1
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Xu HN, Gonzalves D, Hoffman JH, Baur JA, Li LZ, Jensen EA. Use of Optical Redox Imaging to Quantify Alveolar Macrophage Redox State in Infants: Proof of Concept Experiments in a Murine Model and Human Tracheal Aspirates Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:546. [PMID: 38790651 PMCID: PMC11117937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that lung macrophages (LM) may provide a novel biomarker to classify disease endotypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of infant chronic lung disease, and that augmentation of the LM phenotype may be a potential therapeutic target. To contribute to this area of research, we first used Optical Redox Imaging (ORI) to characterize the responses to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and caffeine treatment in an in vitro model of mouse alveolar macrophages (AM). H2O2 caused a dose-dependent decrease in NADH and an increase in FAD-containing flavoproteins (Fp) and the redox ratio Fp/(NADH + Fp). Caffeine treatment did not affect Fp but significantly decreased NADH with doses of ≥50 µM, and 1000 µM caffeine treatment significantly increased the redox ratio and decreased the baseline level of mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species). However, regardless of whether AM were pretreated with caffeine or not, the mitochondrial ROS levels increased to similar levels after H2O2 challenge. We then investigated the feasibility of utilizing ORI to examine macrophage redox status in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples obtained from premature infants receiving invasive ventilation. We observed significant heterogeneity in NADH, Fp, Fp/(NADH + Fp), and mitochondrial ROS of the TA macrophages. We found a possible positive correlation between gestational age and NADH and a negative correlation between mean airway pressure and NADH that provides hypotheses for future testing. Our study demonstrates that ORI is a feasible technique to characterize macrophage redox state in infant TA samples and supports further use of this method to investigate lung macrophage-mediated disease endotypes in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Diego Gonzalves
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jonathan H. Hoffman
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Erik A. Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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2
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Morrow CS, Tweed K, Farhadova S, Walsh AJ, Lear BP, Roopra A, Risgaard RD, Klosa PC, Arndt ZP, Peterson ER, Chi MM, Harris AG, Skala MC, Moore DL. Autofluorescence is a biomarker of neural stem cell activation state. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:570-581.e7. [PMID: 38521057 PMCID: PMC10997463 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) must exit quiescence to produce neurons; however, our understanding of this process remains constrained by the technical limitations of current technologies. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of autofluorescent metabolic cofactors has been used in other cell types to study shifts in cell states driven by metabolic remodeling that change the optical properties of these endogenous fluorophores. Using this non-destructive, live-cell, and label-free strategy, we found that quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) and activated NSCs (aNSCs) have unique autofluorescence profiles. Specifically, qNSCs display an enrichment of autofluorescence localizing to a subset of lysosomes, which can be used as a graded marker of NSC quiescence to predict cell behavior at single-cell resolution. Coupling autofluorescence imaging with single-cell RNA sequencing, we provide resources revealing transcriptional features linked to deep quiescence and rapid NSC activation. Together, we describe an approach for tracking mouse NSC activation state and expand our understanding of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Morrow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kelsey Tweed
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sabina Farhadova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alex J Walsh
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bo P Lear
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ryan D Risgaard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Payton C Klosa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary P Arndt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ella R Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michelle M Chi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Allison G Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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3
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Lepekhina TB, Nikolaev VV, Darvin ME, Zuhayri H, Snegerev MS, Lozhkomoev AS, Senkina EI, Kokhanenko AP, Lozovoy KA, Kistenev YV. Two-Photon-Excited FLIM of NAD(P)H and FAD-Metabolic Activity of Fibroblasts for the Diagnostics of Osteoimplant Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2257. [PMID: 38396933 PMCID: PMC10889693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinert materials such as the zirconium dioxide and aluminum oxide are widely used in surgery and dentistry due to the absence of cytotoxicity of the materials in relation to the surrounding cells of the body. However, little attention has been paid to the study of metabolic processes occurring at the implant-cell interface. The metabolic activity of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts incubated on yttrium-stabilized zirconium ceramics cured with aluminum oxide (ATZ) and stabilized zirconium ceramics (Y-TZP) was analyzed based on the ratio of the free/bound forms of cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD obtained using two-photon microscopy. The results show that fibroblasts incubated on ceramics demonstrate a shift towards the free form of NAD(P)H, which is observed during the glycolysis process, which, according to our assumptions, is related to the porosity of the surface of ceramic structures. Consequently, despite the high viability and good proliferation of fibroblasts assessed using an MTT test and a scanning electron microscope, the cells are in a state of hypoxia during incubation on ceramic structures. The FLIM results obtained in this work can be used as additional information for scientists who are interested in manufacturing osteoimplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana B. Lepekhina
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Viktor V. Nikolaev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
| | | | - Hala Zuhayri
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Snegerev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Aleksandr S. Lozhkomoev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPMS SB RAS), 634021 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Elena I. Senkina
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPMS SB RAS), 634021 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Andrey P. Kokhanenko
- Department of Quantum Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Av. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill A. Lozovoy
- Department of Quantum Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Av. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (T.B.L.); (V.V.N.); (H.Z.); (M.S.S.); (E.I.S.); (Y.V.K.)
