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Forero-Forero A, López-Ramírez S, Felix R, Hernández-Sánchez J, Tesoro-Cruz E, Orozco-Suárez S, Murbartián J, Soria-Castro E, Olivares A, Bekker-Méndez C, Paredes-Cervantes V, Oviedo N. Down Regulation of Catsper1 Expression by Calmodulin Inhibitor (Calmidazolium): Possible Implications for Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158070. [PMID: 35897646 PMCID: PMC9331981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CatSper channel localizes exclusively in the flagella of sperm cells. The Catsper1 protein, together with three pore units, is essential for the CatSper Channel formation, which produces flagellum hyperactivation and confers sperm fertility. Catsper1 expression is dependent on Sox transcription factors, which can recognize in vitro at least three Sox binding sites on the promoter. Sox transcription factors have calmodulin-binding domains for nuclear importation. Calmodulin (CaM) is affected by the specific inhibitor calmidazolium (CMZ), which prevents the nuclear transport of Sox factors. In this work, we assess the regulation of the Catsper1 promoter in vivo by Sox factors in the murine testis and evaluate the effects of the inhibitor calmidazolium on the expression of the Casper genes, and the motility and fertility of the sperm. Catsper1 promoter has significant transcriptional activity in vivo; on the contrary, three Sox site mutants in the Catsper1 promoter reduced transcriptional activity in the testis. CaM inhibition affects Sox factor nuclear transport and has notable implications in the expression and production of Catsper1, as well as in the motility and fertility capability of sperm. The molecular mechanism described here might conform to the basis of a male contraceptive strategy acting at the transcriptional level by affecting the production of the CatSper channel, a fundamental piece of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Forero-Forero
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Stephany López-Ramírez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital General de Zona Núm. 68, Ecatepec 55400, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Javier Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Médico Nacional siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Sede sur, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavéz”, Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Ciudad de México 01090, Mexico;
| | - Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Norma Oviedo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557821088 (ext. 24315)
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Koepp TN, Tokaj A, Nedvetsky PI, Conchon Costa AC, Snieder B, Schröter R, Ciarimboli G. Properties of Transport Mediated by the Human Organic Cation Transporter 2 Studied in a Polarized Three-Dimensional Epithelial Cell Culture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179658. [PMID: 34502566 PMCID: PMC8432172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal secretory clearance for organic cations (neurotransmitters, metabolism products and drugs) is mediated by transporters specifically expressed in the basolateral and apical plasma membrane domains of proximal tubule cells. Here, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) is the main transporter for organic cations in the basolateral membrane domain. In this study, we stably expressed hOCT2 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and cultivated these cells in the presence of an extracellular matrix to obtain three-dimensional (3D) structures (cysts). The transport properties of hOCT2 expressed in MDCK cysts were compared with those measured using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably transfected with hOCT2 (hOCT2-HEK cells). In the MDCK cysts, hOCT2 was expressed in the basolateral membrane domain and showed a significant uptake of the fluorescent organic cation 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+) with an affinity (Km) of 3.6 ± 1.2 µM, similar to what was measured in the hOCT2-HEK cells (Km = 3.1 ± 0.2 µM). ASP+ uptake was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (TEA+), tetrapentylammonium (TPA+), metformin and baricitinib both in the hOCT2-HEK cells and the hOCT2- MDCK cysts, even though the apparent affinities of TEA+ and baricitinib were dependent on the expression system. Then, hOCT2 was subjected to the same rapid regulation by inhibition of p56lck tyrosine kinase or calmodulin in the hOCT2-HEK cells and hOCT2- MDCK cysts. However, inhibition of casein kinase II regulated only activity of hOCT2 expressed in MDCK cysts and not in HEK cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the 3D cell culture model is a suitable tool for the functional analysis of hOCT2 transport properties, depending on cell polarization.
