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Adeleye SA, Yadavalli SS. Queuosine biosynthetic enzyme, QueE moonlights as a cell division regulator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.565030. [PMID: 37961685 PMCID: PMC10635034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.565030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In many organisms, stress responses to adverse environments can trigger secondary functions of certain proteins by altering protein levels, localization, activity, or interaction partners. Escherichia coli cells respond to the presence of specific cationic antimicrobial peptides by strongly activating the PhoQ/PhoP two-component signaling system, which regulates genes important for growth under this stress. As part of this pathway, a biosynthetic enzyme called QueE, which catalyzes a step in the formation of queuosine (Q) tRNA modification is upregulated. When cellular QueE levels are high, it co-localizes with the central cell division protein FtsZ at the septal site, blocking division and resulting in filamentous growth. Here we show that QueE affects cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis of amino acids in the catalytic active site, we pinpoint particular residues in QueE that contribute distinctly to each of its functions - Q biosynthesis or regulation of cell division, establishing QueE as a moonlighting protein. We further show that QueE orthologs from enterobacteria like Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae also cause filamentation in these organisms, but the more distant counterparts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis lack this ability. By comparative analysis of E. coli QueE with distant orthologs, we elucidate a unique region in this protein that is responsible for QueEs secondary function as a cell division regulator. A dual-function protein like QueE is an exception to the conventional model of one gene, one enzyme, one function, which has divergent roles across a range of fundamental cellular processes including RNA modification and translation to cell division and stress response.
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George JL, Agbavor C, Cabo LF, Cahoon LA. Streptococcus pneumoniae secretion chaperones PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA are required for competence, antibiotic resistance, colonization, and invasive disease. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0049023. [PMID: 38226817 PMCID: PMC10863415 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00490-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium and a significant health threat with the populations most at risk being children, the elderly, and the immuno-compromised. To colonize and transition into an invasive infectious organism, S. pneumoniae secretes virulence factors that are translocated across the bacterial membrane and destined for surface exposure, attachment to the cell wall, or secretion into the host. The surface exposed protein chaperones PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA facilitate S. pneumoniae protein secretion; however, the distinct roles contributed by each of these secretion chaperones have not been well defined. Tandem Mass-Tagged Mass Spectrometry and virulence, adhesion, competence, and cell wall integrity assays were used to interrogate the individual and collective contributions of PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA to multiple aspects of S. pneumoniae physiology and virulence. PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA were found to play critical roles in S. pneumoniae host cell infection and competence, and the absence of each of these secretion chaperones significantly altered the S. pneumoniae secretome in distinct ways. PrsA and SlrA were additionally found to contribute to cell wall assembly and resistance to cell wall-active antimicrobials and were important for enabling S. pneumoniae host cell adhesion during colonization and invasive infection. These findings serve to further illustrate the pivotal contributions of PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA to S. pneumoniae protein secretion and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada L. George
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles Agbavor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leah F. Cabo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laty A. Cahoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Qin H, Anderson D, Zou Z, Higashi D, Borland C, Kreth J, Merritt J. Mass spectrometry and split luciferase complementation assays reveal the MecA protein interactome of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0369123. [PMID: 38230956 PMCID: PMC10845952 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03691-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
MecA is a highly conserved adaptor protein encoded by prokaryotes from the Bacillota phylum. MecA mutants exhibit similar pleiotropic defects in a variety of organisms, although most of these phenotypes currently lack a mechanistic basis. MecA mediates ClpCP-dependent proteolysis of its substrates, but only several such substrates have been reported in the literature and there are suggestions that proteolysis-independent regulatory mechanisms may also exist. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the MecA interactome and further assess its regulatory role in Clp-dependent proteolysis. Untargeted coimmunoprecipitation assays coupled with mass spectrometry revealed that the MecA ortholog from the oral pathobiont Streptococcus mutans likely serves as a major protein interaction network hub by potentially complexing with >100 distinct protein substrates, most of which function in highly conserved metabolic pathways. The interactome results were independently verified using a newly developed prokaryotic split luciferase complementation assay (SLCA) to detect MecA protein-protein interactions in vivo. In addition, we further develop a new application of SLCA to support in vivo measurements of MecA relative protein binding affinities. SLCA results were independently verified using targeted coimmunoprecipitation assays, suggesting the general utility of this approach for prokaryotic protein-protein interaction studies. Our results indicate that MecA indeed regulates its interactome through both Clp-dependent proteolysis as well as through an as-yet undefined proteolysis-independent mechanism that may affect more than half of its protein interactome. This suggests a significant aspect of the MecA regulatory function still has yet to be discovered.IMPORTANCEDespite multiple decades of study, the regulatory mechanism and function of MecA have remained largely a mystery. The current study provides the first detailed roadmap to investigate these functions in other medically significant bacteria. Furthermore, this study developed new genetic approaches to assay prokaryotic protein-protein interactions via the split luciferase complementation assay (SLCA). SLCA technology is commonly employed in eukaryotic genetic research but has not yet been established for studies of bacterial protein-protein interactions. The SLCA protein binding affinity assay described here is a new technological advance exclusive to the current study and has not been reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhengzhong Zou
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dustin Higashi
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Christina Borland
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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4
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Gulati S, Mattsson AH, Schussek S, Zheng B, DeOliveira RB, Shaughnessy J, Lewis LA, Rice PA, Comstedt P, Ram S. Preclinical efficacy of a cell division protein candidate gonococcal vaccine identified by artificial intelligence. mBio 2023; 14:e0250023. [PMID: 37905891 PMCID: PMC10746169 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02500-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to combat the global threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We screened 26 gonococcal proteins discovered by an artificial intelligence-driven platform called Efficacy Discriminative Educated Network (EDEN) trained to identify novel, protective vaccine antigens against pathogenic bacteria for efficacy in the mouse vaginal colonization model of gonorrhea. Combinations of two to three antigens adjuvanted with GLA-SE (induces TH1 responses) yielded 11 groups that were used to vaccinate mice. An inverse correlation was noted between the complement-dependent bactericidal activity of antisera from each of the 11 groups and the burden of gonococcal colonization. The combination of NGO1549 (FtsN; cell divisome protein) and NGO0265 (predicted cell division protein) most substantially reduced the burden of colonization by MDR strain WHO X. The EDEN prediction score for each group of antigens correlated positively with reductions in overall bacterial burden, providing evidence for its predictive potential. FtsN and NGO0265 administered either individually, in combination, or as a chimeric protein significantly attenuated gonococcal vaginal colonization by all three test strains. IgG in antisera from mice immunized with the chimeric NGO0265-FtsN protein supported the complement-dependent killing of all 50 (100%) gonococcal isolates tested. The efficacy of the chimeric NGO0265-FtsN vaccine required the membrane attack complex (C5b-9) of complement, evidenced by loss of efficacy in complement C9-/- mice. In conclusion, a chimeric molecule comprising NGO0265 and FtsN adjuvanted with GLA-SE elicits IgG with broad anti-gonococcal bactericidal activity, attenuates gonococcal colonization in a complement-dependent manner, and represents a promising gonococcal vaccine candidate.IMPORTANCEVaccines to curb the global spread of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea are urgently needed. Here, 26 vaccine candidates identified by an artificial intelligence-driven platform (Efficacy Discriminative Educated Network[EDEN]) were screened for efficacy in the mouse vaginal colonization model. Complement-dependent bactericidal activity of antisera and the EDEN protective scores both correlated positively with the reduction in overall bacterial colonization burden. NGO1549 (FtsN) and NGO0265, both involved in cell division, displayed the best activity and were selected for further development. Both antigens, when fused to create a chimeric protein, elicited bactericidal antibodies against a wide array of gonococcal isolates and significantly attenuated the duration and burden of gonococcal colonization of mouse vaginas. Protection was abrogated in mice that lacked complement C9, the last step in the formation of the membrane attack complex pore, suggesting complement-dependent bactericidal activity as a mechanistic correlate of protection of the vaccine. FtsN and NGO0265 represent promising vaccine candidates against gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gulati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosane B. DeOliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa A. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A. Rice
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Yeom J, Ma S, Yim DJ, Lim YH. Surface proteins of Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by lipocalin-2 upregulation and lipocalin-2-mediated NFATc1 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15644. [PMID: 37730858 PMCID: PMC10511438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts degrade bone and osteoclast differentiation has been implicated in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. The dairy bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2) isolated from raw milk inhibits osteoclast differentiation and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the surface proteins of MJ2 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and explain the underlying mechanism. The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used to study the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. The surface proteins significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in a protein concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the expression of genes and proteins related to osteoclast differentiation. RNA microarray analysis showed that the surface proteins significantly upregulated lipocalin-2 (lcn2) expression. In addition, they downregulated c-fos and NFATc1 and inhibited the expression of NFATc1-downstream genes Atp6v0d2, Calcr, and Ctsk. siRNA silencing of lcn2 decreased the extent of surface protein inhibition on osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that lcn2 plays an important role in the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, surface proteins of MJ2 show inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by upregulating lcn2 expression, in turn downregulating NFATc1, leading to the inhibition of NFATc1-downstream osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Yeom
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ma
