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Knuth MM, Campos CV, Smith K, Hutchins EK, Lewis S, York M, Coghill LM, Franklin C, MacFarlane A, Ericsson AC, Magnuson T, Ideraabdullah F. Timing of standard chow exposure determines the variability of mouse phenotypic outcomes and gut microbiota profile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587032. [PMID: 38585881 PMCID: PMC10996631 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Standard chow diet contributes to reproducibility in animal model experiments since chows differ in nutrient composition, which can independently influence phenotypes. However, there is little evidence of the role of timing in the extent of variability caused by chow exposure. Here, we measured the impact of diet (5V5M, 5V0G, 2920X, and 5058) and timing of exposure (adult exposure (AE), lifetime exposure (LE), and developmental exposure (DE)) on growth & development, metabolic health indicators, and gut bacterial microbiota profiles across genetically identical C57BL6/J mice. Diet drove differences in macro- and micronutrient intake for all exposure models. AE had no effect on measured outcomes. However, LE mice exhibited significant sex-dependent diet effects on growth, body weight, and body composition. LE effects were mostly absent in the DE model, where mice were exposed to chow differences from conception to weaning. Both AE and LE models exhibited similar diet-driven beta diversity profiles for the gut bacterial microbiota, with 5058 diet driving the most distinct profile. Diet-induced beta diversity profiles were sex-dependent for LE mice. Compared to AE, LE drove 9X more diet-driven differentially abundant genera, majority of which were the result of inverse effects of 2920X and 5058. Our findings demonstrate that lifetime exposure to different chow diets has the greatest impact on reproducibility of experimental measures that are common components of preclinical mouse model studies. Importantly, weaning DE mice onto a uniform diet is likely an effective way to reduce unwanted phenotypic variability among experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Knuth
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carolina Vieira Campos
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-881, Brazil
| | - Kirsten Smith
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Hutchins
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shantae Lewis
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mary York
- University of Missouri (MU) Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lyndon M. Coghill
- University of Missouri (MU) Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, MU, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Craig Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, MU, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center at the University of Missouri (MU MMRRC), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- MU Metagenomics Center (MUMC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Amanda MacFarlane
- Texas A&M Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition Evidence Center, Fort Worth, TX 76102, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, MU, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center at the University of Missouri (MU MMRRC), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- MU Metagenomics Center (MUMC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Folami Ideraabdullah
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Harper RL, Fang F, San H, Negro A, St Hilaire C, Yang D, Chen G, Yu Z, Dmitrieva NI, Lanzer J, Davaine JM, Schwartzbeck R, Walts AD, Kovacic JC, Boehm M. Mast cell activation and degranulation in acute artery injury: A target for post-operative therapy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23029. [PMID: 37310585 PMCID: PMC11095138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201745rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has led to a significant ongoing need to address this surgically through coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). From this, there continues to be a substantial burden of mortality and morbidity due to complications arising from endothelial damage, resulting in restenosis. Whilst mast cells (MC) have been shown to have a causative role in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, including restenosis due to vein engraftment; here, we demonstrate their rapid response to arterial wire injury, recapitulating the endothelial damage seen in PCI procedures. Using wild-type mice, we demonstrate accumulation of MC in the femoral artery post-acute wire injury, with rapid activation and degranulation, resulting in neointimal hyperplasia, which was not observed in MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice. Furthermore, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were abundant in the wild-type mice area of injury but reduced in the KitW-sh/W-sh mice. Following bone-marrow-derived MC (BMMC) transplantation into KitW-sh/W-sh mice, not only was the neointimal hyperplasia induced, but the neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell populations were also present in these transplanted mice. To demonstrate the utility of MC as a target for therapy, we administered the MC stabilizing drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) immediately following arterial injury and were able to show a reduction in neointimal hyperplasia in wild-type mice. These studies suggest a critical role for MC in inducing the conditions and coordinating the detrimental inflammatory response seen post-endothelial injury in arteries undergoing revascularization procedures, and by targeting the rapid MC degranulation immediately post-surgery with DSCG, this restenosis may become a preventable clinical complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Harper
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong San
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandra Negro
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan Yang
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guibin Chen
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalia I Dmitrieva
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Lanzer
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Davaine
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin Schwartzbeck
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Avram D Walts
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Guo S, Jansen-Olesen I, Olesen J, Christensen SL. Role of PACAP in migraine: An alternative to CGRP? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105946. [PMID: 36481434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a widespread and debilitating neurological condition affecting more than a billion people worldwide. Thus, more effective migraine therapies are highly needed. In the last decade, two endogenous neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), were identified to be implicated in migraine. Recently, introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking the CGRP is the most important advance in migraine therapy for decades. However, 40% of patients are unresponsive to these new drugs. We believe that PACAP may be involved in these patients. Like CGRP, PACAP is located to sensory nerve fibers, it dilates cranial arteries, it causes migraine when infused into patients and it is a peptide that lends itself to antibody therapy. Also, recent studies suggest that the PACAP pathway is independent of the CGRP pathway. Understanding the signaling pathways of PACAP may therefore lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets of particular interest in patients unresponsive to anti-CGRP therapy. Accordingly, neutralizing mAb to PACAP is currently in clinical phase II development. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to give a thorough account of the existing data on PACAP, its receptors and its relation to migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Jansen-Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Louise Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gigic B, van Roekel E, Holowatyj AN, Brezina S, Geijsen AJMR, Ulvik A, Ose J, Koole JL, Damerell V, Kiblawi R, Gumpenberger T, Lin T, Kvalheim G, Koelsch T, Kok DE, van Duijnhoven FJ, Bours MJ, Baierl A, Li CI, Grady W, Vickers K, Habermann N, Schneider M, Kampman E, Ueland PM, Ulrich A, Weijenberg M, Gsur A, Ulrich C. Cohort profile: Biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer recurrence and survival - the FOCUS Consortium. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062930. [PMID: 36549742 PMCID: PMC9772678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overarching goal of the FOCUS (biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and survival) Consortium is to unravel the effect of folate and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) biomarkers on CRC prognosis to provide clinically relevant advice on folate intake to cancer patients and define future tertiary prevention strategies. PARTICIPANTS The FOCUS Consortium is an international, prospective cohort of 2401 women and men above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with a primary invasive non-metastatic (stages I-III) CRC. The consortium comprises patients from Austria, two sites from the Netherlands, Germany and two sites from the USA. Patients are recruited after CRC diagnosis and followed at 6 and 12 months after enrolment. At each time point, sociodemographic data, data on health behaviour and clinical data are collected, blood samples are drawn. FINDINGS TO DATE An increased risk of cancer recurrences was observed among patients with higher compared with lower circulating folic acid concentrations. Furthermore, specific folate species within the FOCM pathway were associated with both inflammation and angiogenesis pathways among patients with CRC. In addition, higher vitamin B6 status was associated with better quality of life at 6 months post-treatment. FUTURE PLANS Better insights into the research on associations between folate and FOCM biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients with CRC will facilitate the development of guidelines regarding folate intake in order to provide clinically relevant advice to patients with cancer, health professionals involved in patient care, and ultimately further tertiary prevention strategies in the future. The FOCUS Consortium offers an excellent infrastructure for short-term and long-term research projects and for combining additional biomarkers and data resulting from the individual cohorts within the next years, for example, microbiome data, omics and multiomics data or CT-quantified body composition data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eline van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreana N Holowatyj
