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Smail EJ, Rebok GW, Gross AL, Clay OJ, Ball K, Crowe M, Kaufmann CN, Manini T, Parisi JM. Longitudinal associations of life space mobility and domain-specific cognitive measures in ACTIVE. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39396242 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2413720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
We tested the longitudinal associations between life space mobility (LSM) at baseline and cognitive performance in three domains (memory, reasoning, and speed of processing) over time. Our analytic sample includes 2,690 older adults (mean age = 73.0, 75.9% female) participating in the ACTIVE Study. We used multiple linear mixed-effects models to evaluate whether LSM, measured using the Life Space Questionnaire, at baseline was longitudinally associated with scores on eight cognitive tests and three composite scores across 10 years. In unadjusted models, there were significant main effects of baseline LSM on memory and reasoning domains, and one speed of processing test (beta: 0.019 to 0.055, p < 0.05). All effects were non-significant in adjusted models. Over time, baseline LSM was associated with one memory test score in adjusted models. Greater LSM at baseline is associated with marginally higher cognitive performance but does not appear to affect the rate of cognitive change at a clinically significant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Smail
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - George W Rebok
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivio J Clay
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karlene Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Crowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher N Kaufmann
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd Manini
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeanine M Parisi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Di Stefano N, Lo Presti D, Raiano L, Massaroni C, Romano C, Schena E, Leman M, Formica D. Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22267. [PMID: 39333749 PMCID: PMC11437052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Playing music is a complex task that relies on the combination of musicians' technical and expressive skills. While the literature has investigated the effects of musical expressivity on the listeners, the way how technical difficulty and emotional expressivity affect musicians during playing has surprisingly received no attention. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, we collected behavioral and physiological data from twelve violinists playing 29 pieces that included both technical exercises and excerpts from classical repertoire for violin. After playing each stimulus, participants rated it for emotional expressivity and technical difficulty. During the entire session, cardiac parameters and electrodermal activity were collected, together with the kinematic parameters of the bowing gesture. A set of Linear Mixed-Effect (LME) models suggested that emotional expressivity attributed to music affected the fluidity of bowing (i.e., smoothness), with the excerpts rated as more expressive being performed in a less smooth way. In contrast, LME models revealed no effects of expressivity and technical difficulty on any of the physiological parameters of violinists. Our results offer novel insights into the psychophysiological dynamics that link motor parameters with musical expressivity. These findings could influence educational practices in music and deepen our understanding of aesthetic emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Stefano
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Gian Domenico Romagnosi, 18, Rome, 00196, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Raiano
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Leman
- Institute for Systematic Musicology (IPEM), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Domenico Formica
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Li D, Saigal R, Adriaens P. Impact of Flooding and Drought Risks on the Cost of Bond Financing for Water Utilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39099403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The global water cycle has experienced significant changes due to the interplay of climate shifts and human activities, resulting in more frequent and severe droughts and floods. These shifts have started to impact the operational efficiency of water treatment and delivery systems. This, in turn, has implications for the economic performance of these assets and the climate-impacted cost of their financing through the issuing of municipal bonds. Analyzing a decade of water bond data (2009-2019), this study offers empirical evidence for the impact of flood and drought risks on bond investor demand to offset water risks. The results reveal that bond markets factored in coastal flood risks between 2013 and 2019, adjusting by 3-6 basis points (bps) per risk score unit, and riverine flood risks from 2009 to 2013, with a 5-11 basis points increase per risk score unit. These effects were primarily driven by bonds issued in the Pacific Coast and Great Plains regions, respectively. In contrast, the pricing of drought risks in the bond market followed a more nuanced pattern. Additionally, we show the channeling effects of water consumption and investor perceptions of climate change on water risk pricing in the bond market. These findings have significant implications for water risk management in the public sector as regions with heightened water risk exposure are perceived as riskier by market participants, leading to a higher cost of capital for municipalities and water agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Center for Digital Asset Finance, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Romesh Saigal
- Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter Adriaens
- Center for Digital Asset Finance, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Carrard V, Berney S, Bourquin C, Ranjbar S, Castelao E, Schlegel K, Gaume J, Bart PA, Schmid Mast M, Preisig M, Berney A. Mental health and burnout during medical school: Longitudinal evolution and covariates. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295100. [PMID: 38626104 PMCID: PMC11020803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' rate of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and burnout have been shown to be higher than those of the same-age general population. However, longitudinal studies spanning the whole course of medical school are scarce and present contradictory findings. This study aims to analyze the longitudinal evolution of mental health and burnout from the first to the last year of medical school using a wide range of indicators. Moreover, biopsychosocial covariates that can influence this evolution are explored. METHOD In an open cohort study design, 3066 annual questionnaires were filled in by 1595 different students from the first to the sixth year of the Lausanne Medical School (Switzerland). Depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, anxiety symptoms, stress, and burnout were measured along with biopsychosocial covariates. The longitudinal evolution of mental health and burnout and the impact of covariates were modelled with linear mixed models. RESULTS Comparison to a same-aged general population sample shows that medical students reported significantly more depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Medical students' mental health improved during the course of the studies in terms of depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, and stress, although suicidal ideation increased again in the last year and anxiety symptoms remained stable. Conversely, the results regarding burnout globally showed a significant worsening from beginning to end of medical school. The covariates most strongly related to better mental health and less burnout were less emotion-focused coping, more social support, and more satisfaction with health. CONCLUSION Both improvement of mental health and worsening of burnout were observed during the course of medical school. This underlines that the beginning and the end of medical school bring specific challenges with the first years' stressors negatively impacting mental health and the last year's difficulties negatively impacting burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carrard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Berney
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Bourquin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Gaume
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Bart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Mast
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne), Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Berney
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Calvez J, Blais A, Deglaire A, Gaudichon C, Blachier F, Davila AM. Minimal processed infant formula vs. conventional shows comparable protein quality and increased postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1115-1124. [PMID: 37993121 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
During industrial processing, heat treatments applied to infant formulas may affect protein digestion. Recently, innovative processing routes have been developed to produce minimally heat-processed infant formula. Our objective was to compare the in vivo protein digestion kinetics and protein quality of a minimally processed (T−) and a heat-treated (T+++) infant formula. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats (21 d) were fed with either a diet containing 40 % T− (n 30) or T+++ (n 30), or a milk protein control diet (n 8) during 2 weeks. T− and T+++ rats were then sequentially euthanised 0, 1, 2, 3 or 6 h (n 6/time point) after ingestion of a meal containing their experimental diet. Control rats were euthanised 6 h after ingestion of a protein-free meal to determine nitrogen and amino acid endogenous losses. Nitrogen and amino acid true caecal digestibility was high for both T− and T+++ diets (> 90 %), but a tendency towards higher nitrogen digestibility was observed for the T− diet (96·6 ± 3·1 %) compared with the T+++ diet (91·9 ± 5·4 %, P = 0·0891). This slightly increased digestibility led to a greater increase in total amino acid concentration in plasma after ingestion of the T− diet (P = 0·0010). Comparable protein quality between the two infant formulas was found with a digestible indispensable amino acid score of 0·8. In conclusion, this study showed that minimal processing routes to produce native infant formula do not modify protein quality but tend to enhance its true nitrogen digestibility and increase postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Calvez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91123, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Blais
