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Zhou B, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu D. FNDC5 Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Regulates PPARα/HO-1 in ApoE-/- Mice. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:172-182. [PMID: 37586354 DOI: 10.1159/000531585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study attempted to observe the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in atherosclerosis development and the underlying mechanism. METHODS After being fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ApoE-/- mice were injected with saline, control adenovirus (Ad-vector), or FNDC5 overexpressing adenovirus (Ad-FNDC5). ApoE-/- mice fed with a chow diet were considered the control. After 12 weeks of treatment, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and irisin were detected by commercial kits. RESULTS Compared with the control, the serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, aortic plaque area, and weight were significantly increased, while serum HDL-C and irisin levels were reduced in HFD mice. Treating with Ad-FNDC5 could alleviate these changes in HFD mice and cause the activation of PPARα/HO-1 signaling in aortic tissue. After co-treating with GW6471, a PPARα antagonist, the effects of Ad-FNDC5 on the weight, serum LDL-C, TC, TG, and HDL-C levels, and aortic plaque of HFD mice were partly blocked. CONCLUSION Elevated FNDC5 has a delaying effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation, which may be related to the upregulation of PPARα/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Institute of Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The First People's Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Danan Liu
- Institute of Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Zhu T, Chen X, Jiang S. Progress and obstacles in transplantation of brown adipose tissue or engineered cells with thermogenic potential for metabolic benefits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191278. [PMID: 37265692 PMCID: PMC10230949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), engineered thermogenic progenitor cells, and adipocytes have received much attention for the improvement of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, even though the thermogenic and metabolic potential exists early after transplantation, the whitening of the brown fat graft occurs with metabolic function significantly impaired. In this review, specific experiment designs, graft outcomes, and metabolic benefits for the transplantation of BAT or engineered cells will be discussed. The current advancements will offer guidance to further investigation, and the obstacles appearing in previous studies will require innovation of BAT transplantation methods.
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Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S. Exercise-Induced Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning: How to Explain the Conflicting Findings? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13142. [PMID: 36361929 PMCID: PMC9657384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely studied in targeting against metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance due to its role in nutrient metabolism and energy regulation. Whether exercise promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning remains controversial. The results from human and rodent studies contradict each other. In our opinion, fat thermogenesis or browning promoted by exercise should not be a biomarker of health benefits, but an adaptation under the stress between body temperature regulation and energy supply and expenditure of multiple organs. In this review, we discuss some factors that may contribute to conflicting experimental results, such as different thermoneutral zones, gender, training experience and the heterogeneity of fat depots. In addition, we explain that a redox state in cells potentially causes thermogenesis heterogeneity and different oxidation states of UCP1, which has led to the discrepancies noted in previous studies. We describe a network by which exercise orchestrates the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue with total energy expenditure through multiple organs (muscle, brain, liver and adipose tissue) and multiple pathways (nerve, endocrine and metabolic products), providing a possible interpretation for the conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Irisin and Secondary Osteoporosis in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020690. [PMID: 35054874 PMCID: PMC8775753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle following exercise that plays an important role in bone metabolism. Numerous experiments in vitro and in mouse models have shown that the administration of recombinant irisin promotes osteogenesis, protects osteocytes from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, prevents disuse-induced loss of bone and muscle mass, and accelerates fracture healing. Although some aspects still need to be elucidated, such as the dose- and frequency-dependent effects of irisin in cell cultures and mouse models, ample clinical evidence is emerging to support its physiological relevance on bone in humans. A reduction in serum irisin levels, associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, was observed in postmenopausal women and in both men and women during aging, Recently, cohort studies of subjects with secondary osteoporosis showed that these patients have lower circulating levels of irisin, suggesting that this myokine could be a novel marker to monitor bone quality in this disease. Although there are still few studies, this review discusses the emerging data that are highlighting the involvement of irisin in some diseases that cause secondary osteoporosis.