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Anne J M R Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Janna L Koole
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Damerell
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rama Kiblawi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Torsten Koelsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franzel J van Duijnhoven
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christopher I Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Grady
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathy Vickers
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Surgical Department I, Städtische Kliniken Neuss, Lukaskrankenhaus GmbH, Neuss, Germany
| | - Matty Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Cornelia Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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5
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Feng YF, Qin GZ, Jing ZX, Wang YH, Zhou YY. Anaphylaxis effect and substance basis of honeysuckle extract. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:403-409. [PMID: 36118927 PMCID: PMC9476383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the anaphylaxis effect and anaphylaxis substances of honeysuckle. Methods Rat peritoneal mast cells (PMC) were separated and purified, the cells were incubated with compound 48/80 (0.02 g/L), physiological saline and honeysuckle extract (120 g/L) at 37 °C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Degranulation were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Annexin V positive cell rate was detected by flow cytometry to reflect the degranulation rate of PMC. SD rats were supplied with honeysuckle extract by intravenous injection at a dose of 2.25 g/L. After administration, different parameters were analyzed, including the symptoms, histamine (HIS) and tryptase (MCT) levels, which were determined to explore the effect of anaphylaxis. Regression analysis was used to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological effects to explore potentially anaphylactoid components. Results The percentage of Annxin V positive cells and the degranulation ratio were markedly elevated in PMC treated with honeysuckle extract for more than 15 min (P < 0.05). HIS and MCT level were significantly elevated after injection of honeysuckle extract for more than 15 min. Morphology of PMC and systemic symptoms were also changed compared with the controlled group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis was used to calculate the relationship between peaks and pharmacological effects, and to determine peaks 7, 10 and 13 as possible anaphylactoid ingredients. Conclusion This study established a prospective method to clarify the anaphylactoid components of honeysuckle extract, which would provide guidance for screening anaphylactoid components in traditional Chinese medicine injections containing honeysuckle in the prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-fei Feng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guo-zhao Qin
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhong-xu Jing
- Heilongjiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan-hong Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan-yan Zhou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
- Corresponding author.
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Vitte J, Sabato V, Tacquard C, Garvey LH, Michel M, Mertes PM, Ebo DG, Schwartz LB, Castells MC. Use and Interpretation of Acute and Baseline Tryptase in Perioperative Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2994-3005. [PMID: 33746087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paired acute and baseline serum or plasma tryptase sampling and determination have recently been included as a mechanistic approach in the diagnostic and management guidelines of perioperative immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. The timing of this paired sampling is clearly defined in international consensus statements, with the optimal window for acute tryptase sampling between 30 minutes and 2 hours after the initiation of symptoms, whereas baseline tryptase should be measured in a sample collected before the event (preop) or at least 24 hours after all signs and symptoms have resolved. A transient elevation of the acute tryptase level greater than [2 + (1.2 × baseline tryptase level)] supports the involvement and activation of mast cells. Here, we provide the clinical, pathophysiological, and technical rationale for the procedure and interpretation of paired acute and baseline tryptase. Clinical examples, up-to-date knowledge of hereditary α-tryptasemia as a frequent cause of baseline tryptase of 7 μg/L and higher, mastocytosis, other clonal myeloid disorders, cardiovascular or renal failure, and technical improvements resulting in continued lowering of the 95th percentile value are discussed. Clues for improved management of perioperative immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis include (1) sustained dissemination and implementation of updated guidelines; (2) preoperative sample storage for deferred analysis; (3) referral for thorough allergy investigation, screening for mast cell-related disorders, and recommendations for future anesthetic procedures; and (4) sustained collaboration between anesthesiologists, immunologists, and allergists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IDESP, INSERM UMR UA11, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Tacquard
- Nouvel Hôpital Civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, service d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, 1, place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lene H Garvey
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moïse Michel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Paul-Michel Mertes
- Nouvel Hôpital Civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, service d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, 1, place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Mariana C Castells
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Prabhuling SH, Makwana P, Pradeep ANR, Vijayan K, Mishra RK. Release of Mediator Enzyme β-Hexosaminidase and Modulated Gene Expression Accompany Hemocyte Degranulation in Response to Parasitism in the Silkworm Bombyx mori. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:997-1017. [PMID: 33616803 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In insects infections trigger hemocyte-mediated immune reactions including degranulation by exocytosis; however, involvement of mediator enzymes in degranulation process is unknown in insects. We report here that in silkworm Bombyx mori, infection by endoparasitoid Exorista bombycis and microsporidian Nosema bombycis activated granulation in granulocytes and promoted degranulation of accumulated structured granules. During degranulation the mediator lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase showed increased activity and expression of β-hexosaminidase gene was enhanced. The events were confirmed in vitro after incubation of uninfected hemocytes with E. bombycis larval tissue protein. On infection, cytotoxicity marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was released from the hemocytes illustrating cell toxicity. Strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.71) between LDH activity and β-hexosaminidase released after the infection showed parasitic-protein-induced hemocyte damage and accompanied release of the enzymes. Expression of β-hexosaminidase gene was enhanced in early stages after infection followed by down regulation. The expression showed positive correlation (R2 = 0.705) with hexosaminidase activity pattern. B. mori hexosaminidase showed 98% amino acid similarity with that of B. mandarina showing origin from same ancestral gene; however, 45-60% varied from other lepidopterans showing diversity. The observation signifies the less known association of hexosaminidase in degranulation of hemocytes induced by parasitic infection in B. mori and its divergence in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi H Prabhuling
- Seribiotech Research Laboratory, CSB-Kodathi Campus, Carmelaram. P.O, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560035, India
| | - Pooja Makwana
- Seribiotech Research Laboratory, CSB-Kodathi Campus, Carmelaram. P.O, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560035, India.,Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Appukuttan Nair R Pradeep
- Seribiotech Research Laboratory, CSB-Kodathi Campus, Carmelaram. P.O, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560035, India.