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91123, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91123, Palaiseau, France
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91123, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91123, Palaiseau, France
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Schächinger Tenés LT, Weiner-Bühler JC, Volpin L, Grob A, Skoruppa K, Segerer RK. Language proficiency predictors of code-switching behavior in dual-language-learning children. BILINGUALISM (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2023; 26:942-958. [PMID: 37954660 PMCID: PMC7615292 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728923000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Code-switching, switching between different languages within the same conversation, is a prominent feature in bilingual communication. This study aimed to elucidate to what extent the linguistic abilities and age of dual-language-learning preschoolers influence the frequency and purposes of code-switching (compensatory, to bridge linguistic gaps; preferential, to express content as fluently as possible; pragmatic, to phrase something appropriately for the situation). Parental code-switching ratings of 101 German/French-Turkish/Italian dual-language learners aged 32-78 months were analyzed. Generalized linear mixed models revealed positive but no negative effects of societal- and heritage-language skills on children's code-switching frequencies independent of switching purposes and with no evidence of age effects. Hence, code-switching across the preschool age mainly reflects high linguistic competences. Models with linguistically and psychometrically parallelized language scores indicated a strong switching tendency toward the societal language when proficiency in both languages is high and away from the societal language when language proficiencies are low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Volpin
- Institute for speech and language therapy, Division of language and communication sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Skoruppa
- Institute for speech and language therapy, Division of language and communication sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - R K Segerer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Haselimashhadi H, Babalola K, Wilson R, Groza T, Muñoz-Fuentes V. A consensus score to combine inferences from multiple centres. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:379-388. [PMID: 37154937 PMCID: PMC10382396 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Experiments in which data are collected by multiple independent resources, including multicentre data, different laboratories within the same centre or with different operators, are challenging in design, data collection and interpretation. Indeed, inconsistent results across the resources are possible. In this paper, we propose a statistical solution for the problem of multi-resource consensus inferences when statistical results from different resources show variation in magnitude, directionality, and significance. Our proposed method allows combining the corrected p-values, effect sizes and the total number of centres into a global consensus score. We apply this method to obtain a consensus score for data collected by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) across 11 centres. We show the application of this method to detect sexual dimorphism in haematological data and discuss the suitability of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haselimashhadi
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Kolawole Babalola
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Robert Wilson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tudor Groza
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
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8
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Song G, Wang Q, Zhuang J, Jin J. Timely estimation of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under varying light regimes by coupling light drivers to leaf traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14048. [PMID: 37882289 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling informative chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits under varying light conditions is important in ecological studies but has less been investigated. In this study, the trait-ChlF relationship and regressive estimation of ChlF parameters from leaf traits under varying light conditions were investigated using a dataset of synchronous measurements of ChlF parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits in Mangifera indica L. The results showed that the relationships between ChlF parameters and leaf traits varied across light intensities, as indicated by different slopes and intercepts, highlighting the limitations of using leaf traits alone to capture the dynamics of ChlF parameters. Light drivers, on the other hand, showed a better predictive ability for light-dependent ChlF parameters compared to leaf traits, with light intensity having a large effect on light-dependent ChlF parameters. Furthermore, the responses of ФF and NPQ to light drivers differed between leaf types, with light intensity having an effect on ФF in shaded leaves, whereas it had a primary effect on NPQ in sunlit leaves. These results facilitate and deepen our understanding of how the light environment affects leaf structure and function and, therefore, provide the theoretical basis for understanding plant ecological strategies in response to the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangman Song
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Quan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jia Jin
- Institute of Geography and Oceanography, Nanning Normal University, P. R. China
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9
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Jan NJ, Lee PY, Wallace J, Iasella M, Gogola A, Wang B, Sigal IA. Stretch-Induced Uncrimping of Equatorial Sclera Collagen Bundles. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:054503. [PMID: 36459150 PMCID: PMC9791674 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stretch-induced collagen uncrimping underlies the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the sclera according to what is often called the process of recruitment. We recently reported experimental measurements of sclera collagen crimp and pressure-induced uncrimping. Our studies, however, were cross-sectional, providing statistical descriptions of crimp with no information on the effects of stretch on specific collagen bundles. Data on bundle-specific uncrimping is necessary to better understand the effects of macroscale input on the collagen microscale and tissue failure. Our goal in this project was to measure bundle-specific stretch-induced collagen uncrimping of sclera. Three goat eyes were cryosectioned sagittally (30 μm). Samples of equatorial sclera were isolated, mounted to a custom uni-axial stretcher and imaged with polarized light microscopy at various levels of clamp-to-clamp stretch until failure. At each stretch level, local strain was measured using image tracking techniques. The level of collagen crimping was determined from the bundle waviness, defined as the circular standard deviation of fiber orientation along a bundle. Eye-specific recruitment curves were then computed using eye-specific waviness at maximum stretch before sample failure to define fibers as recruited. Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to determine the associations of waviness to local strain and recruitment to clamp-to-clamp stretch. Waviness decreased exponentially with local strain (p < 0.001), whereas bundle recruitment followed a sigmoidal curve with clamp-to-clamp stretch (p < 0.001). Individual bundle responses to stretch varied substantially, but recruitment curves were similar across sections and eyes. In conclusion, uni-axial stretch caused measurable bundle-specific uncrimping, with the sigmoidal recruitment pattern characteristic of fiber-reinforced soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jiun Jan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jacob Wallace
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Michael Iasella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexandra Gogola
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ian A. Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Ocular Biomechanics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Caecal digestibility as an approximation of ileal protein digestibility evaluation in rats. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e18. [PMID: 36843980 PMCID: PMC9947619 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat model can be used to assess ileal protein digestibility rapidly and in first intention, but no standardised method exists. Our objective was to compare methods to assess protein digestibility, depending on collection site (ileum/caecum) and use of a non-absorbable marker. A meal containing either casein, gluten or pea protein and chromium oxide as non-absorbable marker was given to male Wistar rats and the entire digestive content was collected 6 h later. Total chromium recovery was incomplete and variable, depending on protein source. We observed no significant difference in digestibility between the methods for any of the protein sources tested. Although none of the methods tested is optimal, our results suggest that caecal digestibility can be used as a proxy of ileal digestibility in rats without using a non-absorbable marker. This simple method makes it possible to evaluate protein digestibility of new alternative protein sources for human consumption.