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4
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Dayalan Naidu S, Angelova PR, Knatko EV, Leonardi C, Novak M, de la Vega L, Ganley IG, Abramov AY, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Nrf2 depletion in the context of loss-of-function Keap1 leads to mitolysosome accumulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:478-493. [PMID: 37714439 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the principal determinant of the cellular redox homeostasis, contributing to mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics. The main negative regulator of Nrf2 is Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), a substrate adaptor for Cul3/Rbx1 ubiquitin ligase, which continuously targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Loss-of-function mutations in Keap1 occur frequently in lung cancer, leading to constitutive Nrf2 activation. We used the human lung cancer cell line A549 and its CRISPR/Cas9-generated homozygous Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) counterpart to assess the role of Nrf2 on mitochondrial health. To confirm that the observed effects of Nrf2 deficiency are not due to clonal selection or long-term adaptation to the absence of Nrf2, we also depleted Nrf2 by siRNA (siNFE2L2), thus creating populations of Nrf2-knockdown (Nrf2-KD) A549 cells. Nrf2 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, but increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, mass, DNA content, and the number of mitolysosomes. The proportion of ATG7 and ATG3 within their respective LC3B conjugates was increased in Nrf2-deficient cells with mutant Keap1, whereas the formation of new autophagosomes was not affected. Thus, in lung cancer cells with loss-of-function Keap1, Nrf2 facilitates mitolysosome degradation thereby ensuring timely clearance of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chiara Leonardi
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Miroslav Novak
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Campbell JM, Walters SN, Habibalahi A, Mahbub SB, Anwer AG, Handley S, Grey ST, Goldys EM. Pancreatic Islet Viability Assessment Using Hyperspectral Imaging of Autofluorescence. Cells 2023; 12:2302. [PMID: 37759524 PMCID: PMC10527874 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Islets prepared for transplantation into type 1 diabetes patients are exposed to compromising intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to early graft failure, necessitating repeated islet infusions for clinical insulin independence. A lack of reliable pre-transplant measures to determine islet viability severely limits the success of islet transplantation and will limit future beta cell replacement strategies. We applied hyperspectral fluorescent microscopy to determine whether we could non-invasively detect islet damage induced by oxidative stress, hypoxia, cytokine injury, and warm ischaemia, and so predict transplant outcomes in a mouse model. In assessing islet spectral signals for NAD(P)H, flavins, collagen-I, and cytochrome-C in intact islets, we distinguished islets compromised by oxidative stress (ROS) (AUC = 1.00), hypoxia (AUC = 0.69), cytokine exposure (AUC = 0.94), and warm ischaemia (AUC = 0.94) compared to islets harvested from pristine anaesthetised heart-beating mouse donors. Significantly, with unsupervised assessment we defined an autofluorescent score for ischaemic islets that accurately predicted the restoration of glucose control in diabetic recipients following transplantation. Similar results were obtained for islet single cell suspensions, suggesting translational utility in the context of emerging beta cell replacement strategies. These data show that the pre-transplant hyperspectral imaging of islet autofluorescence has promise for predicting islet viability and transplant success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Campbell
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Stacey N. Walters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.N.W.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Saabah B. Mahbub
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Shannon Handley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.N.W.); (S.T.G.)