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Seribiotech Research Laboratory, CSB-Kodathi Campus, Carmelaram. P.O, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560035, India
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8
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Nasiri S, Salehi A, Rakhshan A. Infiltration of Mast Cells in Scalp Biopsies of Patients with Alopcia Areata or Androgenic Alopecia Versus Healthy Individuals: A Case Control Study. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1962. [PMID: 34466620 PMCID: PMC8343877 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) and androgenic alopecia (AGA) are of the most common types of alopecias. Recently, the role of mastcells in inflammatory diseases has become the focus of many studies. However, few studies have been conducted on their role in AA and AGA. Therefore, our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the presence of mastcells in the AA and AGA specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of AA, AGA, and healthy control were studied (each group with 20 subjects). Patients were randomly selected from those referred to the dermatology clinics of Shahid Beheshti University. Specimens were obtained from the scalp, and perifollicular and perivascular areas were investigated. RESULTS Significantly higher perifollicular and perivascular mastcell counts were seen in both AGA and AA groups as compared to healthy control (P<0.001 for both). Moreover, AA patients had more frequent perivascular mastcells than the AGA group (P=0.042). Among patients aged <40 years, perifollicular and perivascular mastcell counts were not significantly different among three groups; however, subjects over 40 years of age in both groups had significantly more perifollicular and perivascular mastcells than healthy participants. There was a significant positive correlation between disease severity and mast cell counts in both perifollicular and perivascular areas in AA patients (P=0.001 for both). CONCLUSION There is a significantly increased infiltration of mastcells in AA and AGA patients, and this increase is age and severity dependent. Moreover, the increase in mastcell proliferation is more dominant in AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Nasiri
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Rakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Samson KLI, Loh SP, Lee SS, Sulistyoningrum DC, Khor GL, Shariff ZBM, Ismai IZ, Yelland LN, Leemaqz S, Makrides M, Hutcheon JA, Roche ML, Karakochuk CD, Green TJ. Weekly iron-folic acid supplements containing 2.8 mg folic acid are associated with a lower risk of neural tube defects than the current practice of 0.4 mg: a randomised controlled trial in Malaysia. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003897. [PMID: 33272946 PMCID: PMC7716666 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weekly iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements are recommended for all menstruating women in countries where anaemia prevalence is >20%. Anaemia caused by folate deficiency is low worldwide, and the need to include folic acid is in question. Including folic acid might reduce the risk of a neural tube defect (NTD) should a woman become pregnant. Most weekly supplements contain 0.4 mg folic acid; however, WHO recommends 2.8 mg because it is seven times the daily dose effective in reducing NTDs. There is a reluctance to switch to supplements containing 2.8 mg of folic acid because of a lack of evidence that this dose would prevent NTDs. Our aim was to investigate the effect of two doses of folic acid, compared with placebo, on red blood cell (RBC) folate, a biomarker of NTD risk. METHODS We conducted a three-arm double-blind efficacy trial in Malaysia. Non-pregnant women (n=331) were randomised to receive 60 mg iron and either 0, 0.4, or 2.8 mg folic acid once weekly for 16 weeks. RESULTS At 16 weeks, women receiving 0.4 mg and 2.8 mg folic acid per week had a higher mean RBC folate than those receiving 0 mg (mean difference (95% CI) 84 (54 to 113) and 355 (316 to 394) nmol/L, respectively). Women receiving 2.8 mg folic acid had a 271 (234 to 309) nmol/L greater mean RBC folate than those receiving 0.4 mg. Moreover, women in the 2.8 mg group were seven times (RR 7.3, 95% CI 3.9 to 13.7; p<0.0001) more likely to achieve an RBC folate >748 nmol/L, a concentration associated with a low risk of NTD, compared with the 0.4 mg group. CONCLUSION Weekly IFA supplements containing 2.8 mg folic acid increases RBC folate more than those containing 0.4 mg. Increased availability and access to the 2.8 mg formulation is needed. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619000818134).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn L I Samson
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Siew Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dian C Sulistyoningrum
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geok Lin Khor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Irmi Zarina Ismai
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lisa N Yelland
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy J Green
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Huang XJ, Wang DG, Ye LC, Li J, Akhtar M, Saleem S, Shi ZH, Ihsan A. Sodium aescinate and its bioactive components induce degranulation via oxidative stress in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:413-424. [PMID: 32905118 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA) is a vital salt of sodium escin from Aesculus wilsonii Rehd seeds. SA injection (SAI) has received great success in treating cerebral edema, venous reflux disease and other inflammatory conditions. Recently, high incidences of immediate hypersensitivity reactions were reported after SA infusion, which raised questions on safety and risk associated with its clinical application. This study was designed to check whether SAI and its four components induce degranulation using RBL-2H3 mast cells. For this purpose, we evaluated different treatment levels of SAI (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml-1) and its four characteristic components, SA-A, SA-B, SA-C and SA-D, at 60 μg ml-1 in different tests including cell viability test, β-hexosaminidase and histamine assays, oxidative stress indices, apoptosis analysis and intracellular calcium ions in RBL-2H3 cells. Our results demonstrated that SAI at 80 μg ml-1 and 100 μg ml-1, and its two components (SA-B and SA-D) at 60 μg ml-1 were responsible for disturbing cell morphology and cell viability, elevated levels of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, modulation of oxidative stress indices, induced apoptosis and increase in intracellular calcium ions in RBL-2H3 cells, when compared with the control. Our results demonstrated for the first time that SAI was more likely to induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions attributable to degranulation via oxidative stress caused by SA-B and SA-D components. These results would not only be useful for the safety of end user but also for the industry to improve the quality of SA infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road, 708 Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Da Gui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road, 708 Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chun Ye
- Research Center of Wuhan Aimin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Gedian Economic Development Zone, Ezhou 436070, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road, 708 Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Shahzad Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, COMSATS road, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Zhao-Hua Shi
- Research Center of Wuhan Aimin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Gedian Economic Development Zone, Ezhou 436070, P.R. China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road, 708 Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, COMSATS road, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
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11
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Shelestak J, Singhal N, Frankle L, Tomor R, Sternbach S, McDonough J, Freeman E, Clements R. Increased blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability coincides with mast cell activation early under cuprizone administration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234001. [PMID: 32511268 PMCID: PMC7279587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone induced animal model of demyelination is characterized by demyelination in many regions of the brain with high levels of demyelination in the corpus callosum as well as changes in neuronal function by 4–6 weeks of exposure. The model is used as a tool to study demyelination and subsequent degeneration as well as therapeutic interventions on these effects. Historically, the cuprizone model has been shown to contain no alterations to blood-brain barrier integrity, a key feature in many diseases that affect the central nervous system. Cuprizone is generally administered for 4–6 weeks to obtain maximal demyelination and degeneration. However, emerging evidence has shown that the effects of cuprizone on the brain may occur earlier than measurable gross demyelination. This study sought to investigate changes to blood-brain barrier permeability early in cuprizone administration. Results showed an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and changes in tight junction protein expression as early as 3 days after beginning cuprizone treatment. These changes preceded glial morphological activation and demyelination known to occur during cuprizone administration. Increases in mast cell presence and activity were measured alongside the increased permeability implicating mast cells as a potential source for the blood-brain barrier disruption. These results provide further evidence of blood-brain barrier alterations in the cuprizone model and a target of therapeutic intervention in the prevention of cuprizone-induced pathology. Understanding how mast cells become activated under cuprizone and if they contribute to blood-brain barrier alterations may give further insight into how and when the blood-brain barrier is affected in CNS diseases. In summary, cuprizone administration causes an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and this permeability coincides with mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Shelestak
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Naveen Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lana Frankle
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Riely Tomor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ernest Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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12
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Characteristics and Treatment of Anaphylaxis in Children Visiting a Pediatric Emergency Department in Korea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2014104. [PMID: 32190654 PMCID: PMC7064841 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a serious life-threatening allergic disease in children. This study is aimed at determining the characteristics of pediatric patients who experienced anaphylaxis along with treatments administered in order to determine the usefulness of tryptase level assessment as a marker of anaphylaxis in Korean children. A total of 107 patients who were diagnosed with anaphylaxis in a single pediatric emergency center over a 3-year period were included in the study. Patient clinical characteristics, symptoms, signs, allergy history, trigger factors, treatments, and laboratory findings, including serum tryptase levels, were included in the analysis. Food allergies (39.3%) were the most commonly reported patient allergic history, and 58 patients (54.2%) were triggered by food. Among this group, nuts and milk exposure were the most common, affecting 15 patients (25.9%). History of anaphylaxis and asthma were more common in severe anaphylaxis compared to mild or moderate anaphylaxis cases. Epinephrine intramuscular injection was administrated to 76 patients (71.0%), and a self-injectable epinephrine was prescribed to 18 patients (16.8%). The median tryptase level was 4.80 ng/mL (range: 2.70-10.40) which was lower than the 11.4 ng/mL value commonly documented for standard evaluation in adults with anaphylaxis. The most common cause of pediatric anaphylaxis was food including nuts and milk. The rate of epinephrine injection was relatively high in our pediatric emergency department. The median tryptase level associated with anaphylaxis reactions in children was lower than 11.4 ng/mL. Further studies are needed to help improve diagnostic times and treatment accuracy in pediatric patients who develop anaphylaxis.
