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Creisher PS, Parish MA, Lei J, Liu J, Perry JL, Campbell AD, Sherer ML, Burd I, Klein SL. Suppression of progesterone by influenza A virus mediates adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0306523. [PMID: 38190129 PMCID: PMC10865978 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03065-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy can cause adverse maternal and fetal outcomes but the mechanism responsible remains elusive. Infection of outbred mice with 2009 H1N1 at embryonic day (E) 10 resulted in significant maternal morbidity, placental tissue damage and inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and developmental delays that lasted through weaning. Restriction of pulmonary virus replication was not inhibited during pregnancy, but infected dams had suppressed circulating and placental progesterone (P4) concentrations that were caused by H1N1-induced upregulation of pulmonary cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-, but not COX-2-, dependent synthesis and secretion of prostaglandin (PG) F2α. Treatment with 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), a synthetic progestin that is safe to use in pregnancy, ameliorated the adverse maternal and fetal outcomes from H1N1 infection and prevented placental cell death and inflammation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of progestin treatments for influenza during pregnancy.IMPORTANCEPregnant individuals are at risk of severe outcomes from both seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses. Influenza infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes at birth and adverse consequences for offspring into adulthood. When outbred dams, with semi-allogenic fetuses, were infected with 2009 H1N1, in addition to pulmonary virus replication, lung damage, and inflammation, the placenta showed evidence of transient cell death and inflammation that was mediated by increased activity along the arachidonic acid pathway leading to suppression of circulating progesterone. Placental damage and suppressed progesterone were associated with detrimental effects on perinatal growth and developmental delays in offspring. Treatment of H1N1-infected pregnant mice with 17-OHPC, a synthetic progestin treatment that is safe to use in pregnancy, prevented placental damage and inflammation and adverse fetal outcomes. This novel therapeutic option for the treatment of influenza during pregnancy should be explored clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maclaine A. Parish
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie L. Perry
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariana D. Campbell
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan L. Sherer
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Creisher PS, Parish MA, Lei J, Liu J, Perry JL, Campbell AD, Sherer ML, Burd I, Klein SL. Suppression of progesterone by influenza A virus mediates adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557146. [PMID: 37745453 PMCID: PMC10515826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy can cause adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but the mechanism responsible remains elusive. Infection of outbred mice with 2009 H1N1 at embryonic day (E) 10 resulted in significant maternal morbidity, placental tissue damage and inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and developmental delays that lasted through weaning. Restriction of pulmonary virus replication was not inhibited during pregnancy, but infected dams had suppressed circulating and placental progesterone (P4) concentrations that were caused by H1N1-induced upregulation of pulmonary cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, but not COX-2-, dependent synthesis and secretion of prostaglandin (PG) F2α. Treatment with 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), a synthetic progestin that is safe to use in pregnancy, ameliorated the adverse maternal and fetal outcomes from H1N1 infection and prevented placental cell death and inflammation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of progestin treatments for influenza during pregnancy.
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3
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Speaks S, Zani A, Solstad A, Kenney A, McFadden MI, Zhang L, Eddy AC, Amer AO, Robinson R, Cai C, Ma J, Hemann EA, Forero A, Yount JS. Gasdermin D promotes influenza virus-induced mortality through neutrophil amplification of inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531787. [PMID: 36945485 PMCID: PMC10028878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus activates cellular inflammasome pathways, which can be either beneficial or detrimental to infection outcomes. Here, we investigated the role of the inflammasome-activated pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) during infection. Ablation of GSDMD in knockout (KO) mice significantly attenuated virus-induced weight loss, lung dysfunction, lung histopathology, and mortality compared with wild type (WT) mice, despite similar viral loads. Infected GSDMD KO mice exhibited decreased inflammatory gene signatures revealed by lung transcriptomics, which also implicated a diminished neutrophil response. Importantly, neutrophil depletion in infected WT mice recapitulated the reduced mortality and lung inflammation observed in GSDMD KO animals, while having no additional protective effects in GSDMD KOs. These findings reveal a new function for GSDMD in promoting lung neutrophil responses that amplify influenza virus-induced inflammation and pathogenesis. Targeting the GSDMD/neutrophil axis may provide a new therapeutic avenue for treating severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Speaks
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Abigail Solstad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Adam Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Matthew I. McFadden
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Adrian C. Eddy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Amal O. Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Richard Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Emily A. Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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4
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Karimi Z, Chenari M, Rezaie F, Karimi S, Parhizgari N, Mokhtari-Azad T. Proposed Pathway Linking Respiratory Infections with Depression. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:199-210. [PMID: 35466092 PMCID: PMC9048006 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most important causes of disability and loss of useful life of people around the world. Acute respiratory infection caused a large number of severe illnesses and deaths of the world and most of these due to viral infections, which is estimated more than 80% of respiratory infections. Detection of viruses by immune pathogen recognition receptors activates the intracellular signaling cascade and eventually cause produces interferons. Inflammatory process begins with secretion of interferons and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. One of the most important of these genes is indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which plays a major role in tryptophan catabolism. IDO is an intracellular monomeric enzyme that is also responsible for breaking down and consuming tryptophan in the Kynurenine pathway. Increased inflammation has been linked to decrease tryptophan concentrations and increase kynurenine levels. We tried to explain the role of inflammation by viral respiratory infections in causing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Karimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Chenari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaie
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Karimi
- Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parhizgari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Specific Cytokine Profiles Predict the Severity of Influenza A Pneumonia: A Prospectively Multicenter Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9533044. [PMID: 34692846 PMCID: PMC8528594 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9533044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Studying the cytokine profiles in influenza A pneumonia could be helpful to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and predict its prognosis. Patients and Methods. Patients with influenza A pneumonia (including 2009H1N1, H1N1, H3N1, and H7N1) hospitalized in six hospitals from January 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT03093220). Sputum samples were collected within 24 hours after admission and subsequently analyzed for cytokine profiles using a Luminex assay. Results A total of 35 patients with influenza A pneumonia were included in the study. The levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-2 were increased in patients with severe influenza A pneumonia (n =10) (P = 0.002, 0.009, and 0.008, respectively), while those of IL-5, IL-25, IL-17A, and IL-22 were decreased compared to patients with nonsevere pneumonia (P = 0.0001, 0.009, 0.0001, and 0.006, respectively). The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in the nonsurvivors (n = 5) were significantly higher than those in the survivors (P = 0.043 and 0.0001, respectively), while the levels of IL-5, IL-17A, and IL-22 were significantly lower (P = 0.001, 0.012, and 0.043, respectively). The IL-4/IL-17A ratio has the potential to be a good predictor (AUC = 0.94, P < 0.05, sensitivity = 88.89%, specificity = 92.31%) and an independent risk factor (OR, 95% CI: 3.772, 1.188-11.975; P < 0.05) for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (n = 9). Conclusion Significant dysregulation of cytokine profiles can be observed in patients with severe influenza A pneumonia.