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Turovsky EA, Zinchenko VP, Kaimachnikov NP. Attenuation of calmodulin regulation evokes Ca 2+ oscillations: evidence for the involvement of intracellular arachidonate-activated channels and connexons. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:191-204. [PMID: 30756222 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Са2+ controls its own level by regulation of Ca2+ transport across the plasma and organellar membranes, often acting via calmodulin (CaM). Drugs antagonizing CaM action induce an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in different cells. We have found persistent Са2+ oscillations in cultured white adipocytes in response to calmidazolium (CMZ). They appeared at [CMZ] > 1 μM as repetitive sharp spikes mainly superimposed on a transient or elevated baseline. Similar oscillations were observed when we used trifluoperazine. Oscillations evoked by 5 μM CMZ resulted from the release of stored Ca2+ and were supported by Са2+ entry. Inhibition of store-operated channels by YM-58483 or 2-APB did not change the responses. Phospholipase A2 inhibited by AACOCF3 was responsible for initial Ca2+ mobilization, but not for subsequent oscillations, whereas inhibition of iPLA2 by BEL had no effect. Phospholipase C was partially involved in both stages as revealed with U73122. Intracellular Са2+ stores engaged by CMZ were entirely dependent on thapsigargin. The oscillations existed in the presence of inhibitors of ryanodine or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, or antagonists of Ca2+ transport by lysosome-like acidic stores. Carbenoxolone or octanol, blockers of hemichannels (connexons), when applied for two hours, prevented oscillations but did not affect the initial Са2+ release. Incubation with La3+ for 2 or 24 h inhibited all responses to CMZ, retaining the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ rise. These results suggest that Ca2+-CaM regulation suppresses La3+-sensitive channels in non-acidic organelles, of which arachidonate-activated channels initiate Ca2+ oscillations, and connexons are intimately implicated in their generation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor A Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Nikolai P Kaimachnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290.
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Baburina Y, Odinokova I, Azarashvili T, Akatov V, Sotnikova L, Krestinina O. Possible Involvement of 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide-3'-Phosphodiesterase in the Protein Phosphorylation-Mediated Regulation of the Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113499. [PMID: 30405014 PMCID: PMC6274948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium as a secondary messenger regulates the phosphorylation of several membrane-bound proteins in brain and liver mitochondria. Regulation of the activity of different protein kinases and phosphatases by Ca2+ occurs through its binding with calmodulin. The protein phosphorylation is strongly dependent on the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C. CNPase and melatonin (MEL) might interact with calmodulin. The effects of the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium and the inhibitor of protein kinase A H89 on mPTP opening in rat brain mitochondria of male Wistar rats were investigated. In addition, the role of CNPase, serine/threonine kinases, and MEL in the mPTP opening was examined. The anti-CNPase antibody added to rat brain mitochondria (RBM) reduced the content of CNPase in mitochondria. The threshold [Ca2+] decreased, and mitochondrial swelling was accelerated in the presence of the anti-CNPase antibody. H89 enhanced the effect of anti-CNPase antibody and accelerated the swelling of mitochondria, while CmZ abolished the effect of anti-CNPase antibody under mPTP opening. The levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β increased, while the MEL content did not change. It can be assumed that CNPase may be involved in the regulation of these kinases, which in turn plays an important role in mPTP functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Baburina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Irina Odinokova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Tamara Azarashvili
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Akatov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Linda Sotnikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Olga Krestinina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
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5
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Lee J, Kim MS, Kim MA, Jang YK. Calmidazolium chloride inhibits growth of murine embryonal carcinoma cells, a model of cancer stem-like cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:86-92. [PMID: 27247146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calmidazolium chloride (CMZ) is widely used as a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, but is also known to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. However, in spite of the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer therapy, the effects of CMZ on CSCs are not yet well understood. We investigated the effects of CMZ on the F9 embryonal carcinoma cell (ECC) line as a surrogate model of CSCs. To avoid bias due to culture conditions, F9 ECCs and E14 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were