1
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Du TY, Hall SR, Chung F, Kurdyukov S, Crittenden E, Patel K, Dawson CA, Westhorpe AP, Bartlett KE, Rasmussen SA, Moreno CL, Denes CE, Albulescu LO, Marriott AE, Mackay JP, Wilkinson MC, Gutiérrez JM, Casewell NR, Neely GG. Molecular dissection of cobra venom highlights heparinoids as an antidote for spitting cobra envenoming. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk4802. [PMID: 39018365 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Snakebites affect about 1.8 million people annually. The current standard of care involves antibody-based antivenoms, which can be difficult to access and are generally not effective against local tissue injury, the primary cause of morbidity. Here, we used a pooled whole-genome CRISPR knockout screen to define human genes that, when targeted, modify cell responses to spitting cobra venoms. A large portion of modifying genes that conferred resistance to venom cytotoxicity was found to control proteoglycan biosynthesis, including EXT1, B4GALT7, EXT2, EXTL3, XYLT2, NDST1, and SLC35B2, which we validated independently. This finding suggested heparinoids as possible inhibitors. Heparinoids prevented venom cytotoxicity through binding to three-finger cytotoxins, and the US Food and Drug Administration-approved heparinoid tinzaparin was found to reduce tissue damage in mice when given via a medically relevant route and dose. Overall, our systematic molecular dissection of cobra venom cytotoxicity provides insight into how we can better treat cobra snakebite envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Y Du
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Steven R Hall
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Felicity Chung
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sergey Kurdyukov
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edouard Crittenden
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karishma Patel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Dawson
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam P Westhorpe
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Keirah E Bartlett
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sean A Rasmussen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, 7th Floor of MacKenzie Building, 5788 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Cesar L Moreno
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher E Denes
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy E Marriott
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Clodomiro Picado Institute, School of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 15501, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Charles Perkins Centre, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Park JY, Kim HS, Hyung H, Jang S, Ko J, Lee JH, Kim SY, Park S, Yi J, Park S, Lim SG, Kim S, Lee S, Kim MO, Jang S, Ryoo ZY. TASL mediates keratinocyte differentiation by regulating intracellular calcium levels and lysosomal function. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10978. [PMID: 38744928 PMCID: PMC11094165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining epidermal homeostasis relies on a tightly organized process of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. While past studies have primarily focused on calcium regulation in keratinocyte differentiation, recent research has shed light on the crucial role of lysosome dysfunction in this process. TLR adaptor interacting with SLC15A4 on the lysosome (TASL) plays a role in regulating pH within the endo-lysosome. However, the specific role of TASL in keratinocyte differentiation and its potential impact on proliferation remains elusive. In our study, we discovered that TASL deficiency hinders the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest. Also, TASL deficiency disrupts proper differentiation process in TASL knockout human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) by affecting lysosomal function. Additionally, our research into calcium-induced differentiation showed that TASL deficiency affects calcium modulation, which is essential for keratinocyte regulation. These findings unveil a novel role of TASL in the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, providing new insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms of keratinocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeong Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeng-Soo Kim
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Hyung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jang
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggon Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Bartlett KE, Hall SR, Rasmussen SA, Crittenden E, Dawson CA, Albulescu LO, Laprade W, Harrison RA, Saviola AJ, Modahl CM, Jenkins TP, Wilkinson MC, Gutiérrez JM, Casewell NR. Dermonecrosis caused by a spitting cobra snakebite results from toxin potentiation and is prevented by the repurposed drug varespladib. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315597121. [PMID: 38687786 PMCID: PMC11087757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315597121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial mortality and morbidity globally. The venom of African spitting cobras often causes permanent injury via tissue-destructive dermonecrosis at the bite site, which is ineffectively treated by current antivenoms. To address this therapeutic gap, we identified the etiological venom toxins in Naja nigricollis venom responsible for causing local dermonecrosis. While cytotoxic three-finger toxins were primarily responsible for causing spitting cobra cytotoxicity in cultured keratinocytes, their potentiation by phospholipases A2 toxins was essential to cause dermonecrosis in vivo. This evidence of probable toxin synergism suggests that a single toxin-family inhibiting drug could prevent local envenoming. We show that local injection with the repurposed phospholipase A2-inhibiting drug varespladib significantly prevents local tissue damage caused by several spitting cobra venoms in murine models of envenoming. Our findings therefore provide a therapeutic strategy that may effectively prevent life-changing morbidity caused by snakebite in rural Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keirah E. Bartlett
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R. Hall
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Sean A. Rasmussen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSB3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Edouard Crittenden
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Dawson
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - William Laprade
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens LyngbyDK-2800, Denmark
| | - Robert A. Harrison
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Cassandra M. Modahl
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens LyngbyDK-2800, Denmark
| | - Mark C. Wilkinson
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José11501–2060, Costa Rica
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LiverpoolL3 5QA, United Kingdom
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4
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Bermudez A, Latham ZD, Ma AJ, Bi D, Hu JK, Lin NYC. Regulation of Chromatin Modifications through Coordination of Nucleus Size and Epithelial Cell Morphology Heterogeneity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590164. [PMID: 38712099 PMCID: PMC11071433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cell morphology heterogeneity within epithelial collectives is a pervasive phenomenon intertwined with tissue mechanical properties. Despite its widespread occurrence, the underlying mechanisms driving cell morphology heterogeneity and its consequential biological ramifications remain elusive. Here, we investigate the dynamic evolution of epithelial cell morphology and nucleus morphology during crowding, unveiling a consistent correlation between the two. Our investigation reveals a persistent log-normal probability distribution characterizing both cell and nucleus areas across diverse crowding stages and epithelial model systems. We showed that this morphological diversity arises from asymmetric partitioning during cell division and is perpetuated through actomyosin-mediated regulation of cell-nucleus size coordination. Moreover, we provide insights into the impact of nucleus morphology on chromatin dynamics, demonstrating that constraining nucleus area leads to downregulation of the euchromatic mark H3K9ac and upregulation of the heterochromatic mark H3K27me3 through modulation of histone demethylase UTX expression. These findings under-score the significance of cell morphology heterogeneity as a driver of chromatin state diversity, shaping functional variability within epithelial tissues.
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5
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Chen Q, Zhang XN, Ding GY, Ma YF, Zhou MS, Zhang Y. Preparation and biological evaluation of antibody targeted metal-organic framework drug delivery system (TDDS) in Her2 receptor-positive cells. Talanta 2024; 269:125380. [PMID: 37995639 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and prepared a trastuzumab-coupled drug delivery system with pH response characteristics using mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the carrier, Trastuzumab@ZIF-8@DOX. As results, the targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) ultimately showed high drug loading and good biocompatibility. The cumulative curve of drug release indicated that the early leakage levels were low under neutral pH conditions. However, under acidic pH conditions, there was an effective enhancement in drug release, indicating the presence of an explicit pH-triggered drug release mechanism. The results indicate that the prepared nanoparticles have the potential to serve as drug delivery systems, as they can release the loaded drug in a controlled manner. The results of cellular uptake tests showed that the uptake of the nanoparticles was greatly enhanced by the internalization mediated by the HER2 antibody. This finding indicates that the prepared nanoparticles can selectively target cancer cells that overexpress HER2. When the doxorubicin dose was 5 μg/ml, the survival rate of SK-BR-3 cells (cancer cells) was 47.75 %, and the survival rate of HaCaT cells (healthy cells) was 75.25 % when co-cultured with both cells. The therapeutic efficacy of Trastuzumab@ZIF-8@DOX was assessed on BALB/c nude mice to validate its potential as an effective drug delivery system for tumor inhibition in vivo. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the specificity-targeted and pH-responsive nature of this smart drug delivery system, highlighting its promising prospects for efficient and controllable cancer treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China
| | - Guo-Yu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Science and Experiment Center, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, PR China.