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Yim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Gioia G, Severgnini M, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Freeman J, Sipka A, Santisteban C, Wieland M, Gallardo VA, Scott JG, Moroni P, Addis MF. Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0301022. [PMID: 37199649 PMCID: PMC10269790 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03010-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma mastitis can be highly contagious, unresponsive to treatment, and cause severe economic problems in affected herds. Notable routes of Mycoplasma spp. transmissions are contaminated milking equipment and animal contact through respiratory secretions. Only a few studies report the environment as a possible source of infection. Our group studied the presence of pathogens in houseflies (Musca domestica) in a New York State dairy in the United States. Among others, a Mycoplasma spp. was found in the gut of a housefly captured in the sick pen and identified as M. arginini. Here, we characterized its genome and investigated its relatedness with eight isolates from milk, one isolate from lung tissue collected in the same dairy, and five other dairies in New York State. We applied whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 76 conserved proteins. We also assessed an in silico virulence profile by considering a panel of 94 putative virulence genes. As a result of the genome analysis, the housefly M. arginini isolate was highly similar to the milk isolates; interestingly, the similarity was highest with M. arginini isolated from milk on the same dairy farm where the housefly was captured. The housefly and milk M. arginini isolates possessed 54 of the 94 pathogenicity genes considered. Our data support the hypothesis that houseflies are carriers of Mycoplasma spp. and can be considered within the possible roots of environmental transmission of infection in dairy cows. Nevertheless, M. arginini pathogenicity will need to be investigated with dedicated studies. IMPORTANCE It is critical to control the spread of bovine mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp., as this disease can be highly contagious and have a severe economic impact on affected dairies. A better understanding of possible transmission routes is crucial for infection control and prevention. Based on our data, the composite milk isolates are genetically similar to the housefly isolate. This provides evidence that the same Mycoplasma species found in milk and associated with mastitis can also be isolated from houseflies captured in the dairy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gioia
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M. Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - B. Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - J. Freeman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A. Sipka
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - C. Santisteban
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M. Wieland
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - V. Alanis Gallardo
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - P. Moroni
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - M. F. Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Moonlighting enzymes: when cellular context defines specificity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:130. [PMID: 37093283 PMCID: PMC11073002 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
It is not often realized that the absolute protein specificity is an exception rather than a rule. Two major kinds of protein multi-specificities are promiscuity and moonlighting. This review discusses the idea of enzyme specificity and then focusses on moonlighting. Some important examples of protein moonlighting, such as crystallins, ceruloplasmin, metallothioniens, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. How protein plasticity and intrinsic disorder enable the removing the distinction between enzymes and other biologically active proteins are outlined. Finally, information on important roles of moonlighting in human diseases is updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
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8
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Zha F, Pang R, Huang S, Zhang J, Wang J, Chen M, Xue L, Ye Q, Wu S, Yang M, Gu Q, Ding Y, Wu Q, Zhang H. Proteomic analysis reveals the non-coding small RNA Qrr5 influences autoaggregation and growth competition in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104866. [PMID: 36918054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a sea-born bacterial pathogen, is a primary inducement of food-borne gastroenteritis. Previous studies have shown that non-coding small RNA plays a vital role in the regulation of multiple biological processes in pathogenic bacteria, especially autoaggregation and growth competition. However, the inherent mechanisms have not yet to be fully understood. As important regulators in Vibrios, the involvement of Qrr sRNAs in V. parahaemolyticus is largely unknown. Here, we carried out the Qrr5 deletion mutant and utilized a proteomic method to describe global proteomic alterations in response to Qrr5 deletion. A total of 297 significantly expressed proteins were determined between the Qrr5 deletion mutant and wild-type strain, among which 137 proteins were upregulated and 160 proteins were downregulated. The upregulated proteins principally participated in membrane transporters and signal transcription, while the downregulated proteins participated in the two-component system and transcription factor binding. Notably, transcriptional regulator LysR, outer membrane protein OmpA, and conjugal transfer protein TraA-related proteins were upregulated, causing the promotion of autoaggregation ability and growth competition ability against E. coli. This study provides insights into the regulatory network of sRNA in this bacterium, which will facilitate further explorations of important biological processes in pathogenic bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE: sRNA Qrr5 is an important regulator involved in bacterial multiple physiological processes, including auto-aggregation and growth competition among food-borne pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Here, utilizing a TMT-labeling proteomic approach, we identified 137 proteins were upregulated and 160 proteins were downregulated between the Qrr5 deletion mutant and wild-type strain. The upregulated proteins were involved in membrane transporters and signal transcription, while downregulated proteins were involved in the two-component system and transcription factor binding. Moreover, the LysR, OmpA, and TraA proteins were significantly upregulated, causing the promotion of autoaggregation and commensal growth competition ability. The mechanism of how Qrr5 regulates the targeted genes remains unclarified and need great efforts to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Y, Wang J, Liu B, Yu Y, Yuan T, Wei Y, Gan Y, Shao J, Shao G, Feng Z, Tu Z, Xiong Q. DnaK Functions as a Moonlighting Protein on the Surface of Mycoplasma hyorhinis Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842058. [PMID: 35308339 PMCID: PMC8927758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a common pathogen of swine and is also associated with various human tumors. It causes systemic inflammation, typically polyserositis and polyarthritis, in some infected pigs. However, the pathogenic mechanism of M. hyorhinis remains unclear. DnaK is a highly conserved protein belonging to the heat-shock protein 70 family of molecular chaperones, which plays important roles as a moonlighting protein in various bacteria. In the present study, we identified the surface exposure of M. hyorhinis DnaK. Two virulent strains expressed more DnaK on their surface than the avirulent strain. Thereafter, the potential moonlighting functions of DnaK were investigated. Recombinant M. hyorhinis DnaK (rMhr-DnaK) was found to be able to adhere to swine PK-15 cells and human NCI-H292 cells. It also bound to four extracellular matrix components-fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and vitronectin-in a dose-dependent manner. ELISA demonstrated an interaction between rMhr-DnaK and plasminogen, which was significantly inhibited by a lysine analog, ε-aminocaproic acid. rMhr-DnaK-bound plasminogen was activated by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and the addition of rMhr-DnaK significantly enhanced the activation. Finally, a DnaK-specific antibody was detected in the serum of pigs immunized with inactivated vaccines, which indicated good immunogenicity of it. In summary, our findings imply that DnaK is an important multifunctional moonlighting protein in M. hyorhinis and likely participates extensively in the infection and pathogenesis processes of M. hyorhinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yuan Gan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zhou H, Beltrán JF, Brito IL. Host-microbiome protein-protein interactions capture disease-relevant pathways. Genome Biol 2022; 23:72. [PMID: 35246229 PMCID: PMC8895870 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Host-microbe interactions are crucial for normal physiological and immune system development and are implicated in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite large-scale case-control studies aimed at identifying microbial taxa or genes involved in pathogeneses, the mechanisms linking them to disease have thus far remained elusive. Results To identify potential pathways through which human-associated bacteria impact host health, we leverage publicly-available interspecies protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to find clusters of microbiome-derived proteins with high sequence identity to known human-protein interactors. We observe differential targeting of putative human-interacting bacterial genes in nine independent metagenomic studies, finding evidence that the microbiome broadly targets human proteins involved in immune, oncogenic, apoptotic, and endocrine signaling pathways in relation to IBD, CRC, obesity, and T2D diagnoses. Conclusions This host-centric analysis provides a mechanistic hypothesis-generating platform and extensively adds human functional annotation to commensal bacterial proteins. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02643-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Juan Felipe Beltrán
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ilana Lauren Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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11
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Marques da Silva W, Seyffert N, Silva A, Azevedo V. A journey through the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis proteome promotes insights into its functional genome. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12456. [PMID: 35036114 PMCID: PMC8710256 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of illnesses like caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, mastitis in dairy cattle, ulcerative lymphangitis in equines, and oedematous skin disease in buffalos. With the growing advance in high-throughput technologies, genomic studies have been carried out to explore the molecular basis of its virulence and pathogenicity. However, data large-scale functional genomics studies are necessary to complement genomics data and better understating the molecular basis of a given organism. Here we summarize, MS-based proteomics techniques and bioinformatics tools incorporated in genomic functional studies of C. pseudotuberculosis to discover the different patterns of protein modulation under distinct environmental conditions, and antigenic and drugs targets. Methodology In this study we performed an extensive search in Web of Science of original and relevant articles related to methods, strategy, technology, approaches, and bioinformatics tools focused on the functional study of the genome of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. Results Here, we highlight the use of proteomics for understating several aspects of the physiology and pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. The implementation and use of protocols, strategies, and proteomics approach to characterize the different subcellular fractions of the proteome of this pathogen. In addition, we have discussed the immunoproteomics, immunoinformatics and genetic tools employed to identify targets for immunoassays, drugs, and vaccines against C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Conclusion In this review, we showed that the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics studies is a suitable strategy to elucidate the functional aspects of the C. pseudotuberculosis genome. Together, all information generated from these proteomics studies allowed expanding our knowledge about factors related to the pathophysiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology-(INTA/CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Schramm F, Borst A, Linne U, Soppa J. Elucidation of the Translation Initiation Factor Interaction Network of Haloferax volcanii Reveals Coupling of Transcription and Translation in