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13
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Chi Z, Xu J, Saxena R. Increased Mast Cell Counts and Degranulation in Microscopic Colitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:9089027. [PMID: 32148478 PMCID: PMC7057011 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9089027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microscopic colitis (MC) is characterized by chronic diarrhea, normal colonoscopy findings, and mucosal inflammation in colonic biopsies and can be classified as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). However, the pathogenesis of MC is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to study mast cell counts and activation in MC. METHODS We investigated 64 biopsy samples from the surgical pathology database of Indiana University Health, which met the diagnostic criteria for CC or LC along with 20 control samples collected from 2014 to 2015. The specimens were used for the quantification of mast cells by examining the presence of intracellular and extracellular tryptase by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the lamina propria, the mast cell count was higher in both CC and LC groups than the control (mean highest count, 39/high-power field (HPF) vs. 30/HPF vs. 23/HPF; P < 0.01). Extracellular tryptase was present in 10% of control subjects as compared to 41% of CC (P < 0.01). Extracellular tryptase was present in 10% of control subjects as compared to 41% of CC (P < 0.01). Extracellular tryptase was present in 10% of control subjects as compared to 41% of CC (. CONCLUSIONS The increased mast cell count and degranulation are identified in MC, suggesting that mast cell activation might be involved in the pathogenesis of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Chi
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Romil Saxena
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Immunological response to bacterial infection in a pelagic tunicate: Inflammation in the salp Thalia democratica. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 159:28-40. [PMID: 30359568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thaliaceans are pelagic tunicates that play a key role in trophic chains of the oceans. In the field of tunicate immunity, a notable gap is the lack of data on their inflammatory response. The common salp, Thalia democratica, possesses scant immunocytes, represented by a phagocytic line (hyaline amebocytes) and a mast cell-like line (granular cells). We aimed to provide the first investigation of defense reactions upon exposure to a large amount of bacteria (Bacillus clausii). We detected (i) bacterial phagocytosis by hyaline amebocytes, (ii) degradation of phagocytizing hyaline amebocytes in the tunic after transcellular diapedesis from the hemocoel, and (iii) release of heparin, histamine, and TNF-α by granular cells. Cell degranulation and phagocytosis occurred in epidermal cells lining the hemocoel, and an excess of mucus was observed in the post-branchial gut, causing a functional inhibition of cilia and microvilli. These findings indicate multi-step events comparable to an inflammation involving responses at both tissue and organismal levels.
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15
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Phenotypes, endotypes and biomarkers in anaphylaxis: current insights. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 18:370-376. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Vollesen LH, Guo S, Andersen MR, Ashina M. Effect of the H1-antihistamine clemastine on PACAP38 induced migraine. Cephalalgia 2018; 39:597-607. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102418798611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of the H1-antihistamine clemastine on the migraine-inducing abilities of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled two-way cross-over study. Twenty migraine without aura patients were randomly allocated to receive bolus clemastine 2 mg (1 mg/ml) or bolus saline 2 ml intravenously over 2 min on two study days. Following each bolus injection, 10 pmol/kg/min of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 was administered intravenously over 20 min. We recorded migraine/headache characteristics every 10 min until 90 min after the start of infusion, and collected blood to investigate mast cell degranulation and the inflammation markers tryptase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha before and after infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38. Results After clemastine pretreatment, five out of 20 participants developed a migraine-like attack in response to a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion compared to nine out of 20 after placebo pretreatment ( p = 0.288). Following clemastine pretreatment, 15 out of 20 participants reported headache in response to a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion, whereas 19 out of 20 participants did so following placebo pretreatment ( p = 0.221). We found no difference in area under the curve 12 h for headache intensity between the two experimental days ( p = 0.481). We found no difference in area under the curve 180 min for tryptase ( p = 0.525) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( p = 0.487) between clemastine and placebo pretreatment days. Conclusion H1-antihistamine, clemastine, failed to prevent migraine or headache after pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion, thus making a role for histamine release or mast cell degranulation in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38-induced migraine less likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Haulund Vollesen
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Song Guo
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Rohr Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Yang Y, Kong B, Jung Y, Park JB, Oh JM, Hwang J, Cho JY, Kweon DH. Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor-Derived Peptides for Regulation of Mast Cell Degranulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:725. [PMID: 29696021 PMCID: PMC5904360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle-associated V-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and target membrane-associated T-SNAREs (syntaxin 4 and SNAP-23) assemble into a core trans-SNARE complex that mediates membrane fusion during mast cell degranulation. This complex plays pivotal roles at various stages of exocytosis from the initial priming step to fusion pore opening and expansion, finally resulting in the release of the vesicle contents. In this study, peptides with the sequences of various SNARE motifs were investigated for their potential inhibitory effects against SNARE complex formation and mast cell degranulation. The peptides with the sequences of the N-terminal regions of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and VAMP8 were found to reduce mast cell degranulation by inhibiting SNARE complex formation. The fusion of protein transduction domains to the N-terminal of each peptide enabled the internalization of the fusion peptides into the cells equally as efficiently as cell permeabilization by streptolysin-O without any loss of their inhibitory activities. Distinct subsets of mast cell granules could be selectively regulated by the N-terminal-mimicking peptides derived from VAMP2 and VAMP8, and they effectively decreased the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in mouse models. These results suggest that the cell membrane fusion machinery may represent a therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Division for Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Bum Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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18
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Ashina H, Guo S, Vollesen ALH, Ashina M. PACAP38 in human models of primary headaches. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 29453754 PMCID: PMC5815979 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To review the role of PACAP38 in human models of primary headaches, discuss possible mechanisms of PACAP38-induced migraine, and outline future directions. Discussion Experimental studies have established PACAP38 as a potent pharmacological “trigger” molecule of migraine-like attacks. These studies have also revealed a heterogeneous PACAP38 migraine response in migraine without aura patients. In addition, findings from brain imaging studies have demonstrated neuronal and vascular changes in migraine patients both ictally and interictally after PACAP38 infusion. Conclusion Human migraine models have shed light on the importance of PACAP38 in the pathophysiology of primary headaches. These studies have also pointed to the PAC1 receptor and the PACAP38 molecule itself as target sites for drug testing. Future research should seek to understand the mechanisms underlying PACAP38-induced migraine. The results from an ongoing proof of concept randomized clinical trial may reveal the therapeutic potential of anti-PAC1 receptor antibodies for migraine prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne L H Vollesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Rodarte EM, Ramos MA, Davalos AJ, Moreira DC, Moreno DS, Cardenas EI, Rodarte AI, Petrova Y, Molina S, Rendon LE, Sanchez E, Breaux K, Tortoriello A, Manllo J, Gonzalez EA, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF, Burns AR, Heidelberger R, Adachi R. Munc13 proteins control regulated exocytosis in mast cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:345-358. [PMID: 