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De Meneck F, de Souza LV, Brioschi ML, Franco MDC. Emerging evidence for the opposite role of circulating irisin levels and brown adipose tissue activity measured by infrared thermography in anthropometric and metabolic profile during childhood. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103010. [PMID: 34420640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an adipomyokine that increases browning of adipose tissue and thermogenesis, thereby protecting against obesity and insulin resistance. However, the correlation between irisin, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and childhood obesity, as well as its association with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases, has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between irisin levels and BAT activity measured by infrared thermography among children and verify their correlation with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. This study included 42 children with normal weight and 18 overweight/obese children. Anthropometric data, irisin levels, lipid and glucose profile were evaluated. The percentage of the thermally active portion of the supraclavicular area (%AreaSCR) before and after a cold stimulus was measured by infrared thermography, and the differences between the percentages of thermally active (Δ%AreaSCR) was calculated as an index of BAT activation. The results were correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Circulating irisin levels was positive correlated with age (rho=0.327, P= 0.011), body mass index (BMI) (rho=0.707, P<0.001), waist circumference (rho=0.624, P<0.001), total cholesterol (rho=0.361, P=0.044), triglycerides (rho=0.419, P=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (rho=0.381, P= 0.003). Active BAT was negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, LDLc and irisin levels. We observed that normal weight children increased significantly the Δ% AreaSCR as compared to overweight/obese children. In conclusion, circulating irisin levels and BAT activity appear to have opposing roles, since normal weight children had greater BAT activity and lower circulating levels of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele De Meneck
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Division of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Franco
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arcidiacono T, Magni G, Macrina L, Sirtori M, Belloni C, Premaschi S, Lanzani C, Simonini M, Citterio L, Locatelli M, Rubinacci A, Vezzoli G. Serum Irisin May Predict Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3-5. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:282-291. [PMID: 34294556 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin is a circulating myokine released from skeletal muscles after physical exercise. Irisin production decreases during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a potential consequence of sarcopenia and physical inactivity. METHODS This observational study explored the relationship of serum irisin with cardiovascular outcome in 79 patients with stage 3-5 CKD. RESULTS Serum irisin was significantly higher in healthy subjects (n = 20) than that in CKD patients (7 ± 2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 μg/mL; P = .0001) and was higher in patients with CKD stage 3 (3.2 ± 1 μg/mL) than in patients at stage 4 and 5 taken together (n = 36, 2.8 ± 0.7 μg/mL, P = .05). Patients in the lowest serum irisin tertile had lower serum 1,25(OH)2D levels (21 ± 11 pg/mL) than patients in the middle (30 ± 13 pg/mL; P = .005) and the highest tertile (27 ± 14 pg/mL; P = .047). Patients in the highest tertile had lower Kauppila score (10.6 ± 6.9) than patients in the middle (11.8 ± 5.5; P = .007) and the lowest tertile (6.9 ± 6.8; P = .043). Twenty patients suffered from cardiovascular events during a 3-year follow-up. A Cox regression model using age, body weight, presence of diabetes mellitus, gender, Kauppila calcification score, serum values of FGF23 (as logarithm), phosphate, sclerostin, albumin and cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum irisin tertiles as covariates showed that patients in the highest tertile of serum irisin had a lower cardiovascular risk than patients in the middle tertile (B, 2.38; odds ratio, 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-58.13; P = .013) or in the lowest tertile (B, 1.61; odds ratio, 5; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-22.83; P = .038). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that serum irisin may be a marker of cardiovascular outcome in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arcidiacono
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Magni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Macrina
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Sirtori
- Bone Metabolic Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Belloni
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Premaschi
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Simonini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Van Nguyen TT, Vu VV, Pham PV. Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:876-892. [PMID: 32728995 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, this review will underline promising strategies to generate an unexhausted source of thermogenic adipocytes differentiated from human stem cells. These exogenous thermogenic adipocytes offer therapeutic potential for improvement of metabolic disorders via application as single cell or whole tissue transplantation. Graphical abstract Caption is required. Please provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Tuong Van Nguyen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vuong Van Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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8
