/R-induced apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, infliximab pretreatment may have protective effects on the experimental intestinal I/R model of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Pergel
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Rize University, Rize, Turkey.
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Guan YF, Pritts TA, Montrose MH. Ischemic post-conditioning to counteract intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2010; 1:137-43. [PMID: 21607154 PMCID: PMC3097957 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v1.i4.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia is a severe disorder with a variety of causes. Reperfusion is a common occurrence during treatment of acute intestinal ischemia but the injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) may lead to even more serious complications from intestinal atrophy to multiple organ failure and death. The susceptibility of the intestine to IR-induced injury (IRI) appears from various experimental studies and clinical settings such as cardiac and major vascular surgery and organ transplantation. Whereas oxygen free radicals, activation of leukocytes, failure of microvascular perfusion, cellular acidosis and disturbance of intracellular homeostasis have been implicated as important factors in the pathogenesis of intestinal IRI, the mechanisms underlying this disorder are not well known. To date, increasing attention is being paid in animal studies to potential pre- and post-ischemia treatments that protect against intestinal IRI such as drug interference with IR-induced apoptosis and inflammation processes and ischemic pre-conditioning. However, better insight is needed into the molecular and cellular events associated with reperfusion-induced damage to develop effective clinical protection protocols to combat this disorder. In this respect, the use of ischemic post-conditioning in combination with experimentally prolonged acidosis blocking deleterious reperfusion actions may turn out to have particular clinical relevance.
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Steinhart AH, Tolomiczenko G. IBD 2009: emerging research frontiers on the path to a cure. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2010; 24:557-65. [PMID: 21152461 PMCID: PMC2948766 DOI: 10.1155/2010/795780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada (CCFC) hosted a research symposium in April 2009. The current article presents short synopses of the presentations given at that symposium. Invitees included CCFC-funded clinician-scientists and researchers, research administrators and international leaders in inflammatory bowel disease research. Research challenges were outlined while acknowledging advances made in several domains relevant to informing the search for cures. Following the scientific presentations, discussions endorsed current activities of the CCFC and supported the creation of a new pediatric inflammatory bowel disease initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hillary Steinhart
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - G Tolomiczenko
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Liu KX, Chen SQ, Huang WQ, Li YS, Irwin MG, Xia Z. Propofol pretreatment reduces ceramide production and attenuates intestinal mucosal apoptosis induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1884-91. [PMID: 19020134 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181884bbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis has been shown to be a major mode of intestinal epithelial cell death caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R), a condition that is associated with increased oxidative stress. Ceramide has been proposed as a messenger of apoptosis. We investigated if pretreatment with propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant properties, could reduce ceramide production, and consequently, mucosal epithelial apoptosis induced by II/R in rats. METHODS Rat II/R injury was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Thirty rats were randomly allocated into control, injury (II/R) and propofol (pretreatment) groups (n = 10 per group). In the propofol group, propofol 50 mg/kg, a dose that has been shown to cause the loss of reflex responses to a painful stimulus while remaining sensitive to skin incision in rats, was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before inducing intestinal ischemia, while animals in control and untreated injury groups received an equal volume of intralipid. Intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis was detected via electron microscopy and TUNEL analysis. Lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase were assessed by colorimetric analyses. Ceramide generation and sphingomyelinase mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa were determined by high performance thin layer chromatography and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS II/R caused intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis and over-production of ceramide accompanied by up-regulation of sphingomyelinase mRNA expression and increases in lipid oxidation (all P < 0.01 versus control). Propofol pretreatment significantly attenuated these changes (all P < 0.01, propofol versus injury). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that propofol pretreatment attenuates II/R-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis, which might be attributable to its antioxidant property modulating the ceramide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan 2th Rd., Guangzhou, China, 510080.