29141910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are involved in host defenses against pathogens and inflammation. Stimulated MCs release substances stored in their granules via regulated exocytosis. In other cell types, Munc13 (mammalian homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans uncoordinated gene 13) proteins play essential roles in regulated exocytosis. Here, we found that MCs express Munc13-2 and -4, and we studied their roles using global and conditional knock-out (KO) mice. In a model of systemic anaphylaxis, we found no difference between WT and Munc13-2 KO mice, but global and MC-specific Munc13-4 KO mice developed less hypothermia. This protection correlated with lower plasma histamine levels and with histological evidence of defective MC degranulation but not with changes in MC development, distribution, numbers, or morphology. In vitro assays revealed that the defective response in Munc13-4-deficient MCs was limited to regulated exocytosis, leaving other MC secretory effector responses intact. Single cell capacitance measurements in MCs from mouse mutants differing in Munc13-4 expression levels in their MCs revealed that as levels of Munc13-4 decrease, the rate of exocytosis declines first, and then the total amount of exocytosis decreases. A requirement for Munc13-2 in MC exocytosis was revealed only in the absence of Munc13-4. Electrophysiology and EM studies uncovered that the number of multigranular compound events (i.e. granule-to-granule homotypic fusion) was severely reduced in the absence of Munc13-4. We conclude that although Munc13-2 plays a minor role, Munc13-4 is essential for regulated exocytosis in MCs, and that this MC effector response is required for a full anaphylactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Rodarte
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alfredo J Davalos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - David S Moreno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Eduardo I Cardenas
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Alejandro I Rodarte
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Youlia Petrova
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sofia Molina
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Luis E Rendon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Elizabeth Sanchez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keegan Breaux
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alejandro Tortoriello
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - John Manllo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Erika A Gonzalez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, México
| | - Michael J Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alan R Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Ruth Heidelberger
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roberto Adachi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.
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21
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Abstract
Aim To review the available literature pertaining to fatalities following vaccine administration and, in particular, cases of vaccine-related fatal anaphylaxis. Method The MEDLINE database was systematically searched up to March 2016 to identify all relevant articles pertaining to fatal cases of anaphylaxis following vaccine administration. Results Six papers pertaining to fatal anaphylaxis following vaccination were found relevant. Mast cell tryptase and total IgE concentration was assessed exclusively in one case. Laryngeal edema was not detected in any of these cases, whereas eosinophil or mast cell infiltration was observed in lymphoid organs. In one case, immunohistochemical investigations using anti-tryptase antibodies allowed pulmonary mast cells and degranulating mast cells with tryptase-positive material outside to be identified. Conclusion In any suspected IgE-mediated fatal anaphylactic cases, biochemical investigations should be systematically performed for forensic purposes. Splenic tissue should be routinely sampled for immunohistochemical investigations in all suspected anaphylaxis-related deaths and mast cell/eosinophil infiltrations should be systematically sought out in the spleen, myocardium, and coronary artery wall. The hypothesis of fatal anaphylaxis following vaccination should be formulated exclusively when circumstantial data, available medical records, laboratory investigations, and autopsy or histology findings converge in a consistent pattern. The reasonable exclusion of alternative causes of death after all postmortem investigations is also imperative in order to establish or rule out a cause-and-effect relationship between vaccine administration and any presumptive temporarily-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- Cristian Palmiere, CURML, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland,
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22
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Knipping K, Knippels LMJ, Dupont C, Garssen J. Serum biomarkers for allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:114-123. [PMID: 27590735 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies investigating various biomarkers for allergy have been published over the past decades. The aim of this review was to evaluate these biomarkers on their diagnostic and/or predictive value. To this date, no single or specific biomarker for allergy has been identified. As allergy is not one disease, but a collection of a number of allergic conditions, it is more plausible a combination of clinical history, clinical readouts, and diagnostic markers will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Knipping
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Léon M J Knippels
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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23
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Vukman KV, Försönits A, Oszvald Á, Tóth EÁ, Buzás EI. Mast cell secretome: Soluble and vesicular components. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 67:65-73. [PMID: 28189858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional master cells implicated in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Their role has been best characterized in allergy and anaphylaxis; however, emerging evidences support their contribution to a wide variety of human diseases. Mast cells, being capable of both degranulation and subsequent recovery, have recently attracted substantial attention as also being rich sources of secreted extracellular vesicles (including exosomes and microvesicles). Along with secreted de novo synthesized soluble molecules and secreted preformed granules, the membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles represent a previously unexplored part of the mast cell secretome. In this review article we summarize available data regarding the different soluble molecules and membrane-enclosed structures secreted by mast cells. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the release mechanisms including degranulation, piecemeal degranulation, transgranulation, and secretion of different types of extracellular vesicles. Finally, we aim to give a summary of the known biological functions associated with the different mast cell-derived secretion products. The increasingly recognized complexity of mast cell secretome may provide important novel clues to processes by which mast cells contribute to the development of different pathologies and are capable of orchestrating immune responses both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina V Vukman
- Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Försönits
- Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Oszvald
- Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Á Tóth
- Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Grace SA, Sutton AM, Abraham N, Armbrecht ES, Vidal CI. Presence of Mast Cells and Mast Cell Degranulation in Scalp Biopsies of Telogen Effluvium. Int J Trichology 2017; 9:25-29. [PMID: 28761261 PMCID: PMC5514792 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_43_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telogen effluvium (TE) is a type of acquired, diffuse alopecia that occurs due to an abnormal shift of scalp hair follicles from anagen to telogen, leading to premature shedding of hair. Previous studies have suggested the existence of a neuroimmunologic "brain-hair follicle" axis, in which mast cells have been implicated as an important link between the nervous system and immunologic system. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the role of mast cell presence and mast cell degranulation in the pathogenesis of TE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mast cells were counted using Giemsa and tryptase immunohistochemical stains in scalp biopsy specimens with the pathologic diagnosis of TE (TE, n = 10), alopecia areata (AA, n = 7), and androgenic alopecia (ANDRO, n = 9). RESULTS We found significant (P < 0.001) group-level differences between the mean mast cell counts per high-power fields for each type of alopecia studied. Tukey post hoc analysis showed the mean mast cell count for TE to be significantly larger than AA for both Giemsa (P = 0.002) and tryptase (P = 0.006); significantly larger than ANDRO for both Giemsa (P < 0.001) and tryptase (P < 0.001); and significantly larger when compared to normal scalp skin for both Giemsa (P < 0.001) and tryptase (P < 0.001). No significant difference of mean mast cell counts was observed for AA compared to ANDRO for Giemsa (P = 0.373) or tryptase (P = 0.598) stains. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mast cells could play a role in mediating stress-induced hair loss seen in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Grace
