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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Medina-Abreu KH, Oropeza-Martínez E, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Vázquez-Macías A, Macías-Silva M. Deregulation of interferon-gamma receptor 1 expression and its implications for lung adenocarcinoma progression. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:195-207. [PMID: 38455133 PMCID: PMC10915940 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a dual role in cancer; it is both a pro- and an antitumorigenic cytokine, depending on the type of cancer. The deregulation of the IFN-γ canonic pathway is associated with several disorders, including vulnerability to viral infections, inflammation, and cancer progression. In particular, the interplay between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and viral infections appears to exist in association with the deregulation of IFN-γ signaling. In this mini-review, we investigated the status of the IFN-γ signaling pathway and the expression level of its components in LUAD. Interestingly, a reduction in IFNGR1 expression seems to be associated with LUAD progression, affecting defenses against viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In addition, alterations in the expression of IFNGR1 may inhibit the antiproliferative action of IFN-γ signaling in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | - Karen H Medina-Abreu
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus Zepeda-Cervantes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Aleida Vázquez-Macías
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Instituo de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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2
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Kong Y, Wang X, Xu H, Liu S, Qie R. A Mendelian randomization study on the causal association of circulating cytokines with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296017. [PMID: 38096329 PMCID: PMC10721084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cytokines have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their causal correlation remains undetermined. This investigation uses genetic data to evaluate the mechanism that links circulating cytokines and CRC via Mendelian Randomization (MR). METHODS A two-sample MR evaluation was carried out to investigate the mechanism associating circulating cytokines and CRC in individuals of European ancestry. The Genome-wide association studies statistics, which are publically accessible, were used. Eligible instrumental SNPs that were significantly related to the circulating cytokines were selected. Multiple MR analysis approaches were carried out, including Simple Mode, inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Mode, Weighted Median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods. RESULTS The evidence supporting the association of genetically predicted circulating levels with the increased risk of CRC was revealed; these included vascular endothelial growth factor (OR = 1.352, 95% CI: 1.019-1.315, P = 0.024), interleukin-12p70 (OR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.133-1.430, P = 4.68×10-5), interleukin-13 (OR = 1.149, 95% CI: 1.012-1.299, P = 0.028), interleukin-10 (OR = 1.230, 95% CI: 1.013-1.493, P = 0.037), and interleukin-7 (OR = 1.191, 95% CI: 1.023-1.386 P = 0.024). Additionally, MR analysis negative causal association between macrophage colony stimulating factor and CRC (OR = 0.854, 95% CI: 0.764-0.955, P = 0.005). The data from Simple Mode, Weighted Median, MR-Egger, and Weighted Mode analyses were consistent with the IVW estimates. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the presence of no horizontal pleiotropy to bias the causal estimates. CONCLUSION This investigation identified a causal association between circulating cytokines levels risk of CRC and may provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC, as well as offer promising leads for the development of novel therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Kong
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyun Xu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shaoxuan Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Qie
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Mohanty SK, Mishra SK, Amin MB, Agaimy A, Fuchs F. Role of Surgical Pathologist for the Detection of Immuno-oncologic Predictive Factors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:174-194. [PMID: 37037418 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Until very recently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been the mainstay of treatment in non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). However, recent advances in molecular immunology have unveiled some of the complexity of the mechanisms regulating cellular immune responses and led to the successful targeting of immune checkpoints in attempts to enhance antitumor T-cell responses. Immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 have been shown to play central roles in evading cancer immunity. Thus, these molecules have been targeted by inhibitors for the management of cancers forming the basis of immunotherapy. Advanced NSCLC has been the paradigm for the benefits of immunotherapy in any cancer. Treatment decisions are made based on the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cells and the presence or absence of driver mutations. Patients with high PD-L1 expression (≥50%) and no driver mutations are treated with single-agent immunotherapy whereas, for all other patients with a lower level of PD-L1 expression, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is preferred. Thus, PD-L1 blockers are the only immunotherapeutic agents approved in advanced NSCLC without any oncogenic driver mutations. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, however, may not be the best biomarker in view of its dynamic nature in time and space, and the benefits may be seen regardless of PD -L1 expression. Each immunotherapy molecule is prescribed based on the levels of PD-L1 expression as assessed by a Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic assay. Other biomarkers that have been studied include tumor mutational burden, the T-effector signature, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, radiomic assays, inflammation index, presence or absence of immune-related adverse events and specific driver mutations, and gut as well as local microbiome. At the current time, none of these biomarkers are routinely used in the clinical decision-making process for immunotherapy in NSCLC. However, in individual cases, they can be useful adjuncts to conventional therapy. This review describes our current understanding of the role of biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint molecules. To begin with a brief on cancer immunology in general and in NSCLC, in particular, is discussed. In the end, recent advancements in laboratory techniques for refining biomarker assays are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K Mohanty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India and CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, HR
| | - Sourav K Mishra
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DL, India
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine-1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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Rezazadeh F, Ramos N, Saliganan AD, Barr S, Peraino N, Schomburg F, Rancour D, Viola NT. Evaluation and selection of a lead diabody for interferon-γ PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:162-167. [PMID: 35753939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an appealing target to evaluate immune response in cancer immunotherapy as it is a hallmark of an active immune system. Imaging and detection via immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) of this soluble cytokine has been made feasible using a 89Zr-labeled (t 1/2 ~ 3.27 d) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Because of its size, using a full-length mAb as an imaging vector is not ideal for repeat serial imaging because of its prolonged blood pool residency and tumor accumulation resulting in lengthier wait times between administration and imaging. This consequently impacts the potential to image a dynamic immune response in real time. This work compares 89Zr-labeled diabodies (Db) designed with variable linker lengths between the VH and VL regions with the goal of selecting a lead Db for future studies. METHODS AND RESULTS Four Db fragments with various linker lengths (HL-n, n = 7-13 amino acids) were each conjugated to desferrioxamine (DFO). The number of attached chelates was analyzed via mass spectrometry with all immunoconjugates exhibiting one unit of DFO attached. Db-DFO conjugates were subsequently radiolabeled with zirconium-89. All constructs radiolabeled with high yields. Each radioimmunoconjugate was tested for reactivity to IFN-γ. All tracers except for [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-anti-IFN-γ HL-9 exhibited comparable immunoreactivities (>90 %) to the radiolabeled parent mAb (95.8 %). At 24 h post-labeling, the IRF values were retained except for the HL-13 construct. Imaging scans and tissue distribution studies acquired in mice bearing CT26 syngeneic colorectal tumors between 1 and 24 h post-tracer administration demonstrated variable clearance kinetics and tumor localization of each radiotracer. HL-7 had higher binding in non-tumor tissues compared to HL-11 and HL-13 at 3 h p.i. Competitive binding studies versus unmodified parent mAb (AN-18) demonstrated blocking of radiolabeled HL-11 and HL-13. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-anti-IFN-γ HL-7 was inadequately blocked. CONCLUSION Despite nuanced differences in linker lengths, our data demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-anti-IFN-γ HL-11 exhibited the best radiotracer properties for the assessment of IFN-γ production in vivo. Work is currently underway to test the potential of using shorter-lived isotopes, like copper-64 (t1/2 ~ 12.7 h) to match pharmacokinetics and half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rezazadeh
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Ramos
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Allen-Dexter Saliganan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barr
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Peraino
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Fritz Schomburg
- Lytic Solutions, LLC, Madison, WI 53713, United States of America
| | - David Rancour
- Lytic Solutions, LLC, Madison, WI 53713, United States of America
| | - Nerissa T Viola
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America.