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11
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Tremor, finger and hand dexterity and force steadiness, do not change after mental fatigue in healthy humans. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272033. [PMID: 35947592 PMCID: PMC9365124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mental fatigue have been studied in relation to specific percentages of maximal aerobic or anaerobic efforts, maximal voluntary contractions or the performance of sport specific skills. However, its effects on tremor, dexterity and force steadiness have been only marginally explored. The present work aimed at filling this gap. In twenty-nine young individuals, measurement of postural, kinetic and isometric tremor, pinch force steadiness and finger and hand dexterity were performed before and after either 100 min of mental fatigue or control tasks. During the interventions blood pressure, oxygen saturation and heart rate and perceived effort in continuing the task were recorded every 10 minutes. Tremor was analysed in both time (standard deviation) and frequency domain (position, amplitude and area of the dominant peak) of the acceleration signal. Finger dexterity was assessed by Purdue pegboard test and hand dexterity in terms of contact time in a buzz wire exercise. Force steadiness was quantified as coefficient of variation of the force signal. Postural, kinetic and isometric tremors, force steadiness and dexterity were not affected. Higher oxygen saturation values and higher variability of heart rate and blood pressure were found in the intervention group during the mental fatigue protocol (p < .001). The results provide no evidence that mental fatigue affects the neuromuscular parameters that influence postural, kinetic or isometric tremor, force steadiness and dexterity when measured in single-task conditions. Increased variability in heart rate may suggest that the volunteers in the intervention group altered their alert/stress state. Therefore, it is possible that the alterations that are commonly observed during mental fatigue, and that could have affected tremor, steadiness and dexterity only last for the duration of the cognitive task and are not detectable anymore soon after the mental task is terminated.
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12
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Vlasceanu M, Coman A. The Effect of Accuracy Instructions on Coronavirus‐Related Belief Change Following Conversational Interactions. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alin Coman
- Princeton University, Department of Psychology Princeton US
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton US
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13
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Li Z, Sarnat JA, Liu KH, Hood RB, Chang CJ, Hu X, Tran V, Greenwald R, Chang HH, Russell A, Yu T, Jones DP, Liang D. Evaluation of the Use of Saliva Metabolome as a Surrogate of Blood Metabolome in Assessing Internal Exposures to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6525-6536. [PMID: 35476389 PMCID: PMC9153955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the omics era, saliva, a filtrate of blood, may serve as an alternative, noninvasive biospecimen to blood, although its use for specific metabolomic applications has not been fully evaluated. We demonstrated that the saliva metabolome may provide sensitive measures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and associated biological responses via high-resolution, longitudinal metabolomics profiling. We collected 167 pairs of saliva and plasma samples from a cohort of 53 college student participants and measured corresponding indoor and outdoor concentrations of six air pollutants for the dormitories where the students lived. Grand correlation between common metabolic features in saliva and plasma was moderate to high, indicating a relatively consistent association between saliva and blood metabolites across subjects. Although saliva was less associated with TRAP compared to plasma, 25 biological pathways associated with TRAP were detected via saliva and accounted for 69% of those detected via plasma. Given the slightly higher feature reproducibility found in saliva, these findings provide some indication that the saliva metabolome offers a sensitive and practical alternative to blood for characterizing individual biological responses to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ken H Liu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Robert B Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Howard H Chang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Armistead Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tianwei Yu
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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14
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Gonzalez-Estanol K, Libardi M, Biasioli F, Stieger M. Oral processing behaviours of liquid, solid and composite foods are primarily driven by texture, mechanical and lubrication properties rather than by taste intensity. Food Funct 2022; 13:5011-5022. [PMID: 35438704 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the influence of saltiness and sweetness intensity on oral processing behaviours of liquid, solid and composite foods. As salty foods, tomato sauce (liquid), penne pasta (solid) and their combination (composite food) were used at two levels of saltiness intensity (low/high). As sweet foods, strawberry sauce (liquid), milk gels (solid) and their combination (composite foods) were used at two levels of sweetness intensity (low/high). Saltiness, sweetness, hardness, chewiness, and liking were quantified using generalized labelled magnitude scales (gLMS). Oral processing behaviours were determined using video recordings (n = 39, mean age 25 ± 3 years) in a home-use-test (HUT) providing fixed bite sizes for all foods. As expected, taste intensity differed significantly between samples within the same food category. No significant effects of taste intensity on oral processing behaviours were found for sweet and salty foods. As expected, consistency strongly affected the consumption time per bite, number of chews per bite, number of chews per gram and eating rate. Solid foods were masticated for the longest time with the highest number of chews per bite, followed by composite foods as the liquid added to the solid foods enhanced lubrication. Liquid foods were masticated for the shortest time. We conclude that large differences in saltiness and sweetness intensity of liquid, solid and composite foods cause no differences in oral processing behaviours. We suggest that oral processing behaviours are primarily driven by texture, mechanical and lubrication properties of foods rather than by their taste intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gonzalez-Estanol
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy. .,Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Agri-food and Environmental Sciences, Trento University, Trento, Italy
| | - Maddalena Libardi
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Markus Stieger
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Atallah N, Gaudichon C, Boulier A, Baniel A, Azzout-Marniche D, Khodorova N, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Chapelais M, Calvez J. Moderate adiposity levels counteract protein metabolism modifications associated with aging in rats. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3189-3200. [PMID: 35435502 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physiological parameters such as adiposity and age are likely to influence protein digestion and utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of age and adiposity on casein protein and amino acid true digestibility and its postprandial utilization in rats. METHODS Four groups were included (n = 7/8): 2 months/normal adiposity, 2 months/high adiposity, 11 months/normal adiposity and 11 months/high adiposity. Rats were given a calibrated meal containing 15N-labeled casein (Ingredia, Arras, France) and were euthanized 6 h later. Digestive contents were collected to assess protein and amino acid digestibilities. 15N enrichments were measured in plasma and urine to determine total body deamination. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) was determined in different organs using a flooding dose of 13C valine. RESULTS Nitrogen and amino acid true digestibility of casein was around 95-96% depending on the group and was increased by 1% in high adiposity rats (P = 0.04). Higher adiposity levels counteracted the increase in total body deamination (P = 0.03) that was associated with older age. Significant effects of age (P = 0.006) and adiposity (P = 0.002) were observed in the muscle FSR, with age decreasing it and adiposity increasing it. CONCLUSION This study revealed that a higher level of adiposity resulted in a slight increase in protein and individual amino acid true digestibility values and seemed to compensate for the metabolic postprandial protein alterations observed at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Atallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.,Ingredia S.A., 62033, Arras Cedex, France.,UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N°1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Nadezda Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Piedcoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Martin Chapelais
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.
