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Srivastava A, Ahmad R, Yadav K, Siddiqui S, Trivedi A, Misra A, Mehrotra S, Ahmad B, Ali Khan M. An update on existing therapeutic options and status of novel anti-metastatic agents in breast cancer: Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic action of Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in breast cancer attenuation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112232. [PMID: 38815352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Major significant advancements in pharmacology and drug technology have been made to heighten the impact of cancer therapies, improving the life expectancy of subjects diagnosed with malignancy. Statistically, 99% of breast cancers occur in women while 0.5-1% occur in men, the female gender being the strongest breast cancer risk factor. Despite several breakthroughs, breast cancer continues to have a worldwide impact and is one of the leading causes of mortality. Additionally, resistance to therapy is a crucial factor enabling cancer cell persistence and resurgence. As a result, the search and discovery of novel modulatory agents and effective therapies capable of controlling tumor progression and cancer cell proliferation is critical. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS), commonly known as Indian ginseng, has long been used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments in the Indian context. Recently, WS and its phytoconstituents have shown promising anti-breast cancer properties and, as such, can be employed as prophylactic as well as therapeutic adjuncts to the main line of breast cancer treatment. The present review is an attempt to explore and provide experimental evidences in support of the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of WS in breast cancer, along with a deeper insight into the multiple molecular mechanisms and novel targets through which it acts against breast and other hormonally-induced cancers viz. ovarian, uterine and cervical. This exploration might prove crucial in providing better understanding of breast cancer progression and metastasis and its use as an adjunct in improving disease prognosis and therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Srivastava
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP., India.
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Anchal Trivedi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Aparna Misra
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Sudhir Mehrotra
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP., India.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Research Cell, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Dept. of Research & Development, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
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Althobaiti NA, Al-Abbas NS, Alsharif I, Albalawi AE, Almars AI, Basabrain AA, Jafer A, Ellatif SA, Bauthman NM, Almohaimeed HM, Soliman MH. Gadd45A-mediated autophagy regulation and its impact on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Deciphering the molecular Nexus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167353. [PMID: 39004381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) gene has been implicated in various central nervous system (CNS) functions, both normal and pathological, including aging, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined whether Gadd45A deletion triggers pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Utilizing transcriptome data from AD-associated hippocampus samples, we identified Gadd45A as a pivotal regulator of autophagy. Comprehensive analyses, including Gene Ontology enrichment and protein-protein interaction network assessments, highlighted Cdkn1A as a significant downstream target of Gadd45A. Experimental validation confirmed Gadd45A's role in modulating Cdkn1A expression and autophagy levels in hippocampal cells. We also examined the effects of autophagy on hippocampal functions and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, a murine model was employed to validate the importance of Gadd45A in neuroinflammation and AD pathology. RESULTS Our study identified 20 autophagy regulatory factors associated with AD, with Gadd45A emerging as a critical regulator. Experimental findings demonstrated that Gadd45A influences hippocampal cell fate by reducing Cdkn1A expression and suppressing autophagic activity. Comparisons between wild-type (WT) and Gadd45A knockout (Gadd45A-/-) mice revealed that Gadd45A-/- mice exhibited significant cognitive impairments, including deficits in working and spatial memory, increased Tau hyperphosphorylation, and elevated levels of kinases involved in Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Additionally, Gadd45A-/- mice showed significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreases autophagy markers in the brain. Neurotrophin levels and dendritic spine length were also reduced in Gadd45A-/- mice, likely contributing to the observed cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the direct involvement of the Gadd45A gene in AD pathogenesis, and enhancing the expression of Gadd45A may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah A Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S Al-Abbas
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany I Almars
- Department of Medial Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A Basabrain
- Department of Medial Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Jafer
- Department of Medial Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Abd Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nuha M Bauthman
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang J, Li M, Nan N, Ma A, Ao M, Yu J, Wang X, Han K, Yun DJ, Liu B, Li N, Xu ZY. OsGADD45a1: a multifaceted regulator of rice architecture, grain yield, and blast resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:88. [PMID: 38461436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The homolog gene of the Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) in rice functions in the regulation of plant architecture, grain yield, and blast resistance. The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family proteins, well-established stress sensors and tumor suppressors in mammals, serve as pivotal regulators of genotoxic stress responses and tumorigenesis. In contrast, the homolog and role of GADD45 in plants have remained unclear. Herein, using forward genetics, we identified an activation tagging mutant AC13 exhibited dwarf characteristics resulting from the loss-of-function of the rice GADD45α homolog, denoted as OsGADD45a1. osgadd45a1 mutants displayed reduced plant height, shortened panicle length, and decreased grain yield compared to the wild-type Kitaake. Conversely, no obvious differences in plant height, panicle length, or grain yield were observed between wild-type and OsGADD45a1 overexpression plants. OsGADD45a1 displayed relatively high expression in germinated seeds and panicles, with localization in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested a potential role for OsGADD45a1 in the regulation of photosynthesis, and binding partner identification indicates OsGADD45a1 interacts with OsRML1 to regulate rice growth. Intriguingly, our study unveiled a novel role for OsGADD45a1 in rice blast resistance, as osgadd45a1 mutant showed enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, and the expression of OsGADD45a1 was diminished upon blast fungus treatment. The involvement of OsGADD45a1 in rice blast fungus resistance presents a groundbreaking finding. In summary, our results shed light on the multifaceted role of OsGADD45a1 in rice, encompassing biotic stress response and the modulation of several agricultural traits, including plant height, panicle length, and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Nan Nan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Min Ao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jinlei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Kangshun Han
- Rice Institute, Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Science, Tonghua, 135007, China
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 132-798, South Korea
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Griñán-Ferré C, Jarne-Ferrer J, Bellver-Sanchis A, Ribalta-Vilella M, Barroso E, Salvador JM, Jurado-Aguilar J, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M, Pallàs M. Deletion of Gadd45a Expression in Mice Leads to Cognitive and Synaptic Impairment Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2595. [PMID: 38473843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadd45 genes have been implicated in survival mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair, which are processes related to aging and life span. Here, we analyzed if the deletion of Gadd45a activates pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study used wild-type (WT) and Gadd45a knockout (Gadd45a-/-) mice to evaluate AD progression. Behavioral tests showed that Gadd45a-/- mice presented lower working and spatial memory, pointing out an apparent cognitive impairment compared with WT animals, accompanied by an increase in Tau hyperphosphorylation and the levels of kinases involved in its phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, Gadd45a-/- animals significantly increased the brain's pro-inflammatory cytokines and modified autophagy markers. Notably, neurotrophins and the dendritic spine length of the neurons were reduced in Gadd45a-/- mice, which could contribute to the cognitive alterations observed in these animals. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the lack of the Gadd45a gene activates several pathways that exacerbate AD pathology, suggesting that promoting this protein's expression or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy to slow down AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Júlia Jarne-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Bellver-Sanchis
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribalta-Vilella
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Xu W, Jiang T, Shen K, Zhao D, Zhang M, Zhu W, Liu Y, Xu C. GADD45B regulates the carcinogenesis process of chronic atrophic gastritis and the metabolic pathways of gastric cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224832. [PMID: 37608794 PMCID: PMC10441793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer continues to be a significant global healthcare challenge, and its burden remains substantial. The development of gastric cancer (GC) is closely linked to chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), yet there is a scarcity of research exploring the underlying mechanisms of CAG-induced carcinogenesis. Methods In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the oncogenes involved in CAG using both bulk transcriptome and single-cell transcriptome data. Our approach employed hdWGCNA to identify pathogenic genes specific to CAG, with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) serving as the control group. Additionally, we compared CAG with GC, using normal gastric tissue as the control group in the single-cell transcriptome analysis. By intersecting the identified pathogenic genes, we pinpointed key network molecules through protein interaction network analysis. To further refine the gene selection, we applied LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF techniques, which resulted in a set of cancer-related genes (CRGs) associated with CAG. To identify CRGs potentially linked to gastric cancer progression, we performed a univariate COX regression analysis on the gene set. Subsequently, we explored the relationship between CRGs and immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, and clinical characteristics in gastric cancer patients. We employed GSVA to investigate how CRGs regulated signaling pathways in gastric cancer cells, while an analysis of cell communication shed light on the impact of CRGs on signal transmission within the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment. Lastly, we analyzed changes in metabolic pathways throughout the progression of gastric cancer. Results Using hdWGCNA, we have identified a total of 143 pathogenic genes that were shared by CAG and GC. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted protein interaction network analysis and employed machine learning screening techniques. As a result, we have identified 15 oncogenes that are specifically associated with chronic atrophic gastritis. By performing ROC reanalysis and prognostic analysis, we have determined that GADD45B is the most significant gene involved in the carcinogenesis of CAG. Immunohistochemical staining and differential analysis have revealed that GADD45B expression was low in GC tissues while high in normal gastric tissues. Moreover, based on prognostic analysis, high expression of GADD45B has been correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Additionally, an analysis of immune infiltration has shown a relationship between GADD45B and the infiltration of various immune cells. By correlating GADD45B with clinical characteristics, we have found that it primarily affects the depth of invasion in GC. Through cell communication analysis, we have discovered that the CD99 signaling pathway network and the CDH signaling pathway network are the main communication pathways that significantly alter the microenvironment of gastric tissue during the development of chronic atrophic gastritis. Specifically, GADD45B-low GC cells were predominantly involved in the network communication of the CDH signaling pathway, while GADD45B-high GC cells played a crucial role in both signaling pathways. Furthermore, we have identified several metabolic pathways, including D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism and N-Glycan biosynthesis, among others, that played important roles in the occurrence and progression of GC, in addition to the six other metabolic pathways. In summary, our study highlighted the discovery of 143 pathogenic genes shared by CAG and GC, with a specific focus on 15 oncogenes associated with CAG. We have identified GADD45B as the most important gene in the carcinogenesis of CAG, which exhibited differential expression in GC tissues compared to normal gastric tissues. Moreover, GADD45B expression was correlated with patient prognosis and is associated with immune cell infiltration. Our findings also emphasized the impact of the CD99 and CDH signaling pathway networks on the microenvironment of gastric tissue during the development of CAG. Additionally, we have identified key metabolic pathways involved in GC progression. Conclusion GADD45B, an oncogene implicated in chronic atrophic gastritis, played a critical role in GC development. Decreased expression of GADD45B was associated with the onset of GC. Moreover, GADD45B expression levels were closely tied to poor prognosis in GC patients, influencing the infiltration patterns of various cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as impacting the metabolic pathways involved in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianxiao Jiang
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanger Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Third People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Thakur C, Qiu Y, Fu Y, Bi Z, Zhang W, Ji H, Chen F. Epigenetics and environment in breast cancer: New paradigms for anti-cancer therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971288. [PMID: 36185256 PMCID: PMC9520778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Delayed presentation of the disease, late stage at diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, metastasis, and relapse are the major factors contributing to breast cancer mortality. The development and progression of breast cancer is a complex and multi-step process that incorporates an accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic alterations. External environmental factors and internal cellular microenvironmental cues influence the occurrence of these alterations that drives tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art information on the epigenetics of breast cancer and how environmental risk factors orchestrate major epigenetic events, emphasizing the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach toward a better understanding of the gene-environment interactions implicated in breast cancer. Since epigenetic modifications are reversible and are susceptible to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli, they offer potential avenues that can be targeted for designing robust breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Haoyan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Sinha BK, Tokar EJ, Bortner CD. Molecular Mechanisms of Cytotoxicty of NCX4040, the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory NO-Donor, in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158611. [PMID: 35955744 PMCID: PMC9369271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NCX4040, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory-NO donor, is cytotoxic to several human tumors, including ovarian tumor cells. We have found that NCX4040 is also cytotoxic against both OVCAR-8 and its adriamycin resistant (NCI/ADR-RES) tumor cell lines. Here, we have examined mechanism(s) for the cytotoxicity of NCX4040 in OVCAR-8 and NCI/ADR-RES cell lines. We found that NCX4040 induced significant apoptosis in both cell lines. Furthermore, NCX4040 treatment caused significant depletion of cellular glutathione, causing oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Significantly more ROS/RNS were detected in OVCAR-8 cells than in NCI/ADR-RES cells which may have resulted from increased activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and transferases expressed in NCI/ADR-RES cells. NCX4040 treatment resulted in the formation of double-strand DNA breaks in both cells; however, more of these DNA breaks were detected in OVCAR-8 cells. RT-PCR studies indicated that NCX4040-induced DNA damage was not repaired as efficiently in NCI/ADR-RES cells as in OVCAR-8 cells which may lead to a differential cell death. Pretreatment of OVCAR-8 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly decreased cytotoxicity of NCX4040 in OVCAR-8 cells; however, NAC had no effects on NCX4040 cytotoxicity in NCI/ADR-RES cells. In contrast, FeTPPS, a peroxynitrite scavenger, completely blocked NCX4040-induced cell death in both cells, suggesting that NCX4040-induced cell death could be mediated by peroxynitrite formed from NCX4040 following cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K. Sinha
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-984-287-3382
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Carl D. Bortner
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
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Weber Boutros S, Unni VK, Raber J. An Adaptive Role for DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Hippocampus-Dependent Learning and Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8352. [PMID: 35955487 PMCID: PMC9368779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), classified as the most harmful type of DNA damage based on the complexity of repair, lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. In aging, DNA damage increases and DNA repair decreases. This is exacerbated in disease, as post-mortem tissue from patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) show increased DSBs. A novel role for DSBs in immediate early gene (IEG) expression, learning, and memory has been suggested. Inducing neuronal activity leads to increases in DSBs and upregulation of IEGs, while increasing DSBs and inhibiting DSB repair impairs long-term memory and alters IEG expression. Consistent with this pattern, mice carrying dominant AD mutations have increased baseline DSBs, and impaired DSB repair is observed. These data suggest an adaptive role for DSBs in the central nervous system and dysregulation of DSBs and/or repair might drive age-related cognitive decline (ACD), MCI, and AD. In this review, we discuss the adaptive role of DSBs in hippocampus-dependent learning, memory, and IEG expression. We summarize IEGs, the history of DSBs, and DSBs in synaptic plasticity, aging, and AD. DSBs likely have adaptive functions in the brain, and even subtle alterations in their formation and repair could alter IEGs, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Parkinson Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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9
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Changes in the Transcriptome Caused by Mutations in the Ribosomal Protein uS10 Associated with a Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116174. [PMID: 35682850 PMCID: PMC9181716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of mutations in the RPS20 gene encoding the ribosomal protein uS10 have been found to be associated with a predisposition to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We transfected HEK293T cells with constructs carrying the uS10 minigene with mutations identical to those mentioned above and examined the effects of the produced proteins on the cellular transcriptome. We showed that uS10 with mutations p.V50SfsX23 or p.L61EfsX11 cannot be incorporated into 40S ribosomal subunits, while the protein with the missense mutation p.V54L functionally replaces the respective endogenous protein in the 40S subunit assembly and the translation process. The comparison of RNA-seq data obtained from cells producing aberrant forms of uS10 with data for those producing the wild-type protein revealed overlapping sets of upregulated and downregulated differently expressed genes (DEGs) related to several pathways. Among the limited number of upregulated DEGs, there were genes directly associated with the progression of CRC, e.g., PPM1D and PIGN. Our findings indicate that the accumulation of the mutant forms of uS10 triggers a cascade of cellular events, similar to that which is triggered when the cell responds to a large number of erroneous proteins, suggesting that this may increase the risk of cancer.
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10
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DNMT3B System Dysregulation Contributes to the Hypomethylated State in Ischaemic Human Hearts. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040866. [PMID: 35453616 PMCID: PMC9029641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A controversial understanding of the state of the DNA methylation machinery exists in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Moreover, its relationship to other epigenetic alterations is incomplete. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth study of the DNA methylation process in human cardiac tissue. We showed a dysregulation of the DNA methylation machinery accordingly with the genome-wide hypomethylation that we observed: specifically, an overexpression of main genes involved in the elimination of methyl groups (TET1, SMUG1), and underexpression of molecules implicated in the maintenance of methylation (MBD2, UHRF1). By contrast, we found DNMT3B upregulation, a key molecule in the addition of methyl residues in DNA, and an underexpression of miR-133a-3p, an inhibitor of DNMT3B transcription. However, we found many relevant alterations that would counteract the upregulation observed, such as the overexpression of TRAF6, responsible for Dnmt3b degradation. Furthermore, we showed that molecules regulating Dnmts activity were altered; specifically, SAM/SAH ratio reduction. All these results are in concordance with the Dnmts normal function that we show. Our analysis revealed genome-wide hypomethylation along with dysregulation in the mechanisms of addition, elimination and maintenance of methyl groups in the DNA of ICM. We describe relevant alterations in the DNMT3B system, which promote a normal Dnmt3b function despite its upregulation.
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11
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Yamazoe T, Nakahara Y, Katsube H, Inoue YH. Expression of Human Mutant Preproinsulins Induced Unfolded Protein Response, Gadd45 Expression, JAK-STAT Activation, and Growth Inhibition in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12038. [PMID: 34769468 PMCID: PMC8584581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the insulin gene (INS) are frequently associated with human permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms underlying the onset of this genetic disease is not sufficiently decoded. We induced expression of two types of human mutant INSs in Drosophila using its ectopic expression system and investigated the resultant responses in development. Expression of the wild-type preproinsulin in the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) throughout the larval stage led to a stimulation of the overall and wing growth. However, ectopic expression of human mutant preproinsulins, hINSC96Y and hINSLB15YB16delinsH, neither of which secreted from the β-cells, could not stimulate the Drosophila growth. Furthermore, neither of the mutant polypeptides induced caspase activation leading to apoptosis. Instead, they induced expression of several markers indicating the activation of unfolded protein response, such as ER stress-dependent Xbp1 mRNA splicing and ER chaperone induction. We newly found that the mutant polypeptides induced the expression of Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) in imaginal disc cells. ER stress induced by hINSC96Y also activated the JAK-STAT signaling, involved in inflammatory responses. Collectively, we speculate that the diabetes-like growth defects appeared as a consequence of the human mutant preproinsulin expression was involved in dysfunction of the IPCs, rather than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-0962, Sakyo, Japan; (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (H.K.)