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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Qin W, Zhao B, Wang D, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Huang Y, Qiu H, Yuan X. A Genetic Variant in CD274 Is Associated With Prognosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Bevacizumab-Based Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922342. [PMID: 35837092 PMCID: PMC9275392 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is a well-established first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated whether polymorphisms of genes involved in immune regulation signaling are related to the clinical outcome of mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. In this study, we genotyped 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in IFN-γ/IFNGRs/JAKs/STATs/PD-L1 pathway by using DNA from blood samples of 141 mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, patients with AA genotype of CD274:rs2297136 had a significantly better PFS and OS than patients with AG or GG genotype (10.8 versus 9.8, log-rank P=0.0031; 31.4 versus 20.9, log-rank P=0.0233). Patients with AG/GG genotype of IFNGR1:rs2234711, CT/TT genotype of IFNGR1:rs9376267 also showed longer OS than patients with AA or CC genotype, however, the statistic did not reach significant after adjusted by clinical factors in the multivariate analysis. A nomogram based on the genetic variants and clinic characteristics was developed with a good accuracy to predict patients’ survival. Our result indicates that CD274:rs2297136 is one of the most important predictors for the prognosis of mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab-based chemotherapy, if further validated in larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duanrui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, China
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Qiu, ; Xianglin Yuan,
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Qiu, ; Xianglin Yuan,
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Histone Demethylase JMJD2D: A Novel Player in Colorectal and Hepatocellular Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122841. [PMID: 35740507 PMCID: PMC9221006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Histone demethylase JMJD2D is a multifunctional epigenetic factor coordinating androgen receptor activation, DNA damage repair, DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, and inflammation modulation. JMJD2D is also a well-established epigenetic facilitator in the progression of multiple malignant tumors, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of JMJD2D in promoting CRC and HCC progression, which provides novel ideas for targeting JMJD2D in oncotherapy. JMJD2D promotes gene transcription by reducing H3K9 methylation and serves as a coactivator to enhance the activities of multiple carcinogenic pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, HIF1, JAK-STAT3, and Notch signaling; or acts as an antagonist of the tumor suppressor p53. Abstract Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones are well-established contributors in a variety of biological functions, especially tumorigenesis. Histone demethylase JMJD2D (also known as KDM4D), a member of the JMJD2 subfamily, promotes gene transcription by antagonizing H3K9 methylation. JMJD2D is an epigenetic factor coordinating androgen receptor activation, DNA damage repair, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation. Recently, the oncogenic role of JMJD2D in colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has been recognized. JMJD2D serves as a coactivator of β-catenin, Gli1/2, HIF1α, STAT3, IRF1, TCF4, and NICD or an antagonist of p53 to promote the progression of CRC and HCC. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of JMJD2D in promoting the progression of CRC and HCC as well as the constructive role of its targeting inhibitors in suppressing tumorigenesis and synergistically enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Chen Q, Zhuang S, Hong Y, Yang L, Guo P, Mo P, Peng K, Li W, Xiao N, Yu C. Demethylase JMJD2D induces PD-L1 expression to promote colorectal cancer immune escape by enhancing IFNGR1-STAT3-IRF1 signaling. Oncogene 2022; 41:1421-1433. [PMID: 35027670 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells. IFNγ triggered cancer cell immunosuppression against CD8+ T cell surveillance via up-regulation of PD-L1. Histone demethylase JMJD2D promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however, the role of JMJD2D in cancer immune escape is unknown. Here, we report that both PD-L1 and JMJD2D are frequently overexpressed in human CRC specimens with a significant positive correlation. Genetic ablation of JMJD2D in CRC cells attenuated the expression of PD-L1 and stalled tumor growth in mice, accompanied by the elevated number and effector function of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, JMJD2D coactivated SP-1 to promote the expression of IFNGR1, which elevated STAT3-IRF1 signaling and promoted PD-L1 expression. Again, JMJD2D is a major coactivator for STAT3-IRF1 axis to enhance PD-L1 transcription in a demethylation activity dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of JMJD2D conduced to improve the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-L1 antibody as demonstrated by slower tumor growth and higher infiltration and function of CD8+ T cells in the combination of JMJD2D inhibitor 5-c-8HQ and PD-L1 antibody group compared with monotherapy with either agent. These results demonstrate that JMJD2D promotes CRC immune escape by enhancing PD-L1 expression to inhibit the activation and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells; targeting JMJD2D has the potential role in promoting the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuqing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingtao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wengang Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen University Research Center of Retroperitoneal Tumor Committee of Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Samiei H, Ajam F, Gharavi A, Abdolmaleki S, Kokhaei P, Mohammadi S, Memarian A. Simultaneous disruption of circulating miR-21 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): Prospective diagnostic and prognostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24125. [PMID: 34799871 PMCID: PMC8761409 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the most prominent type of esophageal cancer (EC) in developing countries encompasses a substantial contribution of cancer-related mortalities and morbidities. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the major subset of effector T cells against cancer. However, the microRNAs involved in the development and regulation of CTLs could be disrupted in cancers such as EC. METHODS Here, we evaluated the population of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17a-producing CD3+CD8+ T cells, their association with the circulating levels of miR-21 and miR-29b, and their diagnostic and/or prognostic (after 160 weeks of follow-up) utilities in 34 ESCC patients (12 newly diagnosed: ND, 24 under-treatment: UT) and 34 matched healthy donors. RESULTS The population of IL-10 and TGF-β-producing CTLs (CD8+ Tregs) were considerably expanded, in addition to the overexpression of miR-21 in both groups (ND and UT) of ESCC patients, while the frequency of Tc17 and CD8+ Treg cells increased only in UT patients. The expression means of TGF-β and IL-10 in CTLs were considered to be excellent biomarkers (1 ≥ area under the curve: AUC ≥0.9) in distinguishing ESCC patients and associated subgroups from healthy subjects. Moreover, the lower expressions of TGF-β, IL-17a, IL-10, and IFN-γ in CTLs were associated with ESCC better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The association between the impaired function of CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets and miR-21 expression could be introduced as novel therapeutic targets and powerful diagnostic and prognostic markers for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Samiei
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Faezeh Ajam
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Clinical Immunology LaboratoryDeziani Specialized and Advanced ClinicGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Immune and Gene Therapy LaboratoryCancer Centre KarolinskaDepartment of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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Zahedipour F, Zamani P, Jamialahmadi K, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Vaccines targeting angiogenesis in melanoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174565. [PMID: 34656608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has a significant role in metastasis and progression of melanoma. Even small tumors may be susceptible to metastasis and hence lead to a worse outcome in patients with melanoma. One of the anti-angiogenic treatment approaches that is undergoing comprehensive study is specific immunotherapy. While tumor cells are challenging targets for immunotherapy due to their genetic instability and heterogeneity, endothelial cells (ECs) are genetically stable. Therefore, vaccines targeting angiogenesis in melanoma are appropriate choices that target both tumor cells and ECs while capable of inducing strong, anti-tumor immune responses with limited toxicity. The main targets of angiogenesis are VEGFs and their receptors but other potential targets have also been investigated, especially in preclinical studies. Various types of vaccines that target angiogenesis in melanoma have been studied including DNA, peptide, protein, dendritic cell-based, and endothelial cell vaccines. This review outlines a number of target antigens that are important for potential progress in developing vaccines for targeting angiogenesis in melanoma. We also discuss different types of vaccines that have been investigated, delivery mechanisms and popular adjuvants, and suggest ways to improve future clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Shang F, Sun H, Zheng X, Zhu J. Celastrol inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1921-1932. [PMID: 34732120 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211103103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-ranked malignant tumor in the world that contributes to the death of a major population of the world. Celastrol, a bioactive natural product isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has been proved to be an effective anti-tumor inhibitor for multiple tumors. OBJECTIVE To reveal the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of celastrol on CRC cells. METHODS CCK-8 and clonogenic assay were used to analyze the cell proliferation in CRC cells. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to assess the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Wound-healing and cell invasion assay were used to evaluate the migrating and invasion capability of CRC cells. The potential antitumor mechanism of celastrol was investigated by qPCR, western blot, and confocal immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Celastrol effectively inhibited CRC cell proliferation by activating caspase-dependent cell apoptosis and facilitating G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cell migration and invasion by downregulating the MMP2 and MMP9. Mechanistic protein expression revealed that celastrol suppressed the expression of COX-2 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and subsequently leading to cytoplasmic retention of p65 protein, thereby inhibiting its nuclear translocation and transcription activities. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that celastrol is an effective inhibitor for CRC, regulating the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation characterized by cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis, providing a potential alternative therapeutic agent for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of anus & intestine surgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
| | - Fajun Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000. China
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12
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Bao W, Lin Y, Chen Z. The Peripheral Immune System and Traumatic Brain Injury: Insight into the role of T-helper cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3644-3651. [PMID: 34790036 PMCID: PMC8579286 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory processes are key elements in the physiopathological events associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is followed by T-cell-specific immunological changes involving several subsets of T-helper cells and the cytokines they produce; these processes can have opposite effects depending on the disease course and cytokine concentrations. Efforts are underway to identify the T-helper cells and cytokine profiles associated with prognosis. These predictors may eventually serve as effective treatment targets to decrease morbidity and mortality and to improve the management of TBI patients. Here, we review the immunological response to TBI, the possible molecular mechanisms of this response, and therapeutic strategies to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Qu S, Jiao Z, Lu G, Yao B, Wang T, Rong W, Xu J, Fan T, Sun X, Yang R, Wang J, Yao Y, Xu G, Yan X, Wang T, Liang H, Zen K. PD-L1 lncRNA splice isoform promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via enhancing c-Myc activity. Genome Biol 2021; 22:104. [PMID: 33849634 PMCID: PMC8042710 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although using a blockade of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to enhance T cell immune responses shows great promise in tumor immunotherapy, the immune-checkpoint inhibition strategy is limited for patients with solid tumors. The mechanism and efficacy of such immune-checkpoint inhibition strategies in solid tumors remains unclear. RESULTS Employing qRT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNA BaseScope analysis, we show that human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) all produce a long non-coding RNA isoform of PD-L1 (PD-L1-lnc) by alternative splicing, regardless if the tumor is positive or negative for the protein PD-L1. Similar to PD-L1 mRNA, PD-L1-lnc in various lung adenocarcinoma cells is significantly upregulated by IFNγ. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that PD-L1-lnc increases proliferation and invasion but decreases apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, PD-L1-lnc promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression through directly binding to c-Myc and enhancing c-Myc transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the PD-L1 gene can generate a long non-coding RNA through alternative splicing to promote lung adenocarcinoma progression by enhancing c-Myc activity. Our results argue in favor of investigating PD-L1-lnc depletion in combination with PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichen Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Geng Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Wang J, Rieder SA, Wu J, Hayes S, Halpin RA, de Los Reyes M, Shrestha Y, Kolbeck R, Raja R. Evaluation of ultra-low input RNA sequencing for the study of human T cell transcriptome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8445. [PMID: 31186477 PMCID: PMC6559993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deeper understanding of T cell biology is crucial for the development of new therapeutics. Human naïve T cells have low RNA content and their numbers can be limiting; therefore we set out to determine the parameters for robust ultra-low input RNA sequencing. We performed transcriptome profiling at different cell inputs and compared three protocols: Switching Mechanism at 5' End of RNA Template technology (SMART) with two different library preparation methods (Nextera and Clontech), and AmpliSeq technology. As the cell input decreased the number of detected coding genes decreased with SMART, while stayed constant with AmpliSeq. However, SMART enables detection of non-coding genes, which is not feasible for AmpliSeq. The detection is dependent on gene abundance, but not transcript length. The consistency between technical replicates and cell inputs was comparable across methods above 1 K but highly variable at 100 cell input. Sensitivity of detection for differentially expressed genes decreased dramatically with decreased cell inputs in all protocols, support that additional approaches, such as pathway enrichment, are important for data interpretation at ultra-low input. Finally, T cell activation signature was detected at 1 K cell input and above in all protocols, with AmpliSeq showing better detection at 100 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.
| | - Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder
- Biosciences, Early Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Research Bioinformatics, MedImmune AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Susana Hayes
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Rebecca A Halpin
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | | | - Yashaswi Shrestha
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Rajiv Raja
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
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15
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Nakamura Y. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Tumor Response and Adverse Events. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:119. [PMID: 31192215 PMCID: PMC6549005 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, inhibitors targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) brought about a major paradigm shift in cancer treatment. These immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improved the overall survival of a variety of cancer such as malignant melanoma and non-small lung cancer. In addition, numerous clinical trials for additional indication of ICIs including adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapies are also currently ongoing. Therefore, more and more patients will receive ICIs in the future. However, despite the improved outcome of the cancer treatment by ICIs, the efficacy remains still limited and tumor regression have not been obtained in many cancer patients. In addition, treatment with ICIs is also associated with substantial toxicities, described as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Therefore, biomarkers to predict tumor response and occurrence of irAEs by the treatment with ICIs are required to avoid overtreatment of ICIs and minimize irAEs development. Whereas, numerous factors have been reported as potential biomarkers for tumor response to ICIs, factors for predicting irAE have been less reported. In this review, we show recent advances in the understanding of biomarkers for tumor response and occurrence of irAEs in cancer patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Song M, Ping Y, Zhang K, Yang L, Li F, Zhang C, Cheng S, Yue D, Maimela NR, Qu J, Liu S, Sun T, Li Z, Xia J, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhang Y. Low-Dose IFNγ Induces Tumor Cell Stemness in Tumor Microenvironment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3737-3748. [PMID: 31085700 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Song
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Cheng
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nomathamsanqa Resegofetse Maimela
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Borsi L, Carnemolla B, Neri D, Zardi L. Use of Human Recombinant Antibodies to the Marker of Angiogenesis Ed-B in Cancer Therapy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borsi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Carnemolla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Applied BioSciences of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Zardi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
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18
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De Simone V, Franzè E, Ronchetti G, Colantoni A, Fantini MC, Di Fusco D, Sica GS, Sileri P, MacDonald TT, Pallone F, Monteleone G, Stolfi C. Th17-type cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α synergistically activate STAT3 and NF-kB to promote colorectal cancer cell growth. Oncogene 2015; 34:3493-503. [PMID: 25174402 PMCID: PMC4493653 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) often show a dense infiltrate of cytokine-producing immune/inflammatory cells. The exact contribution of each immune cell subset and cytokine in the activation of the intracellular pathways sustaining CRC cell growth is not understood. Herein, we isolate tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) from the tumor area and the macroscopically unaffected, adjacent, colonic mucosa of patients who underwent resection for sporadic CRC and show that the culture supernatants of TILs, but not of LPMCs, potently enhance the growth of human CRC cell lines through the activation of the oncogenic transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Characterization of immune cell complexity of TILs and LPMCs reveals no differences in the percentages of T cells, natural killer T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and B cells. However, T cells from TILs show a functional switch compared with those from LPMCs to produce large amounts of T helper type 17 (Th17)-related cytokines (that is, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6. Individual neutralization of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α or IL-6 does not change TIL-derived supernatant-driven STAT3 and NF-kB activation, as well as their proproliferative effect in CRC cells. In contrast, simultaneous neutralization of both IL-17A and TNF-α, which abrogates NF-kB signaling, and IL-22 and IL-6, which abrogates STAT3 signaling, reduces the mitogenic effect of supernatants in CRC cells. IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α and IL-6 are also produced in excess in the early colonic lesions in a mouse model of sporadic CRC, associated with enhanced STAT3/NF-kB activation. Mice therapeutically given BP-1-102, an orally bioavailable compound targeting STAT3/NF-kB activation and cross-talk, exhibit reduced colon tumorigenesis and diminished expression of STAT3/NF-kB-activating cytokines in the neoplastic areas. These data suggest that strategies aimed at the cotargeting of STAT3/NF-kB activation and interaction between them might represent an attractive and novel approach to combat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Simone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - E Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Ronchetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M C Fantini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - D Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G S Sica
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - P Sileri
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - T T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - F Pallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - C Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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19
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Wang C, Li X, Wu T, Li D, Niu M, Wang Y, Zhang C, Cheng X, Chen P. Bursin-like peptide (BLP) enhances H9N2 influenza vaccine induced humoral and cell mediated immune responses. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Yi S, Sun L, Huang Y, Zhang M. Charge-selective fractions of naturally occurring nanoparticles as bioactive nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4269-84. [PMID: 24952072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A carnivorous fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, has been shown to secrete nanoparticles. In the present work, the potential of two charge-selective fractions of fungal nanoparticles (FNPs) as bioactive nanocarriers in cancer therapy is explored by investigating their immunostimulatory activities, cytotoxic mechanisms and in vitro immunochemotherapeutic effects. A surface charge-selective fractionation procedure to purify crude FNPs has been established, and two FNP fractions (i.e. FNP1 and FNP2), with different surface charges and similarly reduced diameters of 100-200nm, are obtained. Both FNP fractions enhance the secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from macrophages and splenocytes. However, FNP2 has stronger cytotoxicity than FNP1. It is FNP2 not FNP1 that could clearly inhibit cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and arresting cells at the sub G0/G1 phase. Both the FNP fractions can form pH-responsive nanocomplexes with doxorubicin (DOX) via electrostatic interactions. For direct cytotoxicity, DOX-FNP2 complexes demonstrate higher activity than DOX against multiple tumor cells, while DOX-FNP1 complexes show weaker activity than DOX. Interestingly, in a co-culture experiment where splenocytes are co-cultured with tumor cells, both DOX-FNP complexes demonstrate higher cytotoxicity than DOX. In conclusion, this work proposes a combined therapeutics for cancer treatment using charge-selective fractions of FNPs as bioactive nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Leming Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yujian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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21
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Ondondo BO. Fallen angels or risen apes? A tale of the intricate complexities of imbalanced immune responses in the pathogenesis and progression of immune-mediated and viral cancers. Front Immunol 2014; 5:90. [PMID: 24639678 PMCID: PMC3944202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive immune responses directed against foreign pathogens, self-antigens, or commensal microflora can cause cancer establishment and progression if the execution of tight immuno-regulatory mechanisms fails. On the other hand, induction of potent tumor antigen-specific immune responses together with stimulation of the innate immune system is a pre-requisite for effective anti-tumor immunity, and if suppressed by the strong immuno-regulatory mechanisms can lead to cancer progression. Therefore, it is crucial that the inevitable co-existence of these fundamental, yet conflicting roles of immune-regulatory cells is carefully streamlined as imbalances can be detrimental to the host. Infection with chronic persistent viruses is characterized by severe immune dysfunction resulting in T cell exhaustion and sometimes deletion of antigen-specific T cells. More often, this is due to increased immuno-regulatory processes, which are triggered to down-regulate immune responses and limit immunopathology. However, such heightened levels of immune disruption cause a concomitant loss of tumor immune-surveillance and create a permissive microenvironment for cancer establishment and progression, as demonstrated by increased incidences of cancer in immunosuppressed hosts. Paradoxically, while some cancers arise as a consequence of increased immuno-regulatory mechanisms that inhibit protective immune responses and impinge on tumor surveillance, other cancers arise due to impaired immuno-regulatory mechanisms and failure to limit pathogenic inflammatory responses. This intricate complexity, where immuno-regulatory cells can be beneficial in certain immune settings but detrimental in other settings underscores the need for carefully formulated interventions to equilibrate the balance between immuno-stimulatory and immuno-regulatory processes.