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Liu Y, Guo C, Liu S, Zhang S, Mao Y, Fang L. Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Static Strength Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Motor Function in Aged Rats via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 Pathway. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:811-821. [PMID: 34040358 PMCID: PMC8139720 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s308893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Most studies have focused on dynamic resistance exercises for preventing muscular decline and maintaining the muscle strength of older individuals. However, this training mode is impractical for older people with osteoarthritis and a limited range of motion. The static strength training mode is more suitable for older people. Therefore, a determination of the effect and mechanism of static strength training on sarcopenia is critical. Methods In this study, we developed a training device designed to collect training data and evaluate the effects of static training on the upper limbs of rats. The expression of PGC-1α was locally blocked by injecting a siRNA at the midpoint of the biceps to determine whether PGC-1α signal transduction participates in the effects of high-intensity interval static training on muscle strength. Then, the rat’s motor capacity was measured after static strength training. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to determine PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 expression levels in the muscle and adipose tissue. The serum irisin level was also detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Increased levels of serum irisin and local expression of FNDC5, PGC-1α, and UCP1 were observed in the biceps brachii and surrounding fatty tissue after static strength training. Static strength training showed an advantage in reducing body weight and white fat accumulation while increasing the muscle fiber volume, which resulted in a longer training time and shorter rest time. Conclusion Overall, these results indicated that high-intensity interval static training prevents skeletal muscle atrophy and improves the motor function of aged rats through the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201803, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Wu C, Yu P, Sun R. Adipose tissue and age‑dependent insulin resistance: New insights into WAT browning (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:71. [PMID: 33693956 PMCID: PMC7952244 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is defined as impaired insulin function, reduced glucose uptake and increased glucose production, which can result in type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome and even bone metabolic disorders. A possible reason for the increasing incidence of IR is population aging. Adipose tissue (AT) is an important endocrine organ that serves a crucial role in whole-body energy homeostasis. AT can be divided into white AT (WAT), beige AT and brown AT (BAT). Several mechanisms have been previously associated with age-dependent IR in WAT. However, BAT, a metabolically active tissue, controls the levels of plasma glucose and triglyceride metabolism. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of age-dependent IR induced by AT and to determine the role of WAT browning in achieving positive therapeutic outcomes in age-dependent IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Kravchychyn ACP, Campos RMDS, Ferreira YAM, Vicente SEDCF, Corgosinho FC, Oyama LM, Thivel D, Tock L, Dâmaso AR. Higher increase degree of FGF21 post long-term interdisciplinary weight loss therapy preserves the free fat mass and rest metabolic rate in adolescents with obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:479-482. [PMID: 32267352 PMCID: PMC10522083 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is among the activators that can stimulate thermogenesis in the white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. People with obesity have elevated blood levels of FGF21, but also develop resistance to its action, impairing its beneficial role. Inversely, clinical treatments to weight loss has been pointed out as an important therapy for increasing and recovering sensitivity to FGF21. The aim was to analyse the effect of long-term weight loss interdisciplinary intervention on FGF21 and body composition. Subjects and methods Eighty-six post-pubertal obese adolescents (14-19 years-old), were submitted to 20 weeks of weight loss therapy (clinical, nutritional, psychological and physical exercise support). Anthropometric measures, body composition and rest metabolic rate (RMR) by bioelectrical impedance, and serum FGF21 sample by ELISA were evaluated. The adolescents were grouped according to FGF21 individual delta variations after therapy: Higher Increase (HI); lower increase (LI); lower decrease (LD); higher decrease (HD). Results All groups present weight loss. Only in FGF21 ≥ 76,5 pg/mL variation the free-fat-mass and rest metabolic rate were preserved and to others group these variables were significantly reduced. Conclusion High increase in FGF21 can contribute to preservation of FFM and RMR after weight loss therapy, could have important implications for energy balance regulation. Future studies are necessary to continue determining the role of magnitude effects of FGF21 levels in obesity to improve clinical practice, especially in paediatrics population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Universidade Federal de São PauloCampus Baixada SantistaSantosSPBrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brasil;
- Departamento de BiociênciasPrograma de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de São PauloSantosSPBrasilDepartamento de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sofia Emanuelle de Castro Ferreira Vicente