grown in the same culture medium. Results obtained using a cell-counting kit showed that CMZ significantly inhibited growth in F9 ECCs compared with growth in E14 ESCs. CMZ also induced apoptosis of F9 ECCs, but not of E14 ESCs, which was associated with caspase-3 activation and an increased fraction of the sub-G1 cell population. In addition, our data revealed that the expression of stemness-related genes including c-Myc was selectively down regulated in CMZ-treated F9 ECCs. Our results suggest that CMZ can inhibit the growth of ECCs by inducing apoptosis and down regulating stemness-related genes, without causing any harm to normal stem cells. These findings indicate a potential application of CMZ in the development of anti-CSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Aeh Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun Kyu Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Budu A, Gomes MM, Melo PM, El Chamy Maluf S, Bagnaresi P, Azevedo MF, Carmona AK, Gazarini ML. Calmidazolium evokes high calcium fluctuations in Plasmodium falciparum. Cell Signal 2015; 28:125-135. [PMID: 26689736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and calmodulin (CaM) are important players in eukaryote cell signaling. In the present study, by using a knockin approach, we demonstrated the expression and localization of CaM in all erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Under extracellular Ca(2+)-free conditions, calmidazolium (CZ), a potent CaM inhibitor, promoted a transient cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)]cyt) increase in isolated trophozoites, indicating that CZ mobilizes intracellular sources of calcium. In the same extracellular Ca(2+)-free conditions, the [Ca(2+)]cyt rise elicited by CZ treatment was ~3.5 fold higher when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store was previously depleted ruling out the mobilization of calcium from the ER by CZ. The effects of the Ca(2+)/H(+) ionophore ionomycin (ION) and the Na(+)/H(+) ionophore monensin (MON) suggest that the [Ca(2+)]cyt-increasing effect of CZ is driven by the removal of Ca(2+) from at least one Ca(2+)-CaM-related (CaMR) protein as well as by the mobilization of Ca(2+) from intracellular acidic calcium stores. Moreover, we showed that the mitochondrion participates in the sequestration of the cytosolic Ca(2+) elicited by CZ. Finally, the modulation of membrane Ca(2+) channels by CZ and thapsigargin (THG) was demonstrated. The opened channels were blocked by the unspecific calcium channel blocker Co(2+) but not by 2-APB (capacitative calcium entry inhibitor) or nifedipine (L-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitor). Taken together, the results suggested that one CaMR protein is an important modulator of calcium signaling and homeostasis during the Plasmodium intraerythrocytic cell cycle, working as a relevant intracellular Ca(2+) reservoir in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Budu
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayrim M Gomes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pollyana M Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah El Chamy Maluf
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Piero Bagnaresi
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro F Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos L Gazarini
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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James LR, Griffiths CH, Garthwaite J, Bellamy TC. Inhibition of nitric oxide-activated guanylyl cyclase by calmodulin antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1454-64. [PMID: 19845679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nitric oxide (NO) controls numerous physiological processes by activation of its receptor, guanylyl cyclase (sGC), leading to the accumulation of 3'-5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM) regulates both NO synthesis by NO synthase and cGMP hydrolysis by phosphodiesterase-1. We report that, unexpectedly, the CaM antagonists, calmidazolium, phenoxybenzamine and trifluoperazine, also inhibited cGMP accumulation in cerebellar cells evoked by an exogenous NO donor, with IC(50) values of 11, 80 and 180 microM respectively. Here we sought to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used cerebellar cell suspensions to determine the influence of CaM antagonists on all steps of the NO-cGMP pathway. Homogenized tissue and purified enzyme were used to test effects of calmidazolium on sGC activity. KEY RESULTS Inhibition of cGMP accumulation in the cells did not depend on changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Degradation of cGMP and inactivation of NO were both inhibited by the CaM antagonists, ruling out increased loss of cGMP or NO as explanations. Instead, calmidazolium directly inhibited purified sGC (IC(50)= 10 microM). The inhibition was not in competition with NO, nor did it arise from displacement of the haem moiety from sGC. Calmidazolium decreased enzyme V(max) and K(m), indicating that it acts in an uncompetitive manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The disruption of every stage of NO signal transduction by common CaM antagonists, unrelated to CaM antagonism, cautions against their utility as pharmacological tools. More positively, the compounds exemplify a novel class of sGC inhibitors that, with improved selectivity, may be therapeutically valuable.