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16
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Hogue O, Harvey T, Crozier D, Sonneborn C, Postle A, Block-Beach H, Somasundaram E, May FJ, Snyder Braun M, Pasadyn FL, King K, Johnson C, Dolansky MA, Obuchowski NA, Machado AG, Baker KB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Statistical practice and transparent reporting in the neurosciences: Preclinical motor behavioral experiments. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265154. [PMID: 35312695 PMCID: PMC8936466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal and behavioral preclinical animal studies generate complex data, which may not be well matched to statistical approaches common in this literature. Analyses that do not adequately account for complexity may result in overly optimistic study conclusions, with consequences for reproducibility and translational decision-making. Recent work interrogating methodological shortcomings in animal research has not yet comprehensively investigated statistical shortcomings in the analysis of complex longitudinal and behavioral data. To this end, the current cross-sectional meta-research study rigorously reviewed published mouse or rat controlled experiments for motor rehabilitation in three neurologic conditions to evaluate statistical choices and reporting. Medline via PubMed was queried in February 2020 for English-language articles published January 1, 2017- December 31, 2019. Included were articles that used rat or mouse models of stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or traumatic brain injury, employed a therapeutic controlled experimental design to determine efficacy, and assessed at least one functional behavioral assessment or global evaluation of function. 241 articles from 99 journals were evaluated independently by a team of nine raters. Articles were assessed for statistical handling of non-independence, animal attrition, outliers, ordinal data, and multiplicity. Exploratory analyses evaluated whether transparency or statistical choices differed as a function of journal factors. A majority of articles failed to account for sources of non-independence in the data (74–93%) and/or did not analytically account for mid-treatment animal attrition (78%). Ordinal variables were often treated as continuous (37%), outliers were predominantly not mentioned (83%), and plots often concealed the distribution of the data (51%) Statistical choices and transparency did not differ with regards to journal rank or reporting requirements. Statistical misapplication can result in invalid experimental findings and inadequate reporting obscures errors. Clinician-scientists evaluating preclinical work for translational promise should be mindful of commonplace errors. Interventions are needed to improve statistical decision-making in preclinical behavioral neurosciences research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hogue
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tucker Harvey
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dena Crozier
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Claire Sonneborn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abagail Postle
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hunter Block-Beach
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Clinic Community Care, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eashwar Somasundaram
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Francis J. May
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Monica Snyder Braun
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Felicia L. Pasadyn
- Department of Integrated Biology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khandi King
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Casandra Johnson
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary A. Dolansky
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andre G. Machado
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Baker
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Fine-Spatial Boreal–Alpine Single-Tree Albedo Measured by UAV: Experiences and Challenges. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The boreal–alpine treeline is a fine-spatial heterogeneous ecotone with small single trees, tree clusters and open snow surfaces during wintertime. Due to climate change and decreased grazing of domestic animals, the treelines expand both upwards into the mountains and northwards into the tundra. To quantify and understand the biophysical radiative climatic feedback effect due to this expansion, it is necessary to establish measurement strategies of fine-spatial albedo by which relationships with the tree structure and snow-masking effect can be quantified. In this study, we measured single-tree Norway spruce albedo for small trees using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The platform allows the measurement of proximal remotely sensed albedo, enabling the provision of fine-spatial reflectance distributed over larger geographical areas. The albedo measurements varied from 0.39 to 0.99. The interaction between the diurnal course of the sun and sloping terrain constituted the most important driving factor on the albedo. Surprisingly, all tree structural variables revealed smaller correlations with the albedo than typically found for boreal and boreal–alpine summertime albedo. The snow-masking effect of the trees on the albedo was statistically significant and was found to be stronger than the effects of tree structural variables. Only the canopy density had a statistically significant effect on the albedo among the tree structural variables. This was likely explained by the imprecise heading of the hoovering positions of the UAV and insufficient spatial resolution of the reflected radiation measurements. For further development of fine-spatial UAV-measured albedo, we recommend the use of UAVs with high-precision navigation systems and field-stop devices to limit the spatial size of the measured reflected radiation.
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18
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Antonellis P, Mohammadzadeh Gonabadi A, Myers SA, Pipinos II, Malcolm P. Metabolically efficient walking assistance using optimized timed forces at the waist. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabh1925. [PMID: 35294219 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abh1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic rate of walking can be reduced by applying a constant forward force at the center of mass. It has been shown that the metabolically optimal constant force magnitude minimizes propulsion ground reaction force at the expense of increased braking. This led to the hypothesis that selectively assisting propulsion could lead to greater benefits. We used a robotic waist tether to evaluate the effects of forward forces with different timings and magnitudes. Here, we show that it is possible to reduce the metabolic rate of healthy participants by 48% with a greater efficiency ratio of metabolic cost reduction per unit of net aiding work compared with other assistive robots. This result was obtained using a sinusoidal force profile with peak timing during the middle of the double support. The same timing could also reduce the metabolic rate in patients with peripheral artery disease. A model explains that the optimal force profile accelerates the center of mass into the inverted pendulum movement during single support. Contrary to the hypothesis, the optimal force timing did not entirely coincide with propulsion. Within the field of wearable robotics, there is a trend to use devices to mimic biological torque or force profiles. Such bioinspired actuation can have relevant benefits; however, our results demonstrate that this is not necessarily optimal for reducing metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Antonellis
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP-32, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Arash Mohammadzadeh Gonabadi
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital, 5401 South Street, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
| | - Sara A Myers
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Department of Surgery and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Iraklis I Pipinos
- Department of Surgery and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982500 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Philippe Malcolm
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive South, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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19
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Tironi M, Charpentier Mora S, Cavanna D, Borelli JL, Bizzi F. Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1477. [PMID: 34827476 PMCID: PMC8615918 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tironi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Corso Podestà 2, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (S.C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Simone Charpentier Mora
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Corso Podestà 2, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (S.C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Cavanna
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Corso Podestà 2, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (S.C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Jessica L. Borelli
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Corso Podestà 2, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (S.C.M.); (D.C.)