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6
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The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine–storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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7
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Clementi N, Ghosh S, De Santis M, Castelli M, Criscuolo E, Zanoni I, Clementi M, Mancini N. Viral Respiratory Pathogens and Lung Injury. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00103-20. [PMID: 33789928 PMCID: PMC8142519 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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8
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Ge Y, Tian T, Huang S, Wan F, Li J, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Hong L, Wu N, Yuan E, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu C, Lei Y, Shu H, Feng X, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Chi Y, Guo X, Cui L, Xiao L, Li Z, Yang C, Miao Z, Chen L, Li H, Zeng H, Zhao D, Zhu F, Shen X, Zeng J. An integrative drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:165. [PMID: 33895786 PMCID: PMC8065335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework, which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph, literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor, CVL218, currently in Phase I clinical trial, may be repurposed to treat COVID-19. Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect. In addition, we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Suling Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping Wan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shuya Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hui Yang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lixiang Hong
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Yuan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunan Luo
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL USA
| | - Lili Cheng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hantao Shu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
| | - Ziyuan Jiang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Alashan League Organization Establishment Committee Office Electronic Support Center, Alashan, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Ying Chi
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiling Guo
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Liang Xiao
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Li
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Miao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainian Zeng
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dan Zhao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaokun Shen
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Daamen AR, Bachali P, Owen KA, Kingsmore KM, Hubbard EL, Labonte AC, Robl R, Shrotri S, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 blood, lung, and airway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7052. [PMID: 33782412 PMCID: PMC8007747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 is a previously uncharacterized coronavirus and causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The host response to SARS-CoV2 has not yet been fully delineated, hampering a precise approach to therapy. To address this, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of gene expression data from the blood, lung, and airway of COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that COVID-19 pathogenesis is driven by populations of myeloid-lineage cells with highly inflammatory but distinct transcriptional signatures in each compartment. The relative absence of cytotoxic cells in the lung suggests a model in which delayed clearance of the virus may permit exaggerated myeloid cell activation that contributes to disease pathogenesis by the production of inflammatory mediators. The gene expression profiles also identify potential therapeutic targets that could be modified with available drugs. The data suggest that transcriptomic profiling can provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Robl
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Sneha Shrotri
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | | | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
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10
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Ferreira AC, Soares VC, de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Dias SDSG, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Sacramento CQ, Mattos M, de Freitas CS, Temerozo JR, Teixeira L, Damaceno Hottz E, Barreto EA, Pão CRR, Palhinha L, Miranda M, Bou-Habib DC, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Souza TML. SARS-CoV-2 engages inflammasome and pyroptosis in human primary monocytes. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:43. [PMID: 33649297 PMCID: PMC7919254 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with leukopenia and uncontrolled inflammatory response in critically ill patients. A better comprehension of SARS-CoV-2-induced monocyte death is essential for the identification of therapies capable to control the hyper-inflammation and reduce viral replication in patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 engages inflammasome and triggers pyroptosis in human monocytes, experimentally infected, and from patients under intensive care. Pyroptosis associated with caspase-1 activation, IL-1ß production, gasdermin D cleavage, and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in human primary monocytes. At least in part, our results originally describe mechanisms by which monocytes, a central cellular component recruited from peripheral blood to respiratory tract, succumb to control severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica-Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Suelen da Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline S de Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunotrombose, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ester A Barreto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila R R Pão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milene Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto D'or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Abstract
Infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with leukopenia and uncontrolled inflammatory response in critically ill patients. A better comprehension of SARS-CoV-2-induced monocyte death is essential for the identification of therapies capable to control the hyper-inflammation and reduce viral replication in patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 engages inflammasome and triggers pyroptosis in human monocytes, experimentally infected, and from patients under intensive care. Pyroptosis associated with caspase-1 activation, IL-1ß production, gasdermin D cleavage, and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in human primary monocytes. At least in part, our results originally describe mechanisms by which monocytes, a central cellular component recruited from peripheral blood to respiratory tract, succumb to control severe COVID-19.