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22
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Ramstead AG, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Jutila MA. Oenothein B, a cyclic dimeric ellagitannin isolated from Epilobium angustifolium, enhances IFNγ production by lymphocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50546. [PMID: 23226309 PMCID: PMC3511557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenothein B is a polyphenol isolated from Epilobium angustifolium and other plant sources, which has been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Oenothein B is known to activate myeloid cells and induce the production of IL-1 and other cytokines. However, its effects on lymphocytes are unknown. In this report, we show that oenothein B stimulated innate lymphocytes, including bovine and human γδ T cells and NK cells, resulting in either increased CD25 and/or CD69 expression. We also demonstrate that oenothein B enhanced the production of interferon-γ (IFNγ) by bovine and human NK cells alone and in combination with interleukin-18 (IL-18), a response not observed with other commonly studied polyphenols. Furthermore, we demonstrate that oenothein B enhanced the production of IFNγ by human T cells. Since IFNγ contributes to antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral cell responses, these data suggest an additional mechanism that could account, at least in part, for the immune enhancing properties of oenothein B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Ramstead
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Jutila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kumar A, Kantele A, Järvinen T, Chen T, Kavola H, Sadeghi M, Hedman K, Franssila R. Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus: correlation between humoral and cellular immunity stronger with TSV. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45773. [PMID: 23029236 PMCID: PMC3454342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is a common infectious agent likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of most Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC). Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSV), which exhibit high seroprevalence in general population, has been detected in trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) skin lesions suggesting an etiological role for this disease. Previous studies have shown strong MCV-specific T-cell responses, while no data exist on T-cell immunity against TSV. In order to characterize Th-cell immunity against TSV, and to allow comparisons with the MCV-specific Th-cell immunity, we studied TSV-specific proliferation, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-13, and MCV-specific IFN-γ and IL-10 responses in 51 healthy volunteers, and in one MCC patient. Recombinant TSV and MCV VP1 virus-like particles (VLPs) were used as antigens. A significant correlation was found between virus-specific Th-cell and antibody responses with TSV; with MCV it proved weaker. Despite significant homology in amino acid sequences, Th-cell crossreactivity was not evident between these viruses. Some subjects seronegative to both TSV and MCV exhibited Th-cell responses to both viruses. The agent initially priming these Th-cells remains an enigma. As CD8+ cells specific to MCV T-Ag oncoprotein clearly provide an important defense against established MCC, the MCV VP1-specific Th-cells may, by suppressing MCV replication with antiviral cytokines such as IFN-γ, significantly contribute to preventing the full process of oncogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Fungal/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/virology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Male
- Merkel cell polyomavirus/immunology
- Merkel cell polyomavirus/physiology
- Middle Aged
- Polyomavirus Infections/blood
- Polyomavirus Infections/immunology
- Polyomavirus Infections/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/virology
- Tumor Virus Infections/blood
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Virus Replication
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Departments of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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The dual role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11071-11084. [PMID: 23109839 PMCID: PMC3472731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation characterizing patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a major risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Mechanisms underlying this neoplastic transformation are not fully understood though studies in experimental models of colon carcinogenesis suggest that inflammatory cell-derived cytokines either directly or indirectly stimulate the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Nevertheless, under specific inflammatory conditions, immune cells can boost an anti-tumor immune response with the down-stream effect of eliminating dysplastic and cancerous cells. This review outlines the beneficial and detrimental role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis.
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T-helper cell-mediated proliferation and cytokine responses against recombinant Merkel cell polyomavirus-like particles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25751. [PMID: 21991346 PMCID: PMC3185038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly discovered Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) resides in approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC). Causal role of MCPyV for this rare and aggressive skin cancer is suggested by monoclonal integration and truncation of large T (LT) viral antigen in MCC cells. The mutated MCPyV has recently been found in highly purified leukemic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), suggesting a pathogenic role also in CLL. About 50-80% of adults display MCPyV-specific antibodies. The humoral immunity does not protect against the development of MCC, as neutralizing MCPyV antibodies occur in higher levels among MCC patients than healthy controls. Impaired T-cell immunity has been linked with aggressive MCC behavior. Therefore, cellular immunity appears to be important in MCPyV infection surveillance. In order to elucidate the role of MCPyV-specific Th-cell immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adults were stimulated with MCPyV VP1 virus-like particles (VLPs), using human bocavirus (HBoV) VLPs and Candida albicans antigen as positive controls. Proliferation, IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 responses were examined in 15 MCPyV-seropositive and 15 seronegative volunteers. With the MCPyV antigen, significantly stronger Th-cell responses were found in MCPyV-seropositive than MCPyV-seronegative subjects, whereas with the control antigens, the responses were statistically similar. The most readily detectable cytokine was IFN-γ. The MCPyV antigen tended to induce stronger IFN-γ responses than HBoV VLP antigen. Taken together, MCPyV-specific Th-cells elicit vigorous IFN-γ responses. IFN-γ being a cytokine with major antiviral and tumor suppressing functions, Th-cells are suggested to be important mediators of MCPyV-specific immune surveillance.