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20
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Montiel R, Zaninovich SC, Bedrij NA, Insaurralde A, Verdoljak JJ, Fontana JL, Gatti MG. Eucalypt plantations for forest restoration in a fire‐prone mosaic of grasslands and forests in northern Argentina. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Montiel
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FaCENA‐UNNE) Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Argentina
| | - Silvia C. Zaninovich
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FaCENA‐UNNE) Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Argentina
| | - Natalia A. Bedrij
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones‐CONICET Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
| | - Ariel Insaurralde
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones‐CONICET Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
| | - Juan J. Verdoljak
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez (EEA‐INTA Colonia Benítez) Marcos Briolini 750, Chaco Argentina
| | - José L. Fontana
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FaCENA‐UNNE) Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Argentina
| | - Ma. Genoveva Gatti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones‐CONICET Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Misiones Bertoni 124, 3380 Eldorado Misiones Argentina
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21
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Diniz Oliveira T, Brunelle T, Guenet B, Ciais P, Leblanc F, Guivarch C. A mixed-effect model approach for assessing land-based mitigation in integrated assessment models: A regional perspective. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4671-4685. [PMID: 34089552 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the prospects of low short-term emissions reduction, carbon removals (CDRs) are expected to play an important role in achieving ambitious mitigation targets in future scenarios of integrated assessment models (IAMs), particularly Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). In this paper, we explore the IAMC 1.5℃ database to depict the characteristics of the two main CDR options present in mitigation scenarios: BECCS and afforestation/reforestation. We apply a linear mixed-effect model to capture the specific regional and cross-IAM effects. Results reveal that the distribution of BECCS and afforestation deployment differs across IAMs and regions and, to a second extent, time. BECCS is preferred in the scenarios not for its ability to expand energy use but actually because it appears as an alternative to afforestation, which is associated with a decrease in energy use. However, the regional distribution of CDR deployment does not show a common pattern across scenarios and IAMs. Therefore, a more comprehensive investigation is needed before it can support policy proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Diniz Oliveira
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Brunelle
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie de I'ENS, CNRS UMR 8538 - École normale supérieure, PSL University - IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de I'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Leblanc
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- École des Ponts, Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - Céline Guivarch
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- École des Ponts, Nogent-sur-Marne, France
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22
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Heng S, O'Meara WP, Simmons RA, Small DS. Relationship between changing malaria burden and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa: A difference-in-differences study via a pair-of-pairs approach. eLife 2021; 10:e65133. [PMID: 34259625 PMCID: PMC8279759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2018, an estimated 228 million malaria cases occurred worldwide with most cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Scale-up of vector control tools coupled with increased access to diagnosis and effective treatment has resulted in a large decline in malaria prevalence in some areas, but other areas have seen little change. Although interventional studies demonstrate that preventing malaria during pregnancy can reduce the rate of low birth weight (i.e. child's birth weight <2500 g), it remains unknown whether natural changes in parasite transmission and malaria burden can improve birth outcomes. Methods We conducted an observational study of the effect of changing malaria burden on low birth weight using data from 18,112 births in 19 countries in sub-Saharan African countries during the years 2000-2015. Specifically, we conducted a difference-in-differences study via a pair-of-pairs matching approach using the fact that some sub-Saharan areas experienced sharp drops in malaria prevalence and some experienced little change. Results A malaria prevalence decline from a high rate (Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate in children aged 2-up-to-10 (i.e. PfPR2-10) > 0.4) to a low rate (PfPR2-10 < 0.2) is estimated to reduce the rate of low birth weight by 1.48 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 3.70 percentage points reduction, 0.74 percentage points increase), which is a 17% reduction in the low birth weight rate compared to the average (8.6%) in our study population with observed birth weight records (1.48/8.6 ≈ 17%). When focusing on first pregnancies, a decline in malaria prevalence from high to low is estimated to have a greater impact on the low birth weight rate than for all births: 3.73 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 9.11 percentage points reduction, 1.64 percentage points increase). Conclusions Although the confidence intervals cannot rule out the possibility of no effect at the 95% confidence level, the concurrence between our primary analysis, secondary analyses, and sensitivity analyses, and the magnitude of the effect size, contribute to the weight of the evidence suggesting that declining malaria burden can potentially substantially reduce the low birth weight rate at the community level in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among firstborns. The novel statistical methodology developed in this article-a pair-of-pairs approach to a difference-in-differences study-could be useful for many settings in which different units are observed at different times. Funding Ryan A. Simmons is supported by National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002553). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Heng
- Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wendy P O'Meara
- Global Health Institute, School of Medicine, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Ryan A Simmons
- Global Health Institute, School of Medicine, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Dylan S Small
- Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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23
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Stevens LM, Henderson HM, Lamb ME. Linguistically complex recognition prompts in pre-recorded cross-examinations. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2021; 39:369-382. [PMID: 33559314 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of pre-trial preparation and pre-recorded cross-examinations on the linguistic complexity of recognition prompts (i.e., option-posing or suggestive questions) used when questioning child victims in English criminal courts. The study also compared the linguistic complexity of recognition prompts that did and did not contain suggestive content. Analyses compared 43 cases that involved pre-recorded cross-examinations with pre-trial preparation and 44 cases that did not, which occurred between 2012 and 2016. Cases utilizing the "special measures" contained fewer linguistically complex prompts with and without suggestive content than did their counterparts, demonstrating the benefits of those special measures. Overall, linguistically complex recognition prompts were more likely to contain suggestive content than other recognition prompts. However, linguistically complex prompts with and without suggestive content were still frequently used despite the special measures, demonstrating the need for further professional training to improve the quality of children's evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Stevens
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayden M Henderson
- Gould School of Law, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael E Lamb