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont FerrandFranceUniversité Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Lian Tock
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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11
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Joung KE, Clausen D, Herdt A, Presti A, Snyder R, Peters C, Christou H, Mantzoros CS. Association of circulating FGF-21 levels in the first week of life and postnatal growth in hospitalized preterm infants. Metabol Open 2020; 5:100030. [PMID: 32812922 PMCID: PMC7424778 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of fetal and neonatal growth in the development of adult-onset diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome has become increasingly appreciated. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is known as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF-21 levels are elevated in obese adults and children. The role of FGF-21 in neonatal growth in preterm infants is not known. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association of circulating FGF-21 levels in the first week of life and neonatal growth parameters at the time of discharge from NICU. Methods We performed a longitudinal study of 25 preterm neonates admitted to NICU. Blood samples were collected at two time points: within 24 h of life (T1), and 24–96 h after the first blood draw (T2). FGF-21 levels were measured in plasma by ELISA. Weight, length, BMI and their Z-scores were measured at the time of birth and discharge. Results The FGF-21 levels were significantly higher at T2 than at T1 (p < 0.001). FGF-21 levels at both time points were positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.43, p = 0.03). FGF-21 at T1 was positively associated with weight Z-score (β = 0.19, p = 0.001) and length Z-score at discharge (β = 0.21, p = 0.03). Conclusions Circulating FGF-21 levels increase significantly in the first week, and the FGF-21 levels within the first 24 h are positively associated with weight and length Z-scores at discharge in preterm infants. These results suggest that FGF-21 may be involved in growth and developmental maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Joung
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 75 Shattuck St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dana Clausen
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, 140 E Hanover Ave, Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927, USA
| | - Aimee Herdt
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, 140 E Hanover Ave, Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital and Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | - Amy Presti
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, 140 E Hanover Ave, Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital and Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | - Ruth Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital and Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | - Caryn Peters
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, 140 E Hanover Ave, Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital and Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 75 Shattuck St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, 02130, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 75 Shattuck St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Palasz E, Wysocka A, Gasiorowska A, Chalimoniuk M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031170. [PMID: 32050617 PMCID: PMC7037114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, improves dopaminergic neurotransmission and motor performance. Pharmacological therapies of PD are symptom-targeting, and their effectiveness decreases with the progression of the disease; therefore, new therapeutical approaches are needed. Since, in both PD patients and animal PD models, decreased level of BDNF was found in the nigrostriatal pathway, it has been hypothesized that BDNF may serve as a therapeutic agent. Direct delivery of exogenous BDNF into the patient’s brain did not relieve the symptoms of disease, nor did attempts to enhance BDNF expression with gene therapy. Physical training was neuroprotective in animal models of PD. This effect is mediated, at least partly, by BDNF. Animal studies revealed that physical activity increases BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression, leading to inhibition of neurodegeneration through induction of transcription factors and expression of genes related to neuronal proliferation, survival, and inflammatory response. This review focuses on the evidence that increasing BDNF level due to gene modulation or physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wysocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225892409
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Ciresi A, Pizzolanti G, Guarnotta V, Giordano C. Circulating Irisin Levels in Children With GH Deficiency Before and After 1 Year of GH Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:801-808. [PMID: 30418584 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate circulating irisin levels in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and any relation with clinical and metabolic parameters. PATIENTS Fifty-four prepubertal children (mean age, 7.4 ± 0.8 years) with idiopathic GHD treated with GH for at least 12 months and 31 healthy short children as control subjects. METHODS Body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), IGF-I, HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting and after-oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity indices, and irisin levels were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of GH replacement (GHR). RESULTS At baseline, children with GHD, in addition to having lower growth velocity (P < 0.001), GH peak after stimulation tests (both P < 