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Gowda A, Pathak SK, Rohaley GAR, Acharjee G, Oprandi A, Williams R, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T. Organic chiral nano- and microfilaments: types, formation, and template applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:316-340. [PMID: 37921354 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic chiral nanofilaments are part of an important class of nanoscale chiral materials that has recently been receiving significant attention largely due to their potential use in applications such as optics, photonics, metameterials, and potentially a range of medical as well as sensing applications. This review will focus on key examples of the formation of such nano- and micro-filaments based on carbon nanofibers, polymers, synthetic oligo- and polypeptides, self-assembled organic molecules, and one prominent class of liquid crystals. The most critical aspects discussed here are the underlying driving forces for chiral filament formation, potentially answering why specific sizes and shapes are formed, what molecular design strategies are working equally well or rather differently among these materials classes, and what uses and applications are driving research in this fascinating field of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathanarayana Gowda
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Grace A R Rohaley
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Gourab Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Andrea Oprandi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Ryan Williams
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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2
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Alaasar M, Cai X, Kraus F, Giese M, Liu F, Tschierske C. Controlling ambidextrous mirror symmetry breaking in photosensitive supramolecular polycatenars by alkyl-chain engineering. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
New fluid states of matter, now known as liquid crystals, were discovered at the end of the 19th century and still provide strong themes in scientific research. The applications of liquid crystals continue to attract attention, and the most successful so far has been to the technology of flat panel displays; this has diversified in recent years and LCDs no longer dominate the industry. Despite this, there is plenty more to be uncovered in the science of liquid crystals, and as well as new applications, novel types of liquid crystal phases continue to be discovered. The simplest liquid crystal phase is the nematic together with its handed or chiral equivalent, named the cholesteric phase. In the latter, the aligned molecules of the nematic twist about an axis perpendicular to their alignment axis, but in the 1970s a heliconical phase with a tilt angle of less than 90° was predicted. The discovery of this phase nearly 40 years later is described in this paper. Robert Meyer proposed that coupling between a vector order parameter in a nematic and a splay or bend elastic distortion could result in spontaneously splayed or bent structures. Later, Ivan Dozov suggested that new nematic phases with splay–bend or twist–bend structures could be stabilised if the appropriate elastic constants became negative. Theoretical speculation on new nematic phases and the experimental identification of nematic–nematic phase transitions are reviewed in the paper, and the serendipitous discovery in 2010 of the nematic twist–bend phase in 1″,7″-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl)heptane (CB7CB) is described.
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Dietrich CF. Lyotropic nematic liquid crystals: interplay between a small twist elastic constant and chirality effects under confined geometries. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2021.1928961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Liquids and Their Impact on the Development of Homochirality in Abiogenesis: Emerging Proto-RNA as Source of Biochirality? Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in mirror symmetry breaking and chirality amplification in isotropic liquids and liquid crystalline cubic phases of achiral molecule is reviewed and discussed with respect to its implications for the hypothesis of emergence of biological chirality. It is shown that mirror symmetry breaking takes place in fluid systems where homochiral interactions are preferred over heterochiral and a dynamic network structure leads to chirality synchronization if the enantiomerization barrier is sufficiently low, i.e., that racemization drives the development of uniform chirality. Local mirror symmetry breaking leads to conglomerate formation. Total mirror symmetry breaking requires either a proper phase transitions kinetics or minor chiral fields, leading to stochastic and deterministic homochirality, respectively, associated with an extreme chirality amplification power close to the bifurcation point. These mirror symmetry broken liquids are thermodynamically stable states and considered as possible systems in which uniform biochirality could have emerged. A model is hypothesized, which assumes the emergence of uniform chirality by chirality synchronization in dynamic “helical network fluids” followed by polymerization, fixing the chirality and leading to proto-RNA formation in a single process.