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia; (A.H.); (S.B.M.); (A.G.A.); (S.H.); (E.M.G.)
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6
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Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152553. [PMID: 37427141 PMCID: PMC10326048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an important contributor to cancer cell survival and proliferation that coexists with enhanced glycolytic activity. Measuring mitochondrial activity is useful to characterize cancer metabolism patterns, to identify metabolic vulnerabilities and to identify new drug targets. Optical imaging, especially fluorescent microscopy, is one of the most valuable tools for studying mitochondrial bioenergetics because it provides semiquantitative and quantitative readouts as well as spatiotemporal resolution of mitochondrial metabolism. This review aims to acquaint the reader with microscopy imaging techniques currently used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are major readouts of mitochondrial metabolism. We describe features, advantages, and limitations of the most used fluorescence imaging modalities: widefield, confocal and multiphoton microscopy, and fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also discus relevant aspects of image processing. We briefly describe the role and production of NADH, NADHP, flavins and various ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and discuss how these parameters can be analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. We also explain the importance, value, and limitations of label-free autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Practical hints for the use of fluorescent probes and newly developed sensors for imaging ΔΨm, ATP and ROS are described. Overall, we provide updated information about the use of microscopy to study cancer metabolism that will be of interest to all investigators regardless of their level of expertise in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Singh G, George G, Raja SO, Kandaswamy P, Kumar M, Thutupalli S, Laxman S, Gulyani A. A molecular rotor FLIM probe reveals dynamic coupling between mitochondrial inner membrane fluidity and cellular respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213241120. [PMID: 37276406 PMCID: PMC10268597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213241120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), housing components of the electron transport chain (ETC), is the site for respiration. The ETC relies on mobile carriers; therefore, it has long been argued that the fluidity of the densely packed IMM can potentially influence ETC flux and cell physiology. However, it is unclear if cells temporally modulate IMM fluidity upon metabolic or other stimulation. Using a photostable, red-shifted, cell-permeable molecular-rotor, Mitorotor-1, we present a multiplexed approach for quantitatively mapping IMM fluidity in living cells. This reveals IMM fluidity to be linked to cellular-respiration and responsive to stimuli. Multiple approaches combining in vitro experiments and live-cell fluorescence (FLIM) lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) show Mitorotor-1 to robustly report IMM 'microviscosity'/fluidity through changes in molecular free volume. Interestingly, external osmotic stimuli cause controlled swelling/compaction of mitochondria, thereby revealing a graded Mitorotor-1 response to IMM microviscosity. Lateral diffusion measurements of IMM correlate with microviscosity reported via Mitorotor-1 FLIM-lifetime, showing convergence of independent approaches for measuring IMM local-order. Mitorotor-1 FLIM reveals mitochondrial heterogeneity in IMM fluidity; between-and-within cells and across single mitochondrion. Multiplexed FLIM lifetime imaging of Mitorotor-1 and NADH autofluorescence reveals that IMM fluidity positively correlates with respiration, across individual cells. Remarkably, we find that stimulating respiration, through nutrient deprivation or chemically, also leads to increase in IMM fluidity. These data suggest that modulating IMM fluidity supports enhanced respiratory flux. Our study presents a robust method for measuring IMM fluidity and suggests a dynamic regulatory paradigm of modulating IMM local order on changing metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, 560065Bangalore, India
| | - Geen George
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, 560065Bangalore, India
| | - Sufi O. Raja
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046Hyderabad, India
| | - Ponnuvel Kandaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, 560065Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 560065Bangalore, India
| | - Shashi Thutupalli
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 560065Bangalore, India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, 560089 Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, 560065Bangalore, India
| | - Akash Gulyani
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, 560065Bangalore, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046Hyderabad, India