Haloarchaea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742806. [PMID: 34764944 PMCID: PMC8576121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation is an important step in gene expression. Initiation of translation is rate-limiting, and it is phylogenetically more diverse than elongation or termination. Bacteria contain only three initiation factors. In stark contrast, eukaryotes contain more than 10 (subunits of) initiation factors (eIFs). The genomes of archaea contain many genes that are annotated to encode archaeal homologs of eukaryotic initiation factors (aIFs). However, experimental characterization of aIFs is scarce and mostly restricted to very few species. To broaden the view, the protein-protein interaction network of aIFs in the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii has been characterized. To this end, tagged versions of 14 aIFs were overproduced, affinity isolated, and the co-isolated binding partners were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS analyses. The aIF-aIF interaction network was resolved, and it was found to contain two interaction hubs, (1) the universally conserved factor aIF5B, and (2) a protein that has been annotated as the enzyme ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase, which we propose to rename to aIF2Bα. Affinity isolation of aIFs also led to the co-isolation of many ribosomal proteins, but also transcription factors and subunits of the RNA polymerase (Rpo). To analyze a possible coupling of transcription and translation, seven tagged Rpo subunits were overproduced, affinity isolated, and co-isolated proteins were identified. The Rpo interaction network contained many transcription factors, but also many ribosomal proteins as well as the initiation factors aIF5B and aIF2Bα. These results showed that transcription and translation are coupled in haloarchaea, like in Escherichia coli. It seems that aIF5B and aIF2Bα are not only interaction hubs in the translation initiation network, but also key players in the transcription-translation coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Borst
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, Phillipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Soppa
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Massier S, Robin B, Mégroz M, Wright A, Harper M, Hayes B, Cosette P, Broutin I, Boyce JD, Dé E, Hardouin J. Phosphorylation of Extracellular Proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii in Sessile Mode of Growth. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738780. [PMID: 34659171 PMCID: PMC8517400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a problematic nosocomial pathogen owing to its increasing resistance to antibiotics and its great ability to survive in the hospital environment, which is linked to its capacity to form biofilms. Structural and functional investigations of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylations, may lead to identification of candidates for therapeutic targets against this pathogen. Here, we present the first S/T/Y phosphosecretome of two A. baumannii strains, the reference strain ATCC 17978 and the virulent multi-drug resistant strain AB0057, cultured in two modes of growth (planktonic and biofilm) using TiO2 chromatography followed by high resolution mass spectrometry. In ATCC 17978, we detected a total of 137 (97 phosphoproteins) and 52 (33 phosphoproteins) phosphosites in biofilm and planktonic modes of growth, respectively. Similarly, in AB0057, 155 (119 phosphoproteins) and 102 (74 phosphoproteins) phosphosites in biofilm and planktonic modes of growth were identified, respectively. Both strains in the biofilm mode of growth showed a higher number of phosphosites and phosphoproteins compared to planktonic growth. Several phosphorylated sites are localized in key regions of proteins involved in either drug resistance (β-lactamases), adhesion to host tissues (pilins), or protein secretion (Hcp). Site-directed mutagenesis of the Hcp protein, essential for type VI secretion system-mediated interbacterial competition, showed that four of the modified residues are essential for type VI secretion system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Massier
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Brandon Robin
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Marianne Mégroz
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Wright
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke Hayes
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | - John D. Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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14
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Recombinant protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis: pathways, applications, and innovation potential. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:187-195. [PMID: 33955475 PMCID: PMC8314018 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Secreted recombinant proteins are of great significance for industry, healthcare and a sustainable bio-based economy. Consequently, there is an ever-increasing need for efficient production platforms to deliver such proteins in high amounts and high quality. Gram-positive bacteria, particularly bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis, are favored for the production of secreted industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, recombinant protein production in the B. subtilis cell factory can be very challenging due to bottlenecks in the general (Sec) secretion pathway as well as this bacterium’s intrinsic capability to secrete a cocktail of highly potent proteases. This has placed another Gram-positive bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, in the focus of attention as an alternative, non-proteolytic, cell factory for secreted proteins. Here we review our current understanding of the secretion pathways exploited in B. subtilis and L. lactis to deliver proteins from their site of synthesis, the cytoplasm, into the fermentation broth. An advantage of this cell factory comparison is that it identifies opportunities for protein secretion pathway engineering to remove or bypass current production bottlenecks. Noteworthy new developments in cell factory engineering are the mini-Bacillus concept, highlighting potential advantages of massive genome minimization, and the application of thus far untapped ‘non-classical’ protein secretion routes. Altogether, it is foreseen that engineered lactococci will find future applications in the production of high-quality proteins at the relatively small pilot scale, while engineered bacilli will remain a favored choice for protein production in bulk.
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15
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Reigada I, San-Martin-Galindo P, Gilbert-Girard S, Chiaro J, Cerullo V, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Fallarero A, Miettinen I. Surfaceome and Exoproteome Dynamics in Dual-Species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:672975. [PMID: 34248881 PMCID: PMC8267900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.672975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are an important underlying cause for chronic infections. By switching into the biofilm state, bacteria can evade host defenses and withstand antibiotic chemotherapy. Despite the fact that biofilms at clinical and environmental settings are mostly composed of multiple microbial species, biofilm research has largely been focused on single-species biofilms. In this study, we investigated the interaction between two clinically relevant bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by label-free quantitative proteomics focusing on proteins associated with the bacterial cell surfaces (surfaceome) and proteins exported/released to the extracellular space (exoproteome). The changes observed in the surfaceome and exoproteome of P. aeruginosa pointed toward higher motility and lower pigment production when co-cultured with S. aureus. In S. aureus, lower abundances of proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, suggesting increased persistence, were observed in the dual-species biofilm. Complementary phenotypic analyses confirmed the higher motility and the lower pigment production in P. aeruginosa when co-cultured with S. aureus. Higher antimicrobial tolerance associated with the co-culture setting was additionally observed in both species. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first systematic explorations providing insights into the dynamics of both the surfaceome and exoproteome of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa dual-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reigada
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paola San-Martin-Galindo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shella Gilbert-Girard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacopo Chiaro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miettinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Wang J, Li Y, Pan L, Li J, Yu Y, Liu B, Zubair M, Wei Y, Pillay B, Olaniran AO, Chiliza TE, Shao G, Feng Z, Xiong Q. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) moonlights as an adhesin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis adhesion to epithelial cells as well as a plasminogen receptor mediating extracellular matrix degradation. Vet Res 2021; 52:80. [PMID: 34082810 PMCID: PMC8173509 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis infects pigs causing polyserositis and polyarthritis, and has also been reported in a variety of human tumor tissues. The occurrence of disease is often linked with the systemic invasion of the pathogen. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, was reported as a surface multifunctional molecule in several bacteria. Here, we investigated whether GAPDH could manifest binary functions; as an adhesin to promote colonization as well as a plasminogen receptor functioning in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation to promote systemic invasion. The surface localization of GAPDH was observed in M. hyorhinis with flow cytometry and colony blot analysis. Recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) was found to be able to bind porcine-derived PK-15 and human-derived NCI-H292 cells. The incubation with anti-GAPDH antibody significantly decreased the adherence of M. hyorhinis to both cell lines. To investigate its function in recruiting plasminogen, firstly, the interaction between rGAPDH and plasminogen was demonstrated by ELISA and Far-Western blot assay. The activation of the rGAPDH-bound plasminogen into plasmin was proved by using a chromogenic substrate, and furtherly confirmed to degrade extracellular matrix by using a reconstituted ECM. Finally, the ability of rGAPDH to bind different ECM components was demonstrated, including fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV and vitronectin. Collectively, our data imply GAPDH as an important adhesion factor of M. hyrohinis and a receptor for hijacking host plasminogen to degrade ECM. The multifunction of GAPDH to bind both plasminogen and ECM components is believed to increase the targeting of proteolysis and facilitate the dissemination of M. hyorhinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Longji Pan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bala Pillay
- College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Thamsanqa E Chiliza
- College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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17
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Zur: Zinc-Sensing Transcriptional Regulator in a Diverse Set of Bacterial Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030344. [PMID: 33804265 PMCID: PMC8000910 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is the quintessential d block metal, needed for survival in all living organisms. While Zn is an essential element, its excess is deleterious, therefore, maintenance of its intracellular concentrations is needed for survival. The living organisms, during the course of evolution, developed proteins that can track the limitation or excess of necessary metal ions, thus providing survival benefits under variable environmental conditions. Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) is a regulatory transcriptional factor of the FUR superfamily of proteins, abundant among the bacterial species and known for its intracellular Zn sensing ability. In this study, we highlight the roles played by Zur in maintaining the Zn levels in various bacterial species as well as the fact that in recent years Zur has emerged not only as a Zn homeostatic regulator but also as a protein involved directly or indirectly in virulence of some pathogens. This functional aspect of Zur could be exploited in the ventures for the identification of newer antimicrobial targets. Despite extensive research on Zur, the insights into its overall regulon and its moonlighting functions in various pathogens yet remain to be explored. Here in this review, we aim to summarise the disparate functional aspects of Zur proteins present in various bacterial species.