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Lehmann A, Alaasar M, Poppe M, Poppe S, Prehm M, Nagaraj M, Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, Tschierske C. Stereochemical Rules Govern the Soft Self-Assembly of Achiral Compounds: Understanding the Heliconical Liquid-Crystalline Phases of Bent-Core Mesogens. Chemistry 2020; 26:4714-4733. [PMID: 31859404 PMCID: PMC7186843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of bent-shaped 4-cyanoresorcinol bisterephthalates is reported. Some of these achiral compounds spontaneously form a short-pitch heliconical lamellar liquid-crystalline phase with incommensurate 3-layer pitch and the helix axis parallel to the layer normal. It is observed at the paraelectric-(anti)ferroelectric transition, if it coincides with the transition from random to uniform tilt and with the transition from anticlinic to synclinic tilt correlation of the molecules in the layers of the developing tilted smectic phase. For compounds with long chains the heliconical phase is only field-induced, but once formed it is stable in a distinct temperature range, even after switching off the field. The presence of the helix changes the phase properties and the switching mechanism from the naturally preferred rotation around the molecular long axis, which reverses the chirality, to a precession on a cone, which retains the chirality. These observations are explained by diastereomeric relations between two coexisting modes of superstructural chirality. One is the layer chirality, resulting from the combination of tilt and polar order, and the other one is the helical twist evolving between the layers. At lower temperature the helical structure is replaced by a non-tilted and ferreoelectric switching lamellar phase, providing an alternative non-chiral way for the transition from anticlinic to synclinic tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lehmann
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mohamed Alaasar
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
- Department of ChemistryCairo University12613GizaEgypt
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mamatha Nagaraj
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringTrinity College, Dublin, The University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Sithara P. Sreenilayam
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringTrinity College, Dublin, The University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Yuri P. Panarin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringTrinity College, Dublin, The University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Jagdish K. Vij
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringTrinity College, Dublin, The University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt Mothes Str. 206120Halle (Saale)Germany
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8
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Shadpour S, Nemati A, Salamończyk M, Prévôt ME, Liu J, Boyd NJ, Wilson MR, Zhu C, Hegmann E, Jákli AI, Hegmann T. Missing Link between Helical Nano- and Microfilaments in B4 Phase Bent-Core Liquid Crystals, and Deciphering which Chiral Center Controls the Filament Handedness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905591. [PMID: 31885139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The range of possible morphologies for bent-core B4 phase liquid crystals has recently expanded from helical nanofilaments (HNFs) and modulated HNFs to dual modulated HNFs, helical microfilaments, and heliconical-layered nanocylinders. These new morphologies are observed when one or both aliphatic side chains contain a chiral center. Here, the following questions are addressed: which of these two chiral centers controls the handedness (helicity) and which morphology of the nanofilaments is formed by bent-core liquid crystals with tris-biphenyl diester core flanked by two chiral 2-octyloxy side chains? The combined results reveal that the longer arm of these nonsymmetric bent-core liquid crystals controls the handedness of the resulting dual modulated HNFs. These derivatives with opposite configuration of the two chiral side chains now feature twice as large dimensions compared to the homochiral derivatives with identical configuration. These results are supported by density functional theory calculations and stochastic dynamic atomistic simulations, which reveal that the relative difference between the para- and meta-sides of the described series of compounds drives the variation in morphology. Finally, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data also uncover the new morphology for B4 phases featuring p2/m symmetry within the filaments and less pronounced crystalline character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Shadpour
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | | | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Nicola J Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Antal I Jákli
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
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9
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Belau S, Sebastián N, Kurachkina M, Eremin A, Chen C, Liu F, Tschierske C. Polar Order, Mirror Symmetry Breaking, and Photoswitching of Chirality and Polarity in Functional Bent‐Core Mesogens. Chemistry 2019; 25:6362-6377. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sebastian Belau
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of PhysicsOtto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nerea Sebastián
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of PhysicsOtto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Marharyta Kurachkina
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of PhysicsOtto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Alexey Eremin
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of PhysicsOtto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Oikawa R, Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Sagisaka M, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Linear symmetric liquid crystal trimers exhibiting supramolecular chiral architectures. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3179-3187. [PMID: 30892358 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a homologous series of achiral liquid crystal trimers (I-n) in which two phenylpyrimidine units and one biphenyl unit were connected via flexible spacers, and investigated the physical properties. All the trimers possessing odd-numbered methylene spacers exhibited soft crystalline chiral conglomerate phases. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that they have an intercalated layer structure. On the other hand, the trimers possessing even-numbered spacers showed nematic and smectic C phases. We investigated the surface structures of odd-membered trimers in the soft crystalline phases using scanning electron microscopy. Trimers I-3 and I-5 were found to form cylindrical tubes, whereas trimers I-7, I-9 and I-11 toroidal pits. We discuss the formation of diverse supramolecular architectures in terms of the anisotropy of the chirality transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Oikawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan.