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6
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Staehlke S, Barth T, Muench M, Schroeter J, Wendlandt R, Oldorf P, Peters R, Nebe B, Schulz AP. The Impact of Ultrashort Pulse Laser Structuring of Metals on In-Vitro Cell Adhesion of Keratinocytes. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38391887 PMCID: PMC10889705 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides the need for biomaterial surface modification to improve cellular attachment, laser-structuring is favorable for designing a new surface topography for external bone fixator pins or implants. The principle of this study was to observe how bioinspired (deer antler) laser-induced nano-microstructures influenced the adhesion and growth of skin cells. The goal was to create pins that allow the skin to attach to the biomaterial surface in a bacteria-proof manner. Therefore, typical fixator metals, steel, and titanium alloy were structured using ultrashort laser pulses, which resulted in periodical nano- and microstructures. Surface characteristics were investigated using a laser scanning microscope and static water contact angle measurements. In vitro studies with human HaCaT keratinocytes focused on cell adhesion, morphology, actin formation, and growth within 7 days. The study showed that surface functionalization influenced cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. Micro-dimple clusters on polished bulk metals (DC20) will not hinder viability. Still, they will not promote the initial adhesion and spreading of HaCaTs. In contrast, additional nanostructuring with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) promotes cell behavior. DC20 + LIPSS induced enhanced cell attachment with well-spread cell morphology. Thus, the bioinspired structures exhibited a benefit in initial cell adhesion. Laser surface functionalization opens up new possibilities for structuring, and is relevant to developing bioactive implants in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Barth
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Muench
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Schroeter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Wendlandt
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Oldorf
- SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rigo Peters
- SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt-Peter Schulz
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Zhang H, Gu Y, Zhang K, Tu Y, Ouyang C. Roles and mechanisms of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108671. [PMID: 38154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Growing preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested the potential method of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) therapy for diabetic foot. Thus, the authors provided an outline of the application of UCMSCs in the treatment of diabetic foot and further summarized the roles and mechanisms of this therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS With no time limitations, the authors searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed (MEDLINE) databases. 14 studies were included, including 9 preclinical experiments and 5 clinical trials (3 RCTs and 2 single-arm trials). CONCLUSIONS The UCMSCs are of great efficacy and safety, and function mainly by reducing inflammation, regulating immunity, promoting growth factors, and enhancing the functions of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. As a result, ulcer healing-related biological processes ensue, which finally lead to diabetic foot ulcer healing and clinical symptom improvement. UCMSC treatment enhances diabetic foot ulcer healing and has a safety profile. They function mainly by modulating immunity, promoting growth factor secretion, and enhancing cellular functions. More well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are needed to provide the most optimal protocol, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms, as well as to further evaluate the efficiency and safety profile of UCMSC treatment in diabetic foot patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanrui Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanxia Tu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
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8
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Hall SR, Rasmussen SA, Crittenden E, Dawson CA, Bartlett KE, Westhorpe AP, Albulescu LO, Kool J, Gutiérrez JM, Casewell NR. Repurposed drugs and their combinations prevent morbidity-inducing dermonecrosis caused by diverse cytotoxic snake venoms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7812. [PMID: 38097534 PMCID: PMC10721902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity from snakebite envenoming affects approximately 400,000 people annually. Tissue damage at the bite-site often leaves victims with catastrophic life-long injuries and is largely untreatable by current antivenoms. Repurposed small molecule drugs that inhibit specific snake venom toxins show considerable promise for tackling this neglected tropical disease. Using human skin cell assays as an initial model for snakebite-induced dermonecrosis, we show that the drugs 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), marimastat, and varespladib, alone or in combination, inhibit the cytotoxicity of a broad range of medically important snake venoms. Thereafter, using preclinical mouse models of dermonecrosis, we demonstrate that the dual therapeutic combinations of DMPS or marimastat with varespladib significantly inhibit the dermonecrotic activity of geographically distinct and medically important snake venoms, even when the drug combinations are delivered one hour after envenoming. These findings strongly support the future translation of repurposed drug combinations as broad-spectrum therapeutics for preventing morbidity caused by snakebite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Hall
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Sean A Rasmussen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, 7th Floor of MacKenzie Building, 5788 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Edouard Crittenden
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Charlotte A Dawson
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Keirah E Bartlett
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Adam P Westhorpe
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, PO Box 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
- Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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9
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Liu Y, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Chen S, Tong L, Wei Q. Glycyrol Prevents the Progression of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation via Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17335. [PMID: 38139164 PMCID: PMC10744267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrol (GC) is one natural active product. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like Balb/c mouse models were established. The model mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclosporine A (CsA) and GC for 8 days followed by a series of biological detections. GC had little toxicity according to the levels of peripheral blood cells, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (CRE), while CsA significantly increased the levels of BUN and CRE. GC decreased the splenic index and reduced the expressions of IL-6, IL-23, and CXCL-3 in the model mice and IL-6, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2 in the inflammatory HaCaT cells. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of GC on HaCaT cells was 29.72 μmol/L, resulting in improved apoptosis, enhanced expressions of p21, BAX, and BIK, and reduced expressions of BCL-2. GC is an immunosuppressive agent against psoriasis-like symptoms by anti-inflammatory effects, which provides a strategy for the discovery of anti-psoriatic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qun Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
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10
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Kim KO. In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4650. [PMID: 38139902 PMCID: PMC10747216 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in materials science, textiles, and medicine that cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential health risks that nanomaterials pose and the lack of standardized guidelines for the safety evaluation of NF products. The global safety evaluations of nanomaterials have focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of low-dimensional materials, including nanoparticles and nanotubes, based on OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) criteria. NFs are one-dimensional materials with nanometer diameters and considerable lengths. Many fibers are applied in a densely woven web-like form, so assessing cellular penetration and fiber toxicity using the same methods is inappropriate. This study verifies the safety of the polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers currently applied in filters and masks. To this end, polymer NFs were collected from each product, and the NFs were compared with reference samples using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. For the safety evaluation, DMSO stocks of varying concentrations of PVDF and PU NFs (at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) were prepared. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and protein expression obtained via Western blot were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Oh Kim
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jookjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 448-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bhatt T, Dam B, Khedkar SU, Lall S, Pandey S, Kataria S, Ajnabi J, Gulzar SEJ, Dias PM, Waskar M, Raut J, Sundaramurthy V, Vemula PK, Ghatlia N, Majumdar A, Jamora C. Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255478. [PMID: 38022563 PMCID: PMC10663372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens to compromise the effectiveness of worldwide vaccination programs, and highlights the need for complementary strategies for a sustainable containment plan. An effective approach is to mobilize the body's own antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and propagation. We have found that human cathelicidin (LL37), an AMP found at epithelial barriers as well as in various bodily fluids, has the capacity to neutralise multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2. Biophysical and computational studies indicate that LL37's mechanism of action is through the disruption of the viral membrane. This antiviral activity of LL37 is enhanced by the hydrotropic action of niacinamide, which may increase the bioavailability of the AMP. Interestingly, we observed an inverse correlation between LL37 levels and disease severity of COVID-19 positive patients, suggesting enhancement of AMP response as a potential therapeutic avenue to mitigate disease severity. The combination of niacinamide and LL37 is a potent antiviral formulation that targets viral membranes of various variants and can be an effective strategy to overcome vaccine escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Bhatt
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Binita Dam
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Uday Khedkar
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahil Lall
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhashini Pandey
- Integrative Chemical Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunny Kataria
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Johan Ajnabi
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Integrative Chemical Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Colin Jamora
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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12
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Dong J, Ren B, Tian Y, Peng G, Zhai H, Meng Z, Gu R, Gan H, Wu Z, Sun Y, Dou G, Liu S. Effects of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury on Hyaluronan Degradation and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:7449. [PMID: 37959868 PMCID: PMC10647323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is a frequent and severe complication with a complex pathogenesis that often occurs during radiation therapy, nuclear incidents, and nuclear war, for which there is no effective treatment. Hyaluronan (HA) plays an overwhelming role in the skin, and it has been shown that UVB irradiation induces increased HA expression. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study regarding the biological correlation between RISI and HA degradation and its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, in our study, we investigated low-molecular-weight HA content using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and changes in the expression of HA-related metabolic enzymes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a Western blotting assay. The oxidative stress level of the RISI model was assessed using sodium dismutase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species assays. We demonstrated that low-molecular-weight HA content was significantly upregulated in skin tissues during the late phase of irradiation exposure in the RISI model and that HA-related metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress levels, the MEK5/ERK5 pathway, and inflammatory factors were consistent with changes in low-molecular-weight HA content. These findings prove that HA degradation is biologically relevant to RISI development and that the HA degradation mechanisms are related to HA-related metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors. The MEK5/ERK5 pathway represents a potential mechanism of HA degradation. In conclusion, we aimed to investigate changes in HA content and preliminarily investigate the HA degradation mechanism in a RISI model under γ-ray irradiation, to consider HA as a new target for RISI and provide ideas for novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Boyuan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guanqun Peng