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18
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Proteomics of extracellular vesicles produced by Granulicatella adiacens, which causes infective endocarditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227657. [PMID: 33216751 PMCID: PMC7679012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When oral bacteria accidentally enter the bloodstream due to transient tissue damage during dental procedures, they have the potential to attach to the endocardium or an equivalent surface of an indwelling prosthesis and cause infection. Many bacterial species produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) as part of normal physiology, but also use it as a virulence strategy. In this study, it was hypothesized that Granulicatella adiacens produce EVs that possibly help it in virulence. Therefore, the objectives were to isolate and characterize EVs produced by G. adiacens and to investigate its immune-stimulatory effects. The reference strain G. adiacens CCUG 27809 was cultured on chocolate blood agar for 2 days. From subsequent broth culture, the EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation and filtration protocol and then observed using scanning electron microscopy. Proteins in the vesicle preparation were identified by nano LC-ESI-MS/MS. The EVs proteome was analyzed and characterized using different bioinformatics tools. The immune-stimulatory effect of the EVs was studied via ELISA quantification of IL-8, IL-1β and CCL5, major proinflammatory cytokines, produced from stimulated human PBMCs. It was revealed that G. adiacens produced EVs, ranging in diameter from 30 to 250 nm. Overall, G. adiacens EVs contained 112 proteins. The proteome consists of several ribosomal proteins, DNA associated proteins, binding proteins, and metabolic enzymes. It was also shown that these EVs carry putative virulence factors including moonlighting proteins. These EVs were able to induce the production of IL-8, IL-1β and CCL5 from human PBMCs. Further functional characterization of the G. adiacens EVs may provide new insights into virulence mechanisms of this important but less studied oral bacterial species.
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19
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Functional Analysis of a Fibronectin Binding Protein of Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3430-3440. [PMID: 32761388 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus parasanguinis is a primary colonizer of dental plaque and an opportunistic pathogen for subacute endocarditis. A putative fibronectin binding protein (Spaf_1409) that lacks both an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal cell wall-anchoring motif was identified from the S. parasanguinis FW213 genome. Spaf_1409 was abundantly present in the cytoplasm and also was found in the cell wall preparation and culture supernatant. By using an isogenic mutant strain, MPH4, Spaf_1409 was found to mediate the binding of S. parasanguinis FW213 to fibronectin. Inactivation of Spaf_1409 did not significantly alter the mass of static biofilm, but reduced the resistance of S. parasanguinis against the shearing force in a flow cell biofilm system, resulting in scattered biofilm. The mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with MPH4 was higher than in those infected with wild-type S. parasanguinis. However, fewer viable bacterial cells were recovered from larvae infected with MPH4, compared to those infected with wild-type S. parasanguinis, up to 42 h post infection, suggesting that the infection by MPH4, but not the growth, was responsible for the elevated mortality. The phagocytic analysis using flow cytometry indicated that Spaf_1409 participates in the recognition of S. parasanguinis FW213 by RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting that inactivation of Spaf_1409 intensified the immune responses in larvae, leading to larval death. Taken together, the data indicate that Spaf_1409 plays different roles in the development of dental biofilm and in systemic infections.
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20
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Harvey KL, Jarocki VM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. The Diverse Functional Roles of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31708880 PMCID: PMC6822514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function. However, EF-Tu has evolved the capacity to execute diverse functions on the extracellular surface of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. EF-Tu can traffic to, and is retained on, cell surfaces where can interact with membrane receptors and with extracellular matrix on the surface of plant and animal cells. Our structural studies indicate that short linear motifs (SLiMs) in surface exposed, non-conserved regions of the molecule may play a key role in the moonlighting functions ascribed to this ancient, highly abundant protein. Here we explore the diverse moonlighting functions relating to pathogenesis of EF-Tu in bacteria and examine putative SLiMs on surface-exposed regions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harvey
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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21
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Taboada H, Dunn MF, Meneses N, Vargas-Lagunas C, Buchs N, Andrade-Domínguez A, Encarnación S. Qualitative changes in proteins contained in outer membrane vesicles produced by Rhizobium etli grown in the presence of the nod gene inducer naringenin. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1173-1194. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Prévost V, Anselme K, Gallet O, Hindié M, Petithory T, Valentin J, Veuillet M, Ploux L. Real-Time Imaging of Bacteria/Osteoblast Dynamic Coculture on Bone Implant Material in an in Vitro Postoperative Contamination Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3260-3269. [PMID: 33405569 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants are an important part of evolving modern medicine but have a potential drawback in the form of postoperative pathogenic infection. Accordingly, the "race for surface" combat between invasive bacteria and host cells determines the fate of implants. Hence, proper in vitro systems are required to assess effective strategies to avoid infection. In this study, we developed a real time observation model, mimicking postoperative contamination, designed to follow E. coli proliferation on a titanium surface occupied by human osteoblastic progenitor cells (STRO). This model allowed us to monitor E. coli invasion of human cells on titanium surfaces coated and uncoated with fibronectin. We showed that the surface colonization of bacteria is significantly enhanced on fibronectin coated surfaces irrespective of whether areas were uncovered or covered with human cells. We further revealed that bacterial colonization of the titanium surfaces is enhanced in coculture with STRO cells. Finally, this coculture system provides a comprehensive system to describe in vitro and in situ bacterial and human cells and their localization but also to target biological mechanisms involved in adhesion as well as in interactions with surfaces, thanks to fluorescent labeling. This system is thus an efficient method for studies related to the design and function of new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Prévost
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ERRMECe, F-95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Karine Anselme
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Gallet
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ERRMECe, F-95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Mathilde Hindié
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ERRMECe, F-95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Tatiana Petithory
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jules Valentin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Veuillet
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Ploux
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, BIOMAT U1121, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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23
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A new approach for analyzing an adhesive bacterial protein in the mouse gastrointestinal tract using optical tissue clearing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4731. [PMID: 30894579 PMCID: PMC6426832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial moonlighting proteins act as adhesion factors, which are important for bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, little is known about the adherence properties of moonlighting proteins in the GI tract. Here, we describe a new approach for visualizing the localization of moonlighting protein-coated fluorescent microbeads in the whole GI tract by using a tissue optical clearing method, using elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) as an example. As a bacterial cell surface-localized protein mimic, recombinant EF-Tu from Lactobacillus reuteri was immobilized on microbeads. EF-Tu-coating promoted the interaction of the microbeads with a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Next, the microbeads were orally administered to mice. GI whole tissues were cleared in aqueous fructose solutions of increasing concentrations. At 1 h after administration, the microbeads were diffused from the stomach up to the cecum, and after 3 h, they were diffused throughout the intestinal tract. In the lower digestive tract, EF-Tu-beads were significantly more abundant than non-coated control beads, suggesting that EF-Tu plays an important role in the persistence of the microbeads in the GI tract. The new approach will help in evaluating how moonlighting proteins mediate bacterial colonization.
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24
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Brüggemann H, Poehlein A, Brzuszkiewicz E, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Al-Zeer MA, Brinkmann V, Jensen A, Söderquist B. Staphylococcus saccharolyticus Isolated From Blood Cultures and Prosthetic Joint Infections Exhibits Excessive Genome Decay. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:478. [PMID: 30915059 PMCID: PMC6423177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow-growing, anaerobic, coagulase-negative species Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is found on human skin and in clinical specimens but its pathogenic potential is unclear. Here, we investigated clinical isolates and sequenced the genomes of seven strains of S. saccharolyticus. Phylogenomic analyses showed that the closest relative of S. saccharolyticus is Staphylococcus capitis with an average nucleotide identity of 80%. Previously sequenced strains assigned to S. saccharolyticus are misclassified and belong to S. capitis. Based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of the core genome, the population of S. saccharolyticus can be divided into two clades that also differ in a few larger genomic islands as part of the flexible genome. An unexpected feature of S. saccharolyticus is extensive genome decay, with over 300 pseudogenes, indicating ongoing reductive evolution. Many genes of the core metabolism are not functional, rendering the species auxotrophic for several amino acids, which could explain its slow growth and need for fastidious growth conditions. Secreted proteins of S. saccharolyticus were determined; they include stress response proteins such as heat and oxidative stress-related factors, as well as immunodominant staphylococcal surface antigens and enzymes that can degrade host tissue components. The strains secrete lipases and a hyaluronic acid lyase. Hyaluronidase as well as urease activities were detected in biochemical assays, with clade-specific differences. Our study revealed that S. saccharolyticus has adapted its genome, possibly due to a recent change of habitat; moreover, the data imply that the species has tissue-invasive potential and might cause prosthetic joint infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Brzuszkiewicz
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Söderquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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25
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Lesouhaitier O, Clamens T, Rosay T, Desriac F, Louis M, Rodrigues S, Gannesen A, Plakunov VK, Bouffartigues E, Tahrioui A, Bazire A, Dufour A, Cornelis P, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Host Peptidic Hormones Affecting Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Virulence. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:227-241. [PMID: 30396172 PMCID: PMC6738206 DOI: 10.1159/000493926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms constitute a critical problem in hospitals, especially in resuscitation units or for immunocompromised patients, since bacteria embedded in their own matrix are not only protected against antibiotics but also develop resistant variant strains. In the last decade, an original approach to prevent biofilm formation has consisted of studying the antibacterial potential of host communication molecules. Thus, some of these compounds have been identified for their ability to modify the biofilm formation of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to their effect on biofilm production, a detailed study of the mechanism of action of these human hormones on bacterial physiology has allowed the identification of new bacterial pathways involved in biofilm formation. In this review, we focus on the impact of neuropeptidic hormones on bacteria, address some future therapeutic issues, and provide a new view of inter-kingdom communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France,
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Thibaut Rosay
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Florie Desriac
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Mélissande Louis