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Esteras N, Blacker TS, Zherebtsov EA, Stelmashuk OA, Zhang Y, Wigley WC, Duchen MR, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Abramov AY. Nrf2 regulates glucose uptake and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102672. [PMID: 36940606 PMCID: PMC10034142 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor Keap1 mediate cell stress adaptation by inducing expression of genes regulating cellular detoxification, antioxidant defence and energy metabolism. Energy production and antioxidant defence employ NADH and NADPH respectively as essential metabolic cofactors; both are generated in distinct pathways of glucose metabolism, and both pathways are enhanced by Nrf2 activation. Here, we examined the role of Nrf2 on glucose distribution and the interrelation between NADH production in energy metabolism and NADPH homeostasis using glio-neuronal cultures isolated from wild-type, Nrf2-knockout and Keap1-knockdown mice. Employing advanced microscopy imaging of single live cells, including multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to discriminate between NADH and NADPH, we found that Nrf2 activation increases glucose uptake into neurons and astrocytes. Glucose consumption is prioritized in brain cells for mitochondrial NADH and energy production, with a smaller contribution to NADPH synthesis in the pentose phosphate pathway for redox reactions. As Nrf2 is suppressed during neuronal development, this strategy leaves neurons reliant on astrocytic Nrf2 to maintain redox balance and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- Research Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evgeny A Zherebtsov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olga A Stelmashuk
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology and Pathology, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - W Christian Wigley
- Reata Pharmaceuticals, 2801 Gateway Dr, Suite 150, Irving, TX, 75063, USA
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Research Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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9
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Raskov H, Gaggar S, Tajik A, Orhan A, Gögenur I. Metabolic switch in cancer - Survival of the fittest. Eur J Cancer 2023; 180:30-51. [PMID: 36527974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell metabolism is characterised by the highly coordinated conversion of nutrients into energy and biomass. In solid cancers, hypoxia, nutrient deficiencies, and tumour vasculature are incompatible with accelerated anabolic growth and require a rewiring of cancer cell metabolism. Driver gene mutations direct malignant cells away from oxidation to maximise energy production and biosynthesis while tumour-secreted factors degrade peripheral tissues to fuel disease progression and initiate metastasis. As it is vital to understand cancer cell metabolism and survival mechanisms, this review discusses the metabolic switch and current drug targets and clinical trials. In the future, metabolic markers may be included when phenotyping individual tumours to improve the therapeutic opportunities for personalised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, 4600, Denmark.
| | - Shruti Gaggar
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, 4600, Denmark
| | - Asma Tajik
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, 4600, Denmark
| | - Adile Orhan
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, 4600, Denmark; Department of Clinical Oncology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, 4600, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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10
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Niver AJ, Welsher KD. Combined online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal localization facilitates active-feedback particle tracking in complex environments. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:184108. [PMID: 36379789 PMCID: PMC9652022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successes in tracking single molecules in vitro, the extension of active-feedback single-particle methods to tracking rapidly diffusing and unconfined proteins in live cells has not been realized. Since the existing active-feedback localization methods localize particles in real time assuming zero background, they are ill-suited to track in the inhomogeneous background environment of a live cell. Here, we develop a windowed estimation of signal and background levels using recent data to estimate the current particle brightness and background intensity. These estimates facilitate recursive Bayesian position estimation, improving upon current Kalman-based localization methods. Combined, online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal (COBWEBS) surpasses existing 2D localization methods. Simulations demonstrate improved localization accuracy and responsivity in a homogeneous background for selected particle and background intensity combinations. Improved or similar performance of COBWEBS tracking extends to the majority of signal and background combinations explored. Furthermore, improved tracking durations are demonstrated in the presence of heterogeneous backgrounds for multiple particle intensities, diffusive speeds, and background patterns. COBWEBS can accurately track particles in the presence of high and nonuniform backgrounds, including intensity changes of up to three times the particle's intensity, making it a prime candidate for advancing active-feedback single fluorophore tracking to the cellular interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia J. Niver
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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11