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Mota JM, Brito GA, Loiola RT, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RDA. Interleukin-11 attenuates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Int Braz J Urol 2008; 33:704-10. [PMID: 17980069 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382007000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible protective effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) against ifosfamide (IFS)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice (20-30g) were pretreated with rhIL-11 (25-625 mg, subcutaneously.) 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of IFS (400 mg/kg) or with saline (control group). Twelve hours later, HC was evaluated by bladder wet weight (BWW) to quantify edema, Evans blue extravasation (EBE) to measure vascular permeability, and macroscopic and microscopic analysis. All bladders were assessed by histopathological analysis. RESULTS rhIL-11 (at 125 and 625 mg) attenuated the IFS- induced increase of BWW (37.48% and 45.44%, respectively, p < 0.05) and EBE (62.35% and 56.47%, respectively, p < 0.05). IFS- induced macroscopic edema and hemorrhage and microscopic alterations, were also prevented by rhIL-11 at 625 microg. (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a protective effect of rhIL-11 on experimental IFS- induced HC, not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mota
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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24
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Deutscher N, Bataille F, Hausmann M, Kiessling S, Muller-Newen G, Leeb SN, Herfarth H, Heinrich PC, Schölmerich J, Rogler G. Functional expression of the interleukin-11 receptor alpha-chain in normal colonic epithelium and colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21:573-81. [PMID: 16292518 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been evaluated as an anti-inflammatory and mucosa-protective therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Activity of IL-11 requires binding to the alpha receptor subunit (IL-11Ralpha) that provides ligand specificity. Recently, we showed that in the intestinal mucosa, IL-11Ralpha is mainly present on epithelial cells mediating antiapoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiling of IL-11Ralpha and its downstream signaling cascade in colonic adenoma and carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of IL-11Ralpha in normal colonic mucosa, 11 colonic adenomas, and 10 carcinomas was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, IL-11Ralpha-expression and IL-11Ralpha-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 were investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed significant IL-11-Ralpha expression in epithelial cells of normal colonic mucosa. In contrast, the expression of IL-11-Ralpha in colon adenomas and carcinomas was either absent or only detectable in very few scattered epithelial cells. Densitometric analysis of Western blots confirmed these results, showing a decrease of IL-11Ralpha-protein in cells isolated from adenomas or carcinomas. Reduced STAT3-phosphorylation in carcinoma cells indicated functional consequences of decreased IL-11Ralpha-protein expression on signal transduction. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a decrease of IL-11-Ralpha-protein expression in epithelial cells isolated from colon carcinomas and adenomas compared to normal colonic mucosa and a reduced STAT3 signaling. Because of reduced binding and signal transduction, it is unlikely that therapeutically administered IL-11 would contribute to colorectal carcinoma induction and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Deutscher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Wang RJ, Peng RY, Fu KF, Gao YB, Han RG, Hu WH, Luo QL, Ma JJ. Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain and glycoprotein 130 in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 after neutron irradiation. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3055-9. [PMID: 16718787 PMCID: PMC4124381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i19.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on the expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain (IL-11Rα) and an additional signal transducer glycoprotein 130 (gp130) in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 (IEC-6) after neutron irradiation.
METHODS: Cultured IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4.0Gy neutron and treated with 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 12 h prior to or immediately after irradiation. The apoptosis and necrosis rates and expressions of IL-11Rα and gp130 were observed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis.
RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells was increased by irradiation at 6 h (P < 0.01), IL-11 stimulation resulted in a decreased apoptosis rate in irradiated IEC-6 cells (P < 0.05). In normal control IEC-6 cells, intense immunoreactivity of IL-11Rα was located within the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The level of IL-11Rα expression significantly decreased at 6 h after irradiation (P < 0.01) and restored at 24 h after irradiation. In IEC-6 cells treated with both radiation and rhIL-11, the level of IL-11Rα expression was higher than that of irradiated cells (P < 0.05). When it came to gp130 protein, it was located in the cytoplasm of IEC-6 cells. After irradiation, we found a progressive decrease in the expression of gp130 protein (P < 0.05) in 48 h post-radiation, while in rhIL-11-stimulated cells, it came back to normal level at 24 h after irradiation and decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that of only irradiated cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: rhIL-11 can protect IEC-6 cells from neutron irradiation. The protective effect of rhIL-11 might be connected with its ability to up-regulate the expressions of specific ligand-binding subunit IL-11Rα and signal-transducing subunit gp130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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26
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Abstract
During ischemia, the cell structures are progressively damaged, but restoration of the blood flow, paradoxically, intensifies the lesions caused by the ischemia. The mechanisms of ischemia injury and reperfusion (I/R) have not been completely defined and many studies have been realized in an attempt to find an ideal therapy for mesenteric I/R. The occlusion and reperfusion of the splanchnic arteries provokes local and systemic alterations principally derived from the release of cytotoxic substances and the interaction between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Substances involved in the process are discussed in the present review, like oxygen-derived free radicals, nitric oxide, transcription factors, complement system, serotonin and pancreatic proteases. The mechanisms of apoptosis, alterations in other organs, therapeutic and evaluation methods are also discussed.