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12
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Smaldone G, Caruso D, Sandomenico A, Iaccarino E, Focà A, Ruggiero A, Ruvo M, Vitagliano L. Members of the GADD45 Protein Family Show Distinct Propensities to form Toxic Amyloid-Like Aggregates in Physiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10700. [PMID: 34639041 PMCID: PMC8509203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The three members (GADD45α, GADD45β, and GADD45γ) of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) protein family are involved in a myriad of diversified cellular functions. With the aim of unravelling analogies and differences, we performed comparative biochemical and biophysical analyses on the three proteins. The characterization and quantification of their binding to the MKK7 kinase, a validated functional partner of GADD45β, indicate that GADD45α and GADD45γ are strong interactors of the kinase. Despite their remarkable sequence similarity, the three proteins present rather distinct biophysical properties. Indeed, while GADD45β and GADD45γ are marginally stable at physiological temperatures, GADD45α presents the Tm value expected for a protein isolated from a mesophilic organism. Surprisingly, GADD45α and GADD45β, when heated, form high-molecular weight species that exhibit features (ThT binding and intrinsic label-free UV/visible fluorescence) proper of amyloid-like aggregates. Cell viability studies demonstrate that they are endowed with a remarkable toxicity against SHSY-5Y and HepG2 cells. The very uncommon property of GADD45β to form cytotoxic species in near-physiological conditions represents a puzzling finding with potential functional implications. Finally, the low stability and/or the propensity to form toxic species of GADD45 proteins constitute important features that should be considered in interpreting their many functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Caruso
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Annalia Focà
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessia Ruggiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
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13
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Ravel-Godreuil C, Massiani-Beaudoin O, Mailly P, Prochiantz A, Joshi RL, Fuchs J. Perturbed DNA methylation by Gadd45b induces chromatin disorganization, DNA strand breaks and dopaminergic neuron death. iScience 2021; 24:102756. [PMID: 34278264 PMCID: PMC8264156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, but few studies have explored the contribution of key hallmarks of aging, namely DNA methylation changes and heterochromatin destructuration, in the neurodegenerative process. Here, we investigated the consequences of viral overexpression of Gadd45b, a multifactorial protein involved in DNA demethylation, in the mouse midbrain. Gadd45b overexpression induced global and stable changes in DNA methylation, particularly in introns of genes related to neuronal functions, as well as on LINE-1 transposable elements. This was paralleled by disorganized heterochromatin, increased DNA damage, and vulnerability to oxidative stress. LINE-1 de-repression, a potential source of DNA damage, preceded Gadd45b-induced neurodegeneration, whereas prolonged Gadd45b expression deregulated expression of genes related to heterochromatin maintenance, DNA methylation, or Parkinson's disease. Our data indicates that aging-related alterations contribute to dopaminergic neuron degeneration with potential implications for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ravel-Godreuil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Massiani-Beaudoin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Orion Imaging Facility, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Rajiv L. Joshi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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14
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Mohanan G, Das A, Rajyaguru PI. Genotoxic stress response: What is the role of cytoplasmic mRNA fate? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000311. [PMID: 34096096 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress leads to DNA damage which can be detrimental to the cell. A well-orchestrated cellular response is mounted to manage and repair the genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage. Our understanding of genotoxic stress response is derived mainly from studies focused on transcription, mRNA splicing, and protein turnover. Surprisingly not as much is understood about the role of mRNA translation and decay in genotoxic stress response. This is despite the fact that regulation of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation and decay plays a critical role in a myriad of cellular processes. This review aims to summarize some of the known findings of the role of mRNA translation and decay by focusing on two categories of examples. We discuss examples of mRNA whose fates are regulated in the cytoplasm and RNA-binding proteins that regulate mRNA fates in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Mohanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amiyaranjan Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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15
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Wu L, Jiao Y, Li Y, Jiang J, Zhao L, Li M, Li B, Yan Z, Chen X, Li X, Lu Y. Hepatic Gadd45β promotes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance through DNA demethylation of PGC-1α. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201475. [PMID: 33688917 PMCID: PMC7953268 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although widely used for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, the prescription of glucocorticoid analogues (e.g., dexamethasone) has been associated with deleterious glucose metabolism, compromising their long-term therapeutic use. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, through transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of two mouse models, we identified a growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible β (Gadd45β)-dependent pathway that stimulates hepatic glucose production (HGP). Functional studies showed that overexpression of Gadd45β in vivo or in cultured hepatocytes activates gluconeogenesis and increases HGP. In contrast, liver-specific Gadd45β-knockout mice were resistant to high-fat diet- or steroid-induced hyperglycemia. Of pathophysiological significance, hepatic Gadd45β expression is up-regulated in several mouse models of obesity and diabetic patients. Mechanistically, Gadd45β promotes DNA demethylation of PGC-1α promoter in conjunction with TET1, thereby stimulating PGC-1α expression to promote gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia. Collectively, these findings unveil an epigenomic signature involving Gadd45β/TET1/DNA demethylation in hepatic glucose metabolism, enabling the identification of pathogenic factors in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Hennigs JK, Cao A, Li CG, Shi M, Mienert J, Miyagawa K, Körbelin J, Marciano DP, Chen PI, Roughley M, Elliott MV, Harper RL, Bill M, Chappell J, Moonen JR, Diebold I, Wang L, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. PPARγ-p53-Mediated Vasculoregenerative Program to Reverse Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 128:401-418. [PMID: 33322916 PMCID: PMC7908816 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), endothelial dysfunction and obliterative vascular disease are associated with DNA damage and impaired signaling of BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor) via two downstream transcription factors, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), and p53. OBJECTIVE We investigated the vasculoprotective and regenerative potential of a newly identified PPARγ-p53 transcription factor complex in the pulmonary endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identified a pharmacologically inducible vasculoprotective mechanism in pulmonary arterial and lung MV (microvascular) endothelial cells in response to DNA damage and oxidant stress regulated in part by a BMPR2 dependent transcription factor complex between PPARγ and p53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing established an inducible PPARγ-p53 mediated regenerative program regulating 19 genes involved in lung endothelial cell survival, angiogenesis and DNA repair including, EPHA2 (ephrin type-A receptor 2), FHL2 (four and a half LIM domains protein 2), JAG1 (jagged 1), SULF2 (extracellular sulfatase Sulf-2), and TIGAR (TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator). Expression of these genes was partially impaired when the PPARγ-p53 complex was pharmacologically disrupted or when BMPR2 was reduced in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) subjected to oxidative stress. In endothelial cell-specific Bmpr2-knockout mice unable to stabilize p53 in endothelial cells under oxidative stress, Nutlin-3 rescued endothelial p53 and PPARγ-p53 complex formation and induced target genes, such as APLN (apelin) and JAG1, to regenerate pulmonary microvessels and reverse pulmonary hypertension. In PAECs from BMPR2 mutant PAH patients, pharmacological induction of p53 and PPARγ-p53 genes repaired damaged DNA utilizing genes from the nucleotide excision repair pathway without provoking PAEC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel therapeutic strategy that activates a vasculoprotective gene regulation program in PAECs downstream of dysfunctional BMPR2 to rehabilitate PAH PAECs, regenerate pulmonary microvessels, and reverse disease. Our studies pave the way for p53-based vasculoregenerative therapies for PAH by extending the therapeutic focus to PAEC dysfunction and to DNA damage associated with PAH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pneumology & Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caiyun G. Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minyi Shi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Mienert
- Department of Pneumology & Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Pneumology & Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David P. Marciano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pin-I Chen
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Roughley
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew V. Elliott
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Harper
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Bill
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Chappell
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Isabel Diebold
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lingli Wang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Chang MC, Tang CM, Lin YH, Liu HC, Wang TM, Lan WC, Cheng RH, Lin YR, Chang HH, Jeng JH. Toxic mechanisms of Roth801, Canals, microparticles and nanoparticles of ZnO on MG-63 osteoblasts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111635. [PMID: 33321673 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZnO eugenol-based materials are widely used for restoration of caries cavity, apical retrograde filling and root canal sealer. Their effects on apical bone healing await investigation. The toxic mechanisms of ZnO particles and nanoparticles to MG-63 osteoblastic cells were studied. We found the different morphology and size of various particles as observed by scanning electron microscope. Particles of Canals and Roth801 were larger than ZnO-205532 microparticles and ZnO-677450 nanoparticles. Four ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity (>25 μg/ml) as analyzed by MTT. Transmission electron microscope found intracellular vacuoles with particle content. Exposure to ZnO particles induced ROS production and cell cycle arrest as studied by DCF and propidium iodide flow cytometry. ZnO particles activated ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, γ-H2AX, ERK and p38 phosphorylation as detected by immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. The protein expression of cdc2, cyclin B1 and cdc25C were decreased, whereas GADD45α and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were stimulated. ZnO particles' cytotoxicity to MG63 cells was prevented by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not CGK733, AZD7762, U0126 and SB203580. ZnO showed little effect on IL-8 and sICAM-1 secretion. These results indicated that ZnO particles are toxic to osteoblasts. ZnO particles' toxicity were related to ROS, and DNA damage responses, checkpoint kinases, cell cycle arrest, ERK and p38 signaling, but not IL-8 and ICAM-1. These results were useful for materials' development and promote apical healing. Dentists should avoid of extruding ZnO-based sealers excessively over root apex and prevent residual ZnO-based retrograde filling materials in apical area during endodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Mei Tang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - Tong-Mei Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Lan
- Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management & Health, Keelong, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiu Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Lin
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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18
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Status epilepticus induced Gadd45b is required for augmented dentate neurogenesis. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102102. [PMID: 33279798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the status epilepticus (SE) leads to a dramatic increase in number of newly born neuron in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of dentate gyrus. How the SE confers a modulation in the dentate neurogenesis is mostly unknown. Gadd45b is involved in epigenetic gene activation by DNA demethylation. This study was performed to present a novel mechanism underling SE-induced dentate neurogenesis. A transient induction (12 hrs to 3 days) of Gadd45b was observed in dentate gyrus of mice after pilocarpine-induced SE. Labeling the dividing cells with BrdU, we next found that the induction of Gadd45b was required to increase the rate of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus at 7 and 14 days after SE. Afterward, the DNA methylation levels for candidate growth factor genes critical for the adult neurogenesis were assayed with Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer. The results indicated that Gadd45b was necessary for SE-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes in the dentate gyrus, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Using Timm staining, we further suggested that SE-induced Gadd45b might contribute to the subsequent mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the chronically epileptic hippocampus via epigenetic regulation of dentate neurogenesis at early stage after SE. Together, Gadd45b links pilocarpine-induced SE to epigenetic DNA modification of secreted factors in the dentate gyrus, leading to extrinsic modulation on the neurogenesis.