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela M Sutton
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nina Abraham
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric S Armbrecht
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claudia I Vidal
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Wang YX, Xue DT, Liu M, Zhou ZM, Shang J. A novel arctigenin-containing latex glove prevents latex allergy by inhibiting type I/IV allergic reactions. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:185-95. [PMID: 27025365 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at developing a natural compound with anti-allergic effect and stability under latex glove manufacturing conditions and investigating whether its anti-allergic effect is maintained after its addition into the latex. The effects of nine natural compounds on growth of the RBL-2H3 cells and mouse primary spleen lymphocytes were determined using MTT assay. The compounds included glycyrrhizin, osthole, tetrandrine, tea polyphenol, catechin, arctigenin, oleanolic acid, baicalin and oxymatrine. An ELISA assay was used for the in vitro anti-type I/IV allergy screening; in this process β-hexosaminidase, histamine, and IL-4 released from RBL-2H3 cell lines and IFN-γ and IL-2 released from mouse primary spleen lymphocytes were taken as screening indices. The physical stability of eight natural compounds and the dissolubility of arctigenin, selected based on the in vitro pharnacodynamaic screening and the stability evaluation, were detected by HPLC. The in vivo pharmacodynamic confirmation of arctigenin and final latex product was evaluated with a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model and an allergen-specific skin response model. Nine natural compounds showed minor growth inhibition on RBL-2H3 cells and mouse primary spleen lymphocytes. Baicalin and arctigenin had the best anti-type I and IV allergic effects among the natural compounds based on the in vitro pharmacodynamic screening. Arctigenin and catechin had the best physical stability under different manufacturing conditions. Arctigenin was the selected for further evaluation and proven to have anti-type I and IV allergic effects in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The final product of the arctigenin-containing latex glove had anti-type I and IV allergic effects in vivo which were mainly attributed to arctigenin as proved from the dissolubility results. Arctigenin showed anti-type I and IV allergic effects in vitro and in vivo, with a good stability under latex glove manufacturing conditions, and a persistent anti-allergic effect after being added into the latex to prevent latex allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Ting Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Min Zhou
- Jiangsu Guotai International Group Cooperation, Zhangjiagang 215600, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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26
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Determination of specific IgE in pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids in forensic casework. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 267:204-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of atractylone on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Romero SA, McCord JL, Ely MR, Sieck DC, Buck TM, Luttrell MJ, MacLean DA, Halliwill JR. Mast cell degranulation and de novo histamine formation contribute to sustained postexercise vasodilation in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:603-610. [PMID: 27562843 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00633.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute aerobic exercise elicits a sustained postexercise vasodilation within previously active skeletal muscle. This response is dependent on activation of histamine H1 and H2 receptors, but the source of intramuscular histamine remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that interstitial histamine in skeletal muscle would be increased with exercise and would be dependent on de novo formation via the inducible enzyme histidine decarboxylase and/or mast cell degranulation. Subjects performed 1 h of unilateral dynamic knee-extension exercise or sham (seated rest). We measured the interstitial histamine concentration and local blood flow (ethanol washout) via skeletal muscle microdialysis of the vastus lateralis. In some probes, we infused either α-fluoromethylhistidine hydrochloride (α-FMH), a potent inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, or histamine H1/H2-receptor blockers. We also measured interstitial tryptase concentrations, a biomarker of mast cell degranulation. Compared with preexercise, histamine was increased after exercise by a change (Δ) of 4.2 ± 1.8 ng/ml (P < 0.05), but not when α-FMH was administered (Δ-0.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml, P = 0.9). Likewise, local blood flow after exercise was reduced to preexercise levels by both α-FMH and H1/H2 blockade. In addition, tryptase was elevated during exercise by Δ6.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that interstitial histamine in skeletal muscle increases with exercise and results from both de novo formation and mast cell degranulation. This suggests that exercise produces an anaphylactoid signal, which affects recovery, and may influence skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow to previously active skeletal muscle remains elevated following an acute bout of aerobic exercise and is dependent on activation of histamine H1 and H2 receptors. The intramuscular source of histamine that drives this response to exercise has not been identified. Using intramuscular microdialysis in exercising humans, we show both mast cell degranulation and formation of histamine by histidine decarboxylase contributes to the histamine-mediated vasodilation that occurs following a bout of aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Romero
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | - Jennifer L McCord
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | - Matthew R Ely
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | - Dylan C Sieck
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | - Tahisha M Buck
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | | | - David A MacLean
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Halliwill
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
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Cecchi R. Diagnosis of anaphylactic death in forensics: Review and future perspectives. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 22:75-81. [PMID: 27591544 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of anaphylaxis in a pre- or post-mortal phase involves the formulation of problems not yet solved by the international scientific literature, due to the complexity of pathogenic factors and pathophysiological processes that characterizes it. For forensic autopsies, further problems of differential diagnosis arise and often leave the forensic pathologist unable to express an opinion of certainty, as a result of lack of case history, circumstantial and autoptical-histopathological data. Nevertheless, in routine cases the postmortem diagnosis of anaphylactic death continues to be based on exclusion and circumstantial evidence. The author, after an extensive review of the literature relating to deaths from anaphylaxis of forensic pathological interest, and a discussion of the microscopical and biochemical findings, proposes a diagnostic protocol for forensic purposes and evaluates the diagnostic perspectives enabled by the newly available analytic techniques and markers. Maybe, the application of omics methodologies could help in the future for anaphylaxis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Cecchi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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30
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Min YW, Rhee PL. Esophageal hypersensitivity in noncardiac chest pain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1380:27-32. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Won Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Poong-Lyul Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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González-de-Olano D, Lombardo C, González-Mancebo E. The difficult management of anaphylaxis in the elderly. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 16:352-60. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Tryptase levels in children presenting with anaphylaxis: Temporal trends and associated factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1138-1142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to describe the current knowledge regarding mediators involved in anaphylactic reactions, with a special focus on key effector cells and mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS New insight into the potential relevance of pathways other than mast cell degranulation has been unravelled, such as the role of cytokines, platelet activation factor, lipid mediators and their metabolism or the activation of the contact system. SUMMARY Gaining knowledge into these pathophysiologic mechanisms will allow researchers to pursue the identification of risk factors and new preventive and therapeutic strategies in anaphylaxis.