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Abstract
MI remains a highly lethal entity. Improving survival requires an aggressive, multidisciplinary approach. High-risk patients with severe abdominal pain and a paucity of physical findings should be undergo emergent imaging in a search for this disease. Improvements in laboratory tests and advances in imaging techniques may improve the ability to diagnose MI earlier in its course, before irreversible damage has occurred. Many treatment modalities are available and should be tailored to each individual case. By recognizing and preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury,the cycle of protracted complications may be broken. A decrease in the mortality from MI finally is occurring. Early recognition and aggressive treatment finally may allow clinicians to have a marked impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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28
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Kiessling S, Muller-Newen G, Leeb SN, Hausmann M, Rath HC, Strater J, Spottl T, Schlottmann K, Grossmann J, Montero-Julian FA, Scholmerich J, Andus T, Buschauer A, Heinrich PC, Rogler G. Functional Expression of the Interleukin-11 Receptor α-Chain and Evidence of Antiapoptotic Effects in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:10304-15. [PMID: 14701802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue-protective effect of interleukin-11 (IL-11) for the intestinal mucosa has been postulated from animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the fact that the clinical usefulness of the anti-inflammatory effects of this cytokine is presently investigated in patients with IBD, there are no data available regarding the target cells of IL-11 action and the mechanisms of tissue protection within the human colonic mucosa. IL-11 responsiveness is restricted to cells that express the interleukin-11 receptor alpha-chain (IL-11Ralpha) and an additional signal-transducing subunit (gp130). In this study, we identified the target cells for IL-11 within the human colon with a new IL-11Ralpha monoclonal antibody and investigated the functional expression of the receptor and downstream effects of IL-11-induced signaling. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of the IL-11Ralpha selectively on colonic epithelial cells. HT-29 and colonic epithelial cells (CEC) constitutively expressed IL-11Ralpha mRNA and protein. Co-expression of the signal-transducing subunit gp130 was also demonstrated. IL-11 induced signaling through triggering activation of the Jak-STAT pathway without inducing anti-inflammatory or proliferative effects in colonic epithelial cells. However, IL-11 stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt, a decreased activation of caspase-9, and a reduced induction of apoptosis in cultured CEC. In HLA-B27 transgenic rats treated with IL-11, a reduction of apoptotic cell numbers was found. This study demonstrates functional expression of the IL-11Ralpha restricted on CEC within the human colonic mucosa. IL-11 induced signaling through triggering activation of the Jak-STAT pathway, without inducing anti-inflammatory or proliferative effects. The beneficial effects of IL-11 therapy are likely to be mediated by CEC via activation of the Akt-survival pathway, mediating antiapoptotic effects to support mucosal integrity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Caspase 9
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Colon/cytology
- Cytokine Receptor gp130
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-11/metabolism
- Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-11
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor
- Time Factors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kiessling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Arthur GL, Schwartz MZ, Kuenzler KA, Birbe R. Glucagonlike peptide-2 analogue: a possible new approach in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39:448-52; discussion 448-52. [PMID: 15017568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Glucagonlike peptide-2alpha (GLP-2alpha) has been shown to be a growth factor for the small intestine. This study investigated the benefits of intravenous and intraluminal administration of GLP-2alpha using a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Normal Fisher rats and HLA-B27 (IBD) rats were treated for 14 days as follows: Fisher, intravenous saline (n = 6); HLA-B27, intravenous saline (n = 6); HLA-B27, intravenous GLP-2alpha (50 microg/kg/d; n = 5); Fisher, intraluminal saline (n = 5); HLA-B27, intraluminal saline (n = 5); or intraluminal GLP-2alpha (50 microg/kg/d; n = 5). Rats were evaluated for frequency of diarrhea, and the bowel was analyzed for gross and microscopic lesions. Statistical evaluations were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P value of.05 was significant. RESULTS Intravenous GLP-2alpha decreased diarrhea and the number of bowel lesions (P <.05). Microscopic inflammation was reduced by 24% but was not statistically significant. Intraluminal GLP-2alpha decreased the number of small intestine lesions (P <.05) and the microscopic inflammation (P <.05) but did not significantly reduce diarrhea or the overall number of bowel lesions. CONCLUSIONS GLP-2alpha ameliorates the signs of IBD in HLA-B27 rats. Intravenous GLP-2alpha reduces diarrhea more effectively than intraluminal administration, and both routes are equally effective in ameliorating inflammation. GLP-2alpha potentially provides a new modality for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grier L Arthur