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Raj S, Kyono Y, Sifuentes CJ, Arellanes-Licea EDC, Subramani A, Denver RJ. Thyroid Hormone Induces DNA Demethylation in Xenopus Tadpole Brain. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa155. [PMID: 32865566 PMCID: PMC7947600 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays pivotal roles in vertebrate development, acting via nuclear T3 receptors (TRs) that regulate gene transcription by promoting post-translational modifications to histones. Methylation of cytosine residues in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) also modulates gene transcription, and our recent finding of predominant DNA demethylation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles at metamorphosis, a T3-dependent developmental process, caused us to hypothesize that T3 induces these changes in vivo. Treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles with T3 for 24 or 48 hours increased immunoreactivity in several brain regions for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and 5-carboxylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3). Thyroid hormone treatment induced locus-specific DNA demethylation in proximity to known T3 response elements within the DNA methyltransferase 3a and Krüppel-like factor 9 genes, analyzed by 5-hmC immunoprecipitation and methylation sensitive restriction enzyme digest. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that T3 induced TET3 recruitment to these loci. Furthermore, the messenger ribonucleic acid for several genes encoding DNA demethylation enzymes were induced by T3 in a time-dependent manner in tadpole brain. A TR ChIP-sequencing experiment identified putative TR binding sites at several of these genes, and we provide multiple lines of evidence to support that tet2 contains a bona fide T3 response element. Our findings show that T3 can promote DNA demethylation in developing tadpole brain, in part by promoting TET3 recruitment to discrete genomic regions, and by inducing genes that encode DNA demethylation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhitha Raj
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yasuhiro Kyono
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher J Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ. DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain. Dev Biol 2020; 462:180-196. [PMID: 32240642 PMCID: PMC7251973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kyono
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samhitha Raj
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher J Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR-7221, Centre National de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Sachs
- UMR-7221, Centre National de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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21
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Interplay between BRCA1 and GADD45A and Its Potential for Nucleotide Excision Repair in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030870. [PMID: 32013256 PMCID: PMC7037490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of breast cancer cases are associated with mutations in the BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein) gene, whose mutated product may disrupt the repair of DNA double-strand breaks as BRCA1 is directly involved in the homologous recombination repair of such DNA damage. However, BRCA1 can stimulate nucleotide excision repair (NER), the most versatile system of DNA repair processing a broad spectrum of substrates and playing an important role in the maintenance of genome stability. NER removes carcinogenic adducts of diol-epoxy derivatives of benzo[α]pyrene that may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis as their accumulation is observed in breast cancer patients. NER deficiency was postulated to be intrinsic in stage I of sporadic breast cancer. BRCA1 also interacts with GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha) that may target NER machinery to actively demethylate genome sites in order to change the expression of genes that may be important in breast cancer. Therefore, the interaction between BRCA1 and GADD45 may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis through the stimulation of NER, increasing the genomic stability, removing carcinogenic adducts, and the local active demethylation of genes important for cancer transformation.
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Mancini M, De Santis S, Monaldi C, Bavaro L, Martelli M, Gugliotta G, Castagnetti F, Rosti G, Santucci MA, Martinelli G, Cavo M, Soverini S. Ponatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines targets aurora kinase A/FOXM1 axis. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:201-203. [PMID: 31990987 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Santis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Bavaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Martelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Rosti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Santucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) Srl, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale-DIMES-Istituto di Ematologia "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Effect of Bortezomib on Global Gene Expression in PC12-Derived Nerve Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030751. [PMID: 31979371 PMCID: PMC7038167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the main side-effects of novel therapeutics used in oncohematological diseases, but the molecular basis underlying its development and progression as well as neurotoxicity mechanisms induced by the use of these therapeutics are still not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of bortezomib on global gene and miRNA expression on PC12-derived nerve cells. Microarray analysis showed that expression of 1383 genes was downregulated at least two fold and 671 genes were upregulated at least two fold in PC12-derived nerve cells treated with bortezomib compared to untreated/control cells. Analysis of functional annotations mainly identified downregulated processes (e.g., regulation of cell cycle, DNA replication and repair, regulation of cell migration, neuron projection morphogenesis and neurotransmitter secretion). The result of miRNA expression analysis demonstrated only 11 significantly downregulated miRNAs (at least two fold) in bortezomib-treated PC12-derived nerve cells vs. control cells. MiRNAs regulate gene expression, therefore we decided to conduct an analysis comparing the outcomes of miRNA microarray expression data to the obtained mRNA data. The most interesting miRNA–target gene correlation is downregulated expression of miR-130a-3p and miR-152-3p and as a result of this downregulation the expression of the Gadd45 increased. This gene is a member of a group of genes, the transcript expression of which is enhanced after stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents like drugs or mutagens.