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12
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Percopo CM, Ma M, Mai E, Redes JL, Kraemer LS, Minai M, Moore IN, Druey KM, Rosenberg HF. Alternaria alternata Accelerates Loss of Alveolar Macrophages and Promotes Lethal Influenza A Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090946. [PMID: 32867061 PMCID: PMC7552021 DOI: 10.3390/v12090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of fungi and fungal components has been linked to the development of respiratory disorders, although their role with respect to the pathogenesis of acute respiratory virus infection remains unclear. Here, we evaluate inflammatory pathology induced by repetitive administration of a filtrate of the ubiquitous fungus, Alternaria alternata, and its impact on susceptibility to infection with influenza A. We showed previously that A. alternata at the nasal mucosae resulted in increased susceptibility to an otherwise sublethal inoculum of influenza A in wild-type mice. Here we demonstrate that A. alternata-induced potentiation of influenza A infection was not dependent on fungal serine protease or ribonuclease activity. Repetitive challenge with A. alternata prior to virus infection resulted proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, and loss of alveolar macrophages to a degree that substantially exceeded that observed in response to influenza A infection alone. Concomitant administration of immunomodulatory Lactobacillus plantarum, a strategy shown previously to limit virus-induced inflammation in the airways, blocked the exaggerated lethal response. These observations promote an improved understanding of severe influenza infection with potential clinical relevance for individuals subjected to continuous exposure to molds and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.M.P.); (M.M.); (E.M.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Michelle Ma
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.M.P.); (M.M.); (E.M.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Eric Mai
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.M.P.); (M.M.); (E.M.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Jamie L. Redes
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.L.R.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Laura S. Kraemer
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.M.P.); (M.M.); (E.M.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Kirk M. Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.L.R.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.M.P.); (M.M.); (E.M.); (L.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-761-6682
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13
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Zhang MY, Wang HQ, Shao ZH. [Effect of COVID-19 on the blood system and its mechanism]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:608-611. [PMID: 32810972 PMCID: PMC7449778 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - H Q Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Z H Shao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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14
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Ye R, Zhou X, Shao F, Xiong L, Hong J, Huang H, Tong W, Wang J, Chen S, Cui A, Peng C, Zhao Y, Chen L. Feasibility of a 5G-Based Robot-Assisted Remote Ultrasound System for Cardiopulmonary Assessment of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Chest 2020; 159:270-281. [PMID: 32653568 PMCID: PMC7347315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional methods for cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose risks to both patients and examiners. This necessitates a remote examination of such patients without sacrificing information quality. Research Question The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of a 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system in examining patients with COVID-19 and to establish an examination protocol for telerobotic ultrasound scanning. Study Design and Methods Twenty-three patients with COVID-19 were included and divided into two groups. Twelve were nonsevere cases, and 11 were severe cases. All patients underwent a 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system examination of the lungs and heart following an established protocol. Distribution characteristics and morphology of the lung and surrounding tissue lesions, left ventricular ejection fraction, ventricular area ratio, pericardial effusion, and examination-related complications were recorded. Bilateral lung lesions were evaluated by using a lung ultrasound score. Results The remote ultrasound system successfully and safely performed cardiopulmonary examinations of all patients. Peripheral lung lesions were clearly evaluated. Severe cases of COVID-19 had significantly more diseased regions (median [interquartile range], 6.0 [2.0-11.0] vs 1.0 [0.0-2.8]) and higher lung ultrasound scores (12.0 [4.0-24.0] vs 2.0 [0.0-4.0]) than nonsevere cases of COVID-19 (both, P < .05). One nonsevere case (8.3%; 95% CI, 1.5-35.4) and three severe cases (27.3%; 95% CI, 9.7-56.6) were complicated by pleural effusions. Four severe cases (36.4%; 95% CI, 15.2-64.6) were complicated by pericardial effusions (vs 0% of nonsevere cases, P < .05). No patients had significant examination-related complications. Interpretation Use of the 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system is feasible and effectively obtains ultrasound characteristics for cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with COVID-19. By following established protocols and considering medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory markers, this system might help to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Ye
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianlong Zhou
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Medical aiding team for COVID-19 in Hubei, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jun Hong
- Medical aiding team for COVID-19 in Hubei, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Medical aiding team for COVID-19 in Hubei, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Gennlife (Beijing) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangxi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ailin Cui
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengzhong Peng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Legao Chen
- Medical aiding team for COVID-19 in Hubei, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Kumar R, Gupta N, Kodan P, Mittal A, Soneja M, Wig N. Battling COVID-19: using old weapons for a new enemy. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:6. [PMID: 32454984 PMCID: PMC7237624 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic proportions. Most of the drugs that are being tried for the treatment have not been evaluated in any randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this review was to summarize the in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of these drugs on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and related viruses (SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and evaluate their potential for re-purposing them in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Parul Kodan
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia hospital & Post-Graduate Institute of Medica education and Research, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
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16
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Gharote MA. Role of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase-1 inhibition by nicotinamide as a possible additive treatment to modulate host immune response and prevention of cytokine storm in COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7217270 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_29_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is rapidly spreading contagious disease spreading across the world. Patients at risk are elderly people and those with comorbidity. Early studies done on Chinese patients who suggest cytokine storm to be responsible for lung injury. We need to understand the mechanism of modulating such robust response of immunity and resultant cytokine storm. We suggest nicotinamide, a potential poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, as a supportive treatment for the prevention of cytokine storm from injuring the lung parenchyma. Nicotinamide supplementation albeit at high dose may modulate outcome in COVID-19. Nicotinamide was used previously to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and lung injury due to hypoxia. Nicotinamide congeners are used to treat chronic lung disease like tuberculosis. Certainly, nicotinamide is effective pharmacotherapy in lung injury – whether acute or chronic. Other measures used in treating COVID-19 are focusing on targeting interleukin-6 – a cytokine responsible for mayhem, while few are targeting granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor. We suggest targeting PARP in addition to other measures to block cytokines. By inhibiting PARP course of COVID-19 may be altered. Understanding the pathophysiology of acute lung injury is crucial. PARP plays a pivotal role on cytokine release in response to any lung injury ranging from viral infection to hypoxia. Various antiviral defenses and immune response need to be studied in detail.
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17
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Bersanelli M. Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:269-273. [PMID: 32212881 PMCID: PMC7117596 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Medicine & Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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18
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Lonati C, Gatti S, Catania A. Activation of Melanocortin Receptors as a Potential Strategy to Reduce Local and Systemic Reactions Induced by Respiratory Viruses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:569241. [PMID: 33362713 PMCID: PMC7758465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.569241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical hallmarks of infections caused by critical respiratory viruses consist of pneumonia, which can progress to acute lung injury (ALI), and systemic manifestations including hypercoagulopathy, vascular dysfunction, and endotheliitis. The disease outcome largely depends on the immune response produced by the host. The bio-molecular mechanisms underlying certain dire consequences of the infection partly arise from an aberrant production of inflammatory molecules, an event denoted as "cytokine storm". Therefore, in addition to antiviral therapies, molecules able to prevent the injury caused by cytokine excess are under investigation. In this perspective, taking advantage of melanocortin peptides and their receptors, components of an endogenous modulatory system that exerts marked anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory influences, could be an effective therapeutic strategy to control disease evolution. Exploiting the melanocortin system using natural or synthetic ligands can form a realistic basis to counteract certain deleterious effects of respiratory virus infections. The central and peripheral protective actions exerted following melanocortin receptor activation could allow dampening the harmful events that trigger the cytokine storm and endothelial dysfunction while sustaining the beneficial signals required to elicit repair mechanisms. The long standing evidence for melanocortin safety encourages this approach.