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11
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Yoshizawa A, Kurata M. Porous surface of an achiral trimer in the chiral conglomerate phase catalyzes a direct aldol reaction. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The honeycomb-like porous surface consisting of linear trimer molecules catalyzes the direct aldol reaction of acetone with benzaldehyde at room temperature to give racemic β-hydroxyketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
- Aomori 036-8561
- Japan
| | - Misaki Kurata
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
- Aomori 036-8561
- Japan
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12
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Sun QY, Ma WY, Yang KF, Cao J, Zheng ZJ, Xu Z, Cui YM, Xu LW. Enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral vinyl arenes through palladium-catalyzed C-H olefination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10706-10709. [PMID: 30182108 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed ketoxime-chelation-assisted enantioselective C-H olefination of 2-arylcyclohex-2-enone oxime ether with a wide range of olefins as coupling partners was developed. Employing ketoxime ether as an efficient directing group, a variety of axially chiral vinyl arenes was synthesized by Pd(ii)-catalyzed C-H functionalization with excellent enantioselectivities (96 → 99% ee) under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
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13
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Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Photo-Driven Chirality Switching in a Dark Conglomerate Phase of an Achiral Liquid Crystal Trimer. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
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14
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Kim BC, Walker M, Jo SY, Wilson MR, Takezoe H, Choi SW. Effect of terminal chain length on the helical twisting power in achiral bent-core molecules doped in a cholesteric liquid crystal. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1292-1295. [PMID: 35540888 PMCID: PMC9076949 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a homologous series of achiral bent-core (BC) liquid crystals with different terminal alkoxy chain lengths, n (BC-n), and evaluated the helical twisting power (HTP) of the BC-n doped in a cholesteric liquid crystal. The BC-n molecules with longer terminal chains showed larger HTPs. To interpret this striking phenomenon, a stochastic dynamics simulation was performed to determine the distribution of the chirality order parameters (χ) for BC molecules with n = 8-16. The distribution of χ for each simulated conformation varied with n, and the variation tendency was different for molecules with n < 12 and n > 12 despite the linear relationship between HTP and n in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Cheon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus), Kyung Hee University Yongin-shi Gyeonggi-do 17104 Korea
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, South Road DH13LE UK
| | - Seong-Yong Jo
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus), Kyung Hee University Yongin-shi Gyeonggi-do 17104 Korea
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, South Road DH13LE UK
| | - Hideo Takezoe
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
| | - Suk-Won Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus), Kyung Hee University Yongin-shi Gyeonggi-do 17104 Korea
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15
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Horčic M, Svoboda J, Novotná V, Pociecha D, Gorecka E. Bent-core dimers with top-to-bottom linkage between central units. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22974-22985. [PMID: 35540144 PMCID: PMC9081631 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A structurally new type of core-to-core dimer with a top-to-bottom linkage between the central cores of bent molecules is presented. The structure of the bent-core molecules was modified by changing the length of the spacer between the central cores and terminal chains, by changing the type of linkage groups in the bent-core arms and by variation of the terminal chain polarity – introducing polyfluoroalkyl and oligosiloxane units. Additionally, the outer phenyl ring was substituted with three alkyl chains to mimic a polycatenar system. For all compounds the mesophase behaviour and structural parameters were established to gain information about the molecular structure–mesomorphic property relationship. A study of bent-core liquid crystalline dimers with a unique top-to-bottom molecular structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horčic
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Damian Pociecha
- Laboratory of Dielectrics and Magnetics
- Chemistry Department
- Warsaw University
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Laboratory of Dielectrics and Magnetics
- Chemistry Department
- Warsaw University
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
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16
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Jeon SW, Kim DY, Araoka F, Jeong KU, Choi SW. Nanosegregated Chiral Materials with Self-Assembled Hierarchical Mesophases: Effect of Thermotropic and Photoinduced Polymorphism in Rodlike Molecules. Chemistry 2017; 23:17794-17799. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Jeon
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering; for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus); Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Fumito Araoka
- Physicochemical Soft Matter Research Unit; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering; for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus); Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
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17
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Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Achiral flexible liquid crystal trimers exhibiting gyroid-like surfaces in chiral conglomerate phases. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6521-6528. [PMID: 28895612 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral conglomerate phases have attracted much attention not only for the spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking but also for their nanostructures. We investigated both surface and bulk structures of a homologues series of an achiral liquid crystal trimer I-(n,m) exhibiting soft crystalline chiral conglomerate phases by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The trimers were found to form bicontinuous networks. In particular, trimer I-(9,9) exhibited a single gyroid-like surface accompanying periodic distribution of dimples with a size of about 100 nm. It showed a sponge-like structure in the bulk of the material. The twist conformation of the flexible trimer I-(n,m) can cause layer deformation, which produces bicontinuous networks exhibiting optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan.