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Huiting Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (J.D.); (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.G.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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13
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Basson C, Serem JC, Hlophe YN, Bipath P. An in vitro investigation of l-kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenic acid on B16 F10 melanoma cell cytotoxicity and morphology. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:912-922. [PMID: 37661337 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic behavior of melanoma has accentuated the need for specific therapy targets. Compounds, namely l-kynurenine ( l-kyn), quinolinic acid (Quin), and kynurenic acid (KA) previously displayed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in vitro against cancer cells. Despite the growing interest in these compounds there are limited studies examining the in vitro effects on melanoma. In B16 F10 melanoma cells, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and HaCat keratinocyte cells, postexposure to the compounds, crystal violet staining was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ), whereas polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast and light microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess morphological changes. l-kyn, Quin, and KA-induced cytotoxicity in all cell lines, with l-kyn being the most cytotoxic compound. l-kyn and KA at IC50 -induced morphological changes in B16 F10, RAW 264.7, and HaCat cell lines, whereas Quin had effects on B16 F10 and RAW 264.7 cells but did not affect HaCat cells. l-kyn, Quin, and KA each display different levels of cytotoxicity, which were cell line specific. l-kyn was shown to be the most potent compound against all cell lines and may offer future treatment strategies when combined with other viable treatments against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Basson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Nkondo Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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Wang B, Zhang J, Li G, Xu C, Yang L, Zhang J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang M, Li J, Tang X, Liu B. N-acetyltransferase 10 promotes cutaneous wound repair via the NF-κB-IL-6 axis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:324. [PMID: 37644005 PMCID: PMC10465497 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing, an integral part for protection of skin barrier, is a complex biological process and intimately associated with keratinocyte migration. However, mechanisms regulating keratinocyte migration in the process of cutaneous wound repair remain largely unknown. Here, we found that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is essential for cutaneous wound repair in an in vivo skin wound healing model-a significant delay of wound repair in Nat10 haploinsufficient mice and a remarkable inhibition of keratinocyte migration by NAT10 knockdown in an in vitro keratinocyte migration model. We further demonstrate that loss of NAT10 expression attenuates the wound-induced IL-6/IL-8 expression through inhibiting NF-κB/p65 activity in keratinocytes. By deeply digging, silencing NAT10 compromises the level of nuclear p65 by facilitating its poly-ubiquitination, thus accelerates its degradation in the nucleus. Notably, we detected a strong positive correlation between the expression of NAT10 and relevant NF-kB/p65-IL6 signaling activity in mouse wound skin tissues. Overall, our study reveals an important role of NAT10 on cutaneous wound repair by potentiating NF-κB/p65-IL-6/8-STAT3 signaling. Targeting NAT10 might be a potential strategy for the treatment of skin wound dysfunctions and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenzhong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Langmei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Ruttanapattanakul J, Wikan N, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Combination of Pinocembrin and Epidermal Growth Factor Enhances the Proliferation and Survival of Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12450. [PMID: 37569825 PMCID: PMC10418855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is delayed in aged skin due to a slow rate of keratinocyte proliferation, and this may cause complications. Thus, there has been development of new therapies that increase treatment efficacy for skin wounds. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been clinically used, but this agent is expensive, and its activity is less stable. Therefore, a stable compound possessing EGF-like properties may be an effective therapy, especially when combined with EGF. The current study discovered that pinocembrin (PC) effectively synergized with EGF in increasing keratinocyte viability. The combination of PC and EGF significantly enhanced the proliferation and wound closure rate of the keratinocyte monolayer through activating the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. Although these effects of PC were like those of EGF, we clearly proved that PC did not transactivate EGFR. Recent data from a previous study revealed that PC activates G-protein-coupled receptor 120 which further activates ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Therefore, this clearly indicates that PC possesses a unique property to stimulate the growth and survival of keratinocytes through activating a different receptor, which subsequently conveys the signal to cross-talk with the effector kinases downstream of the EGFR, suggesting that PC is a potential compound to be combined with EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapak Ruttanapattanakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (N.W.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (N.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (N.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (N.W.); (S.P.)
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16
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Migliario M, Yerra P, Gino S, Sabbatini M, Renò F. Laser Biostimulation Induces Wound Healing-Promoter β2-Defensin Expression in Human Keratinocytes via Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1550. [PMID: 37627545 PMCID: PMC10451672 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense of the body composed of anatomical barriers, such as skin and mucosa, as well as effector cells, antimicrobial peptides, soluble mediators, and cell receptors able to detect and destroy viruses and bacteria and to sense trauma and wounds to initiate repair. The human β-defensins belong to a family of antimicrobial small cationic peptides produced by epithelial cells, and show immunomodulatory and pro-healing activities. Laser biostimulation is a therapy widely used to contrast microbial infection and to accelerate wound healing through biological mechanisms that include the creation of oxidative stress. In this paper, we explored laser biostimulation's ability to modulate the production of two β-defensins, hBD-1 and hBD-2, in human keratinocytes and whether this modulation was, at least in part, oxidative-stress-dependent. Human spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were stimulated using laser irradiation at a 980 nm wavelength, setting the power output to 1 W (649.35 mW/cm2) in the continuous mode. Cells were irradiated for 0 (negative control), 5, 10, 25 and 50 s, corresponding to an energy stimulation of 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 J. Positive control cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng/mL). After 6 and 24 h of treatment, the cell conditioned medium was collected and analyzed via ELISA assay for the production of hBD-1 and hBD-2. In another set of experiments, HaCaT were pre-incubated for 45 min with antioxidant drugs-vitamin C (Vit. C, 100 µM), sodium azide (NaN3, 1 mM); ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mM) and sodium pyruvate (NaPyr, 100 µM)-and then biostimulated for 0 or 50 s. After 6 h, the conditioned medium was collected and used for the ELISA analysis. The hBD-1 and hBD-2 production by HaCaT was significantly increased by single laser biostimulation after 6 h in an energy-dependent fashion compared to basal levels, and both reached production levels induced by LPS. After 24 h, only hBD-2 production induced by laser biostimulation was further increased, while the basal and stimulated hBD-1 levels were comparable. Pre-incubation with antioxidative drugs was able to completely abrogate the laser-induced production of both hBD-1 and hBD-2 after 6 h, with the exception of hBD-1 production in samples stimulated after NaN3 pre-incubation. A single laser biostimulation induced the oxidative-stress-dependent production of both hBD-1 and hBD-2 in human keratinocytes. In particular, the pro-healing hBD-2 level was almost three times higher than the baseline level and lasted for 24 h. These findings increase our knowledge about the positive effects of laser biostimulation on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Migliario
- Traslational Medicine Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli n. 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Preetham Yerra
- Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli n. 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Y.); (S.G.)
| | - Sarah Gino
- Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli n. 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Y.); (S.G.)
| | - Maurizio Sabbatini
- Sciences and Innovative Technology Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Filippo Renò
- Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli n. 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Y.); (S.G.)
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17
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Cros A, De Juan A, Leclère R, Sampaio JL, San Roman M, Maurin M, Heurtebise-Chrétien S, Segura E. Homeostatic activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by dietary ligands dampens cutaneous allergic responses by controlling Langerhans cells migration. eLife 2023; 12:86413. [PMID: 37190854 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary compounds can affect the development of inflammatory responses at distant sites. However, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we addressed the influence on allergic responses of dietary agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In cutaneous papain-induced allergy, we found that lack of dietary AhR ligands exacerbates allergic responses. This phenomenon was tissue-specific as airway allergy was unaffected by the diet. In addition, lack of dietary AhR ligands worsened asthma-like allergy in a model of 'atopic march.' Mice deprived of dietary AhR ligands displayed impaired Langerhans cell migration, leading to exaggerated T cell responses. Mechanistically, dietary AhR ligands regulated the inflammatory profile of epidermal cells, without affecting barrier function. In particular, we evidenced TGF-β hyperproduction in the skin of mice deprived of dietary AhR ligands, explaining Langerhans cell retention. Our work identifies an essential role for homeostatic activation of AhR by dietary ligands in the dampening of cutaneous allergic responses and uncovers the importance of the gut-skin axis in the development of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Cros
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Alba De Juan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Leclère
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Plateforme de Pathologie Expérimentale, Paris, France
| | - Julio L Sampaio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Plateforme de Métabolomique et Lipidomique, Paris, France
| | - Mabel San Roman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, Paris, France
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18
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Filippone A, Casili G, Lanza M, Scuderi SA, Ardizzone A, Capra AP, Paterniti I, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Xyloglucan, Pea Protein and Opuntia ficus-indica Extract in a Preclinical Model of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043122. [PMID: 36834534 PMCID: PMC9966091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal gene abnormalities, epidermal barrier defects and inflammation. Corticosteroids are considered to be standard treatments, but often come with side effects and lose efficacy with long-term use. Alternative treatments targeting the epidermal barrier defect are needed to manage the disease. Film-forming substances such as xyloglucan, pea protein and Opuntia ficus-indica extract (XPO) have generated interest for their ability to restore skin barrier integrity and may pose an alternative approach to disease management. Thus, the aim of this two-part study was to evaluate the barrier-protective properties of a topical cream containing XPO on the membrane permeability of keratinocytes exposed to inflammatory conditions and compare its efficacy to dexamethasone (DXM) in an in vivo model of psoriasis-like dermatitis. XPO treatment significantly reduced S. aureus adhesion, subsequent skin invasion and restored epithelial barrier function in keratinocytes. Furthermore, the treatment restored the integrity of keratinocytes, reducing tissue damage. In mice with psoriasis-like dermatitis, XPO significantly reduced erythema, inflammatory markers and epidermal thickening with a superior efficacy to dexamethasone. Given the promising results, XPO may represent a novel steroid-sparing therapeutic for epidermal-related diseases such as psoriasis, thanks to its ability to preserve skin barrier function and integrity.
