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Ding R, Sang S, Yi J, Xie H, Wang F, Dai A. G6PD is a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:466-492. [PMID: 38194707 PMCID: PMC10817399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) shows a poor prognosis. Detecting related genes is imperative for prognosis prediction. METHODS The gene expression profiles of LUAD and PAH were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively. The co-expression modules associated with LUAD and PAH were evaluated using the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The relationship between key gene expression with immune-cell infiltration and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) was evaluated. We confirmed the mRNA and protein levels in vivo and vitro. G6PD knockdown was used to conduct the colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay, and scratch wound assay of A549 cells. EDU staining and CCK8 assay were performed on G6PD knockdown HPASMCs. We identified therapeutic drug molecules and performed molecular docking between the key gene and small drug molecules. RESULTS Three major modules and 52 overlapped genes were recognized in LUAD and PAH. We identified the key gene G6PD, which was significantly upregulated in LUAD and PAH. In addition, we discovered a significant difference in infiltration for most immune cells between high- and low-G6PD expression groups. The mRNA and protein expressions of G6PD were significantly upregulated in LUAD and PAH. G6PD knockdown decreased proliferation, cloning, and migration of A549 cells and cell proliferation in HPASMCs. We screened five potential drug molecules against G6PD and targeted glutaraldehyde by molecular docking. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that G6PD is an immune-related biomarker and a possible therapeutic target for LUAD and PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Ding
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuliu Sang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Xie
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Feiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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2
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Lu H, Li H, Ge J. Hypoxia and panvascular diseases: exploring the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in vascular smooth muscle cells under panvascular pathologies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1954-1974. [PMID: 37541793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging discipline, panvascular diseases are a set of vascular diseases with atherosclerosis as the common pathogenic hallmark, which mostly affect vital organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and limbs. As the major responser to the most common stressor in the vasculature (hypoxia)-hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and the primary regulator of pressure and oxygen delivery in the vasculature-vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), their own multifaceted nature and their interactions with each other are fascinating. Abnormally active VSMCs (e.g., atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension) or abnormally dysfunctional VSMCs (e.g., aneurysms, vascular calcification) are associated with HIFs. These widespread systemic diseases also reflect the interdisciplinary nature of panvascular medicine. Moreover, given the comparable proliferative characteristics exhibited by VSMCs and cancer cells, and the delicate equilibrium between angiogenesis and cancer progression, there is a pressing need for more accurate modulation targets or combination approaches to bolster the effectiveness of HIF targeting therapies. Based on the aforementioned content, this review primarily focused on the significance of integrating the overall and local perspectives, as well as temporal and spatial balance, in the context of the HIF signaling pathway in VSMC-related panvascular diseases. Furthermore, the review discussed the implications of HIF-targeting drugs on panvascular disorders, while considering the trade-offs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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3
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Toyama T, Kudryashova TV, Ichihara A, Lenna S, Looney A, Shen Y, Jiang L, Teos L, Avolio T, Lin D, Kaplan U, Marden G, Dambal V, Goncharov D, Delisser H, Lafyatis R, Seta F, Goncharova EA, Trojanowska M. GATA6 coordinates cross-talk between BMP10 and oxidative stress axis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6593. [PMID: 37087509 PMCID: PMC10122657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and often death. Here we report that deficiency of transcription factor GATA6 is a shared pathological feature of PA endothelial (PAEC) and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in human PAH and experimental PH, which is responsible for maintenance of hyper-proliferative cellular phenotypes, pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. We further show that GATA6 acts as a transcription factor and direct positive regulator of anti-oxidant enzymes, and its deficiency in PAH/PH pulmonary vascular cells induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrate that GATA6 is regulated by the BMP10/BMP receptors axis and its loss in PAECs and PASMC in PAH supports BMPR deficiency. In addition, we have established that GATA6-deficient PAEC, acting in a paracrine manner, increase proliferation and induce other pathological changes in PASMC, supporting the importance of GATA6 in pulmonary vascular cell communication. Treatment with dimethyl fumarate resolved oxidative stress and BMPR deficiency, reversed hemodynamic changes caused by endothelial Gata6 loss in mice, and inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human PAH PASMC, strongly suggesting that targeting GATA6 deficiency may provide a therapeutic advance for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Toyama