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5587, USA
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Jacob T, Ascher E, Hingorani A, Kallakuri S. Glycine prevents the induction of apoptosis attributed to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. Surgery 2003; 134:457-66. [PMID: 14555933 DOI: 10.1067/s0039-6060(03)00164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated that glycine has a protective effect in mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotective action of glycine. Because oxidative stress in I/R injury can lead to apoptosis, we examined the role of glycine in modulating the apoptotic signals in a rat mesenteric I/R injury model. METHODS Twenty-four anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 hour of mesenteric ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Control animals (n=6) received normal saline intravenously at the rate of 0.01 mL/g/h during the ischemia and reperfusion period. Treated animals divided in 3 groups (n=6 in each) received glycine at a dose of either 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/g, infused at the rate of 0.01 mL/g/h during the reperfusion period. Animals were killed at the end of the experiment, and proximal, middle, and distal segments of the small bowel were harvested for histopathology, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemistry. Expression of apoptosis-related molecules, bcl-2, bax, caspase-3, death receptor, Fas, and death substrate, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were studied. RESULTS In glycine-treated animals, the middle and distal segments of the small intestine were well- preserved and showed better histologic grade and morphometric parameters as compared with saline controls (P<.05) in a dose-independent manner. There was increased apoptosis in saline controls as compared to the treated group (P<.01). Pro-apoptotic bax and caspase-3 were downregulated, whereas bcl-2 was upregulated in the glycine-treated animals (P<.02). Increased expression of death receptors and cleavage of PARP was observed in saline controls as compared to treated groups (P<.05). No significant differences were noted between the proximal bowel segments of treated and control animals. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that I/R causes formation of death- inducing signal complexes, which may activate the sequential cleavage of caspases and death substrates. We have demonstrated that one of the mechanisms of the protective effect of glycine is the downregulation of the death-inducing signals and abrogation of the apoptotic cascade in this I/R injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Jacob
- Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
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31
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Yu Z, Li W, Brunk UT. 3-Aminopropanal is a lysosomotropic aldehyde that causes oxidative stress and apoptosis by rupturing lysosomes. APMIS 2003; 111:643-52. [PMID: 12969020 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia and following trauma, potent cytotoxic polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes form, diffuse, and damage adjacent tissues not directly subjected to the initial insult. One such aldehyde is 3-aminopropanal (3-AP). The mechanisms by which such a small aldehydic compound is excessively cytotoxic have been unclear until recently when we showed that 3-AP, having the structure of a weak lysosomotropic base, concentrates within the acidic vacuolar compartment and causes lysosomal rupture that, in turn, induces caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Here, using cultured J774 cells and 3-AP as a way to selectively burst lysosomes, we show that moderate lysosomal rupture induces a transient wave of oxidative stress. The start of this oxidative stress period is concomitant with a short period of enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential that later fades and is replaced by a decreased potential before the oxidative stress diminishes. The result of the study suggests that oxidative stress, which has often been described during apoptosis induced by agonists other than oxidative stress per se, may be a consequence of lysosomal rupture with direct and/or indirect effects on mitochondrial respiration and electron transport causing a period of passing enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Yu
- Divisions of Pathology II and Neurosurgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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