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18
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Wu H, Han ZS, Qu B, Wang D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Grinberg N, Lee H, Song JJ, Roschangar F, Wang G, Senanayake CH. P-Stereogenic Chiral Phosphine−Palladium Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Phosphoryl-Substituted Atropisomeric Vinylarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Zhengxu S. Han
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Old Dominion University; 401 Alfriend Chemistry Bldg Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Yongda Zhang
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Yibo Xu
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Heewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Jinhua J. Song
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Frank Roschangar
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Old Dominion University; 401 Alfriend Chemistry Bldg Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Department of Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 900 Old Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368 Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
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19
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Le KV, Takezoe H, Araoka F. Chiral Superstructure Mesophases of Achiral Bent-Shaped Molecules - Hierarchical Chirality Amplification and Physical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602737. [PMID: 27966798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral mesophases in achiral bent-shaped molecules have attracted particular attention since their discovery in the middle 1990s, not only because of their homochirality and polarity, but also due to their unique physical/physicochemical properties. Here, the most intriguing results in the studies of such symmetry-broken states, mainly helical-nanofilament (HNF) and dark-conglomerate (DC) phases, are reviewed. Firstly, basic information on the typical appearance and optical activity in these phases is introduced. In the following section, the formation of mesoscopic chiral superstructures in the HNF and DC phases is discussed in terms of hierarchical chirality. Nanoscale phase segregation in mixture systems and gelation ability in the HNF phase are also described. In addition, some other related chiral phases of bent-shaped molecules are shown. Recent attempts to control such mesoscopic chiral structure and the alignment/confinement of HNFs are also discussed, along with several examples of their fascinating advanced physical properties, i.e. huge enhancement of circular dichroism, electro- and photo-tunable optical activities, chirality-induced nonlinear optics (second-harmonic-generation circular difference and electrogyration effect), enhanced hydrophobicity through the dual-scale surface morphological modulation, and photoconductivity in the HNF/fullerene binary system. Future prospects from basic science and application viewpoints are also indicated in the concluding section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa V Le
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideo Takezoe
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Fumito Araoka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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20
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Dietrich CF, Rudquist P, Lorenz K, Giesselmann F. Chiral Structures from Achiral Micellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystals under Capillary Confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5852-5862. [PMID: 28509558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the emergence of spontaneous reflection-symmetry-broken configurations in achiral chromonic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical capillaries with homeotropic anchoring at the cylinder walls was reported, namely, the so-called twisted-escaped radial (TER) and twisted planar polar (TPP) configurations. This new example of spontaneous reflection symmetry breaking in liquid crystals was attributed to the twist elastic modulus, which is known to be unusually small in comparison to the splay and bend moduli in the case of chromonic liquid crystals. We now report the experimental observation of reflection symmetry breaking in cylindrical capillaries in the case of a classical, achiral, and nonchromonic lyotropic liquid crystal forming a nematic phase of disklike micelles orienting homeotropically at the capillary walls. We observed the same chiral TER configuration, as well as a nonplanar twisted polar (TP) configuration. The TP configuration is characterized by two half-unit so-called twist disclinations, where the director twist around the line defects drives the formation of a double helix of the disclinations along the axis of the capillary. Additionally, there is a transverse twist between the two disclination lines with the same handedness as the axial twist. Similarities with and differences from the case of chromonic liquid crystals are discussed; in particular, we examine the conditions under which spontaneous reflection symmetry breaking occurs in the nonchromonic system. It seems that the chiral TER configuration can be stabilized by the presence of point defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa F Dietrich
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Per Rudquist
- Microelectronics and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristin Lorenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Jo SY, Kim BC, Jeon SW, Bae JH, Walker M, Wilson M, Choi SW, Takezoe H. Enhancement of the helical twisting power with increasing the terminal chain length of nonchiral bent-core molecules doped in a chiral nematic liquid crystal. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the helical twisting power (HTP) of nonchiral bent-core molecules doped in a chiral nematic liquid crystal, and found that HTP increases with the terminal chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yong Jo
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus)
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-shi
- Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus)
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-shi
- Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Jeon
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus)
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-shi
- Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Bae
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus)
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-shi
- Korea
| | | | | | - Suk-Won Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics (BK21Plus)
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-shi
- Korea
| | - Hideo Takezoe
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute
- Nagakute
- Japan
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22
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Buchs J, Vogel L, Janietz D, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Chirality Synchronization of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Achiral N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:280-284. [PMID: 27897356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazines carrying a single oligo(ethylene oxide) (EO) chain form an optically isotropic mesophase composed of a conglomerate of macroscopic chiral domains with opposite sense of chirality even though the constituent molecules are achiral. This mesophase was proposed to result from the helical packing of hydrogen-bonded triazine aggregates, providing long-range chirality synchronization. The results provide first evidence for macroscopic achiral symmetry breaking upon conglomerate formation in an amorphous isotropic phase formed by hydrogen-bonded associates of simple N-heterocycles that are related to prebiotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Buchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Laura Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dietmar Janietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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23
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Buchs J, Vogel L, Janietz D, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Chirality Synchronization of Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Achiral N‐Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Buchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstrasse 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Laura Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstrasse 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Dietmar Janietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstrasse 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
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24
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Zhu J, Cao L, Yan T, Li W, Deng X, Mao S, Dong Z, Liu J. Supramolecular aggregates with macroscopic chirality by self-assembly of helical small molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Choi SW, Takezoe H. Chirality Enhancement in a Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Doped with Non-Chiral W-shaped Molecules. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Choi
- Department of Advance Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Korea
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hideo Takezoe
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute; Aichi 480-1192 Japan
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26
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Mandle RJ. The dependency of twist-bend nematic liquid crystals on molecular structure: a progression from dimers to trimers, oligomers and polymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7883-7901. [PMID: 27722733 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article gives an overview on recent developments concerning the twist-bend nematic phase. The twist-bend nematic phase has been discussed as the missing link between the uniaxial nematic mesophase (N) and the helical chiral nematic phase (N*). After an introduction discussing the key physical properties of the NTB phase and the methods used to identify the twist-bend nematic mesophase this review focuses on structure property relationships and molecular features that govern the incidence of this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mandle
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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27
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Choi SW, Takezoe H. Enhancing and reducing chirality by opposite circularly-polarized light irradiation on crystalline chiral domains consisting of nonchiral photoresponsive W-shaped liquid crystal molecules. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7937-7942. [PMID: 27714293 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We found possible chirality enhancement and reduction in chiral domains formed by photoresponsive W-shaped molecules by irradiation with circularly polarized light (CPL). The W-shaped molecules exhibit a unique smectic phase with spontaneously segregated chiral domains, although the molecules are nonchiral. The chirality control was generated in the crystalline phase, which shows chiral segregation as in the upper smectic phase, and the result appeared to be as follows: for a certain chiral domain, right-CPL stimuli enhanced the chirality, while left-CPL stimuli reduced the chirality, and vice versa for another chiral domain. Interestingly, no domain-size change could be observed after CPL irradiation, suggesting some changes in the causes of chirality. In this way, the present system can recognize the handedness of the applied chiral stimuli. In other words, the present material can be used as a sensitive chiral-stimuli-recognizing material and should find invaluable applications, including in chiroptical switches, sensors, and memories as well as in chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Choi
- Department of Advance Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-shi, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea. and Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hideo Takezoe
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan and Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
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28