0.001), and IGF-I (P < 0.001), showed significantly lower irisin (P < 0.001) and higher BMI (P < 0.001) and WC (P = 0.001), without any difference in metabolic parameters, than control subjects. After GHR, children with GHD showed a significant increase in height (P < 0.001), growth velocity (P < 0.001), IGF-I (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and irisin (P = 0.005), with a concomitant decrease in BMI (P = 0.001) and WC (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the independent variables significantly associated with irisin were BMI (P = 0.002) and GH peak (P = 0.037) at baseline and BMI (P = 0.005), WC (P = 0.018), and IGF-I (P < 0.001) during GHR. CONCLUSIONS We report that GHR leads to an increase in irisin levels, strongly related to a decrease in BMI and WC, and to an increase in IGF-I; these changes are among the main goals of GHR. These data confirm the favorable effects of GHR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ciresi
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Peres Valgas da Silva C, Hernández-Saavedra D, White JD, Stanford KI. Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010009. [PMID: 30759802 PMCID: PMC6466122 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rise in obesity over the last several decades has reached pandemic proportions. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that is involved in energy expenditure and represents an attractive target to combat both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cold exposure and exercise training are two stimuli that have been investigated with respect to BAT activation, metabolism, and the contribution of BAT to metabolic health. These two stimuli are of great interest because they have both disparate and converging effects on BAT activation and metabolism. Cold exposure is an effective mechanism to stimulate BAT activity and increase glucose and lipid uptake through mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in metabolic benefits including elevated energy expenditure and increased insulin sensitivity. Exercise is a therapeutic tool that has marked benefits on systemic metabolism and affects several tissues, including BAT. Compared to cold exposure, studies focused on BAT metabolism and exercise display conflicting results; the majority of studies in rodents and humans demonstrate a reduction in BAT activity and reduced glucose and lipid uptake and storage. In addition to investigations of energy uptake and utilization, recent studies have focused on the effects of cold exposure and exercise on the structural lipids in BAT and secreted factors released from BAT, termed batokines. Cold exposure and exercise induce opposite responses in terms of structural lipids, but an important overlap exists between the effects of cold and exercise on batokines. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences of cold exposure and exercise in relation to their effects on BAT activity and metabolism and its relevance for the prevention of obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joseph D White
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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15
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Ökdemir D, Hatipoğlu N, Kurtoğlu S, Siraz ÜG, Akar HH, Muhtaroğlu S, Kütük MS. The Role of Irisin, Insulin and Leptin in Maternal and Fetal Interaction. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 10:307-315. [PMID: 29809159 PMCID: PMC6280331 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin is an important hormone for intrauterine growth. Irisin is an effective myokine in the regulation of physiological insulin resistance in pregnancy. Leptin and insulin are associated with fetal growth and fetal adiposity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between irisin, insulin and leptin levels and maternal weight gain, as well as anthropometric measurements in the newborn. METHODS Eighty-four mothers and newborns were included in the study. Irisin, leptin and insulin levels were measured in the mothers and in cord blood. Anthropometric measurements in the newborn, maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy and at delivery were recorded. RESULTS Birth weight were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). There was no difference in irisin levels among the groups. Leptin and insulin levels were found to change significantly according to birth weight (p=0.013, and p=0.012, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the anthropometric measurements of the AGA newborns and irisin levels. This correlation was not observed in SGA and LGA babies. Leptin levels were associated with fetal adiposity. CONCLUSION While irisin levels are not affected by weight gain during pregnancy nor by birth weight, they show a relationship with anthropometric measurements in AGA infants. These results may lead to the understanding of metabolic disorders that will occur in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ökdemir
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Elazığ, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Elazığ, Turkey Phone: +90 424 237 00 00 E-mail:
| | - Nihal Hatipoğlu
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selim Kurtoğlu
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Gül Siraz
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Himmet Haluk Akar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Serdar Kütük
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Perinatology, Kayseri, Turkey