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Andrei Gannesen
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir K Plakunov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Alexis Bazire
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA 3884, IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud (UBL), Lorient, France
| | - Alain Dufour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA 3884, IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud (UBL), Lorient, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, LMSM EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Evreux, France
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26
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Ahlstrand T, Torittu A, Elovaara H, Välimaa H, Pöllänen MT, Kasvandik S, Högbom M, Ihalin R. Interactions between the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans secretin HofQ and host cytokines indicate a link between natural competence and interleukin-8 uptake. Virulence 2018; 9:1205-1223. [PMID: 30088437 PMCID: PMC6086316 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1499378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally competent bacteria acquire DNA from their surroundings to survive in nutrient-poor environments and incorporate DNA into their genomes as new genes for improved survival. The secretin HofQ from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with DNA uptake. Cytokine sequestering is a potential virulence mechanism in various bacteria and may modulate both host defense and bacterial physiology. The objective of this study was to elucidate a possible connection between natural competence and cytokine uptake in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The extramembranous domain of HofQ (emHofQ) was shown to interact with various cytokines, of which IL-8 exhibited the strongest interaction. The dissociation constant between emHofQ and IL-8 was 43 nM in static settings and 2.4 μM in dynamic settings. The moderate binding affinity is consistent with the hypothesis that emHofQ recognizes cytokines before transporting them into the cells. The interaction site was identified via crosslinking and mutational analysis. By structural comparison, relateda type I KH domain with a similar interaction site was detected in the Neisseria meningitidis secretin PilQ, which has been shown to participate in IL-8 uptake. Deletion of hofQ from the A. actinomycetemcomitans genome decreased the overall biofilm formation of this organism, abolished the response to cytokines, i.e., decreased eDNA levels in the presence of cytokines, and increased the susceptibility of the biofilm to tested β-lactams. Moreover, we showed that recombinant IL-8 interacted with DNA. These results can be used in further studies on the specific role of cytokine uptake in bacterial virulence without interfering with natural-competence-related DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Ahlstrand
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Annamari Torittu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Heli Elovaara
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- b Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja T Pöllänen
- d Institute of Dentistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- e Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Martin Högbom
- f Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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27
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Jeffery C. Intracellular proteins moonlighting as bacterial adhesion factors. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:362-376. [PMID: 31294221 PMCID: PMC6604927 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic and commensal, or probiotic, bacteria employ adhesins on the cell surface to attach to and interact with the host. Dozens of the adhesins that play key roles in binding to host cells or extracellular matrix were originally identified as intracellular chaperones or enzymes in glycolysis or other central metabolic pathways. Proteins that have two very different functions, often in two different subcellular locations, are referred to as moonlighting proteins. The intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins do not contain signal sequences for secretion or known sequence motifs for binding to the cell surface, so in most cases is not known how these proteins are secreted or how they become attached to the cell surface. A secretion system in which a large portion of the pool of each protein remains inside the cell while some of the pool of the protein is partitioned to the cell surface has not been identified. This may involve a novel version of a known secretion system or it may involve a novel secretion system. Understanding the processes by which intracellular/cell surface moonlighting proteins are targeted to the cell surface could provide novel protein targets for the development of small molecules that block secretion and/or association with the cell surface and could serve as lead compounds for the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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28
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Bhatt JM, Enriquez AS, Wang J, Rojo HM, Molugu SK, Hildenbrand ZL, Bernal RA. Single-Ring Intermediates Are Essential for Some Chaperonins. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:42. [PMID: 29755985 PMCID: PMC5934643 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins are macromolecular complexes found throughout all kingdoms of life that assist unfolded proteins reach a biologically active state. Historically, chaperonins have been classified into two groups based on sequence, subunit structure, and the requirement for a co-chaperonin. Here, we present a brief review of chaperonins that can form double- and single-ring conformational intermediates in their protein-folding catalytic pathway. To date, the bacteriophage encoded chaperonins ϕ-EL and OBP, human mitochondrial chaperonin and most recently, the bacterial groEL/ES systems, have been reported to form single-ring intermediates as part of their normal protein-folding activity. These double-ring chaperonins separate into single-ring intermediates that have the ability to independently fold a protein. We discuss the structural and functional features along with the biological relevance of single-ring intermediates in cellular protein folding. Of special interest are the ϕ-EL and OBP chaperonins which demonstrate features of both group I and II chaperonins in addition to their ability to function via single-ring intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Adrian S Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Humberto M Rojo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sudheer K Molugu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Ricardo A Bernal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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29
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Okuda KI, Nagahori R, Yamada S, Sugimoto S, Sato C, Sato M, Iwase T, Hashimoto K, Mizunoe Y. The Composition and Structure of Biofilms Developed by Propionibacterium acnes Isolated from Cardiac Pacemaker Devices. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29491850 PMCID: PMC5817082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to understand the biofilm formation mechanism of Propionibacterium acnes by analyzing the components and structure of the biofilms. P. acnes strains were isolated from the surface of explanted cardiac pacemaker devices that exhibited no clinical signs of infection. Culture tests using a simple stamp culture method (pressing pacemakers against the surface of agar plates) revealed frequent P. acnes colonization on the surface of cardiac pacemaker devices. P. acnes was isolated from 7/31 devices, and the isolates were categorized by multilocus sequence typing into five different sequence types (STs): ST4 (JK18.2), ST53 (JK17.1), ST69 (JK12.2 and JK13.1), ST124 (JK5.3), ST125 (JK6.2), and unknown ST (JK19.3). An in vitro biofilm formation assay using microtiter plates demonstrated that 5/7 isolates formed biofilms. Inhibitory effects of DNase I and proteinase K on biofilm formation varied among isolates. In contrast, dispersin B showed no inhibitory activity against all isolates. Three-dimensional live/dead imaging of P. acnes biofilms with different biochemical properties using confocal laser microscopy demonstrated different distributions and proportions of living and dead cells. Additionally, it was suggested that extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a role in the formation of biofilms containing living cells. Ultrastructural analysis of P. acnes biofilms using a transmission electron microscope and atmospheric scanning electron microscope revealed leakage of cytoplasmic components along with cell lysis and fibrous structures of eDNA connecting cells. In conclusion, the biochemical properties and structures of the biofilms differed among P. acnes isolates. These findings may provide clues for establishing countermeasures against biofilm-associated infection by P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Okuda
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nagahori
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Yamada
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Iwase
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Mizunoe
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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García-Pérez AN, de Jong A, Junker S, Becher D, Chlebowicz MA, Duipmans JC, Jonkman MF, van Dijl JM. From the wound to the bench: exoproteome interplay between wound-colonizing Staphylococcus aureus strains and co-existing bacteria. Virulence 2018; 9:363-378. [PMID: 29233035 PMCID: PMC5955179 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1395129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound-colonizing microorganisms can form complex and dynamic polymicrobial communities where pathogens and commensals may co-exist, cooperate or compete with each other. The present study was aimed at identifying possible interactions between different bacteria isolated from the same chronic wound of a patient with the genetic blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Specifically, this involved two different isolates of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, and isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Klebsiella oxytoca. Particular focus was attributed to interactions of S. aureus with the two other species, because of the high staphylococcal prevalence among chronic wounds. Intriguingly, upon co-cultivation, none of the wound isolates inhibited each other's growth. Since the extracellular proteome of bacterial pathogens is a reservoir of virulence factors, the exoproteomes of the staphylococcal isolates in monoculture and co-culture with B. thuringiensis and K. oxytoca were characterized by Mass Spectrometry to explore the inherent relationships between these co-exisiting bacteria. This revealed a massive reduction in the number of staphylococcal exoproteins upon co-culturing with K. oxytoca or B. thuringiensis. Interestingly, this decrease was particularly evident for extracellular proteins with a predicted cytoplasmic localization, which were recently implicated in staphylococcal virulence and epidemiology. Furthermore, our exoproteome analysis uncovered potential cooperativity between the two different S. aureus isolates. Altogether, the observed exoproteome variations upon co-culturing are indicative of unprecedented adaptive mechanisms that set limits to the production of secreted staphylococcal virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. García-Pérez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabryna Junker
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Monika A. Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - José C. Duipmans
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel F. Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
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31
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Grayczyk JP, Harvey CJ, Laczkovich I, Alonzo F. A Lipoylated Metabolic Protein Released by Staphylococcus aureus Suppresses Macrophage Activation. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:678-687.e9. [PMID: 29056428 PMCID: PMC5683407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The virulence factors of pathogenic microbes often have single functions that permit immune suppression. However, a proportion possess multiple activities and are considered moonlighting proteins. By examining secreted virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, we determine that the bacterial lipoic acid synthetase LipA suppresses macrophage activation. LipA is known to modify the E2 subunit of the metabolic enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2-PDH) with a fatty acid derivative, lipoic acid, yielding the metabolic protein lipoyl-E2-PDH. We demonstrate that lipoyl-E2-PDH is also released by S. aureus and moonlights as a macrophage immunosuppressant by reducing Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) activation by bacterial lipopeptides. A LipA-deficient strain induces heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which is diminished in the absence of TLR2. During murine systemic infection, LipA suppresses pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, rendering these cells inefficient at controlling infection. These observations suggest that bacterial metabolism and immune evasion are linked by virtue of this moonlighting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Grayczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Cameron J Harvey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Irina Laczkovich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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32