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tatiana V Kudryashova
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Asako Ichihara
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stefania Lenna
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Agnieszka Looney
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leyla Teos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Avolio
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek Lin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ulas Kaplan
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Grace Marden
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Vrinda Dambal
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dmitry Goncharov
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Horace Delisser
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elena A Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- The Genome and Biomedical Science Facility (GBSF), Rm 6523, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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4
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Oshita H, Sawada H, Mitani Y, Tsuboya N, Kabwe JC, Maruyama J, Yusuf A, Ito H, Okamoto R, Otsuki S, Yodoya N, Ohashi H, Oya K, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi I, Dohi K, Nishimura Y, Saitoh S, Maruyama K, Hirayama M. Perinatal Hypoxia Aggravates Occlusive Pulmonary Vasculopathy In SU5416/Hypoxia-Treated Rats Later In Life. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L178-L192. [PMID: 35762603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00422.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease, which is characterized by occlusive pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in small pulmonary arteries. It remains unknown whether perinatal insults aggravate occlusive PVD later in life. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal hypoxia aggravates PVD and survival in rats. PVD was induced in rats with/without perinatal hypoxia (E14 to P3) by injecting SU5416 at 7 weeks of age and subsequent exposure to hypoxia for 3 weeks (SU5416/hypoxia). Hemodynamic and morphological analyses were performed in rats with/without perinatal hypoxia at 7 weeks of age (baseline rats, n=12) and at 15 weeks of age in 4 groups of rats: SU5416/hypoxia or control rats with/without perinatal hypoxia (n=40). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from the baseline rats with/without perinatal hypoxia were used to assess cell proliferation, inflammation and genomic DNA methylation profile. Although perinatal hypoxia alone did not affect survival, physiological or pathological parameters at baseline or at the end of the experimental period in controls, perinatal hypoxia decreased weight gain and survival rate, and increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and indices of PVD in SU5416/hypoxia rats. Perinatal hypoxia alone accelerated the proliferation and inflammation of cultured PASMCs from baseline rats, which was associated with DNA methylation. In conclusion, we established the first fatal animal model of PAH with worsening hemodynamics and occlusive PVD elicited by perinatal hypoxia, which was associated with hyperproliferative, pro-inflammatory, and epigenetic changes in cultured PASMCs. These findings provide insights into the treatment and prevention of occlusive PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Oshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuboya
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Jane Chanda Kabwe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Junko Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Ali Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Otsuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Noriko Yodoya
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Oya
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhko Kobayashi
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Organization for the Promotion of Regional Innovation, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Issei Kobayashi
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Organization for the Promotion of Regional Innovation, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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5
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Liang S, Yegambaram M, Wang T, Wang J, Black SM, Tang H. Mitochondrial Metabolism, Redox, and Calcium Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020341. [PMID: 35203550 PMCID: PMC8961787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, secondary to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Work over the last decade has led to the identification of a critical role for metabolic reprogramming in the PAH pathogenesis. It is becoming clear that in addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrion is an important organelle that regulates complex and integrative metabolic- and signal transduction pathways. This review focuses on mitochondrial metabolism alterations that occur in deranged pulmonary vessels and the right ventricle, including abnormalities in glycolysis and glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, glutaminolysis, redox homeostasis, as well as iron and calcium metabolism. Further understanding of these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms could provide viable therapeutic approaches for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