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Li C, Ming Y, Wang Z, Xu Q, Yao L, Xu D, Tang Y, Lei X, Li X, Mao Y. GADD45α alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting AMPK activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:129-145. [PMID: 30151693 PMCID: PMC11105285 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses. In many countries, the overuse of APAP provokes acute liver injury and even liver failure. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most used experimental model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we have demonstrated elevated levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45α) in the livers of patients with DILI/AILI, in APAP-injured mouse livers and in APAP-treated hepatocytes. GADD45α exhibited a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury and alleviated the accumulation of small lipid droplets in vitro and in vivo. We found that GADD45α promoted the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α and induced fatty acid beta-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycogenolysis-related gene expression after APAP exposure. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that GADD45α increased the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Ppp2cb, a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, could interact directly with GADD45α. Our results indicate that hepatocyte GADD45α might represent a therapeutic target to prevent and rescue liver injury caused by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lvfeng Yao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyue Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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He GQ, Xu WM, Liao HJ, Jiang C, Li CQ, Zhang W. Silencing Huwe1 reduces apoptosis of cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1977-1985. [PMID: 31290456 PMCID: PMC6676871 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (Huwe1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is widely expressed in brain tissue. Huwe1 is involved in the turnover of numerous substrates, including p53, Mcl-1, Cdc6 and N-myc, thereby playing a critical role in apoptosis and neurogenesis. However, the role of Huwe1 in brain ischemia and reperfusion injury remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Huwe1 in an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. At 3 days in vitro, primary cortical neurons were transduced with a control or shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector to silence expression of Huwe1. At 7 days in vitro, the cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. To examine the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway, cortical neurons were pretreated with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or a p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203508) for 30 minutes at 7 days in vitro, followed by ischemia and reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Protein expression levels of JNK and p38MAPK and of apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Gadd45a, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence labeling for cleaved caspase-3 was performed. We observed a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis and Huwe1 expression after ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector markedly decreased Huwe1 levels, and significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells after ischemia and reperfusion. The silencing vector also downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Gadd45a and Bcl-2. Silencing Huwe1 also significantly reduced p-JNK levels and increased p-p38 levels. Our findings show that downregulating Huwe1 affects the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways as well as the expression of apoptosis-related genes to provide neuroprotection during ischemia and reperfusion. All animal experiments and procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan University, China in January 2018 (approval No. 2018013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liao
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Diao D, Wang H, Li T, Shi Z, Jin X, Sperka T, Zhu X, Zhang M, Yang F, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhan Q, Yan J, Song Z, Ju Z. Telomeric epigenetic response mediated by Gadd45a regulates stem cell aging and lifespan. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745494. [PMID: 30126922 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive attrition of telomeres triggers DNA damage response (DDR) and limits the regenerative capacity of adult stem cells during mammalian aging. Intriguingly, telomere integrity is not only determined by telomere length but also by the epigenetic status of telomeric/sub-telomeric regions. However, the functional interplay between DDR induced by telomere shortening and epigenetic modifications in aging remains unclear. Here, we show that deletion of Gadd45a improves the maintenance and function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and prolongs lifespan of telomerase-deficient mice (G3Terc -/-). Mechanistically, Gadd45a facilitates the generation of a permissive chromatin state for DDR signaling by inducing base excision repair-dependent demethylation of CpG islands specifically at sub-telomeric regions of short telomeres. Deletion of Gadd45a promotes chromatin compaction in sub-telomeric regions and attenuates DDR initiation at short telomeres of G3Terc -/- ISCs. Treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of base excision repair reduces DDR and improves the maintenance and function of G3Terc -/- ISCs. Taken together, our study proposes a therapeutic approach to enhance stem cell function and prolong lifespan by targeting epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tangliang Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhencan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tobias Sperka
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China .,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Schäfer A, Mekker B, Mallick M, Vastolo V, Karaulanov E, Sebastian D, von der Lippen C, Epe B, Downes DJ, Scholz C, Niehrs C. Impaired DNA demethylation of C/EBP sites causes premature aging. Genes Dev 2018; 32:742-762. [PMID: 29884649 PMCID: PMC6049513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311969.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Schäfer et al. investigated whether DNA methylation alterations are involved in aging. Using knockout mice for adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET methylcytosine dioxygenases Gadd45a and Ing1, they show that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Changes in DNA methylation are among the best-documented epigenetic alterations accompanying organismal aging. However, whether and how altered DNA methylation is causally involved in aging have remained elusive. GADD45α (growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45A) and ING1 (inhibitor of growth family member 1) are adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that Gadd45a/Ing1 double-knockout mice display segmental progeria and phenocopy impaired energy homeostasis and lipodystrophy characteristic of Cebp (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) mutants. Correspondingly, GADD45α occupies C/EBPβ/δ-dependent superenhancers and, cooperatively with ING1, promotes local DNA demethylation via long-range chromatin loops to permit C/EBPβ recruitment. The results indicate that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Our study suggests a causal nexus between DNA demethylation, metabolism, and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carina von der Lippen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Damien J Downes
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Carola Scholz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center-Center for Molecular Biology (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Nerve Injury-Induced Chronic Pain Is Associated with Persistent DNA Methylation Reprogramming in Dorsal Root Ganglion. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6090-6101. [PMID: 29875269 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2616-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced hyperactivity of primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to chronic pain development, but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we determined genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in the nervous system in neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL), but not paclitaxel treatment, in male Sprague Dawley rats induced a consistent low-level hypomethylation in the CpG sites in the DRG during the acute and chronic phases of neuropathic pain. DNA methylation remodeling in the DRG occurred early after SNL and persisted for at least 3 weeks. SNL caused DNA methylation changes at 8% of CpG sites with prevailing hypomethylation outside of CpG islands, in introns, intergenic regions, and repetitive sequences. In contrast, SNL caused more gains of methylation in the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex. The DNA methylation changes in the injured DRGs recapitulated developmental reprogramming at the neonatal stage. Methylation reprogramming was correlated with increased gene expression variability. A diet deficient in methyl donors induced hypomethylation and pain hypersensitivity. Intrathecal administration of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 caused long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. DNA methylation reprogramming in the DRG thus contributes to nerve injury-induced chronic pain. Restoring DNA methylation may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Epigenetic mechanisms are critically involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain after nerve injury. However, genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in the nervous system and their roles in neuropathic pain development remain unclear. Here we used digital restriction enzyme analysis of methylation to quantitatively determine genome-wide DNA methylation changes caused by nerve injury. We showed that nerve injury caused DNA methylation changes at 8% of CpG sites with prevailing hypomethylation outside of CpG islands in the dorsal root ganglion. Reducing DNA methylation induced pain hypersensitivity, whereas increasing DNA methylation attenuated neuropathic pain. These findings extend our understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of chronic neuropathic pain and suggest new strategies to treat nerve injury-induced chronic pain.
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Huang H, Wang Q, Du T, Lin C, Lai Y, Zhu D, Wu W, Ma X, Bai S, Li Z, Liu L, Li Q. Matrine inhibits the progression of prostate cancer by promoting expression of GADD45B. Prostate 2018; 78:327-335. [PMID: 29356020 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens. It has been demonstrated to exhibit antiproliferative properties, promote apoptosis, and inhibit cell invasion in a number of cancer cell lines by modulating the NF-κB pathway to downregulate the expression of MMP2 and MM9. It has also been shown to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy when it is combined with other chemotherapy drugs. However, the therapeutic potential of matrine for prostate cancer needs to be further studied. METHODS We analyzed KEGG pathways of differential gene expression between matrine-treated and untreated prostate cancer cell lines and identified GADD45B as one of major target genes of matrine based on its role in apoptosis and prognosis value for prostate cancer patients in TCGA database. We further analyzed the expression of GADD45B protein in a tissue microarray and mRNA in TCGA database, and tested the synergistic impacts of matrine and GADD45B overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell DU145. RESULTS Matrine promoted the expression of GADD45B, a tumor suppressive gene that is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA damage repair, cell survival, aging, apoptosis and other cellular processes through p38/JNK, ROS-GADD45B-p38, or other signal pathways. Although GADD45B is elevated in prostate cancer tissues, levels of GADD45B in prostate tumor tissues are reduced at late stage of tumor invasion, and higher levels of GADD45B predict better survivals of prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Matrine may be used to treat prostate cancer patients to increase the levels of GADD45B to inhibit tumor invasion and improve patient survivals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhao Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Soumin Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zean Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou L, Wang W, Yang C, Zeng T, Hu M, Wang X, Li N, Sun K, Wang C, Zhou J, Ren M, Yan L. GADD45a Promotes Active DNA Demethylation of the MMP-9 Promoter via Base Excision Repair Pathway in AGEs-Treated Keratinocytes and in Diabetic Male Rat Skin. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1172-1186. [PMID: 29244109 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes elevates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels in the skin and its keratinocytes, and activated MMP-9 impairs skin wound healing. Epigenetic regulation of the DNA methylation status within the MMP-9 promoter plays an important role in the alteration of MMP-9 expression. Our aim was to investigate the role and mechanism of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45a (GADD45a), a well-known DNA demethylation regulatory protein that mediates DNA methylation, in the regulation of MMP-9 expression. In this study, we showed that GADD45a was markedly upregulated in skin tissues from patients with diabetic foot ulcers, in diabetic rats, and in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells exposed to advanced glycation end products. We observed a substantial positive correlation between the levels of GADD45a and MMP-9 expression. Knockdown of GADD45a ameliorated the increase in MMP-9 transcription induced by a diabetic condition by inhibiting demethylation in the MMP-9 promoter and promoted diabetic HaCaT cell migration, but GADD45a knockdown did not affect HaCaT cell proliferation or apoptosis. Additionally, we demonstrated that overexpression of GADD45a activated MMP-9 expression by inducing promoter demethylation. Moreover, we found that GADD45a binds to the promoter of MMP-9 and recruits thymine-DNA glycosylase for base excision repair-mediated demethylation in diabetic HaCaT cells and diabetic rat skin. Our results reveal a mechanism in which GADD45a is required for demethylation of the MMP-9 promoter and the induction of diabetic wound healing. The inhibition of GADD45a might be a therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot ulcers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Demethylation