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Sala-Cunill A, Guilarte M. The Role of Mast Cells Mediators in Angioedema Without Wheals. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-015-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Angiœdema (AE) is the clinical expression of urticaria (U) which occurs when urticaria is located within the subcutis. It is a syndrome characterized by a sudden and limited subcutaneous and/or submucous swelling. The updated classification of urticaria distinguishes acute and chronic urticaria. Chronic urticaria is spontaneous (CSU) or inducible (CIU). Angioedema in chronic urticaria is rarely allergic, but most of the time caused by a non-specific histamine release from activated mast-cell (non IgE mediated reaction). Angioedemas are recurrent, concomitant or not with wheals. They appear skin-coloured, sometimes slightly rosy, non-inflammatory, and more painful than itchy. They are transient, ephemeral, migrant, last most of the time a few hours (< 24 or 48h) and disappear without after-effects. They are considered "deep urticaria" and wheals "superficial urticaria". When AE or wheals last more than 6 weeks (with or without free intermission), it is called chronic urticaria. Angioedema can be elicited or worsened by physical factors (cold urticaria, exercise, heat, solar, vibratory, aquagenic, delayed pressure urticaria…) and /or drugs (as aspirin, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, morphine, antibiotics…). The treatment of histaminergic angioedemas of chronic urticaria is based on modern second generation antihistamines (anti H1). In allergic acute urticaria only, additional treatment for anaphylaxis can be used if needed (grade 2 to 4). In chronic urticaria, steroids should be avoided : they can make symptoms worse and long-lasting because of corticosteroid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boccon-Gibod
- Centre national de référence des angioedèmes (CREAK), CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Nord, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France; Clinique universitaire de médecine interne, Pôle pluridisciplinaire de médecine, CHU de Grenoble - Hôpital Albert Michallon, BP 217, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - L Bouillet
- Centre national de référence des angioedèmes (CREAK), CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Nord, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France; Clinique universitaire de médecine interne, Pôle pluridisciplinaire de médecine, CHU de Grenoble - Hôpital Albert Michallon, BP 217, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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36
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Weaver JL, Boyne M, Pang E, Chimalakonda K, Howard KE. Nonclinical evaluation of the potential for mast cell activation by an erythropoietin analog. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:246-52. [PMID: 26079829 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The erythropoietin analog peginesatide was withdrawn from marketing due to unexpected severe anaphylactic reactions associated with administration of the multi-use formulation. The adverse events occurred rapidly following the first ever administration of the drug with most affected patients becoming symptomatic in less than 30min. This is most consistent with an anaphylactoid reaction due to direct activation of mast cells. Laboratory evaluation was undertaken using rat peritoneal mast cells as the model system. Initial studies showed that high concentrations of the formulated drug as well as formulated vehicle alone could cause mast cell degranulation as measured by histamine release. The purified active drug was not able to cause histamine release whereas the vehicle filtrate and lab created drug vehicle were equally potent at causing histamine release. Individual formulations of vehicle leaving one component out showed that histamine release was due to phenol. Dose response studies with phenol showed a very sharp dose response curve that was similar in three buffer systems. Cellular analysis by flow cytometry showed that the histamine release was not due to cell death, and that changes in light scatter parameters consistent with degranulation were rapidly observed. Limited testing with primary human mast cells showed a similar dose response of histamine release with exposure to phenol. To provide in vivo confirmation, rats were injected with vehicle formulated with various concentrations of phenol via a jugular vein cannula. Significant release of histamine was detected in blood samples taken 2min after dosing at the highest concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Weaver
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, OCP/OTS/CDER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Boyne
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, OTR/OPQ/CDER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Eric Pang
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, OCP/OTS/CDER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Krishna Chimalakonda
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, OCP/OTS/CDER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Kristina E Howard
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, OCP/OTS/CDER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Vysniauskaite M, Hertfelder HJ, Oldenburg J, Dreßen P, Brettner S, Homann J, Molderings GJ. Determination of plasma heparin level improves identification of systemic mast cell activation disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124912. [PMID: 25909362 PMCID: PMC4409380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of mast cell activation disease (MCAD), i.e. systemic mastocytosis (SM) and idiopathic systemic mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), usually requires demonstration of increased mast cell (MC) mediator release. Since only a few MC mediators are currently established as biomarkers of MCAD, the sensitivity of plasma heparin level (pHL) as an indicator of increased MC activation was compared with that of serum tryptase, chromogranin A and urinary N-methylhistamine levels in 257 MCAD patients. Basal pHL had a sensitivity of 41% in MCAS patients and 27% in SM patients. Non-pharmacologic stimulation of MC degranulation by obstruction of venous flow for 10 minutes increased the sensitivity of pHL in MCAS patients to 59% and in SM patients to 47%. In MCAS patients tryptase, chromogranin A, and N-methylhistamine levels exhibited low sensitivities (10%, 12%, and 22%, respectively), whereas sensitivities for SM were higher (73%, 63%, and 43%, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest pHL appears more sensitive than the other mediators for detecting systemic MC activity in patients with MCAS. The simple, brief venous occlusion test appears to be a useful indicator of the presence of pathologically irritable MCs, at least in the obstructed compartment of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Vysniauskaite
- Institute of Exp. Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Hertfelder
- Institute of Exp. Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Exp. Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dreßen
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Franziskus Hospital, Eitorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Brettner
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, County Hospital, Waldbröl, Germany
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Jaafari-Ashkavandi Z, Khademi B, Akbari S, Malekzadeh M. Serum level of mast cell tryptase in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: lack of correlation with clinicopathologic factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2955-8. [PMID: 23803060 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells can influence tumor progression via different pathways and increased mast cell density has been demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It has been shown that the serum tryptase level is elevated with some malignant tumours and may thus be a useful parameter. However, there are no data available about OSCC. The main aim of this study was the evaluation of mast cell tryptase (MCT) level in OSCC patient serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional, analytic study, the circulating levels of MCT were assessed in sera of 55 OSCC patients and 34 healthy individuals with ELISA technique. RESULTS The serum MCT level in OSCC patients was 12-14 ng/ml, which was not significantly higher than the healthy control group. While the serum level of MCT was higher with larger tumours, there was no apparent correlation with clinico-pathological features such as patient age, gender, tumor location, stage, nodal status, distant metastasis, histological grade and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that despite the results obtained from studies of other malignant tumors, serum level of MCT in OSCC patients could not be a credited as a reliable indicator of the presence or progression of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Moon TC, Befus AD, Kulka M. Mast cell mediators: their differential release and the secretory pathways involved. Front Immunol 2014; 5:569. [PMID: 25452755 PMCID: PMC4231949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are widely distributed throughout the body and are common at mucosal surfaces, a major host-environment interface. MC are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous depending on the microenvironment in which they mature. Although MC have been classically viewed as effector cells of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, they are also recognized as important in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. MC activation can induce release of pre-formed mediators such as histamine from their granules, as well as release of de novo synthesized lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines that play diverse roles, not only in allergic reactions but also in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Indeed, MC release their mediators in a discriminating and chronological manner, depending upon the stimuli involved and their signaling cascades (e.g., IgE-mediated or Toll-like receptor-mediated). However, the precise mechanisms underlying differential mediator release in response to these stimuli are poorly known. This review summarizes our knowledge of MC mediators and will focus on what is known about the discriminatory release of these mediators dependent upon diverse stimuli, MC phenotypes, and species of origin, as well as on the intracellular synthesis, storage, and secretory processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. Dean Befus