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Busey TA, Heise N, Hicklin RA, Ulery BT, Buscaglia J. Characterizing missed identifications and errors in latent fingerprint comparisons using eye-tracking data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251674. [PMID: 34029319 PMCID: PMC8143401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent fingerprint examiners sometimes come to different conclusions when comparing fingerprints, and eye-gaze behavior may help explain these outcomes. missed identifications (missed IDs) are inconclusive, exclusion, or No Value determinations reached when the consensus of other examiners is an identification. To determine the relation between examiner behavior and missed IDs, we collected eye-gaze data from 121 latent print examiners as they completed a total 1444 difficult (latent-exemplar) comparisons. We extracted metrics from the gaze data that serve as proxies for underlying perceptual and cognitive capacities. We used these metrics to characterize potential mechanisms of missed IDs: Cursory Comparison and Mislocalization. We find that missed IDs are associated with shorter comparison times, fewer regions visited, and fewer attempted correspondences between the compared images. Latent print comparisons resulting in erroneous exclusions (a subset of missed IDs) are also more likely to have fixations in different regions and less accurate correspondence attempts than those comparisons resulting in identifications. We also use our derived metrics to describe one atypical examiner who made six erroneous identifications, four of which were on comparisons intended to be straightforward exclusions. The present work helps identify the degree to which missed IDs can be explained using eye-gaze behavior, and the extent to which missed IDs depend on cognitive and decision-making factors outside the domain of eye-tracking methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Busey
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Heise
- Intelligence and Analytics, Noblis, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Austin Hicklin
- Intelligence and Analytics, Noblis, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bradford T. Ulery
- Intelligence and Analytics, Noblis, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - JoAnn Buscaglia
- Research and Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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dos Santos DT, Arroyo LH, Alves YM, Alves LS, Berra TZ, Crispim JDA, Alves JD, Ramos DAC, Alonso JB, de Assis IS, Ramos AV, Dessunti EM, Carvalho Pinto I, Palha PF, Arcêncio RA, Nunes C. Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:31. [PMID: 33883022 PMCID: PMC8058757 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient's diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox's regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. RESULTS One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. CONCLUSION Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Talita dos Santos
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Arroyo
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Yan Mathias Alves
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luana Seles Alves
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thais Zamboni Berra
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliane de Almeida Crispim
- Inter-institucional Doctoral Program in Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Josilene Dália Alves
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Bodini Alonso
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902 Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Vieira Ramos
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ione Carvalho Pinto
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pedro Fredemir Palha
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Mainsah BO, Patel PA, Chen XJ, Olsen C, Collins LM, Karra R. Novel Acoustic Biomarker of Quality of Life in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018588. [PMID: 33660516 PMCID: PMC8174227 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Although technological advances to pump design have improved survival, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients experience variable improvements in quality of life. Methods for optimizing LVAD support to improve quality of life are needed. We investigated whether acoustic signatures obtained from digital stethoscopes can predict patient-centered outcomes in LVAD recipients. Methods and Results We followed precordial sounds over 6 months in 24 LVAD recipients (8 HeartWare HVAD™, 16 HeartMate 3 [HM3]). Subjects recorded their precordial sounds with a digital stethoscope and completed a Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire weekly. We developed a novel algorithm to filter LVAD sounds from recordings. Unsupervised clustering of LVAD-mitigated sounds revealed distinct groups of acoustic features. Of 16 HM3 recipients, 6 (38%) had a unique acoustic feature that we have termed the pulse synchronized sound based on its temporal association with the artificial pulse of the HM3. HM3 recipients with the pulse synchronized sound had significantly better Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores at baseline (median, 89.1 [interquartile range, 86.2-90.4] versus 66.1 [interquartile range, 31.1-73.7]; P=0.03) and over the 6-month study period (marginal mean, 77.6 [95% CI, 66.3-88.9] versus 59.9 [95% CI, 47.9-70.0]; P<0.001). Mechanistically, the pulse synchronized sound shares acoustic features with patient-derived intrinsic sounds. Finally, we developed a machine learning algorithm to automatically detect the pulse synchronized sound within precordial sounds (area under the curve, 0.95, leave-one-subject-out cross-validation). Conclusions We have identified a novel acoustic biomarker associated with better quality of life in HM3 LVAD recipients, which may provide a method for assaying optimized LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyla O. Mainsah
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | | | - Xinlin J. Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Cameron Olsen
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Leslie M. Collins
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
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Torres A, Palmeri ML, Feltovich H, Hall TJ, Rosado-Mendez IM. Shear wave dispersion as a potential biomarker for cervical remodeling during pregnancy: evidence from a non-human primate model. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 8:606664. [PMID: 34178971 PMCID: PMC8225254 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.606664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave dispersion (variation of phase velocity with frequency) occurs in tissues with layered and anisotropic microstructure and viscous components, such as the uterine cervix. This phenomenon, mostly overlooked in previous applications of cervical Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) for preterm birth risk assessment, is expected to change drastically during pregnancy due to cervical remodeling. Here we demonstrate the potential of SWEI-based descriptors of dispersion as potential biomarkers for cervical remodeling during pregnancy. First, we performed a simulation-based pre-selection of two SWEI-based dispersion descriptors: the ratio R of group velocities computed with particle-velocity and particle-displacement, and the slope S of the phase velocity vs. frequency. The pre-selection consisted of comparing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of dispersion descriptors in materials with different degrees of dispersion with respect to a low-dispersive medium. Shear waves induced in these media by SWEI were simulated with a finite-element model of Zener viscoelastic solids. The pre-selection also considered two denoising strategies to improve CNR: a low-pass filter with automatic frequency cutoff determination, and singular value decomposition of shear wave displacements. After pre-selection, the descriptor-denoising combination that produced the largest CNR was applied to SWEI cervix data from 18 pregnant Rhesus macaques acquired at weeks 10 (mid-pregnancy stage) and 23 (late pregnancy stage) of the 24.5-week full pregnancy. A maximum likelihood linear mixed-effects model (LME) was used to evaluate the dependence of the dispersion descriptor on pregnancy stage, maternal age, parity and other experimental factors. The pre-selection study showed that descriptor S combined with singular value decomposition produced a CNR 11.6 times larger than the other descriptor and denoising strategy combinations. In the Non-Human Primates (NHP) study, the LME model showed that descriptor S significantly decreased from mid to late pregnancy (-0.37 ± 0.07 m/s-kHz per week, p <0.00001) with respect to the base value of 15.5 ± 1.9 m/s-kHz. This change was more significant than changes in other SWEI features such as the group velocity previously reported. Also, S varied significantly between the anterior and posterior portions of the cervix (p =0.02) and with maternal age (p =0.008). Given the potential of shear wave dispersion to track cervical remodeling, we will extend its application to ongoing longitudinal human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Torres
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Hall
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M. Rosado-Mendez
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
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Torres G, Giménez L. Temperature modulates compensatory responses to food limitation at metamorphosis in a marine invertebrate. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchMarine Station of Helgoland Helgoland Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchMarine Station of Helgoland Helgoland Germany