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6
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hsa_circWDR37_016 Regulates Hypoxia-Induced Proliferation of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:7292034. [PMID: 35116078 PMCID: PMC8786516 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7292034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by abnormal remodeling of pulmonary vessel walls caused by excessive pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Our previous clinical studies have demonstrated the importance of the downregulated circRNA in PAH. However, the role of upregulated circRNAs is still elusive. Here, we identified the upregulated circRNA in PAH patients, hsa_circWDR37_016 (circWDR37), as a key regulator of hypoxic proliferative disorder of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis validated that exposure to hypoxia markedly increased the circWDR37 level in cultured human PASMCs. As evidenced by flow cytometry, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, wound healing, and Tunel assay, silencing of endogenous circWDR37 attenuated proliferation and cell-cycle progression in hypoxia-exposed human PASMCs in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics and Luciferase assay showed that circWDR37 directly sponged hsa-miR-138-5p (miR-138) and was involved in the immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes of PAH. Together, these studies suggested new insights into circRNA regulated the pathology of PAH, providing a new potential therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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7
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Tang L, Chen P, Yang L, Liu J, Zheng Y, Lin J, Chen S, Luo Y, Chen Y, Ma X, Zhang L. Transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in extrauterine growth restriction-induced pulmonary arterial pressure disorders. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1551. [PMID: 34790757 PMCID: PMC8576681 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the influence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and the transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) of 2 consecutive generations under EUGR stress. Methods After modeling, PAP values of F1 and F2 pups were investigated at 9-week-old. The methyl-DNA immune precipitation chip was used to analyze DNA methylation profiling. Differential enrichment peaks (DEPs) and regions of interest (ROIs) were identified, based on which Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and reactome pathway enrichments were analyzed. Results The F1 male rats in the EUGR group had significantly increased PAP levels compared to the control group; however, this increase was not observed in female rats. Interestingly, in F2 female rats, the EUGR group had decreased PAP. In the X chromosome of the F1 males, there were 16 differential ROI genes in the F1 generation, while in F2 females, there were 86 differential ROI genes. Similarly, there were 105 DEPs in the F1 generation and 38 DEPs in the F2 generation. In combination with the 5 common ROIs and 14 common DEPs, 18 genes were regarded as the key candidate genes associated with hereditable PAP variation in the EUGR model. Enrichment analysis showed that synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways might be involved in the process of EUGR-induced PAH development. Among common DEPs, Smad1 and Serpine1 were also found in 102 PAH-associated genes in the MalaCards database. Conclusions Together, there is a transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in the X chromosome in EUGR-induced PAP disorders, which involves the participation of synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways. Also, attenuated methylation of Smad1 and Serpine1 in the promoter region may be a partial driver of PAH in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Unimed Scientific Inc., Wuxi, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Senhua Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Gao L, Wang C, Qin B, Li T, Xu W, Lenahan C, Ying G, Li J, Zhao T, Zhu Y, Chen G. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase Suppresses Neuronal Apoptosis by Increasing Glycolysis and "cyclin-dependent kinase 1-Mediated Phosphorylation of p27 After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720950226. [PMID: 32841050 PMCID: PMC7563815 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720950226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a vital pathological factor that accounts for the poor prognosis of
traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI). The
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) is a critical
regulator for energy metabolism and proven to have antiapoptotic effects. This
study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of PFKFB3 in t-SCI. A
compressive clip was introduced to establish the t-SCI model. Herein, we
identified that PFKFB3 was extensively distributed in neurons, and PFKFB3 levels
significantly increased and peaked 24 h after t-SCI. Additionally, knockdown of
PFKFB3 inhibited glycolysis, accompanied by aggravated neuronal apoptosis and
white matter injury, while pharmacological activation of PFKFB3 with meclizine