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8
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Kumar S, Kain V, Sitasawad SL. Cardiotoxicity of calmidazolium chloride is attributed to calcium aggravation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:699-709. [PMID: 19497364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca](i)) regulates cell viability and contractility in myocardial cells. Elevation of the [Ca](i) level occurs by entry of calcium ions (Ca(2+)) through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane and release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calmidazolium chloride (CMZ), a subgroup II calmodulin antagonist, blocks L-type calcium channels as well as voltage-dependent Na(+) and K(+) channel currents. This study elaborates on the events that contribute to the cytotoxic effects of CMZ on the heart. We hypothesized that apoptotic cell death occurs in the cardiac cells through calcium accumulation, production of reactive oxygen species, and the cytochrome c-mediated PARP activation pathway. CMZ significantly increased the production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and nitric oxide (NO) as detected by FACS and confocal microscopy. CMZ induced mitochondrial damage by increasing the levels of intracellular calcium, lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby inducing cytochrome c release. Apoptotic cell death was observed in H9c2 cells exposed to 25 microM CMZ for 24 h. This is the first report that elaborates on the mechanism of CMZ-induced cardiotoxicity. CMZ causes apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial activity and contractility indices and increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress, ultimately leading to cell death via an intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Liao WC, Huang CC, Cheng HH, Wang JL, Lin KL, Cheng JS, Chai KL, Hsu PT, Tsai JY, Fang YC, Lu YC, Chang HT, Huang JK, Chou CT, Jan CR. Effect of calmidazolium on [Ca2+]i and viability in human hepatoma cells. Arch Toxicol 2008; 83:61-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Surface plasmon resonance characterization of calspermin–calmodulin binding kinetics. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Daly JW, Camerini-Otero CS. Imidazole-induced elevations of intracellular calcium in HL-60 cells: effect of inhibition of phospholipase C by the steroidal maleimide U73122. Drug Dev Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Peppiatt C, Holmes A, Seo J, Bootman M, Collins T, McMDONALD F, Roderick H. Calmidazolium and arachidonate activate a calcium entry pathway that is distinct from store-operated calcium influx in HeLa cells. Biochem J 2004; 381:929-39. [PMID: 15130089 PMCID: PMC1133905 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agonists that deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores also activate Ca2+ entry, although the mechanism by which store release and Ca2+ influx are linked is unclear. A potential mechanism involves 'store-operated channels' that respond to depletion of the intracellular Ca2+ pool. Although SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry) has been considered to be the principal route for Ca2+ entry during hormonal stimulation of non-electrically excitable cells, recent evidence has suggested that alternative pathways activated by metabolites such as arachidonic acid are responsible for physiological Ca2+ influx. It is not clear whether such messenger-activated pathways exist in all cells, whether they are truly distinct from SOCE and which metabolites are involved. In the present study, we demonstrate that HeLa cells express two pharmacologically and mechanistically distinct Ca2+ entry pathways. One is the ubiquitous SOCE route and the other is an arachidonate-sensitive non-SOCE. We show that both these Ca2+ entry pathways can provide long-lasting Ca2+ elevations, but that the channels are not the same, based on their differential sensitivity to 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, LOE-908 [(R,S)-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-isochinolin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-N,N-di[2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamid mesylate] and gadolinium. In addition, non-SOCE and not SOCE was permeable to strontium. Furthermore, unlike SOCE, the non-SOCE pathway did not require store depletion and was not sensitive to displacement of the endoplasmic reticulum from the plasma membrane using jasplakinolide or ionomycin pretreatment. These pathways did not conduct Ca2+ simultaneously due to the dominant effect of arachidonate, which rapidly curtails SOCE and promotes Ca2+ influx via non-SOCE. Although non-SOCE could be activated by exogenous application of arachidonate, the most robust method for stimulation of this pathway was application of the widely used calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium, due to its ability to activate phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Peppiatt
- *Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
| | - Anthony M. Holmes
- *Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
| | - Jeong T. Seo
- *Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
| | | | - Tony J. Collins
- *Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
| | - Fraser McMDONALD
- †Bone Research Unit, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Floor 22, Guy's Tower, UMDS, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - H. Llewelyn Roderick
- *Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
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13