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Deng J, Qian Y, Geng L, Xie H, Wang Y, Jiang G, Zhou L, Zhang M, Zheng S. Involvement of ERK and JNK pathways in IFN-γ-induced B7-DC expression on tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:243-50. [PMID: 20390427 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE B7-DC on tumor cells was demonstrated to promote tumor immunity; however, the precise mechanism responsible for the aberrant B7-DC expression remains unknown. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) can induce B7-DC expression on macrophages and has been shown to regulate anti-tumor immunity by various mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of IFN-γ and B7-DC on tumor cells and further explored the signal transduction pathways involved. METHODS RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used for the analysis of B7-DC expression on various tumor cells. The phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, and JAK2 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS IFN-γ markedly up-regulated B7-DC expression on various tumor cells and resulted in the phosphorylation of JAK2, JNK, ERK, p38, and Akt. Inhibition of ERK or JNK pathway significantly decreased IFN-c-induced B7-DC expression, whereas inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and JAK2 had very little effect on IFN-γ-induced B7-DC expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the pretreatment of tumor cells with IFN-γ enhances B7-DC expression through ERK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Deng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Lee HR, Yoon SY, Song SB, Park Y, Kim TS, Kim S, Hur DY, Song HK, Park H, Cho D. Interleukin-18-mediated interferon-gamma secretion is regulated by thymosin beta 4 in human NK cells. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1155-62. [PMID: 21742406 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is the major G-actin sequestering molecule and is abundant in lymphoid tissues. However, it is not clear what regulates Tβ4 expression and what its function is on natural killer (NK) cells. We investigated whether interleukin-18 (IL-18) has a role in Tβ4 expression and if enhanced Tβ4 influences IL-18-mediated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. In this study, recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) enhanced the endogenous level of Tβ4 through p38MAPK and JNK signaling pathway in the human NK cell line, NK-92MI. Overexpression of endogeneous Tβ4 stimulated IFN-γ expression and secretion. Additionally, pretreatment with an inhibitor for Tβ4 decreased IL-18-enhanced IFN-γ secretion, and transfection with Tβ4-specific short hairpin RNA resulted in reduction of IFN-γ production in primary NK cells as well as in the human NK cell line. Taken together, these data indicated that Tβ4 is regulated by IL-18 and is involved in IL-18-enhanced IFN-γ secretion in NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-reum Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Jaime-Ramirez AC, Mundy-Bosse BL, Kondadasula S, Jones NB, Roda JM, Mani A, Parihar R, Karpa V, Papenfuss TL, LaPerle KM, Biller E, Lehman A, Chaudhury AR, Jarjoura D, Burry RW, Carson WE. IL-12 enhances the antitumor actions of trastuzumab via NK cell IFN-γ production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3401-9. [PMID: 21321106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor effects of therapeutic mAbs may depend on immune effector cells that express FcRs for IgG. IL-12 is a cytokine that stimulates IFN-γ production from NK cells and T cells. We hypothesized that coadministration of IL-12 with a murine anti-HER2/neu mAb (4D5) would enhance the FcR-dependent immune mechanisms that contribute to its antitumor activity. Thrice-weekly therapy with IL-12 (1 μg) and 4D5 (1 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the growth of a murine colon adenocarcinoma that was engineered to express human HER2 (CT-26(HER2/neu)) in BALB/c mice compared with the result of therapy with IL-12, 4D5, or PBS alone. Combination therapy was associated with increased circulating levels of IFN-γ, monokine induced by IFN-γ, and RANTES. Experiments with IFN-γ-deficient mice demonstrated that this cytokine was necessary for the observed antitumor effects of therapy with IL-12 plus 4D5. Immune cell depletion experiments showed that NK cells (but not CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells) mediated the antitumor effects of this treatment combination. Therapy of HER2/neu-positive tumors with trastuzumab plus IL-12 induced tumor necrosis but did not affect tumor proliferation, apoptosis, vascularity, or lymphocyte infiltration. In vitro experiments with CT-26(HER2/neu) tumor cells revealed that IFN-γ induced an intracellular signal but did not inhibit cellular proliferation or induce apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that tumor regression in response to trastuzumab plus IL-12 is mediated through NK cell IFN-γ production and provide a rationale for the coadministration of NK cell-activating cytokines with therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Cristina Jaime-Ramirez
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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29
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Boyle NT, Connor TJ. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy')-induced immunosuppression: a cause for concern? Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:17-32. [PMID: 20718737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy') is a ring-substituted amphetamine and a popular drug of abuse. In addition to ability to induce euphoria, MDMA abuse is associated with a range of acute and long-term hazardous effects. This paper is focused on once such adverse effect: its ability to negatively impact on functioning of the immune system. Research demonstrates that MDMA has immunosuppressive properties, with both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system being affected. The ability of MDMA to suppress innate immunity is indicated by impaired neutrophil phagocytosis and reduced production of dendritic cell/macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-12 and IL-15. MDMA also suppresses innate IFN-gamma production, and considering the role of IFN-gamma in priming antigen-presenting cells, it is not surprising that MDMA reduces MHC class II expression on dendritic cells and macrophages, and inhibits co-stimulatory molecule expression. Paradoxically, studies demonstrate that MDMA elicits pro-inflammatory actions in the CNS by activating microglia, the resident innate immune cells in the brain. In terms of adaptive immunity, MDMA reduces circulating lymphocyte numbers, particularly CD4(+) T-cells; suppresses T-cell proliferation; and skews cytokine production in a Th(2) direction. For the most part, the immunosuppressive effects of MDMA cannot be attributed to a direct action of the drug on immune cells, but rather due to the release of endogenous immunomodulatory substances. In this regard, peripheral beta-adrenoceptors and cholinergic receptors have been shown to mediate some immunosuppressive effects of MDMA. Finally, we discuss emerging evidence indicating that MDMA-induced immunosuppression can translate into significant health risks for abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen T Boyle
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Merlo A, Turrini R, Trento C, Zanovello P, Dolcetti R, Rosato A. Impact of γ-chain cytokines on EBV-specific T cell cultures. J Transl Med 2010; 8:121. [PMID: 21092174 PMCID: PMC3001712 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent preclinical adoptive immunotherapy studies in murine models prompt to employ "proper" rather than "as many as possible" antigen-specific T cells to gain better therapeutic results. Ideally, "proper" T cells are poorly differentiated in vitro, but retain the capacity to fully differentiate into effector cells in vivo, where they can undergo long-term survival and strong proliferation. Such requirements can be achieved by modifying culture conditions, namely using less "differentiating" cytokines than IL-2. METHODS To evaluate this issue in human T cell cultures, we exploited a well characterized and clinical-grade protocol finalized at generating EBV-specific CTL for adoptive immunotherapy. In particular, we studied the impact of IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 compared to IL-2 on different aspects of T cell functionality, namely growth kinetics, differentiation/activation marker expression, cytokine production, and short-term and long-term cytotoxicity. RESULTS Results disclosed that the culture modifications we introduced in the standard protocol did not improve activity nor induce substantial changes in differentiation marker expression of EBV-specific CTL. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that the addition of γ-chain cytokines other than IL-2 for the generation of EBV-specific T cell cultures did not produce the improvements expected on the basis of recent published literature. This fact was likely due to the intrinsic differences between murine and human models and highlights the need to design ad hoc protocols rather than simply modify the cytokines added in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merlo
- University of Padova, Dept. of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Bagalkot V, Lee IH, Yu MK, Lee E, Park S, Lee JH, Jon S. A combined chemoimmunotherapy approach using a plasmid-doxorubicin complex. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1019-28. [PMID: 19338265 DOI: 10.1021/mp800177f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined chemoimmunotherapy vehicle consisting of plasmid loaded with doxorubicin and evaluate its efficacy in two different tumor models. A stable complex was formed with a 1300:1 ratio of doxorubicin bound to native plasmid via intercalation. Pharmacokinetics of the complex showed much slower clearance from plasma up to 3 h compared to 10 min for free doxorubicin. In mice bearing NCI-H358 xenografts, lower doses of complex (doxorubicin 0.5 mg/kg, plasmid 4 mg/kg) effectively reduced tumor growth compared to high doses (5 mg/kg) of free doxorubicin (68% versus 77%). Similar results were observed in mice bearing 4T1 murine allografts; the complex (doxorubicin 2 mg/kg, plasmid 8 mg/kg) was effective and caused similar reduction of tumor compared to free doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) (47% versus 46%). The complex showed no signs of severe systemic toxicity or cardiotoxicity compared to the free doxorubicin in mice as indicated by body weights and heart tissue histology. Elevated levels of cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, and IFN-gamma) were observed in serum as well as in tumor tissue after intravenous injection of complex when compared to plasmid or doxorubicin alone. This approach simultaneously delivers both chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents without time delay, improves pharmacokinetics of the free drug, lowers drug toxicity, upregulates a variety of cytokines, and is effective against different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bagalkot
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Curtin NM, Boyle NT, Mills KHG, Connor TJ. Psychological stress suppresses innate IFN-gamma production via glucocorticoid receptor activation: reversal by the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:535-47. [PMID: 19217938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in humans and in animals indicate that psychological stress can modulate immune responses. Here we demonstrate that exposure to psychological stress (restraint stress) suppresses innate interferon (IFN)-gamma production in mice following an in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. IFN-gamma signaling was also impaired by stress, as indicated by reduced STAT1 phosphorylation and reduced expression of the IFN-gamma-inducible genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10). Furthermore, restraint stress suppressed production of the IFN-gamma inducing cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which can inhibit both IL-12 and IFN-gamma production. However, using IL-10 knockout mice, we demonstrate that IL-10 does not mediate the suppressive effect of restraint stress on innate IFN-gamma production. Restraint stress increased corticosterone concentrations in serum and spleen, and consistent with a role for glucocorticoids in the immunosuppressive actions of stress, pre-treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone completely blocked the stress-related suppression of innate IFN-gamma production. Addition of exogenous IL-12 to LPS-stimulated spleen cells reversed the suppressive effect of both restraint stress and corticosterone on IFN-gamma production. These data suggest that reduced IL-12 production is a key event in stress-induced suppression of innate IFN-gamma production. Finally, we demonstrate that pre-treatment with the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide prevents the suppressive effect of stress on innate IFN-gamma production, and also attenuates the stress-induced increase in circulating corticosterone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Curtin
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Pinto FCH, Menezes GB, Moura SAL, Cassali GD, Teixeira MM, Cara DC. Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells as a mechanism of tumor growth reduction in allergic mice. Pathol Res Pract 2009; 205:559-67. [PMID: 19268488 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Analysis of epidemiological data has revealed a negative relationship between allergic conditions and cancer incidence. This study addresses the effects of chronic antigen ingestion by sensitized mice (allergy) on Ehrlich tumor growth in mouse footpad. Mice were sensitized (allergic) or not (sham) with ovalbumin and challenged orally with egg white solution. After one week of oral challenge, all mice were inoculated with experimental Ehrlich tumor (EET) cells in the footpad, and tumor growth was evaluated for 21 days. A decrease in tumor growth occurred, as assessed by paw thickness in the allergic group, which was associated with smaller areas of necrosis, reduced infiltration of neutrophils, and reduced levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. Although, the tumor proliferation rate was similar in both groups, an increase in apoptosis occurred in allergic mice. In conclusion, analysis of the data obtained allows us to suggest that a concomitant allergic condition would reduce tumor progression through increased tumor cell apoptosis, accompanied by reduced areas of necrosis at the tumor site. Indeed, such findings suggested a possible mechanism for the reduced cancer incidence observed in allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C H Pinto
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Major trauma induces a dysregulation of immune response supported in parts by lymphocyte dysfunction. Controversial data about a shift within the T-helper cell subsets Th1/Th2 are reported. METHODS To prove whether Th1/Th2-type cytokine plasma levels reflect the postulated Th2 shift after trauma, we investigated in a retrospective study 195 severely injured patients (47 women, 148 men; mean age 39.7 +/- 15.8 years; Injury Severity Score 32.0 +/- 11.3 points; overall 1,887 samples) during their ICU stay posttrauma. Mortality rate was 19%. Th1-type cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma, IL-12 (p70), and IL-18 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11 were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique in patients and in healthy controls. RESULTS IL-2 and interferon gamma were seldom detectable. All other mediators were significantly increased matched to controls (p < 0.05). All cytokines were elevated most prominent during weeks 1 and 2 posttrauma and declined thereafter. A trend toward lower levels in nonsurvivors was seen for both groups of cytokines. However, significant differences were only seen for Injury Severity Score, age, white blood cells, and C-reactive protein. All mediators correlated positively with each other (p < 0.01), a Th2-type shift was not observed. Two groups of patients were identified: one group with generally high plasma levels of all cytokines investigated and a second group of nonresponders who presented with low or diminished plasma levels in which most nonsurvivors were found. CONCLUSION We conclude that in plasma no Th1/Th2 shift can be observed after major trauma.