significantly enhanced glycolysis, attenuated t-SCI-induced spinal cord injury,
and alleviated neurological impairment. The PFKFB3 agonist, meclizine, activated
cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and promoted the phosphorylation of p27,
ultimately suppressing neuronal apoptosis. However, the neuroprotective effects
of meclizine against t-SCI were abolished by the CDK1 antagonist, RO3306. In
summary, our data demonstrated that PFKFB3 contributes robust neuroprotection
against t-SCI by enhancing glycolysis and modulating CDK1-related antiapoptotic
signals. Moreover, targeting PFKFB3 may be a novel and promising therapeutic
strategy for t-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- 448838Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Guangyu Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of nitric oxide by superoxide, our understanding of relevant reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite) and how they modify complex signaling pathways to promote hypertension has expanded significantly. In this review, we summarize recent advances in delineating the primary and secondary sources of reactive oxygen species (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria), the posttranslational oxidative modifications they induce on protein targets important for redox signaling, their interplay with endogenous antioxidant systems, and the role of inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticular stress in the development of hypertension. We highlight how oxidative stress in different organ systems contributes to hypertension, describe new animal models that have clarified the importance of specific proteins, and discuss clinical studies that shed light on how these processes and pathways are altered in human hypertension. Finally, we focus on the promise of redox proteomics and systems biology to help us fully understand the relationship between ROS and hypertension and their potential for designing and evaluating novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
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10
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Sommer N, Schulz R. Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidase: Another Player in Pulmonary Hypertension? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:277-278. [PMID: 33321051 PMCID: PMC7909332 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0523ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany and
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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11
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Liu H, Wang N, Li J, Wang W, Han W, Li Q. AAV1-Mediated shRNA Knockdown of SASH1 in Rat Bronchus Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Artery Remodeling. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:796-805. [PMID: 33297837 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a proliferative disease characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling (PAR). SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 (SASH1) is a novel tumor suppressor gene whose biological function in PH is unclear. In this study, a hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rat model was constructed to explore the role of SASH1 in PAR. Histopathological changes in the lung tissue and hemodynamic alteration were detected in SASH1-knockdown rats through adeno-associated virus type-1 (AAV1) infection. In vitro, primary human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were transfected with SASH1siRNA to investigate the effects of SASH1 on hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration. The molecular mechanisms associated with SASH1 were explored through knockdown and overexpression approaches. We found that SASH1 expression was significantly increased in rat pulmonary arteries and HPASMCs after hypoxia exposure. In vivo, silencing the SASH1 gene expression improved HPH in rats. The SASH1 downregulation inhibited proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced HPASMCs. The protein expression of phospho-AKT (known as protein kinase B), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in HPASMCs were increased after SASH1 overexpression, whereas these effects were inhibited by SASH1 knockdown. In conclusion, SASH1 downregulation improved hypoxia-induced PAR and PH. SASH1 may be a novel target for PH gene therapy in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and.,Departments of Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Jun Li
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Wenting Wang
- Departments of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and.,Departments of Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and.,Departments of Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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12