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Yoshizawa A, Kato Y, Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J. Optically Isotropic Homochiral Structure Produced by Intercalation of Achiral Liquid Crystal Trimers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4843-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department
of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Department
of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Haruna Sasaki
- Department
of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8562, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8562, Japan
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29
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Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, Panov VP, Lehmann A, Poppe M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Spontaneous helix formation in non-chiral bent-core liquid crystals with fast linear electro-optic effect. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11369. [PMID: 27156514 PMCID: PMC4865739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) represent one of the foundations of modern communication and photonic technologies. Present display technologies are based mainly on nematic LCs, which suffer from limited response time for use in active colour sequential displays and limited image grey scale. Herein we report the first observation of a spontaneously formed helix in a polar tilted smectic LC phase (SmC phase) of achiral bent-core (BC) molecules with the axis of helix lying parallel to the layer normal and a pitch much shorter than the optical wavelength. This new phase shows fast (∼30 μs) grey-scale switching due to the deformation of the helix by the electric field. Even more importantly, defect-free alignment is easily achieved for the first time for a BC mesogen, thus providing potential use in large-scale devices with fast linear and thresholdless electro-optical response. Liquid crystals that consist of rod-like molecules currently dominate the materials used in industry for display and photonic applications. Here, the authors demonstrate electro-optic grey-scale switching based on the spontaneous formation of a short-pitch helix in a tilted smectic phase of achiral bent-core molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara P Sreenilayam
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yuri P Panarin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jagdish K Vij
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vitaly P Panov
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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30
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Westphal E, Gallardo H, Caramori GF, Sebastián N, Tamba MG, Eremin A, Kawauchi S, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Polar Order and Symmetry Breaking at the Boundary between Bent-Core and Rodlike Molecular Forms: When 4-Cyanoresorcinol Meets the Carbosilane End Group. Chemistry 2016; 22:8181-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Westphal
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2; 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; 88040-900 Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; 88040-900 Florianópolis Brazil
| | | | - Nerea Sebastián
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2; 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Maria-Gabriela Tamba
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2; 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Alexey Eremin
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2; 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Organic & Polymeric Materials; Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2; 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2; 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
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31
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Kim H, Zep A, Ryu SH, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Lee SB, Pociecha D, Gorecka E, Yoon DK. Linkage-length dependent structuring behaviour of bent-core molecules in helical nanostructures. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3326-3330. [PMID: 26876379 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm03100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the correlation between the molecular structure and the formation of helical nanofilaments (HNFs) of bent-core dimeric molecules with varying linkage lengths. To obtain precise structural data, a single domain of HNFs was prepared under physical confinement using porous 1D nanochannels, made up of anodic aluminium oxide films. Electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were used to elucidate the linkage length-dependent formation of HNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanim Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anna Zep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland.
| | - Seong Ho Ryu
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, UNIST, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland.
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Achiral flexible liquid crystal trimers exhibiting chiral conglomerates. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3331-3339. [PMID: 26947890 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chiral conglomerates of domains with opposite handedness have attracted much attention from researchers. We prepared a homologous series of achiral liquid crystal trimers in which two phenylpyrimidine units and one biphenyl unit were connected via flexible methylene spacers. We investigated their phase transition behaviour. Some trimers possessing odd-numbered spacers were found to exhibit a nematic phase and a dark chiral conglomerate phase possessing a layered structure. The chiral characteristics were confirmed by uncrossing the polarizers in opposite directions. The layer spacing detected using X-ray diffraction was about 80% of the molecular length. The structure-property relations indicate that intermolecular interactions cause a conformational change in the trimers possessing flexible odd-numbered methylene spacers to form helical conformers with axial chirality, which might induce chiral segregation and layer deformation to drive the chiral conglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan.