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19
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Vom Steeg LG, Attreed SE, Zirkin B, Klein SL. Testosterone treatment of aged male mice improves some but not all aspects of age-associated increases in influenza severity. Cell Immunol 2019; 345:103988. [PMID: 31540670 PMCID: PMC6876866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The severity of influenza increases with age, with worse disease in aged males than females. Testosterone concentrations decline with age in males, which may impact influenza pathogenesis. Aged male mice were treated with testosterone or placebo and outcomes during influenza A virus (IAV) infection were compared with adult male mice. Aged males experienced greater morbidity and mortality than adult males, which was partially improved by testosterone treatment of aged males. Aged males cleared IAV from lungs slower than adult males, regardless of testosterone treatment. As compared with adult males, aged males experienced pulmonary, but not systemic, cytokine dysregulation, and delayed influx and contraction of IAV-specific CD8+ T cells in the lungs. Testosterone treatment in aged males partially restored pulmonary cytokine responses to levels consistent with adult males but did not alter the age-associated changes in IAV-specific CD8+ T cells. Testosterone only modestly improves outcomes of influenza in aged males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon G Vom Steeg
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Tang BM, Shojaei M, Teoh S, Meyers A, Ho J, Ball TB, Keynan Y, Pisipati A, Kumar A, Eisen DP, Lai K, Gillett M, Santram R, Geffers R, Schreiber J, Mozhui K, Huang S, Parnell GP, Nalos M, Holubova M, Chew T, Booth D, Kumar A, McLean A, Schughart K. Neutrophils-related host factors associated with severe disease and fatality in patients with influenza infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3422. [PMID: 31366921 PMCID: PMC6668409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infection has no effective treatment available. One of the key barriers to developing host-directed therapy is a lack of reliable prognostic factors needed to guide such therapy. Here, we use a network analysis approach to identify host factors associated with severe influenza and fatal outcome. In influenza patients with moderate-to-severe diseases, we uncover a complex landscape of immunological pathways, with the main changes occurring in pathways related to circulating neutrophils. Patients with severe disease display excessive neutrophil extracellular traps formation, neutrophil-inflammation and delayed apoptosis, all of which have been associated with fatal outcome in animal models. Excessive neutrophil activation correlates with worsening oxygenation impairment and predicted fatal outcome (AUROC 0.817-0.898). These findings provide new evidence that neutrophil-dominated host response is associated with poor outcomes. Measuring neutrophil-related changes may improve risk stratification and patient selection, a critical first step in developing host-directed immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia. .,Respiratory Tract Infection Research Node, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Maryam Shojaei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally Teoh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrienne Meyers
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John Ho
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - T Blake Ball
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amarnath Pisipati
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Laurentian, Canada
| | - Damon P Eisen
- Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Gillett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rahul Santram
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Otto-von-Guerike University of Magdeburg, Clinic of Pneumology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant P Parnell
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marek Nalos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Plzen, Charles University Prague, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Centre, Medical Faculty Plzen, Charles University Prague, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatic Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anthony McLean
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
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21
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Sun Y, Jiang J, Tien P, Liu W, Li J. IFN-λ: A new spotlight in innate immunity against influenza virus infection. Protein Cell 2019; 9:832-837. [PMID: 29332267 PMCID: PMC6160391 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Po Tien
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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22
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PPAR-γ in Macrophages Limits Pulmonary Inflammation and Promotes Host Recovery following Respiratory Viral Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00030-19. [PMID: 30787149 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00030-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) play pivotal roles in modulating host defense, pulmonary inflammation, and tissue injury following respiratory viral infections. However, the transcriptional regulation of AM function during respiratory viral infections is still largely undefined. Here we have screened the expression of 84 transcription factors in AM in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found that the transcription factor PPAR-γ was downregulated following IAV infection in AM through type I interferon (IFN)-dependent signaling. PPAR-γ expression in AM was critical for the suppression of exaggerated antiviral and inflammatory responses of AM following IAV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency resulted in enhanced host morbidity and increased pulmonary inflammation following both IAV and RSV infections, suggesting that macrophage PPAR-γ is vital for restricting severe host disease development. Using approaches to selectively deplete recruiting monocytes, we demonstrate that PPAR-γ expression in resident AM is likely important in regulating host disease development. Furthermore, we show that PPAR-γ was critical for the expression of wound healing genes in AM. As such, myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency resulted in impaired inflammation resolution and defective tissue repair following IAV infection. Our data suggest a critical role of PPAR-γ expression in lung macrophages in the modulation of pulmonary inflammation, the development of acute host diseases, and the proper restoration of tissue homeostasis following respiratory viral infections.IMPORTANCE Respiratory viral infections, like IAV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, impose great challenges to public health. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are lung-resident immune cells that play important roles in protecting the host against IAV and RSV infections. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AM modulate host inflammation, disease development, and tissue recovery are not very well understood. Here we identify that PPAR-γ expression in AM is crucial to suppress pulmonary inflammation and diseases and to promote fast host recovery from IAV and RSV infections. Our data suggest that targeting macrophage PPAR-γ may be a promising therapeutic option in the future to suppress acute inflammation and simultaneously promote recovery from severe diseases associated with respiratory viral infections.