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19
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Manning D, Barrett-Jolley R, Evans RL, Dart C. TRPC1 channel clustering during store-operated Ca 2+ entry in keratinocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141006. [PMID: 36950299 PMCID: PMC10025536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the human body with ∼95% of its surface made up of keratinocytes. These cells maintain a healthy skin barrier through regulated differentiation driven by Ca2+-transcriptional coupling. Many important skin conditions arise from disruption of this process although not all stages are fully understood. We know that elevated extracellular Ca2+ at the skin surface is detected by keratinocyte Gαq-coupled receptors that signal to empty endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Orai channel store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+ influx via "canonical" transient receptor potential (TRPC)-composed channels then activates transcription factors that drive differentiation. While STIM-mediated activation of Orai channels following store depletion is well defined, how TRPC channels are activated is less clear. Multiple modes of TRPC channel activation have been proposed, including 1) independent TRPC activation by STIM, 2) formation of Orai-TRPC-STIM complexes, and 3) the insertion of constitutively-active TRPC channels into the membrane during SOCE. To help distinguish between these models, we used high-resolution microscopy of intact keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of HaCaT plasma membrane sheets. Our data shows no evidence of significant insertion of Orai1 or TRPC subunits into the membrane during SOCE. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy data shows that during store-depletion and SOCE, Orai1 and TRPC subunits form separate membrane-localized clusters that migrate towards each other. This clustering of TRPC channel subunits in keratinocytes may support the formation of TRPC-STIM interactions at ER-plasma membrane junctions that are distinct from Orai-STIM junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Evans
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Caroline Dart,
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Eco-friendly dyeing of polyamide and polyamide-elastane knits with living bacterial cultures of two Streptomyces sp. strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:32. [PMID: 36462123 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Given the environmental burden of textile industry, especially of dyeing processes and the volume of synthetic dyes and surfactants, the intensive development of the greener approaches is under way. Herein, an environmentaly-friendly dyeing of polyamide (PA) and PA/Elastane (PA/EA) knits using live bacterial approach in water environment, completely eliminating usage of textile auxiliaries is described. A total of 12 pigment-producing Streptomyces strains were isolated and purified from soil and rizoshere or bark of smoke tree Cotinus coggygria samples. The antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of crude bacterial extracts were tested. Antimicrobial effect was obtained by the majority of extracts but only two streptomycetes extracts, 11-5 and BPS51, showed moderate cytotoxicity against HaCaT human cell line. This was the reason to select 11-5 and BPS51 strains for the dyeing of the textile materials. Excellent properties of dyeing wool, silk and PA are achieved initially using live cultures, and the bioprocess is optimized on commercial PA and PA/EA knits used for stockings production. Satisfactory coloration of both knits is achieved with dynamic conditions (culture shaking at 180 rpm over 5-14 days at 30 ºC) giving the best coloration results, except in the case of the PA sample dyed with a bacterial strain 11-5. The prolongation of dyeing time leads to higher color yields independently of fabric and bacteria strain. Although the color differences between the samples before and after washing are observed, washing fastness after three washing cycles can be considered as satisfactory.
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Dehelean CA, Coricovac D, Pinzaru I, Marcovici I, Macasoi IG, Semenescu A, Lazar G, Cinta Pinzaru S, Radulov I, Alexa E, Cretu O. Rutin bioconjugates as potential nutraceutical prodrugs: An in vitro and in ovo toxicological screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000608. [PMID: 36210849 PMCID: PMC9538480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin (RUT) is considered one the most attractive flavonoids from a therapeutic perspective due to its multispectral pharmacological activities including antiradical, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic among others. Still, this compound presents a low bioavailability what narrows its clinical applications. To overcome this inconvenience, the current paper was focused on the synthesis, characterization, and toxicological assessment of two RUT bioconjugates obtained by enzymatic esterification with oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA)—rutin oleate (RUT-O) and rutin linoleate (RUT-L), as flavonoid precursors with improved physicochemical and biological properties. Following the enzymatic synthesis in the presence of Novozyme® 435, the two bioconjugates were obtained, their formation being confirmed by RAMAN and FT-IR spectroscopy. The in vitro and in ovo toxicological assessment of RUT bioconjugates (1–100 µM) was performed using 2D consecrated cell lines (cardiomyoblasts - H9c2(2-1), hepatocytes—HepaRG, and keratinocytes—HaCaT), 3D reconstructed human epidermis tissue (EpiDerm™), and chick chorioallantoic membranes, respectively. The results obtained were test compound, concentration—and cell-type dependent, as follows: RUT-O reduced the viability of H9c2(2-1), HepaRG, and HaCaT cells at 100 µM (to 77.53%, 83.17%, and 78.32%, respectively), and induced cell rounding and floating, as well as apoptotic-like features in the nuclei of all cell lines, whereas RUT-L exerted no signs of cytotoxicity in all cell lines in terms of cell viability, morphology, and nuclear integrity. Both RUT esters impaired the migration of HepaRG cells (at 25 µM) and lack irritative potential (at 100 µM) in vitro (tissue viability >50%) and in ovo (irritation scores of 0.70 for RUT-O, and 0.49 for RUT-L, respectively). Computational predictions revealed an increased lipophilicity, and reduced solubility, drug-likeness and drug score of RUT-O and RUT-L compared to their parent compounds—RUT, OA, and LA. In conclusion, we report a favorable toxicological profile for RUT-L, while RUT-O is dosage-limited since at high concentrations were noticed cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- *Correspondence: Iulia Pinzaru,
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Semenescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Geza Lazar
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Cinta Pinzaru
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Cui X, Li Y, Han T, Yang S, Liang Y, Wang Z, Wang T, Xu Z. The fermented kelp by Bacillus siamensis has antioxidant, skin-repairing and anti-wrinkle effects. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Blanchard G, Pich C, Hohl D. HaCaT cells as a model system to study primary cilia in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1276-1280. [PMID: 35708968 PMCID: PMC9542831 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule‐based organelle found on the apical surface of most mammalian cell types, playing a role in development and tissue homeostasis. Ciliopathies are a rapidly growing group of human diseases characterized by disordered cilium. PC plays an important role in pathogenesis of basal cell cancer, the most common human malignancy. A significant increase in ciliation has been observed in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients. Spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes, HaCaT are a model to study the epidermal homeostasis and pathophysiology. In contrast to what has been previously described, here, we show that HaCaT can be efficiently ciliated. In HaCaT cells, differentiation significantly increased the number of ciliated cells and we were able to analyse in detail the ciliary length progression with duration of differentiation. As the number of recognized ciliopathies continues to increase, the importance of ciliary models also rises. Even though keratinocytes do not become as highly and rapidly ciliated as cell lines frequently used in ciliary studies, they are a better model for the study of skin ciliopathies. Detailed progression of ciliation in HaCaT could serve as the basis for ciliary studies in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Blanchard
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Beaumont Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Pich
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Beaumont Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Beaumont Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Jiang L, Zeng Y, Ai L, Yan H, Yang X, Luo P, Yang B, Xu Z, He Q. Decreased HMGB1 expression contributed to cutaneous toxicity caused by lapatinib. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115105. [PMID: 35617997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The application of lapatinib, a widely used dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR/ERBB1) and 2 (HER2/ERBB2), has been seriously limited due to cutaneous toxicity. However, the specific mechanism of lapatinib-induced cutaneous toxicity has not been clarified, leading to the lack of an effective strategy to improve clinical safety. Here, we found that lapatinib could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, lead to DNA damage and ultimately cause apoptosis of keratinocytes. In addition, we found that lapatinib could induce an aberrant immune response and promote the release of inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, downregulated expression of the DNA repair protein HMGB1 played a critical role in these toxic reaction processes. Overexpression of HMGB1 inhibited keratinocyte apoptosis and inflammatory reactions. Therefore, restoring HMGB1 expression might be an effective remedy against lapatinib-induced cutaneous toxicity. Finally, we found that saikosaponin A could significantly rescue the reduced HMGB1 transcription, which could alleviate lapatinib-induced DNA damage, inhibit keratinocyte apoptosis and further prevent the toxicity of lapatinib in mice. Collectively, our study might bring new hope to clinicians and tumor patients and shed new light on the prevention of cutaneous adverse drug reactions induced by EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Ai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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25
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Jin Y, Liu D, Lu Z, Yang L, Chen J, Zhou X, Qiu Z, Jin Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Liposomes and Niosomes Containing Total Ginsenosides for Anti-Photoaging Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874827. [PMID: 35464721 PMCID: PMC9019747 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the principal bioactive compounds of ginseng. Total ginsenosides (GS) contain a variety of saponin monomers, which have potent anti-photoaging activity and improve the skin barrier function. To enhance the efficiency of GS transdermal absorption, GS liposomes (GSLs) and GS niosomes (GSNs) were formulated as delivery vehicles. Based on the clarified and optimized formulation process, GSL and GSN were prepared. The structure, cumulative transmittance, skin retention, total transmittance, and bioactivity of GSLs and GSNs were characterized. GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). In addition, HaCAT cell migration, proliferation, and GS cellular uptake were significantly increased. The therapeutic effects of GSL and GSN were also evaluated in a rat model of photoaging. Histopathological changes were assessed in rat skin treated with GSL, GSN, or GS by hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and aldehyde fuchsine staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, GSH-Px, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels were determined. Results indicated that the optimal formulation of GSL used soybean lecithin (SPC) as the phospholipid, with a lipid–drug ratio of 1:0.4 and a phospholipid–cholesterol ratio of 1:3.5. The optimal temperature for the preparation process of GSN by ethanol injection was 65°C, with a ratio of the organic phase to aqueous phase of 1:9. It was demonstrated that the cumulative release rate, skin retention rate, and total transmission rate of GSL-7 at 24 h were higher than those of GSN-4 and GS. GSL-7 significantly inhibited skin lipid peroxidation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In addition, GSL-7 reduced the contents of MMPs and inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue. In conclusion, GSL-7 may reduce skin aging caused by UV radiation and contribute to skin tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Environment and Quality Testing, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Lubing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Ye Jin,