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Choi ML, Chappard A, Singh BP, Maclachlan C, Rodrigues M, Fedotova EI, Berezhnov AV, De S, Peddie CJ, Athauda D, Virdi GS, Zhang W, Evans JR, Wernick AI, Zanjani ZS, Angelova PR, Esteras N, Vinokurov AY, Morris K, Jeacock K, Tosatto L, Little D, Gissen P, Clarke DJ, Kunath T, Collinson L, Klenerman D, Abramov AY, Horrocks MH, Gandhi S. Pathological structural conversion of α-synuclein at the mitochondria induces neuronal toxicity. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1134-1148. [PMID: 36042314 PMCID: PMC9448679 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) drives Parkinson's disease (PD), although the initial stages of self-assembly and structural conversion have not been directly observed inside neurons. In this study, we tracked the intracellular conformational states of α-Syn using a single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) biosensor, and we show here that α-Syn converts from a monomeric state into two distinct oligomeric states in neurons in a concentration-dependent and sequence-specific manner. Three-dimensional FRET-correlative light and electron microscopy (FRET-CLEM) revealed that intracellular seeding events occur preferentially on membrane surfaces, especially at mitochondrial membranes. The mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin triggers rapid oligomerization of A53T α-Syn, and cardiolipin is sequestered within aggregating lipid-protein complexes. Mitochondrial aggregates impair complex I activity and increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which accelerates the oligomerization of A53T α-Syn and causes permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes and cell death. These processes were also observed in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons harboring A53T mutations from patients with PD. Our study highlights a mechanism of de novo α-Syn oligomerization at mitochondrial membranes and subsequent neuronal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minee L Choi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Bhanu P Singh
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Margarida Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dementia Research institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evgeniya I Fedotova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Alexey V Berezhnov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dementia Research institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dilan Athauda
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gurvir S Virdi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James R Evans
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anna I Wernick
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Zeinab Shadman Zanjani
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrey Y Vinokurov
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Katie Morris
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kiani Jeacock
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Council of Research, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel Little
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David J Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dementia Research institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia.
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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12
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Xu HN, Gourmaud S, Podsednik A, Li X, Zhao H, Jensen FE, Talos DM, Li LZ. Optical Redox Imaging of Ex Vivo Hippocampal Tissue Reveals Age-Dependent Alterations in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090786. [PMID: 36144191 PMCID: PMC9504813 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been reported in brain tissue homogenates or neurons isolated from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. NAD, together with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), critically supports energy metabolism and maintains mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Optical redox imaging (ORI) of the intrinsic fluorescence of reduced NAD (NADH) and oxidized FAD yields cellular redox and metabolic information and provides biomarkers for a variety of pathological conditions. However, its utility in AD has not been characterized at the tissue level. We performed ex vivo ORI of freshly dissected hippocampi from a well-characterized AD mouse model with five familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations (5XFAD) and wild type (WT) control littermates at various ages. We found (1) a significant increase in the redox ratio with age in the hippocampi of both the WT control and the 5XFAD model, with a more prominent redox shift in the AD hippocampi; (2) a higher NADH in the 5XFAD versus WT hippocampi at the pre-symptomatic age of 2 months; and (3) a negative correlation between NADH and Aβ42 level, a positive correlation between Fp and Aβ42 level, and a positive correlation between redox ratio and Aβ42 level in the AD hippocampi. These findings suggest that the ORI can be further optimized to conveniently study the metabolism of freshly dissected brain tissues in animal models and identify early AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (H.N.X.); (D.M.T.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Sarah Gourmaud
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison Podsednik
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Frances E. Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia M. Talos
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (H.N.X.); (D.M.T.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (H.N.X.); (D.M.T.); (L.Z.L.)