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Foot/genetics
- Diabetic Foot/metabolism
- Diabetic Foot/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Wound Healing/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Begalli F, Bennett J, Capece D, Verzella D, D'Andrea D, Tornatore L, Franzoso G. Unlocking the NF-κB Conundrum: Embracing Complexity to Achieve Specificity. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E50. [PMID: 28829404 PMCID: PMC5618308 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family are central coordinating regulators of the host defence responses to stress, injury and infection. Aberrant NF-κB activation also contributes to the pathogenesis of some of the most common current threats to global human health, including chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, vascular diseases and the majority of cancers. Accordingly, the NF-κB pathway is widely considered an attractive therapeutic target in a broad range of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Yet, despite the aggressive efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop a specific NF-κB inhibitor, none has been clinically approved, due to the dose-limiting toxicities associated with the global suppression of NF-κB. In this review, we summarise the main strategies historically adopted to therapeutically target the NF-κB pathway with an emphasis on oncology, and some of the emerging strategies and newer agents being developed to pharmacologically inhibit this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Begalli
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Jason Bennett
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Laura Tornatore
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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32
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Fu L, Li C, Lillico DME, Phillips NAI, Gamal El-Din M, Belosevic M, Stafford JL. Comparison of the Acute Immunotoxicity of Nonfractionated and Fractionated Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Using Mammalian Macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8624-8634. [PMID: 28682603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OSPW is a complex mixture of inorganic and organic substances and its principal toxic components have yet to be fully characterized. Previously, we showed in vitro that the oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) organic fraction (OF) caused a concentration-dependent immunotoxicity in mammals. In the present study we further explore the immunotoxicological properties of OSPW in mammals using a series of in vitro bioassays. Specifically, using the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line we show that whole OSPW containing naphthenic acid (NA) concentrations ranging from 12 to 18 mg/L, significantly inhibited cell proliferation, reduced cell viability, and was directly cytotoxic, whereas the exposure of cells to equivalent doses of the OSPW-OF had no measurable effects. Whole OSPW exposures also caused morphological changes in RAW 264.7 cells, and at sublethal doses (i.e., 10 mg/L) it induced the early expression of the stress genes hmox1 and gadd45. In addition, at NA concentrations of 10 mg/L, whole OSPW but not the OSPW-OF had significant effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and cytokine protein secretion activities. Finally, whole OSPW also impaired the ability of RAW 264.7 cells to perform phagocytosis. Overall, we demonstrate that exposure to whole OSPW (at NA doses ranging from 10 to 20 mg/L), but not the OSPW-OF caused both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory changes in mouse macrophages. This suggests that the complex mixture of inorganic and organic components found in whole OSPW are acutely toxic at much lower doses than we previously reported for the OSPW-OF (i.e., 50 mg/L) due to unknown additive and/or synergistic interactions that likely occur between the various components present in whole OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E1
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada , T6G 1H9
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada , T6G 1H9
| | - Dustin M E Lillico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Nicole A I Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada , T6G 1H9
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E1
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E1
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Abstract
DNA methylation plays important roles in development and disease. Yet, only recently has the dynamic nature of this epigenetic mark via oxidation and DNA repair-mediated demethylation been recognized. A major conceptual challenge to the model that DNA methylation is reversible is the risk of genomic instability, which may come with widespread DNA repair activity. Here, we focus on recent advances in mechanisms of TET-TDG mediated demethylation and cellular strategies that avoid genomic instability. We highlight the recently discovered involvement of NEIL DNA glycosylases, which cooperate with TDG in oxidative demethylation to accelerate substrate turnover and promote the organized handover of harmful repair intermediates to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.,Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Reyes-Aguirre LI, Lamas M. Oct4 Methylation-Mediated Silencing As an Epigenetic Barrier Preventing Müller Glia Dedifferentiation in a Murine Model of Retinal Injury. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:523. [PMID: 27895551 PMCID: PMC5108807 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) is the most abundant glial type in the vertebrate retina. Among its many functions, it is capable of responding to injury by dedifferentiating, proliferating, and differentiating into every cell types lost to damage. This regenerative ability is notoriously absent in mammals. We have previously reported that cultured mammalian MG undergoes a partial dedifferentiation, but fails to fully acquire a progenitor phenotype and differentiate into neurons. This might be explained by a mnemonic mechanism comprised by epigenetic traits, such as DNA methylation. To achieve a better understanding of this epigenetic memory, we studied the expression of pluripotency-associated genes, such as Oct4, Nanog, and Lin28, which have been reported as necessary for regeneration in fish, at early times after NMDA-induced retinal injury in a mouse experimental model. We found that although Oct4 is expressed rapidly after damage (4 hpi), it is silenced at 24 hpi. This correlates with a significant decrease in the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3b expression, which returns to basal levels at 24 hpi. By MS-PCR, we observed a decrease in Oct4 methylation levels at 4 and 12 hpi, before returning to a fully methylated state at 24 hpi. To demonstrate that these changes are restricted to MG, we separated these cells using a GLAST antibody coupled with magnetic beads. Finally, intravitreous administration of the DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-1027 induced Oct4 expression at 24 hpi in MG. Our results suggest that mammalian MG injury-induced dedifferentiation could be restricted by DNA methylation, which rapidly silences Oct4 expression, preventing multipotency acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis I Reyes-Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Sede Sur México, Mexico
| | - Monica Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Sede Sur México, Mexico
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35
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Feuer S, Liu X, Donjacour A, Simbulan R, Maltepe E, Rinaudo P. Common and specific transcriptional signatures in mouse embryos and adult tissues induced by in vitro procedures. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0473. [PMID: 27799627 PMCID: PMC5411347 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stressful environmental exposures incurred early in development can affect postnatal metabolic health and susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood, although the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. Here we use a mouse model to investigate how assorted in vitro exposures restricted exclusively to the preimplantation period affect transcription both acutely in embryos and long-term in subsequent offspring adult tissues, to determine if reliable transcriptional markers of in vitro stress are present at specific developmental time points and throughout development. Each in vitro fertilization or embryo culture environment led to a specific and unique blastocyst transcriptional profile, but we identified a common 18-gene and 9-pathway signature of preimplantation embryo manipulation that was present in all in vitro embryos irrespective of culture condition or method of fertilization. This fingerprint did not persist throughout development and there was no clear transcriptional cohesion between adult IVF offspring tissues or compared to their preceding embryos, indicating a tissue-specific impact of in vitro stress on gene expression. However, the transcriptional changes present in each IVF tissue were targeted by the same upstream transcriptional regulators, which provide insight as to how acute transcriptional responses to stressful environmental exposures might be preserved throughout development to influence adult gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Feuer
- S Feuer, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- X Liu, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Annemarie Donjacour
- A Donjacour, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Rhodel Simbulan
- R Simbulan, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- E Maltepe, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- P Rinaudo, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94115, United States
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36
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Thomas EA. DNA methylation in Huntington's disease: Implications for transgenerational effects. Neurosci Lett 2016; 625:34-9. [PMID: 26522374 PMCID: PMC4864163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat mutation in the HTT gene. A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications play a key role in HD pathogenesis. Expression of the disease protein, huntingtin, leads to extensive transcriptional dysregulation due to disruption of histone-modifying complexes and altered interactions with chromatin-related factors. Such epigenetic mechanisms also readily respond to environmental factors, which are now thought to influence the risk, onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including HD. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has been studied intensively, however, its role in HD is just emerging. In this review, DNA methylation differences associated with HD will be summarized, as well as the role of environmental factors to alter DNA methylation in a manner that could alter disease phenotypes. Further, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance will be discussed in the context of relevant environmental factors and their potential links to HD. The study of epigenetic states in HD presents an opportunity to gain new insights into risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms associated with HD, as well as to inform about treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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37
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Xiao JL, Meng JH, Gan YH, Li YL, Zhou CY, Ma XC. DNA methylation profiling in different phases of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:105-15. [PMID: 27127843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a complex disease with strong genetic and epigenetic components in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation in mandibular head cartilage in different phases of experimentally-induced TMJOA in rats. DESIGN DNA methylation was evaluated using microarrays in the mandibular head cartilage of early, intermediate and late stage experimentally-induced TMJOA, and of the normal age-matched control groups. Genes with differentially methylated CpG sites were analyzed to reveal the over-represented gene ontologies and pathways at different stages, and were compared with published expression profiles to assess their overlappings. The DNA methylation patterns of the target genes were validated by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation qPCR in additional independent cartilage samples and mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed 9489 differentially methylated regions between the TMJOA and controls. A total of 440 consistently altered genes were revealed in all three stages; most (80%) were hypomethylated and many were associated with cell cycle regulation. We also detected different DNA methylation changes in early and late stage TMJOA (Rearly=0.68, Rlate=0.47), while the differences between age-matched healthy cartilage were subtle. Strong inverse changes between methylation status and mRNA levels were confirmed in Adamts5, Chad, Cldn11 and Tnf. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals dynamic DNA methylation patterns during the progression of TMJOA, with a different host of genes and pathways. The changes of cartilage DNA methylation patterns might contribute to understand the etiologic mechanisms of TMJOA epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Juan-Hong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xu-Chen Ma
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Hong L, Sun QF, Xu TY, Wu YH, Zhang H, Fu RQ, Cai FJ, Zhou QQ, Zhou K, Du QW, Zhang D, Xu S, Ding JG. New role and molecular mechanism of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2779-2788. [PMID: 26973416 PMCID: PMC4778000 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway.