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Bahia D. A New Trick for a Conserved Enzyme: Mevalonate Kinase, a Glycosomal Enzyme, Can Be Secreted by Trypanosoma cruzi and Modulate Cell Invasion and Signaling. Is It Another Moonlighting Enzyme? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:426. [PMID: 29034216 PMCID: PMC5627032 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bahia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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33
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Berry IJ, Jarocki VM, Tacchi JL, Raymond BBA, Widjaja M, Padula MP, Djordjevic SP. N-terminomics identifies widespread endoproteolysis and novel methionine excision in a genome-reduced bacterial pathogen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11063. [PMID: 28894154 PMCID: PMC5593965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing alters protein function. Here we present the first systems-wide analysis of endoproteolysis in the genome-reduced pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. 669 N-terminal peptides from 164 proteins were identified, demonstrating that functionally diverse proteins are processed, more than half of which 75 (53%) were accessible on the cell surface. Multiple cleavage sites were characterised, but cleavage with arginine in P1 predominated. Putative functions for a subset of cleaved fragments were assigned by affinity chromatography using heparin, actin, plasminogen and fibronectin as bait. Binding affinity was correlated with the number of cleavages in a protein, indicating that novel binding motifs are exposed, and protein disorder increases, after a cleavage event. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a model protein to demonstrate this. We define the rules governing methionine excision, show that several aminopeptidases are involved, and propose that through processing, genome-reduced organisms can expand protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J Berry
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jessica L Tacchi
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Benjamin B A Raymond
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Widjaja
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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34
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Rossello J, Lima A, Gil M, Rodríguez Duarte J, Correa A, Carvalho PC, Kierbel A, Durán R. The EAL-domain protein FcsR regulates flagella, chemotaxis and type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a phosphodiesterase independent mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10281. [PMID: 28860517 PMCID: PMC5579053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger c-di-GMP regulates the switch between motile and sessile bacterial lifestyles. A general feature of c-di-GMP metabolism is the presence of a surprisingly large number of genes coding for diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and degradation respectively. However, the physiological relevance of this apparent redundancy is not clear, emphasizing the need for investigating the functions of each of these enzymes. Here we focused on the phosphodiesterase PA2133 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen. We phenotypically characterized P. aeruginosa strain K overexpressing PA2133 or its inactive mutant. We showed that biofilm formation and motility are severely impaired by overexpression of PA2133. Our quantitative proteomic approach applied to the membrane and exoprotein fractions revealed that proteins involved in three processes were mostly affected: flagellar motility, type III secretion system and chemotaxis. While inhibition of biofilm formation can be ascribed to the phosphodiesterase activity of PA2133, down-regulation of flagellar, chemotaxis, and type III secretion system proteins is independent of this enzymatic activity. Based on these unexpected effects of PA2133, we propose to rename this gene product FcsR, for Flagellar, chemotaxis and type III secretion system Regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rossello
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Gil
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unit of Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Rodríguez Duarte
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Agustín Correa
- Unidad de Proteínas Recombinantes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Arlinet Kierbel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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35
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Yoshii Y, Okuda KI, Yamada S, Nagakura M, Sugimoto S, Nagano T, Okabe T, Kojima H, Iwamoto T, Kuwano K, Mizunoe Y. Norgestimate inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation and resensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-lactam antibiotics. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017; 3:18. [PMID: 28758016 PMCID: PMC5522392 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of bacterial biofilms on medical devices can cause severe or fatal infectious diseases. In particular, biofilm-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are difficult to eradicate because the biofilm is strongly resistant to antibiotics and the host immune response. There is no effective treatment for biofilm-associated infectionss, except for surgical removal of contaminated medical devices followed by antibiotic therapy. Here we show that norgestimate, an acetylated progestin, effectively inhibits biofilm formation by staphylococcal strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, without inhibiting their growth, decreasing the selective pressure for emergence of resistance. 17-Deacetyl norgestimate, a metabolite of norgestimate, shows much weaker inhibitory activity against staphylococcal biofilm formation, indicating that the acetyl group of norgestimate is important for its activity. Norgestimate inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation by inhibiting production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and proteins in the extracellular matrix. Proteome analysis of S. aureus indicated that norgestimate represses the expression of the cell wall-anchored protein SasG, which promotes intercellular adhesion, and of the glycolytic enzyme enolase, which plays a secondary role in biofilm formation. Notably, norgestimate induces remarkable changes in cell wall morphology, characterized by increased thickness and abnormal rippled septa. Furthermore, norgestimate increases the expression level of penicillin binding protein 2 and resensitizes methicillin-resistant S. aureus to β-lactam antibiotics. These results suggest that norgestimate is a promising lead compound for the development of drugs to treat biofilm-associated infections, as well as for its ability to resensitize methicillin-resistant S. aureus to β-lactam antibiotics. A synthetic molecule related to the hormone progesterone might keep medical devices free of biofilms without promoting antibiotic resistance. Implanted devices that have become contaminated with biofilms generally must be surgically removed prior to treating the underlying infection with antibiotics. Ken-ichi Okuda and colleagues at The Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo, with co-workers elsewhere in Japan, found that the synthetic progesterone analog norgestimate inhibits biofilm formation without inhibiting bacterial growth. They regard this selective effect on biofilm formation as a significant advantage, as it reduces the risk of inducing resistance in the targeted bacteria. They demonstrated the effect using staphylococcal bacteria, including the problematic and highly dangerous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The research also indicated that norgestimate can resensitize MRSA bacteria to some of the antibiotics they are resistant to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yoshii
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Okuda
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Satomi Yamada
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Mari Nagakura
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Mizunoe
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
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36
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Mekonnen SA, Palma Medina LM, Glasner C, Tsompanidou E, de Jong A, Grasso S, Schaffer M, Mäder U, Larsen AR, Gumpert H, Westh H, Völker U, Otto A, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Signatures of cytoplasmic proteins in the exoproteome distinguish community- and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 lineages. Virulence 2017; 8:891-907. [PMID: 28475476 PMCID: PMC5626246 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1325064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the common name for a heterogeneous group of highly drug-resistant staphylococci. Two major MRSA classes are distinguished based on epidemiology, namely community-associated (CA) and hospital-associated (HA) MRSA. Notably, the distinction of CA- and HA-MRSA based on molecular traits remains difficult due to the high genomic plasticity of S. aureus. Here we sought to pinpoint global distinguishing features of CA- and HA-MRSA through a comparative genome and proteome analysis of the notorious MRSA lineage USA300. We show for the first time that CA- and HA-MRSA isolates can be distinguished by 2 distinct extracellular protein abundance clusters that are predictive not only for epidemiologic behavior, but also for their growth and survival within epithelial cells. This ‘exoproteome profiling’ also groups more distantly related HA-MRSA isolates into the HA exoproteome cluster. Comparative genome analysis suggests that these distinctive features of CA- and HA-MRSA isolates relate predominantly to the accessory genome. Intriguingly, the identified exoproteome clusters differ in the relative abundance of typical cytoplasmic proteins, suggesting that signatures of cytoplasmic proteins in the exoproteome represent a new distinguishing feature of CA- and HA-MRSA. Our comparative genome and proteome analysis focuses attention on potentially distinctive roles of ‘liberated’ cytoplasmic proteins in the epidemiology and intracellular survival of CA- and HA-MRSA isolates. Such extracellular cytoplasmic proteins were recently invoked in staphylococcal virulence, but their implication in the epidemiology of MRSA is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Mekonnen
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Palma Medina
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Corinna Glasner
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Tsompanidou
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- c Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Grasso
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marc Schaffer
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Ulrike Mäder
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Anders R Larsen
- d National Center for Antimicrobials and Infection Control , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Heidi Gumpert
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Hvidovre University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Henrik Westh
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Hvidovre University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,f Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Uwe Völker
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- g Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- g Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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37
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Ghazaei C. Role and mechanism of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone machines in bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:259-265. [PMID: 28086078 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are highly conserved, stress-inducible, ubiquitous proteins that maintain homeostasis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsp70 proteins belong to the heat shock protein family and enhance bacterial survival in hostile environments. Hsp70, known as DnaK in prokaryotes, supports numerous processes such as the assembly and disassembly of protein complexes, the refolding of misfolded and clustered proteins, membrane translocation and the regulation of regulatory proteins. The chaperone-based activity of Hsp70 depends on dynamic interactions between its two domains, known as the ATPase domain and the substrate-binding domain. It also depends on interactions between these domains and other co-chaperone molecules such as the Hsp40 protein family member DnaJ and nucleotide exchange factors. DnaJ is the primary chaperone that interacts with nascent polypeptide chains and functions to prevent their premature release from the ribosome and misfolding before it is targeted by DnaK. Adhesion of bacteria to host cells is mediated by both host and bacterial Hsp70. Following infection of the host, bacterial Hsp70 (DnaK) is in a position to initiate bacterial survival processes and trigger an immune response by the host. Any mutations in the dnaK gene have been shown to decrease the viability of bacteria inside the host. This review will give insights into the structure and mechanism of Hsp70 and its role in regulating the protein activity that contributes to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciamak Ghazaei
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
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38