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33
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Helical Nano-crystallite (HNC) Phases: Chirality Synchronization of Achiral Bent-Core Mesogens in a New Type of Dark Conglomerates. Chemistry 2016; 22:6583-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany), Fax
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany), Fax
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany), Fax
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34
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Cao Y, Liu F, Tschierske C. Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Isotropic Liquid Phases of Photoisomerizable Achiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:312-6. [PMID: 26490058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking is of fundamental importance in science as it contributes to the development of chiral superstructures and new materials and has a major impact on the discussion around the emergence of uniform chirality in biological systems. Herein we report chirality synchronization, leading to spontaneous chiral conglomerate formation in isotropic liquids of achiral and photoisomerizable azobenzene-based rod-like molecules. The position of fluorine substituents at the aromatic core is found to have a significant effect on the stability and the temperature range of these chiral liquids. Moreover, these liquid conglomerates occur in a new phase sequence adjacent to a 3D tetragonal mesophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale (Germany). .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P.O. 12613 Giza (Egypt).
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale (Germany)
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (P. R. China)
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (P. R. China).
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale (Germany).
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35
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Kutsumizu S, Miisako S, Miwa Y, Kitagawa M, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Mirror symmetry breaking by mixing of equimolar amounts of two gyroid phase-forming achiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17341-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mirror symmetry breaking was realised by mixing of two achiral molecules both of which form themselves achiral bicontinuous cubic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Suguru Miisako
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Makoto Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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36
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Mirror symmetry breaking in fluorinated bent-core mesogens. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorinated bent-core liquid crystals exhibiting helical nano-crystallite phases composed of chiral domains with opposite handedness and polar smcetic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle (Saale)
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle (Saale)
- Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle (Saale)
- Germany
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37
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Alaasar M, Poppe S, Dong Q, Liu F, Tschierske C. Mirror symmetry breaking in cubic phases and isotropic liquids driven by hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13869-13872. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Achiral hydrogen bonded rod-like complexes with four nonequally distributed terminal alkyl chains form a chirality synchronized isotropic liquid conglomerate as well as a conglomerate type chiral cubic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Qingshu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
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38
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Yoshizawa A, Kato Y, Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J. Chiral conglomerates observed for a binary mixture of a nematic liquid crystal trimer and 6OCB. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8827-8833. [PMID: 26395546 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dark conglomerates of domains with opposite handedness, which are designated as dark conglomerate phases (DC phases), have attracted much attention. After designing an achiral liquid crystal trimer, 4,4′-bis{7-[4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyloxy]heptyloxy}biphenyl (1), which exhibits only a nematic phase, we prepared binary mixtures with some typical rod-like nematic liquid crystals, i.e., 4′-hexyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (6OCB), 2-(4-hexyloxyphenyl)-5-pentyloxypyrimidine (PPY), or 4-methyloxyphenyl 4-hexyloxycyclohexanecarboxylate (PCA), and investigated their phase transition behaviour. The binary mixtures containing 55–90 mol% of 6OCB were found to exhibit a nematic phase and a DC phase of chiral domains with opposite handedness. However, neither PPY nor PCA induced such a chiral conglomerate phase in the mixture with trimer 1. We discuss how core–core interactions contribute to produce such a chiral conglomerate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8562, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8562, Japan
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39
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tamba MG, Sebastián N, Eremin A, Tschierske C. Development of Polar Order in the Liquid Crystal Phases of a 4-Cyanoresorcinol-Based Bent-Core Mesogen with Fluorinated Azobenzene Wings. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:278-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Maria-Gabriela Tamba
- Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nerea Sebastián
- Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Alexey Eremin
- Institute for Experimental Physics; Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
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40
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Dressel C, Weissflog W, Tschierske C. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in a re-entrant isotropic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15850-3. [PMID: 26376587 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An achiral double-swallow tailed tetracatenar compound forms a re-entrant isotropic liquid between a bicontinuous cubic phase and a nematic liquid crystalline phase. This isotropic liquid was found to represent a conglomerate of two immiscible chiral liquids. The chirality is retained and eventually becomes uniform at the transition to the cubic I432 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dressel
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Weissflog
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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41