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Wetzel DM, Chen LA, Ruiz FA, Moreno SNJ, Sibley LD. Calcium-mediated protein secretion potentiates motility in Toxoplasma gondii. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:5739-48. [PMID: 15507483 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexans such as Toxoplasma gondii actively invade host cells using a unique parasite-dependent mechanism termed gliding motility. Calcium-mediated protein secretion by the parasite has been implicated in this process, but the precise role of calcium signaling in motility remains unclear. Here we used calmidazolium as a tool to stimulate intracellular calcium fluxes and found that this drug led to enhanced motility by T. gondii. Treatment with calmidazolium increased the duration of gliding and resulted in trails that were twice as long as those formed by control parasites. Calmidazolium also increased microneme secretion by T. gondii, and studies with a deletion mutant of the accessory protein m2AP specifically implicated that adhesin MIC2 was important for gliding. The effects of calmidazolium on gliding and secretion were due to increased release of calcium from intracellular stores and calcium influx from the extracellular milieu. In addition, we demonstrate that calmidazolium-stimulated increases in intracellular calcium were highly dynamic, and that rapid fluxes in calcium levels were associated with parasite motility. Our studies suggest that oscillations in intracellular calcium levels may regulate microneme secretion and control gliding motility in T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wetzel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Tseng LL, Huang CJ, Hsu SS, Chen JS, Cheng HH, Chang HT, Jiann BP, Jan CR. Effect of calmidazolium on Ca2+ movement and proliferation in human osteosarcoma cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31:732-7. [PMID: 15554916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In human MG63 osteosarcoma cells, the effect of calmidazolium on [Ca(2+)](i) and proliferation was explored using fura-2 and ELISA, respectively. Calmidazolium, at concentrations greater than 0.1 micromol/L, caused a rapid increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner (EC(50) = 0.5 micromol/L). The calmidazolium-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase was reduced by 66% by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). In Ca(2+)-free medium, thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, caused a monophasic increase in [Ca(2+)](i), after which the effect of calmidazolium to increase [Ca(2+)](i) was completely inhibited. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), abolished histamine (but not calmidazolium)-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i). Pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to activate protein kinase C inhibited the calmidazolium-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in Ca(2+)-containing medium by 47%. Separately, it was found that overnight treatment with 2-10 micromol/L calmidazolium inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that calmidazolium increases [Ca(2+)](i) by stimulating extracellular Ca(2+) influx and also by causing release of intracellular Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum in a PLC-independent manner. Calmidazolium may be cytotoxic to osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Nickols HH, Shah VN, Chazin WJ, Limbird LE. Calmodulin interacts with the V2 vasopressin receptor: elimination of binding to the C terminus also eliminates arginine vasopressin-stimulated elevation of intracellular calcium. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:46969-80. [PMID: 15319442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407351200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify molecules that might contribute to V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) trafficking or signaling, we searched for novel interacting proteins with this receptor. Preliminary data, using the V2R C terminus as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, revealed calmodulin as a binding partner. Because calmodulin interacts with other G protein-coupled receptors, we explored this interaction and its possible functional relevance in greater detail. A Ca2+ -dependent interaction occurs between calmodulin-linked agarose and the holo-V2R as well as the V2R C terminus. Truncation and site-directed mutagenesis of the V2R C terminus revealed an involvement of an RGR sequence in this interaction. NMR studies showed that a peptide fragment of the V2R C terminus containing the RGR sequence binds to calmodulin in a Ca2+ -dependent manner with a Kd < or =1.5 microm; concentration-dependent binding of the V2R C terminus to calmodulin-agarose was used to estimate a Kd value of approximately 200 nm for this entire C-terminal sequence as expressed in mammalian cells. Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells stably expressing either wild type or a mutant V2R, in which the RGR C-terminal sequence was mutated to alanines (AAA V2R), revealed that the steady-state localization and agonist-induced internalization of the AAA V2R resembled that of the wild type V2R in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. V2R binding of agonist similarly was unchanged in the AAA V2R, as was the concentration response for arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Most interestingly, AVP-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ observed for the wild type V2R were virtually eliminated for the AAA V2R. Taken together, the data suggest that a C-terminal region of the V2R important for calmodulin interaction is also important in modulation of V2R elevation of intracellular Ca2+, a prerequisite for AVP-induced fusion of aquaporin-containing vesicles with the apical surface of renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Highfield Nickols
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, USA
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16
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Saris NEL, Teplova VV, Odinokova IV, Azarashvily TS. Interference of calmidazolium with measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential using the tetraphenylphosphonium electrode or the fluorescent probe rhodamine 123. Anal Biochem 2004; 328:109-12. [PMID: 15113685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Calmidazolium (CMZ) is a positively charged, hydrophobic compound used as a calmodulin antagonist. It may cause unspecific effects in mitochondria, e.g., a decrease in membrane potential (deltapsi), swelling, and uncoupling. Several groups have advised against use of CMZ in studying signal transduction in mitochondria. We report here that it interferes with measurement of deltapsi in rat liver mitochondria (RLM) when using the tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP+) electrode. We also found that CMZ reduces the signal, indicating an apparent drop in deltapsi. CMZ itself gave a signal with the TPP+ electrode in the absence of RLM. At high concentrations, > 10 microM, it also reduced the fluorescence quenching of the probe rhodamine 123. This may be due to an interference with mitochondrial uptake and binding of this positively charged probe or to an uncoupling effect. It is concluded that CMZ and similar positively charged calmodulin antagonists such as trifluoperazine may be used in mitochondria if these interferences are controlled and calibration is carried out under the experimental conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils-Erik L Saris