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Bryant AJ, Pham A, Gogoi H, Mitchell CR, Pais F, Jin L. The Third Man: DNA sensing as espionage in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894021996574. [PMID: 33738095 PMCID: PMC7934053 DOI: 10.1177/2045894021996574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For as long as nucleic acids have been utilized to vertically and horizontally transfer genetic material, living organisms have had to develop methods of recognizing cytosolic DNA as either pathogenic (microbial invasion) or physiologic (mitosis and cellular proliferation). Derangement in key signaling molecules involved in these pathways of DNA sensing result in a family of diseases labeled interferonopathies. An interferonopathy, characterized by constitutive expression of type I interferons, ultimately manifests as severe autoimmune disease at a young age. Afflicted patients present with a constellation of immune-mediated conditions, including primary lung manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. The latter condition is especially interesting in light of the known role that DNA damage plays in a variety of types of inherited and induced pulmonary hypertension, with free DNA detection elevated in the circulation of affected individuals. While little is known regarding the role of cytosolic DNA sensing in development of pulmonary vascular disease, exciting new research in the related fields of immunology and oncology potentially sheds light on future areas of fruitful exploration. As such, the goal of this review is to summarize the state of the field of nucleic acid sensing, extrapolating common shared pathways that parallel our knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, in a molecular and cell-specific manner. Principles of DNA sensing related to known pulmonary injury inducing stimuli are also evaluated, in addition to potential therapeutic targets. Finally, future directions in pulmonary hypertension research and treatments will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Pham
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carly R. Mitchell
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Faye Pais
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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14
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Zhang R, Wang L, Zhao QH, Jiang R, Gong SG, Jiang X, Xu XQ, He YY, Li Y, Jing ZC. Alteration of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:509. [PMID: 33282881 PMCID: PMC7705200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are an important family of antioxidant enzymes that modulate reactive oxygen species levels. It is largely unknown which SOD isoform(s) change in vivo in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients. Methods: A total of 133 consecutive adult IPAH patients who underwent bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) genetic counseling were enrolled in this prospective study. The plasma activities of three subtypes of SOD [copper–zinc (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese (Mn-SOD), and extracellular SOD (Ec-SOD)] were examined. Results: The activities of SODs were significantly lower in IPAH patients than in healthy subjects. However, only Ec-SOD activity in BMPR2 mutation patients was significantly decreased compared to those in patients without a mutation. The reduced Ec-SOD activity was markedly associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and 6-min walking distance (6MWD). The reduction of Mn-SOD activity was only associated with 6MWD. There was no association between Cu/Zn-SOD and hemodynamics. Patients with a lower Ec-SOD level had a worse survival compared to those with a higher baseline. The reduced Ec-SOD activity and the raised PVR increased the mortality risk. Conclusions: Ec-SOD was correlated with BMPR2 mutation, hemodynamic dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Circulating Ec-SOD could be a potentially vital antioxidant enzyme in the pathogenesis of IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Gang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Qi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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SOD2 ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in a murine model of sleep apnea via suppressing expression of NLRP3 in CD11b + cells. Respir Res 2020; 21:9. [PMID: 31915037 PMCID: PMC6951024 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the pulmonary hypertension (PH) population suggests that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is an important pathogenic factor of PH. However, the exact mechanism of CIH induced PH is not clear. One of the molecules that plays a key role in regulating pulmonary artery function under hypoxic conditions is superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Methods Our study utilized heterozygous SOD2−/+ mice firstly in CIH model to explore the exact role of SOD2 in CIH causing PH. Expression of SOD2 was analyzed in CIH model. Echocardiography and pulmonary hypertension were measured in wild type (WT) and SOD2−/+ mice under normal air or CIH condition. Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) staining and masson staining were carried out to evaluate pulmonary vascular muscularization and remodeling. Micro-PET scanning of in vivo 99mTc-labelled- MAG3-anti-CD11b was applied to assess CD11b in quantification and localization. Level of nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) was analyzed by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Results showed that SOD2 was down-regulated in OSA/CIH model. Deficiency of SOD2 aggravated CIH induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular hypertrophy. CD11b+ cells, especially monocytic myeloid cell line-Ly6C+Ly6G− cells, were increased in the lung, bone marrow and the blood under CIH condition, and down-regulated SOD2 activated NLRP3 in CD11b+ cells. SOD2-deficient-CD11b+ myeloid cells promoted the apoptosis resistance and over-proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) via up-regulating NLRP3. Conclusion CIH induced down-regulating of SOD2 increased pulmonary hypertension and vascular muscularization. It could be one of the mechanism of CIH leading to PH.