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Cao Y, Liu F, Tschierske C. Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Isotropic Liquid Phases of Photoisomerizable Achiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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43
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Tschierske C, Ungar G. Mirror Symmetry Breaking by Chirality Synchronisation in Liquids and Liquid Crystals of Achiral Molecules. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:9-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Physics; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha College Park 310018 Hangzhou China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S1 3JD Sheffield UK
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44
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Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Supermolecular Bent Configuration Composed of Achiral Flexible Liquid Crystal Trimers Exhibiting Chiral Domains with Opposite Handedness. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4531-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512710r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sasaki
- Department
of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 605-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 605-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department
of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
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45
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Ocak H, Bilgin-Eran B, Güzeller D, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Twist grain boundary (TGB) states of chiral liquid crystalline bent-core mesogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7512-5. [PMID: 25834996 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral 4-cyanoresorcinol derived bent-core molecules form liquid crystalline phases with helically deformed layers representing TGBA and TGBC-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Ocak
- Institute of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Belkız Bilgin-Eran
- Department of Chemistry
- Yildiz Technical University
- Davutpasa Yerlesim Birimi
- Esenler
- Turkey
| | - Dilek Güzeller
- Department of Chemistry
- Yildiz Technical University
- Davutpasa Yerlesim Birimi
- Esenler
- Turkey
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
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46
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Ribó JM, Blanco C, Crusats J, El-Hachemi Z, Hochberg D, Moyano A. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis in Enantioselective Autocatalytic Reaction Networks: Theoretical Games, Speculations on Chemical Evolution and Perhaps a Synthetic Option. Chemistry 2014; 20:17250-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Alaasar M, Prehm M, Brautzsch M, Tschierske C. Dark conglomerate phases of azobenzene derived bent-core mesogens - relationships between the molecular structure and mirror symmetry breaking in soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7285-7296. [PMID: 25095778 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
New 4-bromoresorcinol based bent-core molecules with peripheral fluoro substituted azobenzene wings have been synthesized and the liquid crystalline self-assembly was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarizing microscopy (POM), electro-optic studies and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A new type of optically isotropic mesophase composed of chiral domains with opposite handedness (dark conglomerate phases, DC phases) is observed, which for some homologues with medium alkyl chain length is stable down to ambient temperature. It is proposed that these DC phases are formed by helical twisted nano-domains of limited size and composed of the crystallized aromatic cores which are separated by the disordered alkyl chains. This structure is distinct from the previously known soft helical nano-filament phases (HNF phases, B4 phases) formed by extended crystalline nano-filaments and also distinct from the fluid sponge phases composed of deformed fluid layers. Comparison with related bent-core molecules having H, F, Cl, I, CH3 and CN groups in the 4-position at the resorcinol core, either with or without additional peripheral fluorines, provided information about the effects of these substituents on the tendency to form DC phases. Based on these relationships and by comparison with the minimum energy conformations obtained by DFT calculations a hypothesis is provided for the formation of DC phases depending on the molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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48
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Dressel C, Liu F, Prehm M, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Dynamic Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Bicontinuous Cubic Phases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Dressel C, Liu F, Prehm M, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Dynamic mirror-symmetry breaking in bicontinuous cubic phases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13115-20. [PMID: 25257551 PMCID: PMC4501316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral segregation of enantiomers or chiral conformers of achiral molecules during self-assembly in well-ordered crystalline superstructures has fascinated chemists since Pasteur. Here we report spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking in cubic phases formed by achiral multichain-terminated diphenyl-2,2'-bithiophenes. It was found that stochastic symmetry breaking is a general phenomenon observed in bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal phases of achiral rod-like compounds. In all compounds studied the Im3̄m cubic phase is always chiral, while the Ia3̄d phase is achiral. These intriguing observations are explained by propagation of homochiral helical twist across the entire networks through helix matching at network junctions. In the Ia3̄d phase the opposing chiralities of the two networks cancel, but not so in the three-networks Im3̄m phase. The high twist in the Im3̄m phase explains its previously unrecognized chirality, as well as the origin of this complex structure and the transitions between the different cubic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dressel
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Germany)
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50
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Dressel C, Reppe T, Prehm M, Brautzsch M, Tschierske C. Chiral self-sorting and amplification in isotropic liquids of achiral molecules. Nat Chem 2014; 6:971-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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