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Zhao L, Chen J, Sun J, Zhang D. Multimer recognition and secretion by the non-classical secretion pathway in Bacillus subtilis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44023. [PMID: 28276482 PMCID: PMC5343618 DOI: 10.1038/srep44023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-classical protein secretion in bacteria is a common phenomenon. However, the selection principle for non-classical secretion pathways remains unclear. Here, our experimental data, to our knowledge, are the first to show that folded multimeric proteins can be recognized and excreted by a non-classical secretion pathway in Bacillus subtilis. We explored the secretion pattern of a typical cytoplasmic protein D-psicose 3-epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA (RDPE), and showed that its non-classical secretion is not simply due to cell lysis. Analysis of truncation variants revealed that the C- and N-terminus, and two hydrophobic domains, are required for structural stability and non-classical secretion of RDPE. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the hydrophobic segments of RDPE revealed that hydrophobic residues mediated the equilibrium between its folded and unfolded forms. Reporter mCherry and GFP fusions with RDPE regions show that its secretion requires an intact tetrameric protein complex. Using cross-linked tetramers, we show that folded tetrameric RDPE can be secreted as a single unit. Finally, we provide evidence that the non-classical secretion pathway has a strong preference for multimeric substrates, which accumulate at the poles and septum region. Altogether, these data show that a multimer recognition mechanism is likely applicable across the non-classical secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqun Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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39
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Andre GO, Converso TR, Politano WR, Ferraz LFC, Ribeiro ML, Leite LCC, Darrieux M. Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae Proteins in Evasion of Complement-Mediated Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28265264 PMCID: PMC5316553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of mechanisms that limit complement mediated opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis. This review focuses on the strategies employed by pneumococci to circumvent complement mediated immunity, both in vitro and in vivo. At last, since many of the proteins involved in interactions with complement components are vaccine candidates in different stages of validation, we explore the use of these antigens alone or in combination, as potential vaccine approaches that aim at elimination or drastic reduction in the ability of this bacterium to evade complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greiciely O Andre
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Converso
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter R Politano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Lucio F C Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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40
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Weng Y, Chen F, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Chen R, Pan X, Liu C, Cheng Z, Jin S, Jin Y, Wu W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enolase Influences Bacterial Tolerance to Oxidative Stresses and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1999. [PMID: 28018326 PMCID: PMC5156722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, which causes acute and chronic infections. Upon entering the host, bacteria alter global gene expression to adapt to host environment and avoid clearance by the host. Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme involved in carbon metabolism. It is also a component of RNA degradosome, which is involved in RNA processing and gene regulation. Here, we report that enolase is required for the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a murine acute pneumonia model. Mutation of enolase coding gene (eno) increased bacterial susceptibility to neutrophil mediated killing, which is due to reduced tolerance to oxidative stress. Catalases and alkyl hydroperoxide reductases play a major role in protecting the cell from oxidative damages. In the eno mutant, the expression levels of catalases (KatA and KatB) were similar as those in the wild type strain in the presence of H2O2, however, the expression levels of alkyl hydroperoxide reductases (AhpB and AhpC) were significantly reduced. Overexpression of ahpB but not ahpC in the eno mutant fully restored the bacterial resistance to H2O2 as well as neutrophil mediated killing, and partially restored bacterial virulence in the murine acute pneumonia model. Therefore, we have identified a novel role of enolase in the virulence of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Shouguang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, USA
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
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41
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Jiang X, Yang Y, Zhou J, Zhu L, Gu Y, Zhang X, Li X, Fang W. Roles of the Putative Type IV-like Secretion System Key Component VirD4 and PrsA in Pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis Type 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:172. [PMID: 27995095 PMCID: PMC5133265 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is a zoonotic pathogen causing septic infection, meningitis and pneumonia in pigs and humans. SS2 may cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) probably due to excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. A previous study indicated that the virD4 gene in the putative type IV-like secretion system (T4SS) within the 89K pathogenicity island specific for recent epidemic strains contributed to the development of STSS. However, the functional basis of VirD4 in STSS remains unclear. Here we show that deletion of virD4 led to reduced virulence as shown by about 65% higher LD50, lower bacterial load in liver and brain, and lower level of expression of inflammatory cytokines in mice and cell lines than its parent strain. The ΔVirD4 mutant was more easily phagocytosed, suggesting its role as an anti-phagocytic factor. Oxidative stress that mimic bacterial exposure to respiratory burst of phagocytes upregulated expression of virD4. Proteomic analysis identified 10 secreted proteins of significant differences between the parent and mutant strains under oxidative stress, including PrsA, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. The SS2 PrsA expressed in E. coli caused a dose-dependent cell death and increased expression of proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in murine macrophage cells. Our data provide novel insights into the contribution of the VirD4 factor to STSS pathogenesis, possibly via its anti-phagocytic activity, upregulation of its expression upon oxidative stress and its involvement in increased secretion of PrsA as a cell death inducer and proinflammatory effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxing Gu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang, China
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Antunes A, Derkaoui M, Terrade A, Denizon M, Deghmane AE, Deutscher J, Delany I, Taha MK. The Phosphocarrier Protein HPr Contributes to Meningococcal Survival during Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162434. [PMID: 27655040 PMCID: PMC5031443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusively human pathogen frequently carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx but it can also provoke invasive infections such as meningitis and septicemia. N. meningitidis uses a limited range of carbon sources during infection, such as glucose, that is usually transported into bacteria via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), in which the phosphocarrier protein HPr (encoded by the ptsH gene) plays a central role. Although N. meningitidis possesses an incomplete PTS, HPr was found to be required for its virulence. We explored the role of HPr using bioluminescent wild-type and ΔptsH strains in experimental infection in transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin. The wild-type MC58 strain was recovered at higher levels from the peritoneal cavity and particularly from blood compared to the ΔptsH strain. The ΔptsH strain provoked lower levels of septicemia in mice and was more susceptible to complement-mediated killing than the wild-type strain. We tested whether meningococcal structures impacted complement resistance and observed that only the capsule level was decreased in the ΔptsH mutant. We therefore compared the transcriptomic profiles of wild-type and ΔptsH strains and identified 49 differentially expressed genes. The HPr regulon contains mainly hypothetical proteins (43%) and several membrane-associated proteins that could play a role during host interaction. Some other genes of the HPr regulon are involved in stress response. Indeed, the ΔptsH strain showed increased susceptibility to environmental stress conditions. Our data suggest that HPr plays a pleiotropic role in host-bacteria interactions most likely through the innate immune response that may be responsible for the enhanced clearance of the ΔptsH strain from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Antunes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- * E-mail: (AA); (MKT)
| | - Meriem Derkaoui
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aude Terrade
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mélanie Denizon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Josef Deutscher
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8261 (affiliated with Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité), Expression Génétique Microbienne, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Delany
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l. (a GSK company), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- * E-mail: (AA); (MKT)
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Osbak KK, Houston S, Lithgow KV, Meehan CJ, Strouhal M, Šmajs D, Cameron CE, Van Ostade X, Kenyon CR, Van Raemdonck GA. Characterizing the Syphilis-Causing Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum Proteome Using Complementary Mass Spectrometry. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004988. [PMID: 27606673 PMCID: PMC5015957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum is the etiological agent of syphilis, a chronic multistage disease. Little is known about the global T. pallidum proteome, therefore mass spectrometry studies are needed to bring insights into pathogenicity and protein expression profiles during infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To better understand the T. pallidum proteome profile during infection, we studied T. pallidum ssp. pallidum DAL-1 strain bacteria isolated from rabbits using complementary mass spectrometry techniques, including multidimensional peptide separation and protein identification via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap) tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 6033 peptides were detected, corresponding to 557 unique T. pallidum proteins at a high level of confidence, representing 54% of the predicted proteome. A previous gel-based T. pallidum MS proteome study detected 58 of these proteins. One hundred fourteen of the detected proteins were previously annotated as hypothetical or uncharacterized proteins; this is the first account of 106 of these proteins at the protein level. Detected proteins were characterized according to their predicted biological function and localization; half were allocated into a wide range of functional categories. Proteins annotated as potential membrane proteins and proteins with unclear functional annotations were subjected to an additional bioinformatics pipeline analysis to facilitate further characterization. A total of 116 potential membrane proteins were identified, of which 16 have evidence supporting outer membrane localization. We found 8/12 proteins related to the paralogous tpr gene family: TprB, TprC/D, TprE, TprG, TprH, TprI and TprJ. Protein abundance was semi-quantified using label-free spectral counting methods. A low correlation (r = 0.26) was found between previous microarray signal data and protein abundance. CONCLUSIONS This is the most comprehensive description of the global T. pallidum proteome to date. These data provide valuable insights into in vivo T. pallidum protein expression, paving the way for improved understanding of the pathogenicity of this enigmatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K Osbak
- HIV/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen V Lithgow
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Conor J Meehan
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michal Strouhal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline E Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory for Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chris R Kenyon
- HIV/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Geert A Van Raemdonck
- HIV/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory for Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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44
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Excreted Cytoplasmic Proteins Contribute to Pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1672-81. [PMID: 27001537 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00138-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excretion of cytoplasmic proteins in pro- and eukaryotes, also referred to as "nonclassical protein export," is a well-known phenomenon. However, comparatively little is known about the role of the excreted proteins in relation to pathogenicity. Here, the impact of two excreted glycolytic enzymes, aldolase (FbaA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), on pathogenicity was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus Both enzymes bound to certain host matrix proteins and enhanced adherence of the bacterial cells to host cells but caused a decrease in host cell invasion. FbaA and GAPDH also bound to the cell surfaces of staphylococcal cells by interaction with the major autolysin, Atl, that is involved in host cell internalization. Surprisingly, FbaA showed high cytotoxicity to both MonoMac 6 (MM6) and HaCaT cells, while GAPDH was cytotoxic only for MM6 cells. Finally, the contribution of external FbaA and GAPDH to S. aureus pathogenicity was confirmed in an insect infection model.