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter I, P.O.Box 56, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Chernova MN, Stewart AK, Jiang L, Friedman DJ, Kunes YZ, Alper SL. Structure-function relationships of AE2 regulation by Ca(i)(2+)-sensitive stimulators NH(4+) and hypertonicity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C1235-46. [PMID: 12529246 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00522.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that the nonerythroid anion exchanger AE2 and the erythroid anion exchanger AE1 differ greatly in their regulation by acute changes in intracellular pH (pH(i)) and extracellular pH (pH(o)). We have now examined how AE2, but not AE1, is activated by two stimuli with opposing effects on oocyte pH(i): an alkalinizing stimulus, hypertonicity, and an acidifying stimulus, NH(4)(+). We find that both NH(2)-terminal cytoplasmic and COOH-terminal transmembrane domains of AE2 are required for activation by either stimulus. Directed by initial deletion mutagenesis studies of the NH(2)-terminal cytoplasmic domain, an alanine scan of AE2 amino acids 336-347 identified residues whose individual mutation abolished or severely attenuated sensitivity to both or only one activating stimulus. Chelation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) (Ca(i)(2+)) diminished or abolished AE2 stimulation by NH(4)(+) and by hypertonicity. Calmidazolium inhibited AE2 activity, but not that of AE1. AE2 was insensitive to many other modifiers of Ca(2+) signaling. Unlike AE2 stimulation by NH(4)(+) and by hypertonicity, AE2 inhibition by calmidazolium required only AE2's COOH-terminal transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Chernova
- Molecular Medicine and Renal Units, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Calmodulin kinase pathway mediates the K+-induced increase in Gap junctional communication between mouse spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci 2001. [PMID: 11517253 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.21-17-06635.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are coupled to one another by gap junction channels that allow the diffusion of ions and small molecules throughout the interconnected syncytium. In astrocytes, gap junctions are believed to participate in spatial buffering removing the focal excess of potassium resultant from intense neuronal activity by current loops through the syncytium and are also implicated in the propagation of astrocytic calcium waves, a form of extraneuronal signaling. Gap junctions can be modulated by several factors, including elevation of extracellular potassium concentration. Because K(+) elevation is a component of spinal cord injury, we evaluated the extent to which cultured spinal cord astrocytes is affected by K(+) levels and obtained evidence suggesting that a Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM) protein kinase is involved in the K(+)-induced increased coupling. Exposure of astrocytes to high K(+) solutions induced a dose-dependent increase in dye coupling; such increased coupling was greatly attenuated by reducing extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, prevented by nifedipine, and potentiated by Bay-K-8644. These results indicate that K(+)-induced increased coupling is mediated by a signaling pathway that is dependent on the influx of Ca(2+) through L-type Ca(2+) channels. Evidence supporting the participation of the CaM kinase pathway on K(+)-induced increased coupling was obtained in experiments showing that calmidazolium and KN-93 totally prevented the increase in dye and electrical coupling induced by high K(+) solutions. Because no changes in connexin43 expression levels or distribution were observed in astrocytes exposed to high K(+) solutions, we propose that the increased junctional communication is related to an increased number of active channels within gap junction plaques.
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Jan CR, Wang JL, Chou KJ, Cheng JS, Lee KC, Tseng LL, Wang SP, Tang KY, Huang JK. NPC-14686, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in MDCK renal tubular cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 22:915-21. [PMID: 11090700 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effect of NPC-14686 (Fmoc-L-homophenylalanine), a novel anti-inflammatory agent on intracellular free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) renal tubular cells, was investigated, using fura-2 as a Ca(2+) dye. At concentrations between 10 and 200 microM NPC-14686 increased [Ca(2+)](i) concentration dependently. The [Ca(2+)](i) signal comprised an initial rise and a sustained phase. Ca(2+) removal inhibited the Ca(2+) signals by 90%. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with 100 microM NPC-14686 nearly abolished the [Ca(2+)](i) increase induced by 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor) and abolished the [Ca(2+)](i) increase induced by 2 microM carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (a mitochondrial uncoupler). NPC-14686 (100 microM) induced a slight [Ca(2+)](i) increase after pretreatment with 2 microM CCCP and 1 microM thapsigargin. Addition of 3 mM Ca(2+) elicited a [Ca(2+)](i) increase in cells pretreated with 100 microM NPC-14686 in Ca(2+)-free medium. Inhibition of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) production by suppressing phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 did not alter NPC-14686-induced Ca(2+) release. Trypan blue exclusion revealed that incubation with 10 or 200 microM NPC-14686 for 1-30 min decreased cell viability by 10-20% concentration dependently. Collectively, the results demonstrate that, in MDCK tubular cells, NPC-14686 induced Ca(2+) release followed by Ca(2+) entry, with the latter playing a major role. NPC-14686 appears to release intracellular Ca(2+) in an IP(3)-uncoupled manner. NPC-14686 may be of mild cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta Chung 1st Road, 813, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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