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Sawicki KT, Chang HC, Shapiro JS, Bayeva M, De Jesus A, Finck BN, Wertheim JA, Blackshear PJ, Ardehali H. Hepatic tristetraprolin promotes insulin resistance through RNA destabilization of FGF21. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95948. [PMID: 29997282 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of posttranscriptional metabolic gene regulatory programs in diabetes is not well understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is reduced in the livers of diabetic mice and humans and is transcriptionally induced in response to insulin treatment in murine livers in vitro and in vivo. Liver-specific Ttp-KO (lsTtp-KO) mice challenged with high-fat diet (HFD) have improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity compared with littermate controls. Analysis of secreted hepatic factors demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is posttranscriptionally repressed by TTP. Consistent with increased FGF21, lsTtp-KO mice fed HFD have increased brown fat activation, peripheral tissue glucose uptake, and adiponectin production compared with littermate controls. Downregulation of hepatic Fgf21 via an adeno-associated virus-driven shRNA in mice fed HFD reverses the insulin-sensitizing effects of hepatic Ttp deletion. Thus, hepatic TTP posttranscriptionally regulates systemic insulin sensitivity in diabetes through liver-derived FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad T Sawicki
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason S Shapiro
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marina Bayeva
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Rana KS, Pararasa C, Afzal I, Nagel DA, Hill EJ, Bailey CJ, Griffiths HR, Kyrou I, Randeva HS, Bellary S, Brown JE. Plasma irisin is elevated in type 2 diabetes and is associated with increased E-selectin levels. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:147. [PMID: 29121940 PMCID: PMC5680831 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a hormone released mainly from skeletal muscle after exercise which increases adipose tissue energy expenditure. Adipocytes can also release irisin after exercise, acting as a local adipokine to induce white adipose tissue to take on a brown adipose tissue-like phenotype, suggesting that irisin and its receptor may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diabetes. Previous reports provide conflicting evidence regarding circulating irisin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods This study investigated plasma irisin concentrations in 79 T2DM individuals, assessing potential associations with measures of segmental body composition, markers of endothelial dysfunction and peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length (TL). Results Resting, overnight-fasted plasma irisin levels were significantly higher in this group of T2DM patients compared with levels we previously reported in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). Moreover, plasma irisin displayed a positive correlation with body mass index (p = 0.04), body fat percentage (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.03) and soluble E-selectin (p < 0.001). A significant negative association was observed between plasma irisin and visceral adiposity (p = 0.006) in T2DM patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating soluble E-selectin levels could be predicted by plasma irisin (p = 0.004). Additionally, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 200 ng/ml irisin for 4 h showed a significant fourfold increase in E-selectin and 2.5-fold increase in ICAM-1 gene expression (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015 respectively), and there was a 1.8-fold increase in soluble E-selectin in conditioned media (p < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that elevated plasma irisin in T2DM is associated with indices of adiposity, and that irisin may be involved in pro-atherogenic endothelial disturbances that accompany obesity and T2DM. Accordingly, irisin may constitute a potentially novel therapeutic opportunity in the field of obesity and cardiovascular diabetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan S Rana
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chathyan Pararasa
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Islam Afzal
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - David A Nagel
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Eric J Hill
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Clifford J Bailey
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Srikanth Bellary
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Diabetes Outpatient Clinics at the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - James E Brown
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. .,Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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Rao Y, Yu H, Gao L, Lu YT, Xu Z, Liu H, Gu LQ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. Natural alkaloid bouchardatine ameliorates metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-fed mice by stimulating the sirtuin 1/liver kinase B-1/AMPK axis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2457-2470. [PMID: 28493443 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Promoting energy metabolism is known to provide therapeutic effects for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of the newly identified bouchardatine (Bou) on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and the molecular mechanisms of these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The molecular mode of action of Bou for its effects on lipid metabolism was first examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 cells. This was followed by an evaluation of its metabolic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks with Bou being administered in the last 5 weeks. Further mechanistic investigations were conducted in pertinent organs of the mice and relevant cell models. KEY RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Bou reduced lipid content and increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity to facilitate liver kinase