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Miller AC, Rashid RM, Elamin EM. The "T" in trauma: the helper T-cell response and the role of immunomodulation in trauma and burn patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 63:1407-17. [PMID: 18212667 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31815b839e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system undergoes numerous changes after traumatic and burn injuries, including a down-regulation of the TH1 response and up-regulation of the TH2 response. METHODS The PubMed, Medline, and Ovid search engines were queried for relevant human studies. Bibliographies were also meticulously reviewed. RESULTS An interesting and potentially clinically relevant pattern of immune dysregulation exists after injury. The type 1 T-helper cell (TH1) response is suppressed as illustrated by diminished interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-12 levels after major injury. The enhancement of the TH2 response is marked by elevated IL-10 and IL-4. Certain cytokine profiles, ratios, and polymorphisms may help identify patients at increased risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, multiple organ failure (MOF), and deep venous thrombosis. The most promising prognostic indicators to date are decreased production of the IL-12, elevated IL-10, soluble IL-2 receptor-a (sIL-2Ra), and IL-18 levels, IL-18 promoter polymorphisms, the IL-6:IL-10 ratio, and the degree of TH1 suppression as measured by diminished IL-2 and IFN-gamma. The Cytokine sections are subdivided into basic science, human studies, animal studies (when necessary), and directed therapeutics. The outcomes of sepsis, SIRS, or MOF are generally discussed together. CONCLUSIONS T-cell-specific immunologic changes occur after major injury. Identification of those TH1/TH2 cytokine profiles associated with worse prognosis may one day allow clinicians to risk stratify injured patients and identify those at increased risk of developing SIRS, sepsis, MOF, and deep venous thrombosis. Immune-targeted therapies may eventually serve as effective treatments in the acute setting to decrease morbidity and mortality, and to improve the management and prognosis of those patients at risk for developing postinjury complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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36
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Borden EC, Sen GC, Uze G, Silverman RH, Ransohoff RM, Foster GR, Stark GR. Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:975-90. [PMID: 18049472 PMCID: PMC7097588 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The family of interferon (IFN) proteins has now more than reached the potential envisioned by early discovering virologists: IFNs are not only antivirals with a spectrum of clinical effectiveness against both RNA and DNA viruses, but are also the prototypic biological response modifiers for oncology, and show effectiveness in suppressing manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Studies of IFNs have resulted in fundamental insights into cellular signalling mechanisms, gene transcription and innate and acquired immunity. Further elucidation of the multitude of IFN-induced genes, as well as drug development strategies targeting IFN production via the activation of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), will almost certainly lead to newer and more efficacious therapeutics. Our goal is to offer a molecular and clinical perspective that will enable IFNs or their TLR agonist inducers to reach their full clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest C. Borden
- Taussig Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, and Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195 Ohio USA
| | - Ganes C. Sen
- Taussig Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, and Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195 Ohio USA
| | - Gilles Uze
- CNRS UMR 5235, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, Cedex 5 FR34095 France
| | - Robert H. Silverman
- Taussig Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, and Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195 Ohio USA
| | - Richard M. Ransohoff
- Taussig Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, and Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195 Ohio USA
| | - Graham R. Foster
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 4AT UK
| | - George R. Stark
- Taussig Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, and Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44195 Ohio USA
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Boyle NT, Connor TJ. MDMA (“Ecstasy”) suppresses the innate IFN-γ response in vivo: A critical role for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:228-38. [PMID: 17689526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that the widely abused drug methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") suppresses innate interferon (IFN)-gamma production in mice following an in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. IFN-gamma signalling was also impaired by MDMA, as indicated by reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and reduced expression of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10); a chemokine induced by IFN-gamma. MDMA also suppressed production of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15; two cytokines that induce IFN-gamma production. Our results demonstrate that in vitro exposure to MDMA does not mimic the suppression of innate IFN-gamma observed in vivo, indicating that observed suppression is most likely due to the release of endogenous immunomodulatory substances following drug administration. In this regard, we previously demonstrated that MDMA increases production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in vivo, an event that is mediated by beta-adrenoceptor activation on immune cells. Considering that increased IL-10 production precedes suppression of IFN-gamma induced by MDMA, and also considering that IL-10 can inhibit IL-12 and IFN-gamma production, we examined the possibility that IL-10 was an essential mediator of the suppressive effect of MDMA on the IFN-gamma response. By pre-treating mice with an anti-IL-10 receptor antibody we demonstrate that IL-10 is a critical mediator of MDMA-induced suppression of IFN- gamma production and signalling. Consistent with a role for beta-adrenoceptor activation in the immunosuppressive actions of MDMA, pre-treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist nadolol blocked the MDMA-induced increase in IL-10, and also inhibited the suppressive action of MDMA on the innate IFN-gamma response. The potential clinical significance of these findings for MDMA users is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen T Boyle
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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38
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Hallermalm K, Johansson S, Bråve A, Ek M, Engström G, Boberg A, Gudmundsdotter L, Blomberg P, Mellstedt H, Stout R, Liu MA, Wahren B. Pre-clinical evaluation of a CEA DNA prime/protein boost vaccination strategy against colorectal cancer. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:43-51. [PMID: 17587345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In preparation for a clinical trial in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, a vaccination strategy targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated in mice using a GMP-produced plasmid DNA vaccine, CEA66, encoding a truncated form of the tumour-associated antigen, CEA. The GMP-produced CEA DNA vaccine was also evaluated for toxicity. Repeated intradermal administration of the GMP-produced vaccine using a novel needle-free jet injection device (Biojector) induced robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in mice, and did not result in any vaccine-related toxicity. In a heterologous DNA prime/protein boost setting, cellular immune responses were of higher magnitude in animals primed with CEA66 DNA than in animals receiving repeated doses of recombinant CEA protein. These responses were further enhanced if recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was given as an adjuvant prior to vaccination. In contrast to repeated administration of recombinant CEA protein as a single modality vaccine, the heterologous CEA66 DNA prime/rCEA boost vaccination strategy resulted in a qualitatively broader immune response, and supports clinical testing of this vaccination regimen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hallermalm
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - S Johansson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - A Bråve
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - M Ek
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - G Engström
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - A Boberg
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - L Gudmundsdotter
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - P Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - H Mellstedt
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - R Stout
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - M A Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
| | - B Wahren
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet & Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease ControlCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetVecura, Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Karolinska SjukhusetCancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, SwedenBioject Medical Technologies Inc., Tualatin, OR, USAProTherImmune, Lafayette, CA, USA