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Vermillion MS, Ursin RL, Attreed SE, Klein SL. Estriol Reduces Pulmonary Immune Cell Recruitment and Inflammation to Protect Female Mice From Severe Influenza. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3306-3320. [PMID: 30032246 PMCID: PMC6109301 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estriol (E3) is an endogenous estrogen in females with broad biological activity within diverse tissue types. In the context of certain T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory diseases, E3 can ameliorate disease severity through immunomodulatory mechanisms that decrease tissue inflammation. Severe disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection is also characterized by aberrant inflammation and immunopathology. How E3 might affect the pathogenesis of IAV infection, however, has not been explored. Gonadally intact female C57BL/6 mice that were treated with exogenous E3 during infection with mouse-adapted 2009 H1N1 had reduced total pulmonary inflammation and improved disease outcomes compared with females that received no hormone. Furthermore, compared with no hormone treatment, E3 treatment reduced the induction of genes associated with proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the lungs, which preceded clinical disease, reductions in innate immune cell recruitment, altered pulmonary T-cell skewing, and reduced antibody titers during IAV infection. Although E3 treatment was associated with reduced local and systemic anti-influenza adaptive immune responses, there was no effect of E3 on viral replication or clearance. Together, these data suggest that exogenous E3 confers protection during IAV infection through immunomodulatory mechanisms and that E3 may have broad therapeutic potential in the context of both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca L Ursin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Sabra L. Klein, PhD, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. E-mail:
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Ranadheera C, Coombs KM, Kobasa D. Comprehending a Killer: The Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways Are Temporally High-Jacked by the Highly Pathogenic 1918 Influenza Virus. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:142-163. [PMID: 29866590 PMCID: PMC6021456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous transcriptomic analyses suggested that the 1918 influenza A virus (IAV1918), one of the most devastating pandemic viruses of the 20th century, induces a dysfunctional cytokine storm and affects other innate immune response patterns. Because all viruses are obligate parasites that require host cells for replication, we globally assessed how IAV1918 induces host protein dysregulation. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry of IAV1918-infected cells to measure host protein dysregulation. Selected proteins were validated by immunoblotting and phosphorylation levels of members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were assessed. Compared to mock-infected controls, >170 proteins in the IAV1918-infected cells were dysregulated. Proteins mapped to amino sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, transmembrane receptors, phosphatases and transcription regulation. Immunoblotting demonstrated that IAV1918 induced a slight up-regulation of the lamin B receptor whereas all other tested virus strains induced a significant down-regulation. IAV1918 also strongly induced Rab5b expression whereas all other tested viruses induced minor up-regulation or down-regulation. IAV1918 showed early reduced phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway members and was especially sensitive to rapamycin. These results suggest the 1918 strain requires mTORC1 activity in early replication events, and may explain the unique pathogenicity of this virus. Proteomic analyses of influenza 1918 virus-infected cells identified >170 dysregulated host proteins. Dysregulated proteins mapped to numerous important cellular pathways. 1918 virus infection showed prominent early reduced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.
The 1918 influenza pandemic was one of the most devastating infectious disease events of the 20th century, resulting in 20–100 million deaths. Gene-based assays showed severe dysregulation of the host's cytokine responses, but little was known about global protein responses to virus infection. This work identifies unique and temporal alterations in phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is important in determining cell death. This work paves the way for further research on how this pathway influences host mechanisms responsible for aiding virus replication and in determining levels and severity of influenza virus-induced patho
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Ranadheera
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Room 513, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.
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25
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Gounder AP, Yokoyama CC, Jarjour NN, Bricker TL, Edelson BT, Boon ACM. Interferon induced protein 35 exacerbates H5N1 influenza disease through the expression of IL-12p40 homodimer. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007001. [PMID: 29698474 PMCID: PMC5940246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokinemia is a hallmark of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus (IAV) disease yet little is known about the role of host proteins in modulating a pathogenic innate immune response. The host Interferon Induced Protein 35 (Ifi35) has been implicated in increased susceptibility to H5N1-IAV infection. Here, we show that Ifi35 deficiency leads to reduced morbidity in mouse models of highly pathogenic H5N1- and pandemic H1N1-IAV infection. Reduced weight loss in Ifi35-/- mice following H5N1-IAV challenge was associated with reduced cellular infiltration and decreased production of specific cytokines and chemokines including IL-12p40. Expression of Ifi35 by the hematopoietic cell compartment in bone-marrow chimeric mice contributed to increased immune cell recruitment and IL-12p40 production. In addition, Ifi35 deficient primary macrophages produce less IL-12p40 following TLR-3, TLR-4, and TLR-7 stimulation in vitro. Decreased levels of IL-12p40 and its homodimer, IL-12p80, were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of H5N1-IAV infected Ifi35 deficient mice. Specific antibody blockade of IL-12p80 ameliorated weight loss and reduced cellular infiltration following H5N1-IAV infection in wild-type mice; suggesting that increased levels of IL-12p80 alters the immune response to promote inflammation and IAV disease. These data establish a role for Ifi35 in modulating cytokine production and exacerbating inflammation during IAV infection. Highly pathogenic influenza A viruses (IAV) are an important human pathogen that cause high mortality and can acquire the ability to cause pandemics. Following highly pathogenic H5N1-IAV infection, exaggerated inflammatory responses are detrimental to the host and lead to more disease; tipping the balance between protection and pathology. Understanding the role of host genes that enhance inflammation will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets and treatments to help lessen severe disease. Here, we report that the deletion of an interferon induced gene, Ifi35 (interferon induced protein 35), in mice protects the host from severe morbidity following H5N1 infection. Ifi35 enhances inflammation following H5N1 infection by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production; notably, the cytokine IL-12p40 and its homodimer, IL-12p80. Blocking IL-12p80 in mice led to reduced weight loss following H5N1 infection. Thus, our results provide insights into the development of therapeutic agents against host factors, Ifi35 and IL-12p80, to help control inflammation and inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu P. Gounder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Christine C. Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Talaat KR, Halsey NA, Cox AB, Coles CL, Durbin AP, Ramakrishnan A, Bream JH. Rapid changes in serum cytokines and chemokines in response to inactivated influenza vaccination. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:202-210. [PMID: 28991404 PMCID: PMC5820426 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of host cytokine responses to influenza vaccination is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We examined serum cytokine kinetics following inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) to better understand potential relationships between markers of inflammation and TIV-related side effects. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty healthy adult subjects received TIV. Cytokines/chemokines were assessed in intervals from 3 hours to 14 days. Antibody titers were measured at baseline and Day 14. RESULTS Serum cytokine responses to TIV were evident as early as 3 hours post-immunization. Compared to baseline, IFN-γ and IP-10 were significantly elevated 7 hours after TIV administration. Both remained elevated and peaked between 16 and 24 hours before returning to baseline by 44 hours post-vaccination. Although IL-8 levels were variable between subjects during the first 24 hours after TIV, by 44 hours, IL-8 was significantly lower compared to baseline. Interestingly, IL-8 levels remained significantly lower for up to 2 weeks after receiving TIV. Fifteen of 20 subjects reported mild adverse events. The one subject who reported moderate myalgias and injection site pain after vaccination displayed a distinctive, early cytokine response profile which included IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, TARC, and MCP-4. CONCLUSIONS Serum cytokines changed rapidly following TIV and generally peaked at 24 hours. Trivalent influenza vaccine-induced reductions in IL-8 occurred later (44 hours) and were sustained for 2 weeks. An outlier response coincided with the only moderate side effects to the vaccine. These data suggest that early cytokine/chemokine responses may provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of adverse events and immune reactivity to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar R. Talaat