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Ye Jin,
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Duarte SS, Silva DKF, Lisboa TMH, Gouveia RG, de Andrade CCN, de Sousa VM, Ferreira RC, de Moura RO, Gomes JNS, da Silva PM, de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de Azevedo F, Keesen TSL, Gonçalves JCR, Batista LM, Sobral MV. Apoptotic and antioxidant effects in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells by a spiro-acridine compound, AMTAC-06. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:545-554. [PMID: 35297003 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acridine compounds have been described as promising anticancer agents. Previous studies showed that (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a spiro-acridine compound, has antitumor activity on Ehrlich tumor and low toxicity. Herein, we investigated its antitumor effect against human cells in vitro. METHODS MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of AMTAC-06 (3.125-200 µM) against tumor and non-tumor cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The effects on the cell cycle (propidium iodide-PI-staining), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometry), and production of reactive oxygen species, ROS (DCFH assay) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was achieved using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. RESULTS AMTAC-06 showed higher cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells (IC50: 12.62 µM). The SI showed that AMTAC-06 was more selective for HCT-116 cells (HaCaT SI: 1.41; PBMC SI: 0.62) than doxorubicin (HaCaT SI: 0.10; PBMC SI: 0.01). AMTAC-06 (15 and 30 µM) induced an increase in the sub-G1 peak (p < 0.000001) and cell cycle arrest in S phase (p = 0.003547). Moreover, treatment with this compound (15 and 30 µM) resulted in increased early (p < 0.000001) and late apoptotic cells (p < 0.000001). In addition, there was a reduction on ROS production (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS AMTAC-06 presents anticancer activity against HCT-116 cells by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and an antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Sousa Duarte
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daiana Karla Frade Silva
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mangeon Honorato Lisboa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rawny Galdino Gouveia
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Valgrícia Matias de Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Joilly Nilce Santana Gomes
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Invertebrate Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana S L Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Oncofarmacologia (Oncofar), Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos (IPeFarM). Cidade Universitária, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil.
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27
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Giugliano R, Buonocore C, Zannella C, Chianese A, Palma Esposito F, Tedesco P, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, Franci G, de Pascale D. Antiviral Activity of the Rhamnolipids Mixture from the Antarctic Bacterium Pseudomonas gessardii M15 against Herpes Simplex Viruses and Coronaviruses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122121. [PMID: 34959400 PMCID: PMC8704987 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses represent a serious threat to human health at a global level. In particular, enveloped viruses are one of the main causes of viral outbreaks, as recently demonstrated by SARS-CoV-2. An effective strategy to counteract these viruses could be to target the envelope by using surface-active compounds. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are microbial biosurfactants displaying a wide range of bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm, among others. Being of microbial origin, they are environmentally-friendly, biodegradable, and less toxic than synthetic surfactants. In this work, we explored the antiviral activity of the rhamnolipids mixture (M15RL) produced by the Antarctic bacteria Pseudomonas gessardii M15 against viruses belonging to Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae families. In addition, we investigated the rhamnolipids’ mode of action and the possibility of inactivating viruses on treated surfaces. Our results show complete inactivation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 by M15RLs at 6 µg/mL, and of HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 at 25 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Concerning activity against HCoV-OC43, 80% inhibition of cytopathic effect was recorded, while no activity against naked Poliovirus Type 1 (PV-1) was detectable, suggesting that the antiviral action is mainly directed towards the envelope. In conclusion, we report a significant activity of M15RL against enveloped viruses and demonstrated for the first time the antiviral effect of rhamnolipids against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Giugliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Carmine Buonocore
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Pietro Tedesco
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (D.d.P.)
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Targeting Nanomaterials to Head and Neck Cancer Cells Using a Fragment of the Shiga Toxin as a Potent Natural Ligand. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194920. [PMID: 34638405 PMCID: PMC8507991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival from diagnosis of 50%. Currently, HNC is diagnosed by a physical examination followed by an histological biopsy, with surgery being the primary treatment. Here, we propose the use of targeted nanotechnology in support of existing diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent recurrences of tumors with poorly defined or surgically inaccessible margins. We have designed an innocuous ligand-protein, based on the receptor-binding domain of the Shiga toxin (ShTxB), that specifically drives nanoparticles to HNC cells bearing the globotriaosylceramide receptor on their surfaces. Microscopy images show how, upon binding to the receptor, the ShTxB-coated nanoparticles cause the clustering of the globotriaosylceramide receptors, the protrusion of filopodia, and rippling of the membrane, ultimately allowing the penetration of the ShTxB nanoparticles directly into the cell cytoplasm, thus triggering a biomimetic cellular response indistinguishable from that triggered by the full-length Shiga toxin. This functionalization strategy is a clear example of how some toxin fragments can be used as natural biosensors for the detection of some localized cancers and to target nanomedicines to HNC lesions.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Metabolites from Antarctic Fungal Strain Pleosporales sp. SF-7343 in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189674. [PMID: 34575836 PMCID: PMC8468741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the Antarctic fungi Pleosporales sp. SF-7343 revealed four known secondary fungal metabolites: alternate C (1), altenusin (2), alternariol (3), and altenuene (4). The compound structures were identified primarily by NMR and MS analyses. Atopic dermatitis, an inflammatory disease, is driven by the abnormal activation of T helper (Th) 2 cells and barrier dysfunction. We attempted to identify the anti-inflammatory components of SF-7343. Initial screening showed that compounds 1 and 3 inhibited the secretion of interleukin-8 and -6 in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-treated HaCaT cells, and these compounds also showed inhibitory effects on CCL5 and CCL22. Compounds 1 and 3 also downregulated the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and upregulated the expression of filaggrin and involcurin. The mechanism study results showed that compounds 1 and 3 inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Compound 1, but not compound 3, significantly promoted the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The effects of compound 1 were partly reversed by co-treatment with a HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX. Taken together, this study demonstrates the potential value of Antarctic fungal strain SF-7343 isolates as a bioresource for bioactive compounds to prevent skin inflammation.
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Xu H, Ma G, Mu F, Ning B, Li H, Wang N. STAT3 Partly Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Direct Negative Regulation of FST Gene Expression. Front Genet 2021; 12:678667. [PMID: 34239543 PMCID: PMC8259742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a secretory glycoprotein and belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. Previously, we found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of sheep FST gene were significantly associated with wool quality traits in Chinese Merino sheep (Junken type), indicating that FST is involved in the regulation of hair follicle development and hair trait formation. The transcription regulation of human and mouse FST genes has been widely investigated, and many transcription factors have been identified to regulate FST gene. However, to date, the transcriptional regulation of sheep FST is largely unknown. In the present study, genome walking was used to close the genomic gap upstream of the sheep genomic FST gene and to obtain the FST gene promoter sequence. Transcription factor binding site analysis showed sheep FST promoter region contained a conserved putative binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), located at nucleotides -423 to -416 relative to the first nucleotide (A, +1) of the initiation codon (ATG) of sheep FST gene. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that STAT3 inhibited the FST promoter activity and that the mutation of the putative STAT3 binding site attenuated the inhibitory effect of STAT3 on the FST promoter activity. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) exhibited that STAT3 is directly bound to the FST promoter. Cell proliferation assay displayed that FST and STAT3 played opposite roles in cell proliferation. Overexpression of sheep FST significantly promoted the proliferation of sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFs) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and overexpression of sheep STAT3 displayed opposite results, which was accompanied by a significantly reduced expression of FST gene (P < 0.05). Taken together, STAT3 directly negatively regulates sheep FST gene and depresses cell proliferation. Our findings may contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie hair follicle development and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bolin Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252159. [PMID: 34086734 PMCID: PMC8177526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a “danger “signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals. Objective To compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of and cytokine release from HaCaT cells cultured at low or high calcium. Method To model two separate states of differentiation of keratinocytes, HaCaT cells were cultured under low or high calcium conditions. HaCaT were exposed to different concentrations of cobalt chloride (10 μm to 5 mM) over time (30 minutes– 48 hours). Cell viability was measured with the Cell-Titer Blue Viability assay. Cytokine production was measured using a bead-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified using qPCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and linear mixed model. Results Viability of the cells was dose- and time-dependent. A linear mixed statistical model showed that cobalt exposure induces increase in IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production over time and whereas increase of IL-6 and a decrease of CCL2 was associated with increasing cobalt chloride concentrations. When comparing the cells incubated under high and low calcium conditions, the more differentiated cells in the high concentration were found to exert a stronger response in terms of IL-6 release. Conclusions Our data suggest that cobalt chloride triggered an alarm system in HaCaT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When high and low calcium incubations were compared, the difference was seen only for IL-6. These findings indicate that the effect of cobalt chloride on cell toxicity occurs throughout the living epidermis.