B1 (LKB1) activation of AMPK. Chronic administration of Bou (50 mg∙kg-1 every other day) in mice significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced increases in body weight gain, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver without affecting food intake and no adverse effects were detected. These metabolic effects were associated with activation of the SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK signalling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. Of particular note, UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis were increased in both white and brown adipose tissues of Bou-treated mice. Incubation with Bou induced similar changes in primary brown adipocytes isolated from mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Bou may have therapeutic potential for obesity-related metabolic diseases by increasing the capacity of energy expenditure in adipose tissues and liver through a mechanism involving the SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Quan Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Molecular Pharmacology for Diabetes Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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AMP-Activated Kinase (AMPK) Activation by AICAR in Human White Adipocytes Derived from Pericardial White Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Induces a Partial Beige-Like Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157644. [PMID: 27322180 PMCID: PMC4913939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are special cells situated in the white adipose tissue. Beige adipocytes, lacking thermogenic cues, morphologically look quite similar to regular white adipocytes, but with a markedly different response to adrenalin. White adipocytes respond to adrenergic stimuli by enhancing lipolysis, while in beige adipocytes adrenalin induces mitochondrial biogenesis too. A key step in the differentiation and function of beige adipocytes is the deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) by SIRT1 and the consequent mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an upstream activator of SIRT1, therefore we set out to investigate the role of AMPK in beige adipocyte differentiation using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) from pericardial adipose tissue. hADMSCs were differentiated to white and beige adipocytes and the differentiation medium of the white adipocytes was supplemented with 100 μM [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-Carbamoyl-5-aminoimidazol-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate (AICAR), a known activator of AMPK. The activation of AMPK with AICAR led to the appearance of beige-like morphological properties in differentiated white adipocytes. Namely, smaller lipid droplets appeared in AICAR-treated white adipocytes in a similar fashion as in beige cells. Moreover, in AICAR-treated white adipocytes the mitochondrial network was more fused than in white adipocytes; a fused mitochondrial system was characteristic to beige adipocytes. Despite the morphological similarities between AICAR-treated white adipocytes and beige cells, functionally AICAR-treated white adipocytes were similar to white adipocytes. We were unable to detect increases in basal or cAMP-induced oxygen consumption rate (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Similarly, markers of beige adipocytes such as TBX1, UCP1, CIDEA, PRDM16 and TMEM26 remained the same when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Our data point out that in human pericardial hADMSCs the role of AMPK activation in controlling beige differentiation is restricted to morphological features, but not to actual metabolic changes.
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Unser AM, Tian Y, Xie Y. Opportunities and challenges in three-dimensional brown adipogenesis of stem cells. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:962-79. [PMID: 26231586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) via brown adipogenesis has become a notable process due to its ability to expend energy as heat with implications in the treatment of metabolic disorders and obesity. With the advent of complexity within white adipose tissue (WAT) along with inducible brown adipocytes (also known as brite and beige), there has been a surge in deciphering adipocyte biology as well as in vivo adipogenic microenvironments. A therapeutic outcome would benefit from understanding early events in brown adipogenesis, which can be accomplished by studying cellular differentiation. Pluripotent stem cells are an efficient model for differentiation and have been directed towards both white adipogenic and brown adipogenic lineages. The stem cell microenvironment greatly contributes to terminal cell fate and as such, has been mimicked extensively by various polymers including those that can form 3D hydrogel constructs capable of biochemical and/or mechanical modifications and modulations. Using bioengineering approaches towards the creation of 3D cell culture arrangements is more beneficial than traditional 2D culture in that it better recapitulates the native tissue biochemically and biomechanically. In addition, such an approach could potentially protect the tissue formed from necrosis and allow for more efficient implantation. In this review, we highlight the promise of brown adipocytes with a focus on brown adipogenic differentiation of stem cells using bioengineering approaches, along with potential challenges and opportunities that arise when considering the energy expenditure of BAT for prospective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Unser
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Yangzi Tian
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Yubing Xie
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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