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16
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Arwood MJ, Vahabi N, Lteif C, Sharma RK, Machado RF, Duarte JD. Transcriptome-wide analysis associates ID2 expression with combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19572. [PMID: 31862991 PMCID: PMC6925238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients who develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) have an increased risk of death, with combined pre- and post-capillary PH (CpcPH) having the highest risk. However, the mechanism behind PH development in HFpEF is poorly understood. We aimed to identify transcriptomic associations with PH development in HFpEF. Blood was collected from 30 HFpEF patients: 10 without PH, 10 with isolated post-capillary PH, and 10 with CpcPH. Gene expression measurements were completed using transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing. Gene expression differences were compared using a quasi-likelihood method adjusting for age, sex, race, and smoking-status. Biological pathways were compared using global gene expression differences. A replication in 34 additional heart failure patients and a validation in lung tissue from a representative mouse model were completed using quantitative PCR. Six differentially expressed genes were identified when comparing transcriptomics between subjects with CpcPH and those without PH. When tested in additional subjects, only the association with ID2 replicated. Consistent with clinical findings, Id2 expression was also upregulated in mice with HFpEF and PH. Pathway analysis identified proliferative and mitochondrial pathways associated with CpcPH. Thus, these patients may possess systemic pathophysiological differences similar to those observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Arwood
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nasim Vahabi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christelle Lteif
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julio D Duarte
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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17
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Therapeutic targets and drugs for hyper-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Alruwaili N, Kandhi S, Sun D, Wolin MS. Metabolism and Redox in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:752-769. [PMID: 30403147 PMCID: PMC6708269 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review considers how some systems controlling pulmonary vascular function are potentially regulated by redox processes to examine how and why conditions such as prolonged hypoxia, pathological mediators, and other factors promoting vascular remodeling contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Aspects of vascular remodeling induction mechanisms described are associated with shifts in glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and increased cytosolic NADPH generation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increased glycolysis generation of cytosolic NADH and lactate, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with superoxide dismutase-2 depletion, changes in reactive oxygen species and iron metabolism, and redox signaling. Future Directions: The regulation and impact of hypoxia-inducible factor and the function of cGMP-dependent and redox regulation of protein kinase G are considered for their potential roles as key sensors and coordinators of redox and metabolic processes controlling the progression of vascular pathophysiology in PH, and how modulating aspects of metabolic and redox regulatory systems potentially function in beneficial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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19
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Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα) is susceptible to oxidation, forming an interprotein disulfide homodimer associated with kinase targeting involved in vasodilation. Here we report increased disulfide PKGIα in pulmonary arteries from mice with hypoxic PH or lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This oxidation is likely caused by oxidants derived from NADPH oxidase-4, superoxide dismutase 3, and cystathionine γ-lyase, enzymes that were concomitantly increased in these samples. Indeed, products that may arise from these enzymes, including hydrogen peroxide, glutathione disulfide, and protein-bound persulfides, were increased in the plasma of hypoxic mice. Furthermore, low-molecular-weight hydropersulfides, which can serve as "superreductants" were attenuated in hypoxic tissues, consistent with systemic oxidative stress and the oxidation of PKGIα observed. Inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase resulted in decreased hypoxia-induced disulfide PKGIα and more severe PH phenotype in wild-type mice, but not in Cys42Ser PKGIα knock-in (KI) mice that are resistant to oxidation. In addition, KI mice also developed potentiated PH during hypoxia alone. Thus, oxidation of PKGIα is an adaptive mechanism that limits PH, a concept further supported by polysulfide treatment abrogating hypoxia-induced RV hypertrophy in wild-type, but not in the KI, mice. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of hypoxic lungs before structural remodeling identified up-regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in the KI compared with wild-type mice. Thus, disulfide PKGIα is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism that attenuates PH progression not only by promoting vasodilation but also by limiting maladaptive growth and fibrosis signaling.