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Menai Bridge UK
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Karmegam D, Mappillairaju B. Spatio-temporal distribution of negative emotions on Twitter during floods in Chennai, India, in 2015: a post hoc analysis. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:19. [PMID: 32466764 PMCID: PMC7254639 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural disasters are known to take their psychological toll immediately, and over the long term, on those living through them. Messages posted on Twitter provide an insight into the state of mind of citizens affected by such disasters and provide useful data on the emotional impact on groups of people. In 2015, Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu state in southern India, experienced unprecedented flooding, which subsequently triggered economic losses and had considerable psychological impact on citizens. The objectives of this study are to (i) mine posts to Twitter to extract negative emotions of those posting tweets before, during and after the floods; (ii) examine the spatial and temporal variations of negative emotions across Chennai city via tweets; and (iii) analyse associations in the posts between the emotions observed before, during and after the disaster. Methods Using Twitter’s application programming interface, tweets posted at the time of floods were aggregated for detailed categorisation and analysis. The different emotions were extracted and classified by using the National Research Council emotion lexicon. Both an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed-effect analysis were performed to assess the temporal variations in negative emotion rates. Global and local Moran’s I statistic were used to understand the spatial distribution and clusters of negative emotions across the Chennai region. Spatial regression was used to analyse over time the association in negative emotion rates from the tweets. Results In the 5696 tweets analysed around the time of the floods, negative emotions were in evidence 17.02% before, 29.45% during and 11.39% after the floods. The rates of negative emotions showed significant variation between tweets sent before, during and after the disaster. Negative emotions were highest at the time of disaster’s peak and reduced considerably post disaster in all wards of Chennai. Spatial clusters of wards with high negative emotion rates were identified. Conclusions Spatial analysis of emotions expressed on Twitter during disasters helps to identify geographic areas with high negative emotions and areas needing immediate emotional support. Analysing emotions temporally provides insight into early identification of mental health issues, and their consequences, for those affected by disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Karmegam
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Bagavandas Mappillairaju
- Centre for Statistics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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30
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Brazile BL, Hua Y, Jan NJ, Wallace J, Gogola A, Sigal IA. Thin Lamina Cribrosa Beams Have Different Collagen Microstructure Than Thick Beams. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4653-4661. [PMID: 30372734 PMCID: PMC6149225 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the collagen microstructural crimp characteristics between thin and thick lamina cribrosa (LC) beams. Methods Seven eyes from four sheep were fixed at 5 mm Hg IOP in 10% formalin. For each eye, one to three coronal cryosections through the LC were imaged with polarized light microscopy and analyzed to visualize the LC and determine collagen fiber microstructure. For every beam, we measured its width and three characteristics of the crimp of its collagen fibers: waviness, tortuosity, and amplitude. Linear mixed effects models were used to test whether crimp characteristics were associated with the LC beam width. Results For each eye and over all the eyes, LC beam width was positively associated with crimp waviness and tortuosity, and negatively associated with crimp amplitude (P's < 0.0001). Thin beams, average width 13.11 μm, had average (SD) waviness, tortuosity, and amplitude of 0.27 (0.17) radians, 1.017 (0.028) and 1.88 (1.41) μm, respectively. For thick beams, average width 26.10 μm, these characteristics were 0.33 (0.18) radians, 1.025 (0.037) and 1.58 (1.36) μm, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest heterogeneity in LC beam mechanical properties. Thin beams were less wavy than their thicker counterparts, suggesting that thin beams may stiffen at lower IOP than thick beams. This difference may allow thin beams to support similar amounts of IOP-induced force as thicker beams, thus providing a similar level of structural support to the axons at physiologic IOP, despite the differences in width. Measurements of beam-level mechanical properties are needed to confirm these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn L Brazile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ning-Jiun Jan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jacob Wallace
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexandra Gogola
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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31
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Le Mire G, Siah A, Marolleau B, Gaucher M, Maumené C, Brostaux Y, Massart S, Brisset MN, Jijakli MH. Evaluation of λ-Carrageenan, CpG-ODN, Glycine Betaine, Spirulina platensis, and Ergosterol as Elicitors for Control of Zymoseptoria tritici in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:409-417. [PMID: 30161014 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-17-0367-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat crops are constantly challenged by the pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) disease. The present study reports the evaluation of five elicitor compounds (λ-carrageenan, cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodesoxynucleotide motifs [CpG ODN], glycine betaine, Spirulina platensis, and ergosterol) for the protection of wheat against STB in order to offer new alternative tools to farmers for sustainable crop protection. Screening of elicitors of wheat defenses was carried out through a succession of experiments: biocidal in vitro tests enabled checking for any fungicidal activities, glasshouse experiments allowed determination of the efficacy of a given compound in protecting wheat against STB, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction biomolecular tests investigated the relative expression of 23 defense genes in treated versus untreated plants. Therefore, we demonstrated that λ-carrageenan, CpG-ODN, glycine betaine, S. platensis, and ergosterol are potential elicitors of wheat defenses. Foliar treatment with these compounds conferred protection of wheat by up to approximately 70% against Z. tritici under semicontrolled conditions and induced both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathways in the plant. These findings contribute to extending the narrow list of potential elicitors of wheat defenses against Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Le Mire
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Ali Siah
- 2 Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA) Lille, Institut de recherche Charles Violette (EA 7394), 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046 Lille cedex, France
| | - Brice Marolleau
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Gaucher
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Claude Maumené
- 4 Arvalis-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France; and
| | - Yves Brostaux
- 5 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Statistiques, Informatiques et Mathématiques appliqués à la bioingénierie
| | - Sebastien Massart
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Marie-Noëlle Brisset
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - M Haissam Jijakli
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