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13
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Contreras-García IJ, Pichardo-Macías LA, Bandala C, Gómez-Manzo S. COVID-19 in G6PD-deficient patients, oxidative stress, and neuropathology. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1307-1325. [PMID: 35578850 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that regulates energy metabolism mainly through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It is well known that this enzyme participates in the antioxidant/oxidant balance via the synthesis of energy-rich molecules: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) and glutathione (GSH), controlling reactive oxygen species generation. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered a public health problem which has caused approximately 4.5 million deaths since December 2019. In relation to the role of G6PD in COVID-19 development, it is known from the existing literature that G6PD-deficient patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more susceptible to thrombosis and hemolysis, suggesting that G6PD deficiency facilitates infection by SARS-CoV-2. In relation to G6PD and neuropathology, it has been observed that deficiency of this enzyme is also present with an increase in oxidative markers. In relation to the role of G6PD and the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it has been reported that the enzymatic deficiency in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates the disease, and, in some clinical reports, an increase in hemolysis and thrombosis was observed when patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (OH-CQ), a drug with oxidative properties. In the present work, we summarize the evidence of the role of G6PD in COVID-19 and its possible role in the generation of oxidative stress and glucose metabolism deficits and inflammation present in this respiratory disease and its progression including neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, 07738, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
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14
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Bornewasser L, Domnick C, Kath-Schorr S. Stronger together for in-cell translation: natural and unnatural base modified mRNA. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4753-4761. [PMID: 35655897 PMCID: PMC9067582 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of highly modified mRNAs and visualization of their cellular distribution are challenging. We report in-cell application of in vitro transcribed mRNA containing natural base modifications and site-specifically introduced artificial nucleotides. Click chemistry on mRNA allows visualization in cells with excellent signal intensities. While non-specific introduction of reporter groups often leads to loss in mRNA functionality, we combined the benefits from site-specificity in the 3′-UTR incorporated unnatural nucleotides with the improved translation efficiency of the natural base modifications Ψ and 5mC. A series of experiments is described to observe, quantify and verify mRNA functionality. This approach represents a new way to visualize mRNA delivery into cells and monitor its spread on a cellular level and translation efficiency. We observed increased protein expression from this twofold chemically modified, artificial mRNA counterbalancing a reduced transfection rate. This synergetic effect can be exploited as a powerful tool for future research on mRNA therapeutics. Introducing unnatural base modifications site-specifically into the 3′-UTR of an mRNA bearing natural base modifications allows efficient visualization in cells by click chemistry. An enhanced protein expression in cells is observed from this twofold modified mRNA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bornewasser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Christof Domnick
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Stephanie Kath-Schorr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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15
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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16
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Glutathione-dependent redox balance characterizes the distinct metabolic properties of follicular and marginal zone B cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1789. [PMID: 35379825 PMCID: PMC8980022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic principles underlying the differences between follicular and marginal zone B cells (FoB and MZB, respectively) are not well understood. Here we show, by studying mice with B cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that glutathione synthesis affects homeostasis and differentiation of MZB to a larger extent than FoB, while glutathione-dependent redox control contributes to the metabolic dependencies of FoB. Specifically, Gclc ablation in FoB induces metabolic features of wild-type MZB such as increased ATP levels, glucose metabolism, mTOR activation, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, Gclc-deficient FoB have a block in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) due to diminished complex I and II activity and thereby accumulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite succinate. Finally, Gclc deficiency hampers FoB activation and antibody responses in vitro and in vivo, and induces susceptibility to viral infections. Our results thus suggest that Gclc is required to ensure the development of MZB, the mitochondrial ETC integrity in FoB, and the efficacy of antiviral humoral immunity. Follicular and marginal zone B (FoB and MZB, respectively) cells have divergent metabolic characteristics. Here the authors show that deficiency of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), the enzyme for glutathione synthesis, differentially impacts FoB and MZB homeostasis, while specifically impeding FoB activation and downstream antiviral immunity.
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17
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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18