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Bakar J, Michael-Jubeli R, Tfaili S, Assi A, Baillet-Guffroy A, Tfayli A. Biomolecular modifications during keratinocyte differentiation: Raman spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques. Analyst 2021; 146:2965-2973. [PMID: 33949413 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From the basal layer until the stratum corneum, lipid and protein biomarkers associated with morphological changes denote keratinocyte differentiation and characterize each epidermis layer. Herein, we followed keratinocyte differentiation in the early stages using HaCaT cells over a period of two weeks by two complementary analytical techniques: Raman microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. A high concentration of calcium in the medium induced HaCaT cell differentiation in vitro. The results from both techniques underlined the keratinocyte passage from the granular layer (day 9) to the stratum corneum layer (day 13). After 13 days of differentiation, we observed a strong increase in the lipid content, decrease in proteins, decrease in DNA, and a decrease in glucosylceramides/ceramides and sphingomyelins/ceramides ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joudi Bakar
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Rime Michael-Jubeli
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sana Tfaili
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Ali Assi
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Arlette Baillet-Guffroy
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Gong L, Petchakup C, Shi P, Tan PL, Tan LP, Tay CY, Hou HW. Direct and Label-Free Cell Status Monitoring of Spheroids and Microcarriers Using Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007500. [PMID: 33759381 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
3D cellular spheroids/microcarriers (100 µm-1 mm) are widely used in biomanufacturing, and non-invasive biosensors are useful to monitor cell quality in bioprocesses. In this work, a novel microfluidic approach for label-free and continuous-flow monitoring of single spheroid/microcarrier (hydrogel and Cytodex) based on electrical impedance spectroscopy using co-planar Field's metal electrodes is reported. Through numerical simulation and experimental validation, two unique impedance signatures (|ZLF | (60 kHz), |ZHF | (1 MHz)) which are optimal for spheroid growth and viability monitoring are identified. Using a closed-loop recirculation system, it is demonstrated that |ZLF | increases with breast cancer (MCF-7) spheroid biomass, while higher opacity (impedance ratio |ZHF |/|ZLF |) indicates cell death due to compromised cell membrane. Anti-cancer drug (paclitaxel)-treated spheroids also exhibit lower |ZLF | with increased cell dissociation. Interestingly, impedance characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on Cytodex microcarriers reveals that adipogenic cells (higher intracellular lipid content) exhibit higher impedance than osteogenic cells (more conductive due to calcium ions) for both microcarriers and single cell level. Taken together, the developed platform offers great versatility for multi-parametric analysis of spheroids/microcarriers at high throughput (≈1 particle/s), and can be readily integrated into bioreactors for long-term and remote monitoring of biomass and cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Pujiang Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Pei Leng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01, CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602
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Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Lee MS. Effects of Hahella chejuensis-Derived Prodigiosin on UV-Induced ROS Production, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Human Skin Keratinocytes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:475-482. [PMID: 33397835 PMCID: PMC9705880 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2011.11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosins, which are natural tripyrrole red pigments and synthetic derivatives, reportedly have multiple biological effects mainly on various types of cancer cells. However, the effects of bacterial prodigiosin on non-cancerous HaCaT human skin keratinocytes have not been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the functional activities of prodigiosin derived from cultures of the bacterium Hahella chejuensis in HaCaT cells. Cell viability, the cell proliferation rate, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro were assayed following treatment of HaCaT cells with prodigiosin. Prodigiosin did not cause cytotoxicity and notably increased proliferation of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, prodigiosin reduced ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced ROS production and the inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. More importantly, prodigiosin reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and increased collagen synthesis in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells, demonstrating that it elicits anti-aging effects. In conclusion, our results reveal that H. chejuensis-derived prodigiosin is a potential natural product to develop functional cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,S.J. Lee Phone: +82-31-670-3356 E-mail:
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors M.S. Lee Phone: +82-42-879-8292 E-mail:
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Luostarinen S, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-An Inflammation-Induced Factor in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073322. [PMID: 33805042 PMCID: PMC8037497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel mainly studied in sensory neurons where it mediates itch, pain and neurogenic inflammation. Recently, some nonneuronal cells have also been shown to express TRPA1 to support inflammatory responses. To address the role of TRPA1 in skin inflammation, we aimed to investigate TRPA1 expression in keratinocytes. HaCaT cells (a model of human keratinocytes) and skin biopses from wild-type and TRPA1 deficient mice were used in the studies. TRPA1 expression in nonstimulated keratinocytes was very low but significantly inducible by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in an nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)-dependent manner. Interestingly, drugs widely used to treat skin inflammation, the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, significantly decreased TRPA1 expression. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of TRPA1 reduced the synthesis of TNF-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in keratinocytes and mouse skin biopsies. In conclusion, these findings point to an inflammatory role for TRPA1 in keratinocytes and present TRPA1 as a potential drug target in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Kitazawa K, Nadanaka S, Kadomatsu K, Kitagawa H. Chondroitin 6-sulfate represses keratinocyte proliferation in mouse skin, which is associated with psoriasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:114. [PMID: 33495490 PMCID: PMC7835381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfates are implicated in epidermal biology, but functional significance of chondroitin sulfates remains unclear. Here, we report that chondroitin 6-sulfate is important for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. Mice deficient in chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6st-1), which is involved in biosynthesis of chondroitin 6-sulfate, exhibited keratinocyte hyperproliferation and impaired skin permeability barrier function. Chondroitin 6-sulfate directly interacted with the EGF receptor and negatively controlled ligand-induced EGF receptor signaling. Normal function of hyperproliferative C6st-1-knockout mouse-derived keratinocytes was rescued by treatment with exogenous chondroitin 6-sulfate. Epidermal hyperplasia, induced using imiquimod, was more severe in C6st-1-knockout mice than in C6st-1 wild-type mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that chondroitin 6-sulfate represses keratinocyte proliferation in normal skin, and that the expression level of C6st-1 may be associated with susceptibility to psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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Rotondo JC, Oton-Gonzalez L, Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, Tognon M, Martini F. Simultaneous Detection and Viral DNA Load Quantification of Different Human Papillomavirus Types in Clinical Specimens by the High Analytical Droplet Digital PCR Method. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591452. [PMID: 33329471 PMCID: PMC7710522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumor viruses that mainly infect mucosal epithelia of anogenital and upper respiratory tracts. There has been progressive demand for more analytical assays for HPV DNA quantification. A novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify HPV DNA from different HPV types. DdPCR was initially tested for assay sensitivity, accuracy, specificity as well as intra- and inter-run assay variation employing four recombinant plasmids containing HPV16, HPV18, HPV11, and HPV45 DNAs. The assay was extended to investigate/quantify HPV DNA in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN, n = 45) specimens and human cell lines (n = 4). DdPCR and qPCR data from clinical samples were compared. The assay showed high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, with low intra-/inter- run variations, in detecting/quantifying HPV16/18/11/45 DNAs. HPV DNA was detected in 51.1% (23/45) CIN DNA samples by ddPCR, whereas 40% (18/45) CIN tested HPV-positive by qPCR. Five CIN, tested positive by ddPCR, were found to be negative by qPCR. In CIN specimens, the mean HPV DNA loads determined by ddPCR were 3.81 copy/cell (range 0.002-51.02 copy/cell), whereas 8.04 copy/cell (range 0.003-78.73 copy/cell) by qPCR. DdPCR and qPCR concordantly detected HPV DNA in SiHa, CaSki and Hela cells, whereas HaCaT tested HPV-negative. The correlation between HPV DNA loads simultaneously detected by ddPCR/qPCR in CINs/cell lines was good (R 2 = 0.9706, p < 0.0001). Our data indicate that ddPCR is a valuable technique in quantifying HPV DNA load in CIN specimens and human cell lines, thereby improving clinical applications, such as patient management after primary diagnosis of HPV-related lesions with HPV-type specific assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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An P, Xing J, Peng A, Zhao X, Chang W, Liang N, Cao Y, Li J, Li J, Hou R, Li X, Zhang K. The regulation of dermal mesenchymal stem cells on keratinocytes apoptosis. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:57-65. [PMID: 32990869 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are progenitor cells with the capacity of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation, which were reported to induce the proliferation of keratinocytes, however the regulation on keratinocytes apoptosis was unknown. In this study, we isolated DMSCs from normal skin and co-cultured with keratinocytes, and then detected apoptosis of keratinocytes by flow cytometry and expression of apoptosis associated proteins by western blot. The mRNA expression profile of normal DMSCs was investigated by RNA sequencing. The results of our study presented that the DMSCs promoted HaCaT cells apoptosis both in early apoptotic state (13.8 vs. 2.9, p < 0.05) and late apoptotic state (4.2 vs. 0.7, p < 0.05). The expression of apoptosis associated proteins caspase-3 (3.51 vs. 1.99, p < 0.05) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (3.10 vs. 0.83, p < 0.05) were upregulated. However, the cell cycle protein cyclin E1 was similar (9.38 vs. 9.05, p > 0.05). Moreover, 33 genes with the function of induced cell apoptosis were highly expressed in DMSCs, including insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (2828.13), IGFBP7 (1805.69), cathepsin D (1694.34), cathepsin B (CTSB, 1641.40) and dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1, 384.79). This study suggested DMSCs induce the apoptosis of keratinocytes through non-G1/S phase blockade via highly expression of apoptosis inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianxiao Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Aihong Peng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Nannan Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 East Third Lane, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China.