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45
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Swearingen KE, Lindner SE, Shi L, Shears MJ, Harupa A, Hopp CS, Vaughan AM, Springer TA, Moritz RL, Kappe SHI, Sinnis P. Interrogating the Plasmodium Sporozoite Surface: Identification of Surface-Exposed Proteins and Demonstration of Glycosylation on CSP and TRAP by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005606. [PMID: 27128092 PMCID: PMC4851412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasite infection is initiated by the mosquito-transmitted sporozoite stage, a highly motile invasive cell that targets hepatocytes in the liver for infection. A promising approach to developing a malaria vaccine is the use of proteins located on the sporozoite surface as antigens to elicit humoral immune responses that prevent the establishment of infection. Very little of the P. falciparum genome has been considered as potential vaccine targets, and candidate vaccines have been almost exclusively based on single antigens, generating the need for novel target identification. The most advanced malaria vaccine to date, RTS,S, a subunit vaccine consisting of a portion of the major surface protein circumsporozoite protein (CSP), conferred limited protection in Phase III trials, falling short of community-established vaccine efficacy goals. In striking contrast to the limited protection seen in current vaccine trials, sterilizing immunity can be achieved by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, suggesting that more potent protection may be achievable with a multivalent protein vaccine. Here, we provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of proteins located on the surface of or secreted by Plasmodium falciparum salivary gland sporozoites. We used chemical labeling to isolate surface-exposed proteins on sporozoites and identified these proteins by mass spectrometry. We validated several of these targets and also provide evidence that components of the inner membrane complex are in fact surface-exposed and accessible to antibodies in live sporozoites. Finally, our mass spectrometry data provide the first direct evidence that the Plasmodium surface proteins CSP and TRAP are glycosylated in sporozoites, a finding that could impact the selection of vaccine antigens. Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, responsible for an estimated 500 million new cases and 600,000 deaths annually. The etiologic agents of the disease are protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that have a complex cycle between mosquito and mammalian hosts. Though all clinical symptoms are attributable to the blood stages, it is only by attacking the transmission stages that we can make an impact on the economic and health burdens of malaria. Infection is initiated when mosquitoes inoculate sporozoites into the skin as they probe for blood. Sporozoites must locate blood vessels and enter the circulation to reach the liver where they invade and grow in hepatocytes. The inoculum is low and these early stages of infection are asymptomatic. Though the small amounts of material available for study has made large scale -omics studies difficult, killing the parasite at this stage would prevent infection and block downstream transmission to mosquitoes, thus preventing spread of disease. Here we use state-of-the-art biochemistry tools to identify the proteins on the sporozoite surface and find that two of the most studied proteins, CSP and TRAP, have post-translational modifications. These studies will aid investigations into the novel biology of sporozoites and importantly, significantly expand the pool of potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lirong Shi
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anke Harupa
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Hopp
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
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Turnbull L, Toyofuku M, Hynen AL, Kurosawa M, Pessi G, Petty NK, Osvath SR, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Gloag ES, Shimoni R, Omasits U, Ito S, Yap X, Monahan LG, Cavaliere R, Ahrens CH, Charles IG, Nomura N, Eberl L, Whitchurch CB. Explosive cell lysis as a mechanism for the biogenesis of bacterial membrane vesicles and biofilms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11220. [PMID: 27075392 PMCID: PMC4834629 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria produce extracellular and surface-associated components such as membrane vesicles (MVs), extracellular DNA and moonlighting cytosolic proteins for which the biogenesis and export pathways are not fully understood. Here we show that the explosive cell lysis of a sub-population of cells accounts for the liberation of cytosolic content in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that explosive cell lysis also produces shattered membrane fragments that rapidly form MVs. A prophage endolysin encoded within the R- and F-pyocin gene cluster is essential for explosive cell lysis. Endolysin-deficient mutants are defective in MV production and biofilm development, consistent with a crucial role in the biogenesis of MVs and liberation of extracellular DNA and other biofilm matrix components. Our findings reveal that explosive cell lysis, mediated through the activity of a cryptic prophage endolysin, acts as a mechanism for the production of bacterial MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Turnbull
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Amelia L Hynen
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Masaharu Kurosawa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Nicola K Petty
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sarah R Osvath
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Erin S Gloag
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Raz Shimoni
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ulrich Omasits
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xinhui Yap
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Leigh G Monahan
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Rosalia Cavaliere
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, &Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland
| | - Ian G Charles
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Abstract
Bacterial-bacterial interactions play a critical role in promoting biofilm formation. Here we show that NagZ, a protein associated with peptidoglycan recycling, has moonlighting activity that allows it to modulate biofilm accumulation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We characterize the biochemical properties of NagZ and demonstrate its ability to function as a dispersing agent for biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces. We extend these observations to cell culture and tissue explant models and show that in nagZ mutants, the biofilms formed in cell culture and on human tissues contain significantly more biomass than those formed by a wild-type strain. Our results demonstrate that an enzyme thought to be restricted to peptidoglycan recycling is able to disperse preformed biofilms.
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Truchan HK, VieBrock L, Cockburn CL, Ojogun N, Griffin BP, Wijesinghe DS, Chalfant CE, Carlyon JA. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Rab10-dependent parasitism of the trans-Golgi network is critical for completion of the infection cycle. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:260-81. [PMID: 26289115 PMCID: PMC4891814 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging human pathogen and obligate intracellular bacterium. It inhabits a host cell-derived vacuole and cycles between replicative reticulate cell (RC) and infectious dense-cored (DC) morphotypes. Host-pathogen interactions that are critical for RC-to-DC conversion are undefined. We previously reported that A. phagocytophilum recruits green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Rab10, a GTPase that directs exocytic traffic from the sphingolipid-rich trans-Golgi network (TGN) to its vacuole in a guanine nucleotide-independent manner. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Rab10-positive TGN vesicles are not only routed to but also delivered into the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (ApV). Consistent with this finding, A. phagocytophilum incorporates sphingolipids while intracellular and retains them when naturally released from host cells. TGN vesicle delivery into the ApV is Rab10 dependent, up-regulates expression of the DC-specific marker, APH1235, and is critical for the production of infectious progeny. The A. phagocytophilum surface protein, uridine monophosphate kinase, was identified as a guanine nucleotide-independent, Rab10-specific ligand. These data delineate why Rab10 is important for the A. phagocytophilum infection cycle and expand the understanding of the benefits that exploiting host cell membrane traffic affords intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K. Truchan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lauren VieBrock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chelsea L. Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nore Ojogun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brian P. Griffin
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- The Victoria Johnson Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Research and Development, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason A. Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Novel PCR Assays Complement Laser Biosensor-Based Method and Facilitate Listeria Species Detection from Food. SENSORS 2015; 15:22672-91. [PMID: 26371000 PMCID: PMC4610479 DOI: 10.3390/s150922672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop the Listeria species-specific PCR assays based on a house-keeping gene (lmo1634) encoding alcohol acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aad), previously designated as Listeria adhesion protein (LAP), and compare results with a label-free light scattering sensor, BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology). PCR primer sets targeting the lap genes from the species of Listeria sensu stricto were designed and tested with 47 Listeria and 8 non-Listeria strains. The resulting PCR primer sets detected either all species of Listeria sensu stricto or individual L. innocua, L. ivanovii and L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, and L. marthii without producing any amplified products from other bacteria tested. The PCR assays with Listeria sensu stricto-specific primers also successfully detected all species of Listeria sensu stricto and/or Listeria innocua from mixed culture-inoculated food samples, and each bacterium in food was verified by using the light scattering sensor that generated unique scatter signature for each species of Listeria tested. The PCR assays based on the house-keeping gene aad (lap) can be used for detection of either all species of Listeria sensu stricto or certain individual Listeria species in a mixture from food with a detection limit of about 10⁴ CFU/mL.
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50
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Amblee V, Jeffery CJ. Physical Features of Intracellular Proteins that Moonlight on the Cell Surface. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130575. [PMID: 26110848 PMCID: PMC4481411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins comprise a subset of multifunctional proteins that perform two or more biochemical functions that are not due to gene fusions, multiple splice variants, proteolytic fragments, or promiscuous enzyme activities. The project described herein focuses on a sub-set of moonlighting proteins that have a canonical biochemical function inside the cell and perform a second biochemical function on the cell surface in at least one species. The goal of this project is to consider the biophysical features of these moonlighting proteins to determine whether they have shared characteristics or defining features that might suggest why these particular proteins were adopted for a second function on the cell surface, or if these proteins resemble typical intracellular proteins. The latter might suggest that many other normally intracellular proteins found on the cell surface might also be moonlighting in this fashion. We have identified 30 types of proteins that have different functions inside the cell and on the cell surface. Some of these proteins are found to moonlight on the surface of multiple species, sometimes with different extracellular functions in different species, so there are a total of 98 proteins in the study set. Although a variety of intracellular proteins (enzymes, chaperones, etc.) are observed to be re-used on the cell surface, for the most part, these proteins were found to have physical characteristics typical of intracellular proteins. Many other intracellular proteins have also been found on the surface of bacterial pathogens and other organisms in proteomics experiments. It is quite possible that many of those proteins also have a moonlighting function on the cell surface. The increasing number and variety of known moonlighting proteins suggest that there may be more moonlighting proteins than previously thought, and moonlighting might be a common feature of many more proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishak Amblee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC567, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Constance J. Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC567, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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