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Ghaemi MS, DiGiulio DB, Contrepois K, Callahan B, Ngo TTM, Lee-McMullen B, Lehallier B, Robaczewska A, Mcilwain D, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Wong RJ, Quaintance C, Culos A, Stanley N, Tanada A, Tsai A, Gaudilliere D, Ganio E, Han X, Ando K, McNeil L, Tingle M, Wise P, Maric I, Sirota M, Wyss-Coray T, Winn VD, Druzin ML, Gibbs R, Darmstadt GL, Lewis DB, Partovi Nia V, Agard B, Tibshirani R, Nolan G, Snyder MP, Relman DA, Quake SR, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Angst MS, Gaudilliere B, Aghaeepour N. Multiomics modeling of the immunome, transcriptome, microbiome, proteome and metabolome adaptations during human pregnancy. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:95-103. [PMID: 30561547 PMCID: PMC6298056 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Multiple biological clocks govern a healthy pregnancy. These biological mechanisms produce immunologic, metabolomic, proteomic, genomic and microbiomic adaptations during the course of pregnancy. Modeling the chronology of these adaptations during full-term pregnancy provides the frameworks for future studies examining deviations implicated in pregnancy-related pathologies including preterm birth and preeclampsia. Results We performed a multiomics analysis of 51 samples from 17 pregnant women, delivering at term. The datasets included measurements from the immunome, transcriptome, microbiome, proteome and metabolome of samples obtained simultaneously from the same patients. Multivariate predictive modeling using the Elastic Net (EN) algorithm was used to measure the ability of each dataset to predict gestational age. Using stacked generalization, these datasets were combined into a single model. This model not only significantly increased predictive power by combining all datasets, but also revealed novel interactions between different biological modalities. Future work includes expansion of the cohort to preterm-enriched populations and in vivo analysis of immune-modulating interventions based on the mechanisms identified. Availability and implementation Datasets and scripts for reproduction of results are available through: https://nalab.stanford.edu/multiomics-pregnancy/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajjad Ghaemi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Département de Mathématiques et de Génie Industriel, École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe d’Études et de Recherche en Analyse des Décision (GERAD), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur les Réseaux d’Entreprise, la Logistique et le Transport (CIRRELT), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel B DiGiulio
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thuy T M Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Robaczewska
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Mcilwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Human Immune Monitoring Center Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cecele Quaintance
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Culos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Athena Tanada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dyani Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leslie McNeil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martha Tingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wise
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivana Maric
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maurice L Druzin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Gibbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Partovi Nia
- Département de Mathématiques et de Génie Industriel, École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe d’Études et de Recherche en Analyse des Décision (GERAD), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Agard
- Département de Mathématiques et de Génie Industriel, École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur les Réseaux d’Entreprise, la Logistique et le Transport (CIRRELT), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Departments of Biomedical Data Sciences and Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garry Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Rosado-Mendez IM, Carlson LC, Woo KM, Santoso AP, Guerrero QW, Palmeri ML, Feltovich H, Hall TJ. Quantitative assessment of cervical softening during pregnancy in the Rhesus macaque with shear wave elasticity imaging. Phys Med Biol 2018. [PMID: 29517492 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal parturition, e.g. pre- or post-term birth, is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and increased economic burden. This could potentially be prevented by accurate detection of abnormal softening of the uterine cervix. Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) techniques that quantify tissue softness, such as shear wave speed (SWS) measurement, are promising for evaluation of the cervix. Still, interpretation of results can be complicated by biological variability (i.e. spatial variations of cervix stiffness, parity), as well as by experimental factors (i.e. type of transducer, posture during scanning). Here we investigated the ability of SWEI to detect cervical softening, as well as sources of SWS variability that can affect this task, in the pregnant and nonpregnant Rhesus macaque. Specifically, we evaluated SWS differences when imaging the cervix transabdominally with a typical linear array abdominal transducer, and transrectally with a prototype intracavitary linear array transducer. Linear mixed effects (LME) models were used to model SWS as a function of menstrual cycle day (in nonpregnant animals) and gestational age (in pregnant animals). Other variables included parity, shear wave direction, and cervix side (anterior versus posterior). In the nonpregnant cervix, the LME model indicated that SWS increased by 2% (95% confidence interval 0-3%) per day, starting eight days before menstruation. During pregnancy, SWS significantly decreased at a rate of 6% (95% CI 5-7%) per week (intracavitary approach) and 3% (95% CI 2-4%) per week (transabdominal approach), and interactions between the scanning approach and other fixed effects were also significant. These results suggest that, while absolute SWS values are influenced by factors such as scanning approach and SWEI implementation, these sources of variability do not compromise the sensitivity of SWEI to cervical softening. Our results also highlight the importance of standardizing SWEI approaches to improve their accuracy for cervical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America. Present address: Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yosibash Z, Wille H, Rank E. Stochastic description of the peak hip contact force during walking free and going upstairs. J Biomech 2015; 48:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Etienne A, Génard M, Lobit P, Bugaud C. Modeling the vacuolar storage of malate shed lights on pre- and post-harvest fruit acidity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:310. [PMID: 25403512 PMCID: PMC4239383 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malate is one of the most important organic acids in many fruits and its concentration plays a critical role in organoleptic properties. Several studies suggest that malate accumulation in fruit cells is controlled at the level of vacuolar storage. However, the regulation of vacuolar malate storage throughout fruit development, and the origins of the phenotypic variability of the malate concentration within fruit species remain to be clarified. In the present study, we adapted the mechanistic model of vacuolar storage proposed by Lobit et al. in order to study the accumulation of malate in pre and postharvest fruits. The main adaptation concerned the variation of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis during fruit development. Banana fruit was taken as a reference because it has the particularity of having separate growth and post-harvest ripening stages, during which malate concentration undergoes substantial changes. Moreover, the concentration of malate in banana pulp varies greatly among cultivars which make possible to use the model as a tool to analyze the genotypic variability. The model was calibrated and validated using data sets from three cultivars with contrasting malate accumulation, grown under different fruit loads and potassium supplies, and harvested at different stages. RESULTS The model predicted the pre and post-harvest dynamics of malate concentration with fairly good accuracy for the three cultivars (mean RRMSE = 0.25-0.42). The sensitivity of the model to parameters and input variables was analyzed. According to the model, vacuolar composition, in particular potassium and organic acid concentrations, had an important effect on malate accumulation. The model suggested that rising temperatures depressed malate accumulation. The model also helped distinguish differences in malate concentration among the three cultivars and between the pre and post-harvest stages by highlighting the probable importance of proton pump activity and particularly of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis and vacuolar pH. CONCLUSIONS This model appears to be an interesting tool to study malate accumulation in pre and postharvest fruits and to get insights into the ecophysiological determinants of fruit acidity, and thus may be useful for fruit quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Etienne
- />Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR QUALISUD, Campus Agro-Environnemental Caraïbe, BP 214, 97 285 Lamentin, Cedex 2 France
| | - Michel Génard
- />INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Cultures Horticoles, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Lobit
- />Instituo de investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán CP 58880 Mexico
| | - Christophe Bugaud
- />CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, TA B-95 /16, 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
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