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Ma L, Luo L, Qiao H, Dong X, Pan S, Jiang H, Krissansen GW, Sun X. Complete eradication of hepatocellular carcinomas by combined vasostatin gene therapy and B7H3-mediated immunotherapy. J Hepatol 2007; 46:98-106. [PMID: 17109987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS B7H3 immunogene therapy is able to completely eradicate tumors when combined with an anti-vascular agent. The aim of this study was to determine whether vasostatin, a potent anti-angiogenic agent, could synergize with B7H3-mediated immunotherapy to combat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Vasostatin and B7H3 expression plasmids were constructed, and the in vitro and in vivo expression and anti-angiogenic activity of recombinant vasostatin were measured. The anti-tumor activities of B7H3 and vasostatin alone and in combination were assessed using single and multiple H22 tumor models. RESULTS Gene transfer of vasostatin inhibited the proliferation of aortic endothelial cells, and angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Subcutaneous H22 tumors established in BALB/c mice were completely eradicated in response to intratumoral injection of B7H3-expressing plasmids followed 24h later by vasostatin-expressing plasmids. In contrast, neither vasostatin nor B7H3 monotherapy was effective. Gene transfer of vasostatin inhibited tumor angiogenesis and enhanced infiltration of NK cells, whereas B7H3 therapy activated CD8+ and NK cells and increased their infiltration into tumors, and enhanced the levels of circulating IFN-gamma. B7H3 and vasostatin combination gene therapy was effective in combating a systemic challenge of parental H22 cells, and caused the complete regression of multiple distant tumor nodules. CONCLUSIONS Combining vasostatin anti-angiogenic therapy with B7H3-mediated immunotherapy warrants investigation as a therapeutic strategy to combat HCC, and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center of Heilongjiang Province/Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Subleski JJ, Hall VL, Back TC, Ortaldo JR, Wiltrout RH. Enhanced antitumor response by divergent modulation of natural killer and natural killer T cells in the liver. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11005-12. [PMID: 17108139 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of interleukin-18 (IL-18) together with IL-12 induced high levels of IFN-gamma in tumor-bearing mice and regression of liver tumors that was abolished in IFN-gamma((-/-)) mice. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells were the major producers of IFN-gamma in the livers of mice treated with IL-18 and/or IL-12. Liver NK cells were significantly increased by treatment with IL-18/IL-12, whereas the degree of liver NKT cell TCR detection was diminished by this treatment. Reduction of NK cells with anti-asGM1 decreased the antitumor activity of IL-18/IL-12 therapy and revealed NK cells to be an important component for tumor regression in the liver. In contrast, the antitumor effects of both IL-18 and IL-12 were further increased in CD1d((-/-)) mice, which lack NKT cells. Our data, therefore, show that the antitumor activity induced in mice by IL-18/IL-12 is NK and IFN-gamma dependent and is able to overcome an endogenous immunosuppressive effect of NKT cells in the liver microenvironment. These results suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches that enhance NK cell function while eliminating or altering NKT cells could be effective in the treatment of cancer in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Subleski
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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41
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Luo L, Qiao H, Meng F, Dong X, Zhou B, Jiang H, Kanwar JR, Krissansen GW, Sun X. Arsenic trioxide synergizes with B7H3-mediated immunotherapy to eradicate hepatocellular carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:1823-30. [PMID: 16217749 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)), a valuable anticancer drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, may also have therapeutic potential for the treatment of solid tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors is lacking even at high dosages. Other therapeutic strategies are required to enhance the efficacy of As(2)O(3) against solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is refractory to chemotherapy. B7H3, a new member of the B7 family, has been shown to induce antitumor immunity. Intratumoral injection of B7H3 plasmids eradicates small EL-4 lymphomas, but monotherapy is ineffective against large tumors. Here we investigated whether As(2)O(3) would synergize with B7H3 immunotherapy to combat HCC. Large subcutaneous H22 HCCs (0.7-0.8 cm in diameter) established in BALB/c mice were rapidly and completely eradicated when intratumoral administration of As(2)O(3) was preceded by in situ gene transfer of B7H3. In contrast, neither As(2)O(3) nor B7H3 monotherapy was effective. The antitumor activity of As(2)O(3) was attributed to increased tumor-cell apoptosis, perhaps as a result of direct cytotoxicity as well as decreased tumor angiogenesis. Combination therapy generated potent systemic antitumor immunity mediated by CD8(+) and NK cells that was effective in combating a systemic challenge of 1 x 10(7) parental H22 cells. It led to the simultaneous and complete regression of multiple distant tumor nodules, concomitant with increased levels of serum IFN-gamma and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. In conclusion, combining B7H3-mediated immunotherapy with As(2)O(3) warrants investigation as a therapeutic strategy to combat HCC, and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Luo
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center of Heilongjiang Province/Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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42
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Pedersen MW, Pedersen N, Damstrup L, Villingshøj M, Sønder SU, Rieneck K, Bovin LF, Spang-Thomsen M, Poulsen HS. Analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor specific transcriptome: effect of receptor expression level and an activating mutation. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96:412-27. [PMID: 16075456 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression or expression of activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common in cancer and correlates with neoplastic progression. The present study employed Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays to profile genes induced by ligand-activated EGFR with the receptor either moderately expressed or overexpressed at an in-itself transforming level. These changes were compared to those induced by the naturally occurring constitutively active variant EGFRvIII. This study provides novel insight on the activities and mechanisms of EGFRvIII and EGFR mediated transformation, as genes encoding proteins with functions in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis featured prominently in the EGFRvIII- and EGFR-expressing cells. Surprisingly, it was found that ligand-activated EGFR induced the expression of a large group of genes known to be inducible by interferons. Expression of this module was absent in the EGFRvIII-expressing cell line and the parental cell line. Treatment with the specific EGFR inhibitor AG1478 indicated that the regulations were primary, receptor-mediated events. Furthermore, activation of this module correlated with activation of STAT1 and STAT3. The results thus demonstrate that ligand-activated EGFR at different expression levels results in different kinetics of signaling and induction of gene expression. In addition, the constitutively active variant EGFRvIII seems to activate only a subset of signal pathways and induce a subset of genes as compared to the ligand-activated EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel W Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Sarkar D, Su ZZ, Vozhilla N, Park ES, Randolph A, Valerie K, Fisher PB. Targeted virus replication plus immunotherapy eradicates primary and distant pancreatic tumors in nude mice. Cancer Res 2005; 65:9056-63. [PMID: 16204080 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive neoplasm with no current viable, effective treatment options. In the majority of cases, at first diagnosis, pancreatic cancer has already become metastatic so that conventional treatment regimens provide minimal, if any, clinical benefit in prolonging life or ameliorating the negative prognosis of this disease. These harsh realities underscore the need for developing improved treatment paradigms for this cancer, with gene therapy and immunotherapy currently being evaluated as potential therapeutic options. We currently describe an adenovirus-based therapy for successfully managing pancreatic cancer, the cancer terminator virus (CTV), which is founded on targeted induction of viral replication from a cancer-specific progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) promoter (PEG-Prom) and immune modulation by IFN-gamma. The PEG-Prom functions selectively in cancer cells of diverse lineages compared with their normal cellular counterparts. In the CTV, the PEG-Prom drives expression of the adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) gene, necessary for virus replication, with IFN-gamma simultaneously being expressed from the E3 region. Infection of normal cells and pancreatic cancer cells with the CTV confirmed cancer cell-selective adenoviral replication, robust IFN-gamma production coupled with virus replication, growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction. Infection of established pancreatic tumors in nude mice with the CTV promoted viral replication, IFN-gamma production, and activation of antitumor immunity resulting in complete eradication of both primary and distant tumors, curing animals of disease. The CTV provides a novel reagent for treating pancreatic and other human cancers with potential for eliminating both primary tumors and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Xu LB, Chen L, Gao W, Du KH. Bovine immune colostrum against 17 strains of diarrhea bacteria and in vitro and in vivo effects of its specific IgG. Vaccine 2005; 24:2131-40. [PMID: 16314006 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine colostral antibodies of cows immunized with a multivalent vaccine consisting of whole cells of 17 strains of pathogenic diarrhea bacteria were generated, and the specific IgG with high activities and titres directed against these pathogens was purified using an ammonium sulfate precipitation and verified by SDS-PAGE. We demonstrate that specific IgG has a strong activity of inhibiting in vitro growth and colonization in pathogens by agglutinating with bacteria and destroying cell walls. Normal IgG purified from non-immunized bovine colostrum is incapable of eliciting the same consequences as specific IgG. Specific IgG prevents enteroinvasive Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhi-induced diarrhea and may exert an effective protection by enhancing splenic NK cell activity, elevating IL-2 level and inhibiting excessive release of TNF-alpha in mice. Thus, the specific IgG from colostral antibodies of immunized bovine can provide effective protection or therapy for multibacteria-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 122 Nanjing Ninghai Road, Nanjing 210097, PR China