- Center for Immunization Research (CIR)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Institute for Vaccine SafetyDepartment of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Neal A. Halsey
- Institute for Vaccine SafetyDepartment of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Amber B. Cox
- Center for Immunization Research (CIR)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Christian L. Coles
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research ProgramUniformed Services University of the HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research (CIR)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Amritha Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jay H. Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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27
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Baicalin Downregulates RLRs Signaling Pathway to Control Influenza A Virus Infection and Improve the Prognosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4923062. [PMID: 29681974 PMCID: PMC5846362 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4923062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of baicalin on controlling the pulmonary infection and improving the prognosis in influenza A virus (IAV) infection. PCR and western blot were used to measure the changes of some key factors in RLRs signaling pathway. MSD electrochemiluminescence was used to measure the expression of pulmonary inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and KC/GRO. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg. The results showed that IAV infection led to low body weight and high viral load and high expression of RIG-I, IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB mRNA, as well as RIG-I and NF-κB p65 protein. However, baicalin reduced the rate of body weight loss, inhibited virus replication, and downregulated the key factors of the RLRs signaling pathway. Besides, baicalin reduced the high expression inflammatory cytokines in lung and decreased the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to arouse a brief but not overviolent inflammatory response. Therefore, baicalin activated a balanced host inflammatory response to limit immunopathologic injury, which was helpful to the improvement of clinical and survival outcomes.
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Hornick EE, Banoth B, Miller AM, Zacharias ZR, Jain N, Wilson ME, Gibson-Corley KN, Legge KL, Bishop GA, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL. Nlrp12 Mediates Adverse Neutrophil Recruitment during Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1188-1197. [PMID: 29282312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated inflammatory responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection are typically associated with severe disease. Neutrophils are among the immune cells that can drive this excessive and detrimental inflammation. In moderation, however, neutrophils are necessary for optimal viral control. In this study, we explore the role of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor family member Nlrp12 in modulating neutrophilic responses during lethal IAV infection. Nlrp12-/- mice are protected from lethality during IAV infection and show decreased vascular permeability, fewer pulmonary neutrophils, and a reduction in levels of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 in their lungs compared with wild-type mice. Nlrp12-/- neutrophils and dendritic cells within the IAV-infected lungs produce less CXCL1 than their wild-type counterparts. Decreased CXCL1 production by Nlrp12-/- dendritic cells was not due to a difference in CXCL1 protein stability, but instead to a decrease in Cxcl1 mRNA stability. Together, these data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Nlrp12 in exacerbating the pathogenesis of IAV infection through the regulation of CXCL1-mediated neutrophilic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hornick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ann M Miller
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246; and
| | | | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and selected topics of interest in Bordetella pertussis virulence and pathogenesis and treatment of pertussis. It is not intended to cover issues on immune responses to B. pertussis infection or problems with currently used pertussis vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on the activities of various B. pertussis virulence factors include the immunomodulatory activities of filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, and adenylate cyclase toxin. Recently emerging B. pertussis strains show evidence of genetic selection for vaccine escape mutants, with changes in vaccine antigen-expressing genes, some of which may have increased the virulence of this pathogen. Severe and fatal pertussis in young infants continues to be a problem, with several studies highlighting predictors of fatality, including the extreme leukocytosis associated with this infection. Treatments for pertussis are extremely limited, though early antibiotic intervention may be beneficial. Neutralizing pertussis toxin activity may be an effective strategy, as well as targeting two host proteins, pendrin and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, as novel potential therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY Pertussis is reemerging as a major public health problem and continued basic research is revealing information on bacterial virulence and disease pathogenesis, as well as potential novel strategies for vaccination and targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) results from an exacerbated immunological response that is highlighted by a burst in the production of inflammatory mediators known as a "cytokine storm." Previous reports have suggested that nonspecific activation of T lymphocytes may play a central role in this phenomenon. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (Tim-1) has recently been shown to interact with virion-associated phosphatidylserine to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate the central role of Tim-1 in EBOV pathogenesis, as Tim-1-/- mice exhibited increased survival rates and reduced disease severity; surprisingly, only a limited decrease in viremia was detected. Tim-1-/- mice exhibited a modified inflammatory response as evidenced by changes in serum cytokines and activation of T helper subsets. A series of in vitro assays based on the Tim-1 expression profile on T cells demonstrated that despite the apparent absence of detectable viral replication in T lymphocytes, EBOV directly binds to isolated T lymphocytes in a phosphatidylserine-Tim-1-dependent manner. Exposure to EBOV resulted in the rapid development of a CD4Hi CD3Low population, non-antigen-specific activation, and cytokine production. Transcriptome and Western blot analysis of EBOV-stimulated CD4+ T cells confirmed the induction of the Tim-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, comparative analysis of transcriptome data and cytokine/chemokine analysis of supernatants highlight the similarities associated with EBOV-stimulated T cells and the onset of a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry revealed virtually exclusive binding and activation of central memory CD4+ T cells. These findings provide evidence for the role of Tim-1 in the induction of a cytokine storm phenomenon and the pathogenesis of EVD.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus infection is characterized by a massive release of inflammatory mediators, which has come to be known as a cytokine storm. The severity of the cytokine storm is consistently linked with fatal disease outcome. Previous findings have demonstrated that specific T-cell subsets are key contributors to the onset of a cytokine storm. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-1, a T-cell-receptor-independent trigger of T-cell activation. We first demonstrated that Tim-1-knockout (KO) mice survive lethal Ebola virus challenge. We then used a series of in vitro assays to demonstrate that Ebola virus directly binds primary T cells in a Tim-1-phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. We noted that binding induces a cytokine storm-like phenomenon and that blocking Tim-1-phosphatidylserine interactions reduces viral binding, T-cell activation, and cytokine production. These findings highlight a previously unknown role of Tim-1 in the development of a cytokine storm and "immune paralysis."