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20
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Luna RCP, de Oliveira Y, Lisboa JVC, Chaves TR, de Araújo TAM, de Sousa EE, Miranda Neto M, Pirola L, Braga VA, de Brito Alves JL. Insights on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7437. [PMID: 30365723 PMCID: PMC6207290 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by localized increased
arterial blood pressure in the lungs, is a slow developing long-term disease
that can be fatal. PAH is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone
imbalance, pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right-sided heart
failure. Current treatments for PAH are palliative and development of new
therapies is necessary. Recent and relevant studies have demonstrated that
epigenetic processes may exert key influences on the pathogenesis of PAH and may
be promising therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or cure of this
condition. The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize the occurrence of
epigenetic-based mechanisms in the context of PAH physiopathology, focusing on
the roles of DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and
non-coding RNAs. We also discuss the potential of epigenetic-based therapies for
PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C P Luna
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - Y de Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J V C Lisboa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T R Chaves
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T A M de Araújo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - E E de Sousa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M Miranda Neto
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L Pirola
- INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France
| | - V A Braga
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J L de Brito Alves
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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21
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Bachmann M, Costa R, Peruzzo R, Prosdocimi E, Checchetto V, Leanza L. Targeting Mitochondrial Ion Channels to Fight Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072060. [PMID: 30011966 PMCID: PMC6073807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several experimental evidences have underlined a new role of ion channels in cancer development and progression. In particular, mitochondrial ion channels are arising as new oncological targets, since it has been proved that most of them show an altered expression during tumor development and the pharmacological targeting of some of them have been demonstrated to be able to modulate cancer growth and progression, both in vitro as well as in vivo in pre-clinical mouse models. In this scenario, pharmacology of mitochondrial ion channels would be in the near future a new frontier for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we discuss the new advances in the field, by focusing our attention on the improvements in new drug developments to target mitochondrial ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elena Prosdocimi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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22
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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23
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Marshall JD, Bazan I, Zhang Y, Fares WH, Lee PJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension: cause, effect, or both. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L782-L796. [PMID: 29345195 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00331.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension describes a heterogeneous disease defined by increased pulmonary artery pressures, and progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance due to pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature involving pulmonary endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. This process occurs under various conditions, and although these populations vary, the clinical manifestations are the same: progressive dyspnea, increases in right ventricular (RV) afterload and dysfunction, RV-pulmonary artery uncoupling, and right-sided heart failure with systemic circulatory collapse. The overall estimated 5-yr survival rate is 72% in highly functioning patients, and as low as 28% for those presenting with advanced symptoms. Metabolic theories have been suggested as underlying the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension with growing evidence of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction involving the major proteins of the electron transport chain, redox-related enzymes, regulators of the proton gradient and calcium homeostasis, regulators of apoptosis, and mitophagy. There remain more studies needed to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction leading to impaired vascular relaxation, increase proliferation, and failure of regulatory mechanisms. The effects on endothelial cells and resulting interactions with their microenvironment remain uncharted territory for future discovery. Additionally, on the basis of observations that the "plexigenic lesions" of pulmonary hypertension resemble the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells, similarities between cancer pathobiology and pulmonary hypertension have been drawn, suggesting interactions between mitochondria and angiogenesis. Recently, mitochondria targeting has become feasible, which may yield new therapeutic strategies. We present a state-of-the-art review of the role of mitochondria in both the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension and potential therapeutic targets in pulmonary vascular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Marshall
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Isabel Bazan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wassim H Fares
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty J Lee
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is among the major components of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance. It represents a significant health problem with foremost risks for chronic cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is not surprising that this disorder constitutes a serious public health concern. Although multiple studies have stressed the multifactorial nature of HT, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. However, if we want to reduce the global prevalence of HT, restrain the number of deaths (currently 9.4 million/year in the world), and alleviate the socio-economic burden, a deeper insight into the mechanisms is urgently needed in order to define new meaningful therapeutic targets. Recently, the role of epigenetics in the development of various complex diseases has attracted much attention. In the present review, we provide a critical update on the available literature and ongoing research regarding the epigenetic modifications of genes involved in several pathways of elevated blood pressure, especially those linked to the vascular epithelium. This review also focuses on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of gene expression associated with HT and of fetal programming mediating susceptibility to HT in adulthood.
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Chen D, Gao W, Wang S, Ni B, Gao Y. Critical effects of epigenetic regulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3789-3808. [PMID: 28573430 PMCID: PMC11107652 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by persistent pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The pathogenic mechanisms of PAH remain to be fully clarified and measures of effective prevention are lacking. Recent studies; however, have indicated that epigenetic processes may exert pivotal influences on PAH pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest research findings regarding epigenetic regulation in PAH, focusing on the roles of non-coding RNAs, histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, and discuss the potential of epigenetic-based therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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