METHODS: Wild-type male BALB/c mice were treated with CCl4 to induce a model of chronic liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from the liver of BALB/c mice and were treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Gadd45a or the pcDNA3.1-Gadd45a recombinant plasmid. Cellular α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), β-actin, type I collagen, phospho-Smad2, phospho-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blots. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, β-actin, and type I collagen were determined by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses. Reactive oxygen species production was monitored by flow cytometry using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Gadd45a, Gadd45b, anti-Gadd45g, type I collagen, and SMA local expression in liver tissue were measured by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Significant downregulation of Gadd45a, but not Gadd45b or Gadd45g, accompanied by activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways was detected in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and isolated HSCs with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Overexpression of Gadd45a reduced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and α-SMA in HSCs, whereas transient knockdown of Gadd45a with siRNA reversed this process. Gadd45a inhibited the activity of a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)9 MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, as well as reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Gadd45a showed protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Gadd45a may counteract hepatic fibrosis by regulating the activation of HSCs via the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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He GQ, Xu WM, Li JF, Li SS, Liu B, Tan XD, Li CQ. Huwe1 interacts with Gadd45b under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in primary Rat cortical neuronal cells. Mol Brain 2015; 8:88. [PMID: 26698301 PMCID: PMC4690333 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) is serving as a neuronal activity sensor. Brain ischemia induces the expression of Gadd45b, which stimulates recovery after stroke and may play a protective role in cerebral ischemia. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms of how Gadd45b expression regulated and the down-stream targets in brain ischemia. Here, using an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model, we identified Huwe1/Mule/ARF-BP1, a HECT domain containing ubiquitin ligase, involved in the control of Gadd45b protein level. In this study, we also investigated the role of Huwe1-Gadd45b mediated pathway in BDNF methylation. Results We found that the depletion of Huwe1 by lentivirus shRNA mediated interference significantly increased the expression of Gadd45b and BDNF at 24 h after OGD. Moreover, treatment with Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibited endogenous expression of Gadd45b, and promoted expression of Gadd45b after co-treated with lentivirus shRNA-Huwe1. Inhibition of Gadd45b by lentivirus shRNA decreased the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) pathway, while inhibition of Huwe1 increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Moreover, shRNA-Huwe1 treatment decreased the methylation level of the fifth CpG islands (123 bp apart from BDNF IXa), while shRNA-Gadd45b treatment increased the methylation level of the forth CpG islands (105 bp apart from BDNF IXa). Conclusions These findings suggested that Huwe1 involved in the regulation of Gadd45b expression under OGD/R, providing a novel route for neurons following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. It also indicated that the methylation of BDNF IXa was affected by Gadd45b as well as Huwe1 in the OGD/R model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0178-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qian He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Wen-ming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jin-fang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Shuai-shuai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Xiao-dan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Chang-qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Bethea CL, Reddy AP. Ovarian steroids regulate gene expression related to DNA repair and neurodegenerative diseases in serotonin neurons of macaques. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1565-78. [PMID: 25600110 PMCID: PMC4508249 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression often accompanies the perimenopausal transition and it often precedes overt symptomology in common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Serotonin dysfunction is frequently found in the different etiologies of depression. We have shown that ovariectomized (Ovx) monkeys treated with estradiol (E) for 28 days supplemented with placebo or progesterone (P) on days 14-28 had reduced DNA fragmentation in serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus, and long-term Ovx monkeys had fewer serotonin neurons than intact controls. We questioned the effect of E alone or E+P (estradiol supplemented with progesterone) on gene expression related to DNA repair, protein folding (chaperones), the ubiquitin-proteosome, axon transport and NDD-specific genes in serotonin neurons. Ovx macaques were treated with placebo, E or E+P (n=3 per group) for 1 month. Serotonin neurons were laser captured and subjected to microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Increases were confirmed with qRT-PCR in five genes that code for proteins involved in repair of strand breaks and nucleotide excision. NBN1, PCNA (proliferating nuclear antigen), GADD45A (DNA damage-inducible), RAD23A (DNA damage recognition) and GTF2H5 (gene transcription factor 2H5) significantly increased with E or E+P treatment (all analysis of variance (ANOVA), P<0.01). Chaperone genes HSP70 (heat-shock protein 70), HSP60 and HSP27 significantly increased with E or E+P treatment (all ANOVA, P<0.05). HSP90 showed a similar trend. Ubiquinase coding genes UBEA5, UBE2D3 and UBE3A (Parkin) increased with E or E+P (all ANOVA, P<0.003). Transport-related genes coding kinesin, dynein and dynactin increased with E or E+P treatment (all ANOVA, P<0.03). SCNA (α-synuclein) and ADAM10 (α-secretase) increased (both ANOVA, P<0.02) but PSEN1 (presenilin1) decreased (ANOVA, P<0.02) with treatment. APP decreased 10-fold with E or E+P administration. Newman-Keuls post hoc comparisons indicated variation in the response to E alone versus E+P across the different genes. In summary, E or E+P increased gene expression for DNA repair mechanisms in serotonin neurons, thereby rendering them less vulnerable to stress-induced DNA fragmentation. In addition, E or E+P regulated four genes encoding proteins that are often misfolded or malfunctioning in neuronal populations subserving overt NDD symptomology. The expression and regulation of these genes in serotonergic neurons invites speculation that they may mediate an underlying disease process in NDDs, which in turn may be ameliorated or delayed with timely hormone therapy in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Bethea
- Division of Reproductive Sciencesm, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR 97006, Division of Neuroscience Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR 97006, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR 97201
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Division of Reproductive Sciencesm, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR 97006
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Kienhöfer S, Musheev MU, Stapf U, Helm M, Schomacher L, Niehrs C, Schäfer A. GADD45a physically and functionally interacts with TET1. Differentiation 2015; 90:59-68. [PMID: 26546041 PMCID: PMC4673086 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA demethylation plays a central role during development and in adult physiology. Different mechanisms of active DNA demethylation have been established. For example, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45-(GADD45) and Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) proteins act in active DNA demethylation but their functional relationship is unresolved. Here we show that GADD45a physically interacts – and functionally cooperates with TET1 in methylcytosine (mC) processing. In reporter demethylation GADD45a requires endogenous TET1 and conversely TET1 requires GADD45a. On GADD45a target genes TET1 hyperinduces 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in the presence of GADD45a, while 5-formyl-(fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC) are reduced. Likewise, in global analysis GADD45a positively regulates TET1 mediated mC oxidation and enhances fC/caC removal. Our data suggest a dual function of GADD45a in oxidative DNA demethylation, to promote directly or indirectly TET1 activity and to enhance subsequent fC/caC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrike Stapf
- Institute of Molecular Biology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, 55128 Mainz, Germany; DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Division of Molecular Embryology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rhodes CJ, Im H, Cao A, Hennigs JK, Wang L, Sa S, Chen PI, Nickel NP, Miyagawa K, Hopper RK, Tojais NF, Li CG, Gu M, Spiekerkoetter E, Xian Z, Chen R, Zhao M, Kaschwich M, Del Rosario PA, Bernstein D, Zamanian RT, Wu JC, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. RNA Sequencing Analysis Detection of a Novel Pathway of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:356-66. [PMID: 26030479 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1528oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysregulation, but global changes in gene expression have not been related to perturbations in function. OBJECTIVES RNA sequencing was used to discriminate changes in transcriptomes of endothelial cells cultured from lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension versus control subjects and to assess the functional significance of major differentially expressed transcripts. METHODS The endothelial transcriptomes from the lungs of seven control subjects and six patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were related to bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) signaling. Those down-regulated were assessed for function in cultured cells and in a transgenic mouse. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fold differences in 10 genes were significant (P < 0.05), four increased and six decreased in patients versus control subjects. No patient was mutant for BMPR2. However, knockdown of BMPR2 by siRNA in control pulmonary arterial endothelial cells recapitulated 6 of 10 patient-related gene changes, including decreased collagen IV (COL4A1, COL4A2) and ephrinA1 (EFNA1). Reduction of BMPR2-regulated transcripts was related to decreased β-catenin. Reducing COL4A1, COL4A2, and EFNA1 by siRNA inhibited pulmonary endothelial adhesion, migration, and tube formation. In mice null for the EFNA1 receptor, EphA2, versus control animals, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockade and hypoxia caused more severe pulmonary hypertension, judged by elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and loss of small arteries. CONCLUSIONS The novel relationship between BMPR2 dysfunction and reduced expression of endothelial COL4 and EFNA1 may underlie vulnerability to injury in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Hogune Im
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Aiqin Cao
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Lingli Wang
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Silin Sa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Pin-I Chen
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nils P Nickel
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rachel K Hopper
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Caiyun G Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mingxia Gu
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zhaoying Xian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rui Chen
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Mingming Zhao
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mark Kaschwich
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Patricia A Del Rosario
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Roham T Zamanian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