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Impact of 970 nm photobiomodulation therapy on wound healing in cellular models of hidradenitis suppurativa. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:691-698. [PMID: 32647934 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Montesinos-Cruz V, Rose J, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Franco R. Survival Mechanisms and Xenobiotic Susceptibility of Keratinocytes Exposed to Metal-Derived Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:536-552. [PMID: 31927885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-derived nanoparticles (Mt-NPs) are increasingly used in cosmetology due to their ultraviolet shielding (titanium dioxide [TiO2]), antioxidant (cerium dioxide [CeO2]), and biocidal (silver [Ag]) properties. In the absence of overt toxicity (i.e., cell death), Mt-NPs are considered safe for cosmetic applications. However, there is little understanding about the mechanisms involved in the survival of keratinocytes exposed to subtoxic levels of Mt-NPs. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed subacutely to subtoxic concentrations (≤30 μg/mL, 48-72 h) of rutile (r) TiO2 (cylindrical), CeO2 (cubic) and Ag (spherical) with a core/hydrodynamic size of <50/<100 nm and >98% purity. Mt-NP uptake was indirectly quantified by changes in the light side scatter, where the kinetics (time/dose-response) suggested that the three types of Mt-NPs were similarly uptaken by keratinocytes. rTiO2 and CeO2, but not Ag-NPs, increased autophagy, whose inhibition prompted cell death. No increase in the steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by exposure to any of the Mt-NPs tested. Interestingly, intracellular Ag-NP aggregates observed an increased far-red autofluorescence (≥740 nm em), which has been ascribed to their binding to thiol molecules such as glutathione (GSH). Accordingly, inhibition of GSH synthesis, but not the impairment of oxidized GSH recycling, sensitized keratinocytes to Ag-NPs suggesting that GSH homeostasis, and its direct scavenging of Ag-NPs, but not ROS, is essential for keratinocyte survival upon exposure to Ag-NP. rTiO2 and Ag, but not CeO2-NPs, compromised metabolic flux (glycolysis and respiration), but ATP levels were unaltered. Finally, we also observed that exposure to Mt-NPs sensitized keratinocytes to non-UV xenobiotic exposure (arsenite and paraquat). Our results demonstrate the differential contribution of autophagy and GSH homeostasis to the survival of human keratinocytes exposed to subtoxic concentrations of Mt-NPs and highlight the increased susceptibility of keratinocytes exposed to Mt-NPs to a second xenobiotic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis 68100 , Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics , Department of Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology , Nicosia 2371 , Cyprus
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Gerencsér G, Szabó I, Szendi K, Hanzel A, Raposa B, Gyöngyi Z, Varga C. Effects of medicinal waters on the UV-sensitivity of human keratinocytes - a comparative pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1417-1423. [PMID: 31372755 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Balneotherapy has been used to treat several diseases including locomotor, neurological and dermatological conditions. The basis of the "organic hypothesis" of medical balneology is that medicinal waters, especially thermal spa and hot spring waters, contain a high variability of organic components with possible biological effects, including UV photo-protection. The recent study aims to clarify this effect in a human keratinocyte cell line model. Results confirm that organic-rich extract of selected medicinal waters might protect skin-derived cells from DNA damage. These results give a clinical relevance to medicinal waters or pharmaceutical products prepared from them in preventing the adverse effects of solar or artificial UV radiation on the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Gerencsér
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Katalin Szendi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Hanzel
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Bence Raposa
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Laboratory Analitics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gyöngyi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
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Sun D, Zhao T, Li X, Zhang Z. Evaluation of DNA and chromosomal damage in two human HaCaT and L02 cells treated with varying triclosan concentrations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:473-482. [PMID: 31106712 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1618758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan has been used in a large number of consumer products and concerns have been raised over regarding potential genotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of triclosan has not been assessed in normal human cells. The aim of this study was to examine the potential genotoxicity using the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test to detect DNA damage and chromosomal breakage attributed to triclosan in human keratinocyte HaCaT and hepatic L02 cells. The concentrations of triclosan selected for the comet assay and MN test were based upon preliminary results from cytotoxicity testing in order to reduce cytotoxic effects. The mutagenicity of triclosan was assessed in Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test). Results of comet assay showed that 5, 7.5 or 10 μM triclosan did not markedly affect olive tail moment (OTM) in HaCaT and L02 cells. In addition, no significant alterations in MN frequency were found in cells treated with triclosan. Further, treatment with 10 μg/plate triclosan produced inhibitory effects in bacterium using Ames test, while 1 and 0.1 μg/plate triclosan did not markedly affect the number of colonies or mutant frequencies of Salmonella strains. Taken together, triclosan did not cause DNA and chromosomal damage in HaCaT and L02 cells and did not induce gene mutations in Salmonella strains under our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Sun
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhe Zhao
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Li
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
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Slivka PF, Hsieh CL, Lipovsky A, Pratt SD, Locklear J, Namovic MT, McDonald HA, Wetter J, Edelmayer R, Hu M, Murphy E, Domanus M, Lu C, Duggan R, King J, Scott VE, Donnelly-Roberts D, Slavin A, Gopalakrishnan S, Chung N, Goedken ER. Small Molecule and Pooled CRISPR Screens Investigating IL17 Signaling Identify BRD2 as a Novel Contributor to Keratinocyte Inflammatory Responses. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:857-872. [PMID: 30938974 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL17A) plays a critical role in the development of numerous autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. The clinical success of IL17A neutralizing biologics in psoriasis has underlined its importance as a drug discovery target. While many studies have focused on the differentiation and trafficking of IL17A producing T-helper 17 cells, less is known about IL17A-initiated signaling events in stromal and parenchymal cells leading to psoriatic phenotypes. We sought to discover signaling nodes downstream of IL17A contributing to disease pathogenesis. Using IL17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) to stimulate primary human epidermal keratinocytes, we employed two different phenotypic screening approaches. First, a library of ∼22000 annotated compounds was screened for reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL8. Second, a library of 729 kinases was screened in a pooled format by utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 and monitoring IL8 intracellular staining. The highest-ranking novel hits identified in both screens were the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins and bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2), respectively. Comparison of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 silencing with siRNA and CRISPR confirmed that BRD2 was responsible for mediating IL8 production. Pan-BRD inhibitors and BRD2 knockout also reduced IL17A/TNF-mediated CXC motif chemokines 1/2/6 (CXCL1/2/6) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production. In RNA-Seq analysis, 438 IL17A/TNF dependent genes were reduced in BRD2-deficient primary keratinocytes. KEGG pathway analysis of these genes showed enrichment in TNF signaling and rheumatoid arthritis relevant genes. Moreover, a number of genes important for keratinocyte homeostasis and cornification were dysregulated in BRD2-deficient keratinocytes. In IL17A/TNF/IL22 stimulated three-dimensional organotypic raft cultures, pan-BRD inhibition reduced inflammatory factor production but elicited aberrant cornification, consistent with RNA-Seq analysis. These studies highlight a novel role for BRDs and BRD2 in particular in IL17A-mediated inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Slivka
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alex Lipovsky
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Steven D. Pratt
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John Locklear
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
- PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Marian T. Namovic
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Heath A. McDonald
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Joseph Wetter
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rebecca Edelmayer
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Min Hu
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erin Murphy
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marc Domanus
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Charles Lu
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jacob King
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Victoria E. Scott
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana Donnelly-Roberts
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anthony Slavin
- Immunology Pharmacology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sujatha Gopalakrishnan
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Namjin Chung
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric R. Goedken
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Klicks J, Maßlo C, Kluth A, Rudolf R, Hafner M. A novel spheroid-based co-culture model mimics loss of keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma cell invasion, and drug-induced selection of ABCB5-expressing cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:402. [PMID: 31035967 PMCID: PMC6489189 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different 3D-cell culture approaches with varying degrees of complexity have been developed to serve as melanoma models for drug testing or mechanistic studies. While these 3D-culture initiatives are already often superior to classical 2D approaches, they are either composed of only melanoma cells or they are so complex that the behavior of individual cell types is hard to understand, and often they are difficult to establish and expensive. Methods This study used low-attachment based generation of spheroids composed of up to three cell types. Characterization of cells and spheroids involved cryosectioning, immunofluorescence, FACS, and quantitative analyses. Statistical evaluation used one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test or Student’s t-test. Results The tri-culture model allowed to track cellular behavior in a cell-type specific manner and recapitulated different characteristics of early melanoma stages. Cells arranged into a collagen-IV rich fibroblast core, a ring of keratinocytes, and groups of highly proliferating melanoma cells on the outside. Regularly, some melanoma cells were also found to invade the fibroblast core. In the absence of melanoma cells, the keratinocyte ring stratified into central basal-like and peripheral, more differentiated cells. Conversely, keratinocyte differentiation was clearly reduced upon addition of melanoma cells. Treatment with the cytostatic drug, docetaxel, restored keratinocyte differentiation and induced apoptosis of external melanoma cells. Remaining intact external melanoma cells showed a significantly increased amount of ABCB5-immunoreactivity. Conclusions In the present work, a novel, simple spheroid-based melanoma tri-culture model composed of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanoma cells was described. This model mimicked features observed in early melanoma stages, including loss of keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma cell invasion, and drug-induced increase of ABCB5 expression in external melanoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5606-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klicks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Maßlo