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Younan P, Iampietro M, Nishida A, Ramanathan P, Santos RI, Dutta M, Lubaki NM, Koup RA, Katze MG, Bukreyev A. Ebola Virus Binding to Tim-1 on T Lymphocytes Induces a Cytokine Storm. mBio 2017. [PMID: 28951472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00845-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) results from an exacerbated immunological response that is highlighted by a burst in the production of inflammatory mediators known as a "cytokine storm." Previous reports have suggested that nonspecific activation of T lymphocytes may play a central role in this phenomenon. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (Tim-1) has recently been shown to interact with virion-associated phosphatidylserine to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate the central role of Tim-1 in EBOV pathogenesis, as Tim-1-/- mice exhibited increased survival rates and reduced disease severity; surprisingly, only a limited decrease in viremia was detected. Tim-1-/- mice exhibited a modified inflammatory response as evidenced by changes in serum cytokines and activation of T helper subsets. A series of in vitro assays based on the Tim-1 expression profile on T cells demonstrated that despite the apparent absence of detectable viral replication in T lymphocytes, EBOV directly binds to isolated T lymphocytes in a phosphatidylserine-Tim-1-dependent manner. Exposure to EBOV resulted in the rapid development of a CD4Hi CD3Low population, non-antigen-specific activation, and cytokine production. Transcriptome and Western blot analysis of EBOV-stimulated CD4+ T cells confirmed the induction of the Tim-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, comparative analysis of transcriptome data and cytokine/chemokine analysis of supernatants highlight the similarities associated with EBOV-stimulated T cells and the onset of a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry revealed virtually exclusive binding and activation of central memory CD4+ T cells. These findings provide evidence for the role of Tim-1 in the induction of a cytokine storm phenomenon and the pathogenesis of EVD.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus infection is characterized by a massive release of inflammatory mediators, which has come to be known as a cytokine storm. The severity of the cytokine storm is consistently linked with fatal disease outcome. Previous findings have demonstrated that specific T-cell subsets are key contributors to the onset of a cytokine storm. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-1, a T-cell-receptor-independent trigger of T-cell activation. We first demonstrated that Tim-1-knockout (KO) mice survive lethal Ebola virus challenge. We then used a series of in vitro assays to demonstrate that Ebola virus directly binds primary T cells in a Tim-1-phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. We noted that binding induces a cytokine storm-like phenomenon and that blocking Tim-1-phosphatidylserine interactions reduces viral binding, T-cell activation, and cytokine production. These findings highlight a previously unknown role of Tim-1 in the development of a cytokine storm and "immune paralysis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Younan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukta Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ndongala Michel Lubaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael G Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Guo XZJ, Thomas PG. New fronts emerge in the influenza cytokine storm. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:541-550. [PMID: 28555383 PMCID: PMC5580809 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in humans and animals with the ability to cause extensive morbidity and mortality. Exuberant immune responses induced following infection have been described as a "cytokine storm," associated with excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines and widespread tissue damage. Recent studies have painted a more complex picture of cytokine networks and their contributions to clinical outcomes. While many cytokines clearly inflict immunopathology, others have non-pathological delimited roles in sending alarm signals, facilitating viral clearance, and promoting tissue repair, such as the IL-33-amphiregulin axis, which plays a key role in resolving some types of lung damage. Recent literature suggests that type 2 cytokines, traditionally thought of as not involved in anti-influenza immunity, may play an important regulatory role. Here, we discuss the diverse roles played by cytokines after influenza infection and highlight new, serene features of the cytokine storm, while highlighting the specific functions of relevant cytokines that perform unique immune functions and may have applications for influenza therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi J Guo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Boyapelly K, Bonin MA, Traboulsi H, Cloutier A, Phaneuf SC, Fortin D, Cantin AM, Richter MV, Marsault E. Synthesis and Characterization of a Phosphate Prodrug of Isoliquiritigenin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:879-886. [PMID: 28252963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (1) possesses a variety of biological activities in vitro. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits its use for subsequent in vivo experimentation. In order to enable the use of 1 for in vivo studies without the use of toxic carriers or cosolvents, a phosphate prodrug strategy was implemented relying on the availability of phenol groups in the molecule. In this study, a phosphate group was added to position C-4 of 1, leading to the more water-soluble prodrug 2 and its ammonium salt 3, which possesses increased stability compared to 2. Herein are reported the synthesis, characterization, solubility, and stability of phosphate prodrug 3 in biological medium in comparison to 1, as well as new results on its anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. As designed, the solubility of prodrug 3 was superior to that of the parent natural product 1 (9.6 mg/mL as opposed to 3.9 μg/mL). Prodrug 3 as an ammonium salt was also found to possess excellent stability as a solid and in aqueous solution, as opposed to its phosphoric acid precursor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Boyapelly
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel C Phaneuf
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - André M Cantin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin V Richter
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Kobzik L. Searching for a Lifeline: Transcriptome Profiling Studies of Influenza Susceptibility and Resistance. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:232-242. [PMID: 28249256 DOI: 10.1159/000457902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess or dysregulated host inflammatory responses cause much of the morbidity and mortality caused by severe influenza. Given the limitations of vaccines and antiviral drugs, novel therapeutics to modulate host responses and improve outcomes in severe influenza are needed. One strategy is to learn from the direct comparison of high-survivor versus high-mortality animal models. This review surveys the results of lung transcriptome profiling studies in murine models that directly compare susceptible versus resistant hosts challenged with identical influenza infections. The potential contributions and limitations of these studies are discussed. To amplify their power, the studies are subjected to a meta-analysis, which helps identify frequently dysregulated pathways and potentially novel areas for investigation. Using connectivity map-based tools (LINCS), transcriptome signatures linked to susceptibility can identify candidate drugs that merit testing for in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Chan-Hui PY, Swiderek KM. Immunological considerations for developing antibody therapeutics for Influenza A. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:474-7. [PMID: 26325257 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1079676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection can give rise to serious illness leading to complications and hospitalization of patients. The efficacy of current standard of care is very limited and provides little relief for patients hospitalized with serious flu. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against influenza are being developed as new treatment options for this patient population. When developing antibody therapeutics, it is important to consider all possible immunologic effects of the antibodies on viral infection and disease progression including those other than the postulated therapeutic mechanisms. An area of concern is the potential of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of illness. ADE of viral infections has been extensively described for Dengue virus (DENV) but not for influenza. Recently, preliminary results from clinical viral challenge studies of anti-HA-stalk mAbs suggested the possibility of enhanced viral shedding, raising concerns for ADE when utilizing mAbs as therapeutic intervention for influenza although viral shedding was not enhanced in the clinical viral challenge of anti-M2 mAb TCN-032. We herein discuss the known mechanisms of ADE and their relevance to developing mAbs such as anti-HA and anti-M2 for influenza disease.