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Ji Y, Zhou Y, Pan J, Li X, Wang H, Wang Y. Temporal pattern of Toll-like receptor 9 upregulation in neurons and glial cells following cerebral ischemia reperfusion in mice. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:269-77. [PMID: 26000727 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1010649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has recently been reported to play a role in ischemic injury, but the time course and cell types of the post-stroke TLR9 upregulation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of TLR9 expression and the expression of TLR9 in neurons and glial cells after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in mice. METHODS Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min in male C57BL/6 mice. The TLR9 expression levels in the tissue surrounding the infarct were detected by Western Blot at 6 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d after reperfusion. The expression of TLR9 in neurons and glial cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The expression of TLR9 protein first increased and then decreased, with the peak observed at 14 d-21 d. Only small punctate intracellular TLR9 was occasionally observed in the neurons at each time point, and the TLR9-positive rate showed no difference at different time points. By contrast, the activated microglia gathered at the margin of the infarct, and the intracellular TLR9 changed from scattered small punctate to coarse and lumpy. The TLR9-positive rate of microglia was first increased and then decreased with time, with the peak observed at 3 d. No positive TLR9 staining was found in the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS TLR9 expression showed dynamic changes for a long period of time and microglias were the main brain cells to express TLR9 after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ying Zhou
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jingrui Pan
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiangpen Li
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yidong Wang
- a Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Wysokinski D, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. RUNX2: A Master Bone Growth Regulator That May Be Involved in the DNA Damage Response. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:305-15. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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45
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Felling RJ, Song H. Epigenetic mechanisms of neuroplasticity and the implications for stroke recovery. Exp Neurol 2014; 268:37-45. [PMID: 25263580 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating brain injury and an important cause of neurologic disability worldwide and across the lifespan. Despite the physical, social, and economic burdens of this disease there is only a single approved medicine for the treatment of acute stroke, and its use is unfortunately limited to the small fraction of patients presenting within the narrow therapeutic window. Following stroke, there is a period of plasticity involving cell genesis, axon growth, and synaptic modulation that is essential to spontaneous recovery. Treatments focusing on neuroprotection and enhancing recovery have been the focus of intense preclinical studies, but translation of these treatments into clinical use has been disappointing thus far. The important role of epigenetic mechanisms in disease states is becoming increasingly apparent, including in ischemic stroke. These regulators of gene expression are poised to be critical mediators of recovery following stroke. In this review we discuss evidence for the role of epigenetics in neuroplasticity and the implications for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Felling
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21286, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21286, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Hung CM, Chang CC, Lin CW, Chen CC, Hsu YC. GADD45γ induces G2/M arrest in human pharynx and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by cucurbitacin E. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6454. [PMID: 25245461 PMCID: PMC4171705 DOI: 10.1038/srep06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common form of malignant cancer, for which radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the main treatment methods. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a natural compound-based drug which from the climbing stem of Cucumic melo L (Guadi). Previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study, investigated anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in Detroit 562 cells (pharynx carcinoma) and HONE-1 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) cells. Results indicate that the cytotoxicity is associated with accumulation in G2/M cell-cycle phases. CuE produced cell cycle arrest as well as the downregulation of cyclin B1 and CDC2 expression. In addition, treated cells with CuE and GADD45γ SiRNA that also coincided with GADD45γ gene activation in cell cycle arrest. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, proliferation inhibition and mitosis delay was dependant on the amount of CuE treatment in the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wood S, Loudon A. Clocks for all seasons: unwinding the roles and mechanisms of circadian and interval timers in the hypothalamus and pituitary. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:R39-59. [PMID: 24891434 PMCID: PMC4104039 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to the environment is essential for survival, in all wild animal species seasonal variation in temperature and food availability needs to be anticipated. This has led to the evolution of deep-rooted physiological cycles, driven by internal clocks, which can track seasonal time with remarkable precision. Evidence has now accumulated that a seasonal change in thyroid hormone (TH) availability within the brain is a crucial element. This is mediated by local control of TH-metabolising enzymes within specialised ependymal cells lining the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. Within these cells, deiodinase type 2 enzyme is activated in response to summer day lengths, converting metabolically inactive thyroxine (T4) to tri-iodothyronine (T3). The availability of TH in the hypothalamus appears to be an important factor in driving the physiological changes that occur with season. Remarkably, in both birds and mammals, the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland plays an essential role. A specialised endocrine thyrotroph cell (TSH-expressing) is regulated by the changing day-length signal, leading to activation of TSH by long days. This acts on adjacent TSH-receptors expressed in the hypothalamic ependymal cells, causing local regulation of deiodinase enzymes and conversion of TH to the metabolically active T3. In mammals, the PT is regulated by the nocturnal melatonin signal. Summer-like melatonin signals activate a PT-expressed clock-regulated transcription regulator (EYA3), which in turn drives the expression of the TSHβ sub-unit, leading to a sustained increase in TSH expression. In this manner, a local pituitary timer, driven by melatonin, initiates a cascade of molecular events, led by EYA3, which translates to seasonal changes of neuroendocrine activity in the hypothalamus. There are remarkable parallels between this PT circuit and the photoperiodic timing system used in plants, and while plants use different molecular signals (constans vs EYA3) it appears that widely divergent organisms probably obey a common set of design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Wood
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Hsu YC, Huang TY, Chen MJ. Therapeutic ROS targeting of GADD45γ in the induction of G2/M arrest in primary human colorectal cancer cell lines by cucurbitacin E. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1198. [PMID: 24763055 PMCID: PMC4001305 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) or α-elaterin is a natural compound previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of CuE on colorectal cancer (CRC) using primary cell lines isolated from five CRC patients in Taiwan, Specifically, we explored the anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in CRC cells. MPM-2 flow cytometry tests show that CuE-treated cells accumulated in metaphase (CuE 2.5-7.5 μM). Results further indicate that CuE produced G2/M arrest as well as the downregulation of CDC2 and cyclin B1 expression and dissociation. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, the inhibition of proliferation, arrest of mitosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were found to be dependent on the quantity of CuE used to treat the cancer cells. In addition, cell cycle arrest in treated cells coincided with the activation of the gene GADD45(α, β, γ). Incubation with CuE resulted in the binding of GADD45γ to CDC2, which suggests that the delay in CuE-induced mitosis is regulated by the overexpression of GADD45γ. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, CuE may have antitumor activities in established CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - T-Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M-J Chen
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Gao R, Singh R, Kaul Z, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Targeting of DNA Damage Signaling Pathway Induced Senescence and Reduced Migration of Cancer cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:701-13. [PMID: 24747666 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock 70 family protein, mortalin, has pancytoplasmic distribution pattern in normal and perinuclear in cancer human cells. Cancer cells when induced to senesce by either chemicals or stress showed shift in mortalin staining pattern from perinuclear to pancytoplasmic type. Using such shift in mortalin staining as a reporter, we screened human shRNA library and identified nine senescence-inducing siRNA candidates. An independent Comparative Genomic Hybridization analysis of 35 breast cancer cell lines revealed that five (NBS1, BRCA1, TIN2, MRE11A, and KPNA2) of the nine genes located on chromosome regions identified as the gain of locus in more than 80% cell lines. By gene-specific PCR, these five genes were found to be frequently amplified in cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics revealed that the identified targets were connected to MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, the DNA damage-sensing complex. We demonstrate that the identified shRNAs triggered DNA damage response and induced the expression of tumor suppressor protein p16(INK4A) causing growth arrest of cancer cells. Furthermore, cells showed decreased migration, mediated by decrease in matrix metalloproteases. Taken together, we demonstrate that the MRN complex is a potential target of cancer cell proliferation and migration, and staining pattern of mortalin could serve as an assay to identify senescence-inducing/anticancer reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rumani Singh
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zeenia Kaul
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Wexner Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Cox-Limpens KEM, Gavilanes AWD, Zimmermann LJI, Vles JSH. Endogenous brain protection: what the cerebral transcriptome teaches us. Brain Res 2014; 1564:85-100. [PMID: 24713346 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to reduce mortality caused by stroke and perinatal asphyxia, these are still the 2nd largest cause of death worldwide in the age groups they affect. Furthermore, survivors of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia often suffer neurological morbidities. A better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in focal and global brain ischemia will contribute to the development of tailored therapeutic strategies. Similarly, insight into molecular pathways involved in preconditioning-induced brain protection will provide possibilities for future treatment. Microarray technology is a great tool for investigating large scale gene expression, and has been used in many experimental studies of cerebral ischemia and preconditioning to unravel molecular (patho-) physiology. However, the amount of data across microarray studies can be daunting and hard to interpret which is why we aim to provide a clear overview of available data in experimental rodent models. Findings for both injurious ischemia and preconditioning are reviewed under separate subtopics such as cellular stress, inflammation, cytoskeleton and cell signaling. Finally, we investigated the transcriptome signature of brain protection across preconditioning studies in search of transcripts that were expressed similarly across studies. Strikingly, when comparing genes discovered by single-gene analysis we observed only 15 genes present in two studies or more. We subjected these 15 transcripts to DAVID Annotation Clustering analysis to derive their shared biological meaning. Interestingly, the MAPK signaling pathway and more specifically the ERK1/2 pathway geared toward cell survival/proliferation was significantly enriched. To conclude, we advocate incorporating pathway analysis into all microarray data analysis in order to improve the detection of similarities between independently derived datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E M Cox-Limpens
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), postbus 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), postbus 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - L J I Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), postbus 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - J S H Vles
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), P.Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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