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Lewis JD, Caldara AL, Zimmer SE, Stahley SN, Seybold A, Strong NL, Frangakis AS, Levental I, Wahl JK, Mattheyses AL, Sasaki T, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Matsubara Y, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Amagai M, Kubo A, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome is a mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1390-1405. [PMID: 30943110 PMCID: PMC6724694 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmogleins (Dsgs) are cadherin family adhesion molecules essential for epidermal integrity. Previous studies have shown that desmogleins associate with lipid rafts, but the significance of this association was not clear. Here, we report that the desmoglein transmembrane domain (TMD) is the primary determinant of raft association. Further, we identify a novel mutation in the DSG1 TMD (G562R) that causes severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting syndrome. Molecular modeling predicts that this G-to-R mutation shortens the DSG1 TMD, and experiments directly demonstrate that this mutation compromises both lipid raft association and desmosome incorporation. Finally, cryo-electron tomography indicates that the lipid bilayer within the desmosome is ∼10% thicker than adjacent regions of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that differences in bilayer thickness influence the organization of adhesion molecules within the epithelial plasma membrane, with cadherin TMDs recruited to the desmosome via the establishment of a specialized mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Stephanie E Zimmer
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anna Seybold
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole L Strong
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Achilleas S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Kenichiro Hata
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Shi S, Cho H, Sun Q, He Y, Ma G, Kim Y, Kim B, Kim O. Acanthopanacis Cortex extract: A novel photosensitizer for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:142-149. [PMID: 30836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a novel photosensitizer from traditional plant extracts and to investigate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect and mechanism of action of the novel photosensitizer on KB and Hep-2 cells. METHODS Fluorescence emission, cell viability, and intracellular distribution of candidates were analyzed to screen potential photosensitizers from traditional plant extracts. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and western blotting were performed to explore the mechanism of cell death in KB and Hep-2 cells. RESULT Of 289 traditional plant extracts, 13 plant extracts with strong fluorescence were initially screened by fluorescence emission analysis. The cell viability assay and intracellular distribution of candidates showed that Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) extract is a potential photosensitizer. Under optimal PDT conditions, high levels of ROS were produced in KB and Hep-2 cells, followed by cell death. However, there was no significant damage to HaCaT cells. Moreover, apoptosis induced by AC extract with 625 nm irradiation (IR) down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulated the expression of Bax protein, as well as that of cleaved PARP-1 protein in both KB and Hep-2 cells. CONCLUSION The fluorescence intensity of AC extract at 420 nm is similar to that of the commercial Hematoporphyrin (HP). AC extract with 625 nm IR could enhance the PDT effect, induce ROS generation, and trigger apoptotic pathways in KB and Hep-2 cells. Therefore, we suggest that AC is a potential novel photosensitizer for PDT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hyejoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiaochu Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuzhu He
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicines, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61189, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Raawi D, Jones R, Wijesinghe S, Halsall J, Petric M, Roberts S, Hotchin NA, Kanhere A. A novel form of JARID2 is required for differentiation in lineage-committed cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798449. [PMID: 30573669 PMCID: PMC6356158 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex‐2 (PRC2) is a group of proteins that play an important role during development and in cell differentiation. PRC2 is a histone‐modifying complex that catalyses methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) at differentiation genes leading to their transcriptional repression. JARID2 is a co‐factor of PRC2 and is important for targeting PRC2 to chromatin. Here, we show that, unlike in embryonic stem cells, in lineage‐committed human cells, including human epidermal keratinocytes, JARID2 predominantly exists as a novel low molecular weight form, which lacks the N‐terminal PRC2‐interacting domain (ΔN‐JARID2). We show that ΔN‐JARID2 is a cleaved product of full‐length JARID2 spanning the C‐terminal conserved jumonji domains. JARID2 knockout in keratinocytes results in up‐regulation of cell cycle genes and repression of many epidermal differentiation genes. Surprisingly, repression of epidermal differentiation genes in JARID2‐null keratinocytes can be rescued by expression of ΔN‐JARID2 suggesting that, in contrast to PRC2, ΔN‐JARID2 promotes activation of differentiation genes. We propose that a switch from expression of full‐length JARID2 to ΔN‐JARID2 is important for the up‐regulation differentiation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Al-Raawi
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rhian Jones
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - John Halsall
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marija Petric
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil A Hotchin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Choudhury P, Kumar S, Singh A, Kumar A, Kaur N, Sanyasi S, Chawla S, Goswami C, Goswami L. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxy methyl tamarind (CMT-g-HEMA) polysaccharide based matrix as a suitable scaffold for skin tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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49
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Rudraiah S, Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ. TNIP1 reduction sensitizes keratinocytes to post-receptor signalling following exposure to TLR agonists. Cell Signal 2018; 45:81-92. [PMID: 29413846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell level inflammatory signalling is a combination of initiation at cell membrane receptors and modulation by cytoplasmic regulatory proteins. For keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, this would include toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytoplasmic proteins that propagate or dampen post-receptor signalling. We previously reported that increased levels of tumor necrosis factor α induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) in HaCaT keratinocytes leads to decreased expression of stress response and inflammation-associated genes. This finding suggested decreased TNIP1 levels, as seen in some cutaneous disease states, may produce the opposite effect, sensitizing cells to triggers of inflammatory signalling including those sensed by TLR. In this study of TNIP1-deficient HaCaT keratinocytes we examined intracellular signalling consequences especially those expected to produce gene expression changes downstream of TLR3 or TLR2/6 activation by Poly (I:C) or FSL-1, agonists modeling skin relevant pathogens. We found TNIP1-deficient keratinocytes are hyper-sensitive to TLR activation compared to control cells with a normal complement of TNIP1 and receiving the same agonist stimulation. TNIP1-deficient keratinocytes have increased levels of activated (phosphorylated) cytoplasmic mediators such as JNK and p38 and greater nuclear translocation of NF-κB and phospho-p38 when exposed to TLR ligands. This is consistent with significantly increased expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8. These results describe how decreased TNIP1 levels promote a hyper-sensitive state in HaCaT keratinocytes evidenced by increased activation of signalling molecules downstream of TLR agonists and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. TNIP1 keratinocyte deficiency as reported for some skin diseases may predispose these cells to excessive inflammatory signalling upon exposure to viral or bacterial ligands for TLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA.
| | - Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.
| | - Brian J Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.
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Lin KT, Chang TC, Lai FY, Lin CS, Chao HL, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata Attenuates γ-Ray Induced Cellular Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:175-190. [PMID: 29298516 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin injury is a major complication during radiation therapy and is associated with oxidative damage to skin cells. An effective and safe radioprotectant to prevent this skin damage is still unavailable. The Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) has been reported to be a free radical scavenger and a potent anti-oxidant in both in vitro and in vivo models. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RCE on ionizing radiation-induced skin injury and its underlying mechanisms. HaCaT cells - a non-cancerous skin cell line together with HepG2, Caco2, A549, and OECM cancer cell lines - were pre-treated with RCE for 24[Formula: see text]h followed by exposure to 15 Gy using Caesium-137 as a γ-ray source. The cell viability was measured. In HaCaT cells, oxidative stress markers, cellular apoptosis pathways, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression were studied. We found that RCE significantly protected HaCaT cells, but not cancer cells from the loss of viability induced by exposure to ionizing radiation. RCE attenuated radiation-induced oxidative stress markers, cell apoptosis, MMP levels, and expression of cytokine genes. RCE also limited the induction of p53 and p21 by radiation exposure. These findings indicate that RCE may selectively protect the skin cells from ionizing radiation without altering its ability to kill cancer cells. Therefore, we suggest that RCE or its derivatives could serve as a novel radioprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Tze Lin
- * Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- ‡ Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Lai
- § Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- † Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lung Chao
- † Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- * Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,§ Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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