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Improved Identification by Combined Determinations of Serum Tryptase and 24-Hour Urine 11β-Prostaglandin2α. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2014; 2:775-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sznurkowska K, Plata-Nazar K, Sikorska-Wiśniewska G, Gruszczyńska I, Renke J, Niedoszytko M, Gleń J, Kamińska B. Serum Concentrations of Tryptase in Children. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2014; 27:70-74. [PMID: 35923014 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2013.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mast cells are dispersed in many tissues, especially in digestive and respiratory-tract mucosal membranes. Tryptase, considered a marker of mast-cell activity, is the most important protease released from these cells during degranulation. Tryptase concentration is mainly accessed in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis, being one diagnostic criteria of this disease. There are no data concerning tryptase activity in healthy children in the current literature. Aim: The aims of this study were the analysis of concentrations of serum tryptase in healthy children, and determining reference values of the enzyme at different developmental ages. Materials and methods: The investigated group consisted of 131 healthy children (75 girls, 56 boys) aged 3 months-18 years. The concentration of tryptase in the studied samples was evaluated by the fluoro-immuno-enzymatic method with UniCAP. Results: The mean concentration of serum tryptase in the studied group was 2.8±2.2 ng/dL: 2.5±2.2 ng/dL in girls and 3.2±2.1 ng/dL in boys. Conclusion: The upper reference limit of 7.2 ng/dL was lower than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sznurkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Plata-Nazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sikorska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilona Gruszczyńska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Renke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kamińska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Amin FM, Hougaard A, Schytz HW, Asghar MS, Lundholm E, Parvaiz AI, de Koning PJH, Andersen MR, Larsson HBW, Fahrenkrug J, Olesen J, Ashina M. Investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine attacks induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38. Brain 2014; 137:779-94. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Overed-Sayer C, Rapley L, Mustelin T, Clarke DL. Are mast cells instrumental for fibrotic diseases? Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:174. [PMID: 24478701 PMCID: PMC3896884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of lung fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition, ultimately leading to compromised tissue architecture and lung function capacity. IPF has a heterogeneous clinical course; however the median survival after diagnosis is only 3–5 years. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry has made many attempts to find effective treatments for IPF, but the disease has so far defied all attempts at therapeutic intervention. Clinical trial failures may arise for many reasons, including disease heterogeneity, lack of readily measurable clinical end points other than overall survival, and, perhaps most of all, a lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the progression of IPF. The precise link between inflammation and fibrosis remains unclear, but it appears that immune cells can promote fibrosis by releasing fibrogenic factors. So far, however, therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages, neutrophils, or lymphocytes have failed to alter disease pathogenesis. A new cell to garner research interest in fibrosis is the mast cell. Increased numbers of mast cells have long been known to be present in pulmonary fibrosis and clinically correlations between mast cells and fibrosis have been reported. More recent data suggests that mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process by stimulating fibroblasts resident in the lung, thus driving the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mast cell and its physiological role in tissue repair and remodeling, as well as its pathological role in fibrotic diseases such as IPF, where the process of tissue repair and remodeling is thought to be dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rapley
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah L Clarke
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd Cambridge, UK
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Haidl G, Duan YG, Chen SJ, Kohn FM, Schuppe HC, Allam JP. The role of mast cells in male infertility. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:627-34. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Palmiere C, Comment L, Mangin P. Allergic reactions following contrast material administration: nomenclature, classification, and mechanisms. Int J Legal Med 2013; 128:95-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Periyalil HA, Gibson PG, Wood LG. Immunometabolism in obese asthmatics: are we there yet? Nutrients 2013; 5:3506-30. [PMID: 24025484 PMCID: PMC3798918 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as a worldwide epidemic. The recent International Association for the Study of Obesity/International Obesity Taskforce (IASO/IOTF) analysis estimates that approximately 1.0 billion adults are currently overweight and a further 475 million are obese. Obesity has huge psychosocial impact with obese children and adolescents facing discrimination and stigmatization in many areas of their lives leading to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and depression. Indeed, obesity is recognised as an important risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases such as hypertension, cancer, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of obesity and may possibly explain the link between obesity and chronic disease, in particular the increased incidence, prevalence and severity of asthma in obese individuals. There is now strong evidence for infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells into adipose tissue that drives systemic inflammation and subsequent end organ damage. In addition to adipocytes, the key adipose tissue resident immune cells are macrophages and mast cells. Immunometabolism, as an emerging field of investigation, explores the pivotal role of these immune cells in translating immunological changes to metabolic effects in obesity. Abundance of free fatty acids, along with other inflammatory cytokines shift the balance of metabolic homeostasis to pro-inflammatory status by influencing the development of inflammatory cell lineage, which, further exhibits distinct functional phenotypes. There is emerging evidence for macrophage activation and functional polarization of an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages in obese adipose tissue. Similarly, studies in both obese humans and murine models reveal the pathognomic presence of an increased number of mast cells in visceral adipose tissue. These suggest a possible contribution of mast cells to the unique metabolome of obese asthma. This review examines proposed multilevel interactions between metabolic and immune systems in obese asthmatics that underlie the negative effects of obesity and may offer significant therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim A. Periyalil
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +61-2-404-201-43; Fax: +61-2-404-200-46
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
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Picard M, Giavina-Bianchi P, Mezzano V, Castells M. Expanding Spectrum of Mast Cell Activation Disorders: Monoclonal and Idiopathic Mast Cell Activation Syndromes. Clin Ther 2013; 35:548-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cardet JC, Castells MC, Hamilton MJ. Immunology and clinical manifestations of non-clonal mast cell activation syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:10-8. [PMID: 23212667 PMCID: PMC3545645 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a spectrum of disorders that clinically manifest as a result of mast cell activation. A non-clonal form has emerged in the literature where many of the clinical features of systemic mastocytosis are shared despite having a distinct mast cell biology. In this review, we summarize key features of the science behind mast cell activation relevant to what is now known as non-clonal mast cell activation syndrome (nc-MCAS). We highlight the clinical manifestations of nc-MCAS with a focus on diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Cardet
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sala-Cunill A, Cardona V, Labrador-Horrillo M, Luengo O, Esteso O, Garriga T, Vicario M, Guilarte M. Usefulness and Limitations of Sequential Serum Tryptase for the Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis in 102 Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 160:192-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000339749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Anagnostou K, Harrison B, Iles R, Nasser S. Risk factors for childhood asthma deaths from the UK Eastern Region Confidential Enquiry 2001-2006. PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE AIRWAYS GROUP 2012; 21:71-7. [PMID: 22218820 DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2011.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Confidential enquiries into asthma deaths can identify inadequacies in medical management and factors which contribute to patients' death. AIMS To identify risk factors for paediatric asthma deaths over a 6-year period. METHODS Observational case-series study of paediatric asthma deaths between 2001-2006 in the UK Eastern Region. Hospital, primary care and post-mortem data were obtained for every child (≤17 yrs) with asthma recorded on the death certificate, and a detailed questionnaire was completed. Information was obtained on asthma severity, medications, hospital admissions, GP and hospital follow-up, adherence, psychosocial / behavioural factors, allergies, details of the terminal attack and precipitating factors. RESULTS 20 children (10 male; 8-17 yrs; median: 11.5 yrs) died of asthma between 2001-2006. 9/20 had mild to moderate asthma (BTS/ SIGN criteria), 10/20 had severe asthma and 1 child was not known to have asthma. 13/20 were clinically atopic. Only 3 had undergone allergy assessment. 10/20 died between June and August. 12/20 children had adverse psychosocial and behavioural factors. 7/20 children were on non-combination long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) treatment without inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). CONCLUSIONS Almost half the deaths occurred in children with mild/moderate asthma. We recommend that allergic factors and seasonal allergy should be identified early, non-combination LABAs avoided, and speculate that overuse of short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) may indicate non-adherence with ICS. Asthma deaths in children can be avoided if risk factors are identified early.
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