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Newton AH, Cardani A, Braciale TJ. The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:471-82. [PMID: 26965109 PMCID: PMC4896975 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to the external environment, and therefore, must be equipped to respond to and eliminate pathogens. Viral clearance and resolution of infection requires a complex, multi-faceted response initiated by resident respiratory tract cells and innate immune cells and ultimately resolved by adaptive immune cells. Although an effective immune response to eliminate viral pathogens is essential, a prolonged or exaggerated response can damage the respiratory tract. Immune-mediated pulmonary damage is manifested clinically in a variety of ways depending on location and extent of injury. Thus, the antiviral immune response represents a balancing act between the elimination of virus and immune-mediated pulmonary injury. In this review, we highlight major components of the host response to acute viral infection and their role in contributing to mitigating respiratory damage. We also briefly describe common clinical manifestations of respiratory viral infection and morphological correlates. The continuing threat posed by pandemic influenza as well as the emergence of novel respiratory viruses also capable of producing severe acute lung injury such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and enterovirus D68, highlights the need for an understanding of the immune mechanisms that contribute to virus elimination and immune-mediated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Newton
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Amber Cardani
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Wang G, Li R, Jiang Z, Gu L, Chen Y, Dai J, Li K. Influenza Virus Induces Inflammatory Response in Mouse Primary Cortical Neurons with Limited Viral Replication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8076989. [PMID: 27525278 PMCID: PMC4972929 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8076989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike stereotypical neurotropic viruses, influenza A viruses have been detected in the brain tissues of human and animal models. To investigate the interaction between neurons and influenza A viruses, mouse cortical neurons were isolated, infected with human H1N1 influenza virus, and then examined for the production of various inflammatory molecules involved in immune response. We found that replication of the influenza virus in neurons was limited, although early viral transcription was not affected. Virus-induced neuron viability decreased at 6 h postinfection (p.i.) but increased at 24 h p.i. depending upon the viral strain. Virus-induced apoptosis and cytopathy in primary cortical neurons were not apparent at 24 h p.i. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons were upregulated at 6 h and 24 h p.i. These results indicate that the influenza virus induces inflammatory response in mouse primary cortical neurons with limited viral replication. The cytokines released in viral infection-induced neuroinflammation might play critical roles in influenza encephalopathy, rather than in viral replication-induced cytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- *Rui Li: and
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liming Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- *Kangsheng Li:
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Galassie AC, Link AJ. Proteomic contributions to our understanding of vaccine and immune responses. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:972-89. [PMID: 26172619 PMCID: PMC4713355 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest public health successes; yet, due to the empirical nature of vaccine design, we have an incomplete understanding of how the genes and proteins induced by vaccines contribute to the development of both protective innate and adaptive immune responses. While the advent of genomics has enabled new vaccine development and facilitated understanding of the immune response, proteomics identifies potentially new vaccine antigens with increasing speed and sensitivity. In addition, as proteomics is complementary to transcriptomic approaches, a combination of both approaches provides a more comprehensive view of the immune response after vaccination via systems vaccinology. This review details the advances that proteomic strategies have made in vaccine development and reviews how proteomics contributes to the development of a more complete understanding of human vaccines and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Merani S, Chen W, Elahi S. The bitter side of sweet: the role of Galectin-9 in immunopathogenesis of viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:175-86. [PMID: 25760439 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a critical role for β-galactoside-binding protein, Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has emerged in infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer. It is a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (Tim-3), a type-I glycoprotein that is persistently expressed on dysfunctional T cells during chronic viral infections. Gal-9 exerts its pivotal immunomodulatory effects by inducing apoptosis or suppressing effector functions via engagement with its receptor, Tim-3. Recent studies report elevation of circulating Gal-9 in humans infected with different viral infections. Interaction of soluble Gal-9 with Tim-3 expressed on the surface of activated CD4+ T cells renders them less susceptible to HIV-1 infection, while enhanced HIV infection occurs when Gal-9 interacts with a different receptor than Tim-3. This indicates the versatile role of Gal-9 in viral pathogenesis. For instance, higher expression of Tim-3 during chronic viral infection and elevation of plasma Gal-9 may have evolved to limit persistent immune activation and pathogenic T cells activity. In contrast, Gal-9 can suppress the effectiveness of immunity against viral infections. In agreement, Gal-9 knockout mice mount a more robust and vigorous virus-specific immune response in acute and chronic viral infections resulting in rapid viral clearance. In line with this observation, blocking Gal-9 signals to Tim-3-expressing T cells result in improved immune responses. Here we review the biological and immunological properties of Gal-9 in viral infections (HIV, HCV, HBV, HSV, CMV, influenza, and dengue virus). Manipulating Gal-9 signals may have immunotherapeutic potential and could represent an alternative approach for improving immune responses to viral infections/vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzma Merani
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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