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Kleindienst P, Wiethe C, Lutz MB, Brocker T. Simultaneous Induction of CD4 T Cell Tolerance and CD8 T Cell Immunity by Semimature Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3941-7. [PMID: 15778350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that depending on their maturation state, dendritic cells (DC) could either induce T cell tolerance (immature and semimature DC) or T cell activation (mature DC). Pretreatment of C57BL/6 mice with encephalitogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55) peptide-loaded semimature DC protected from MOG-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This protection was mediated by IL-10-producing CD4 T cells specific for the self Ag. Here we show that semimature DC loaded with the MHC class II-restricted nonself peptide Ag (OVA) induce an identical regulatory T cell cytokine pattern. However, semimature DC loaded simultaneously with MHC class II- and MHC class I-restricted peptides, could efficiently initiate CD8 T cell responses leading to autoimmune diabetes in a TCR-transgenic adoptive transfer model. Double-peptide-loaded semimature DC also induced simultaneously in the same animal partially activated CD8 T cells with cytolytic function as well as protection from MOG-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our study suggests that the decision between tolerance and immunity not only depends on the DC, but also on the type and activation requirements of the responding T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleindienst
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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46
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Pan J, Heiser A, Marget M, Steinmann J, Kabelitz D. Enhanced antimetastatic effect of fetal liver kinase 1 extracellular domain and interferon-gamma fusion gene-modified dendritic cell vaccination. Gene Ther 2005; 12:742-50. [PMID: 15729371 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic immunotherapy benefits from targeting antigens expressed on genetically stable endothelial cells and represents a novel modality for cancer treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as flk1 in mouse) mediated VEGF signaling is the key rate-limiting step in angiogenesis. Blockade of the flk1 signaling pathway can significantly inhibit tumor cell-induced angiogenesis and lead to inhibition of tumor metastasis. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays an important role in cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that immunization of mice with soluble flk1 (sflk1) and IFN-gamma fusion gene-transfected dendritic cells (DC-sflk1-IFN-gamma) would induce a potent CTL response to flk1, leading to an inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis. Our data show that immunization of mice with sflk1 gene-modified DC (DC-sflk1) could induce a CTL response to flk1, leading to profound inhibition of tumor-cell-induced angiogenesis and metastasis. However, more striking antimetastatic effects were achieved through induction of enhanced CTL response to flk1 and augmented inhibition of angiogenesis when mice were immunized with DC-sflk1-IFN-gamma. In vivo T-cell subset depletion experiments showed that CD8(+) T cells were mainly responsible for this antimetastatic effect. Our data extend the notion that DC-based active antiangiogenic immunotherapy is an effective modality for cancer treatment, and show that the antitumor efficacy of this strategy can be improved by combination with DC-based cytokine immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/secondary
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Electroporation
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization/methods
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Plasmids
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Since the discovery of ubiquitin in 1975, the poly-ubiquitylation pathway has earned a prominent place in biomedical research as the "garbage disposal" system of the cell. Modification with poly-ubiquitin chains plays an important role in normal protein turnover and also in removing damaged or misfolded proteins. More recently, the elucidation of mono-ubiquitylation of protein substrates has shown additional important roles for ubiquitylation in processes, such as transcriptional regulation, viral budding, and receptor internalization. Intriguingly, this voyage of discovery is now repeating itself with a new generation of ubiquitin-like (ubl) modifiers, such as SUMO and NEDD8. The functional consequences of SUMO and NEDD8 modification are thus beginning to be revealed. A less known member of this ubiquitin-like family is ISG 15, a modifier encoded by an interferon-stimulated gene. Recent publications have ascribed important functions for this molecule in various biological pathways from pregnancy to innate immune responses. Furthermore, ISG 15 has been found to modify several important molecules and affect type I interferon signal transduction. Here, we review ISG 15-related work and highlight important biological questions which need to be posed in order to further elucidate the biological consequences of ISG15 and ISG15 modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Ritchie
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM-L51, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Kaminogawa S, Nanno M. Modulation of Immune Functions by Foods. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2004; 1:241-250. [PMID: 15841257 PMCID: PMC538513 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is rapidly accumulating as to the beneficial effects of foods. However, it is not always clear whether the information is based on data evaluated impartially in a scientific fashion. Human research into whether foods modulate immune functions in either intervention studies or randomized controlled trials can be classified into three categories according to the physical state of subjects enrolled for investigation: (i) studies examining the effect of foods in healthy individuals; (ii) studies analyzing the effect of foods on patients with hypersensitivity; and (iii) studies checking the effect of foods on immunocompromized subjects, including patients who had undergone surgical resection of cancer and newborns. The systematization of reported studies has made it reasonable to conclude that foods are able to modulate immune functions manifesting as either innate immunity (phagocytic activity, NK cell activity) or acquired immunity (T cell response, antibody production). Moreover, improvement of immune functions by foods can normalize the physical state of allergic patients or cancer patients, and may reduce the risk of diseases in healthy individuals. Therefore, it is valuable to assess the immune-modulating abilities of foods by measuring at least one parameter of either innate or acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kaminogawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon UniversityJapan
- For reprints and all correspondence: Shuichi Kaminogawa, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252–8510, Japan. Tel: +81-466-84-3983; Fax +81-466-84-3983; E-mail:
| | - Masanobu Nanno
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological ResearchJapan
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49
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Isenberg JS, Vinod-Kumar S, White G, Ojeifo JO. Hematopoietic stem cells mobilization and immune response in tumor-bearing mice. Ann Plast Surg 2004; 52:523-30; discussion 531. [PMID: 15096946 DOI: 10.1097/01.sap.0000123355.38162.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant diseases are known to modulate the number and function of myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid cells. Since these cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), it is not clear if the observed effects of cancer on such cells are direct or indirect via stem cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of breast cancer upon the levels and activity of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four weeks following the establishment of 4T1 breast cancers in BALB/c mice, the animals were killed, blood and spleen harvested, and processed for light density mononuclear cells. Colony forming unit in culture assay was used to determine the activity of HSCs. Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of lineage negative HSCs expressing c-kit and Sca-1 antigen (Lin c-kitSca-1). Mitogenic, cytotoxic and ELISPOT assays were used to evaluate functional properties of cells. Plasma cytokine levels were determined with ELISA assay. RESULTS In tumor-bearing mice, there was a 2- and 4-fold increase in the levels and proliferative capacity of HSCs, respectively, compared with controls. Contemporaneously, there was a 13-fold increase in plasma G-CSF in tumor-bearing animals compared with controls (0.225 ng/ml versus 3.0 ng/ml). Furthermore, the number of interferon gamma-secreting cells was significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals. Concurrently, cytotoxic activity of NK cells was significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals as compared with controls (22.4 +/- 10.6 versus 10.3 +/- 2.95; P < 0.05). SUMMARY These results suggest that (1) breast cancer mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells in mice presumably through G-CSF production, and (2) that such cancer-mobilized stem cells give rise to immune cell lineages which are functionally hyperactive in their cytotoxic activities. Such cells could be expected to have appreciable therapeutic benefit in terms of cancer cell cytotoxic activity when used as part of stem cell transplantation therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Department of Oncology, The Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Shi X, Cao S, Mitsuhashi M, Xiang Z, Ma X. Genome-wide analysis of molecular changes in IL-12-induced control of mammary carcinoma via IFN-gamma-independent mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:4111-22. [PMID: 15034023 PMCID: PMC2956987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 is a major activator of tumor-killing NK cells and CTL. IFN-gamma mediates most of the well-known immunological activities of IL-12. In this study, we report IFN-gamma-independent activities induced by therapeutic application of rIL-12 in restricting tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. IFN-gamma-deficient mice carrying 4T1 tumor exhibit no gross defect in the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but have exaggerated angiogenesis in the tumor. Administration of IL-12 is able to constrict blood vessels in the tumor in the absence of IFN-gamma, and retains certain therapeutic efficacy even when applied late during tumor progression. IL-12 exposure in vivo does not irreversibly alter the immunogenicity of the tumor. Finally, global gene expression analysis of primary tumors reveals IL-12-induced molecular patterns and changes, implicating a number of novel genes potentially important for IFN-gamma-independent immune responses against the tumor, for IL-12-mediated antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenesis activities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaojing Ma
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Xiaojing Ma, Department of, Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300, York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.
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