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Zherebtsov EA, Potapova EV, Mamoshin AV, Shupletsov VV, Kandurova KY, Dremin VV, Abramov AY, Dunaev AV. Fluorescence lifetime needle optical biopsy discriminates hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:633-646. [PMID: 35284175 PMCID: PMC8884204 DOI: 10.1364/boe.447687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents results of in vivo and in situ measurements of hepatocellular carcinoma by a developed optical biopsy system. Here, we describe the technical details of the implementation of fluorescence lifetime and diffuse reflectance measurements by the system, equipped with an original needle optical probe, compatible with the 17.5G biopsy needle standard. The fluorescence lifetime measurements observed by the setup were verified in fresh solutions of NADH and FAD++, and then applied in a murine model for the characterisation of inoculated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent liver tissue. The technique, applied in vivo and in situ and supplemented by measurements of blood oxygen saturation, made it possible to reveal statistically significant transformation in the set of measured parameters linked with the cellular pools of NADH and NADPH. In the animal model, we demonstrate that the characteristic changes in registered fluorescent parameters can be used to reliably distinguish the HCC tissue, liver tissue in the control, and the metabolically changed liver tissues of animals with the developed HCC tumour. For further transition to clinical applications, the optical biopsy system was tested during the routing procedure of the PNB in humans with suspected HCC. The comparison of the data from murine and human HCC tissues suggests that the tested animal model is generally representative in the sense of the registered fluorescence lifetime parameters, while statistically significant differences between their absolute values can still be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii A Zherebtsov
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Elena V Potapova
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Andrian V Mamoshin
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
- Orel Regional Clinical Hospital, Orel, Russia
| | - Valery V Shupletsov
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Ksenia Y Kandurova
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Viktor V Dremin
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrey V Dunaev
- Research & Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
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19
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Gottschalk B, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Citrin mediated metabolic rewiring in response to altered basal subcellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:76. [PMID: 35058562 PMCID: PMC8776887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to long-term metabolic reprogramming, metabolic rewiring represents an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress. Ca2+ signals of distinct spatio-temporal patterns control a plethora of signaling processes and can determine basal cellular metabolic setting, however, Ca2+ signals that define metabolic rewiring have not been conclusively identified and characterized. Here, we reveal the existence of a basal Ca2+ flux originating from extracellular space and delivered to mitochondria by Ca2+ leakage from inositol triphosphate receptors in mitochondria-associated membranes. This Ca2+ flux primes mitochondrial metabolism by maintaining glycolysis and keeping mitochondria energized for ATP production. We identified citrin, a well-defined Ca2+-binding component of malate-aspartate shuttle in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, as predominant target of this basal Ca2+ regulation. Our data emphasize that any manipulation of this ubiquitous Ca2+ system has the potency to initiate metabolic rewiring as an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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20
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Abstract
AbstractMeasuring morphological and biochemical features of tissue is crucial for disease diagnosis and surgical guidance, providing clinically significant information related to pathophysiology. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques obtain both spatial and spectral features of tissue without labeling molecules such as fluorescent dyes, which provides rich information for improved disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in HSI systems have demonstrated its potential for clinical applications, especially in disease diagnosis and image-guided surgery. This review summarizes the basic principle of HSI and optical systems, deep-learning-based image analysis, and clinical applications of HSI to provide insight into this rapidly growing field of research. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical implementation of HSI techniques are discussed.
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21
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Chi H, Bhosale G, Duchen MR. Assessing the Redox Status of Mitochondria Through the NADH/FAD 2+ Ratio in Intact Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:313-318. [PMID: 35771452 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This section aims to describe the measurement of NADH and FAD2+ levels in intact cells using fluorescence microscopy. Both NADH and FADH2 are major electron donors for the electron transport chain through shifting of their redox status. Furthermore, within their redox couples, only NADH and FAD2+ are fluorescent. Therefore, calibration of the NADH and FAD2+ fluorescence signal is a crucial factor in accurately assessing mitochondrial function and redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Chi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, UCL, London, UK
| | - Gauri Bhosale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, UCL, London, UK.
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22
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Focusing new light on brain functions: multiphoton microscopy for deep and super-resolution imaging. Neurosci Res 2021; 179:24-30. [PMID: 34861295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has become a powerful tool for visualizing neurobiological phenomena such as the dynamics of individual synapses and the functional activities of neurons. Owing to its near-infrared excitation laser wavelength, multiphoton microscopy achieves greater penetration depth and is less invasive than single-photon excitation. Here, we review the principles of two-photon microscopy and its technical limitations (penetration depth and spatial resolution) on brain tissue imaging. We then describe the technological improvements of two-photon microscopy that enable deeper imaging with higher spatial resolution for investigating unrevealed brain functions.
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23
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Foomani FH, Jarzembowski JA, Mostaghimi S, Mehrvar S, Kumar SN, Ranji M. Optical Metabolic Imaging of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on HADH Mutant Newborn Rat Hearts. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2021; 9:1800407. [PMID: 34462673 PMCID: PMC8396955 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2021.3104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial [Formula: see text]-oxidation of fatty acids is the primary energy source for the heart and carried out by Hydroxy Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (HADH) encoded trifunctional protein. Mutations in the genes encoding mitochondrial proteins result in functionally defective protein complexes that contribute to energy deficiencies, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We hypothesize that a dramatic alternation in redox state and associated mitochondrial dysfunction is the underlying cause of Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) deficiency mutant, resulting in heart failure. Mitochondrial co-enzymes, NADH and FAD, are autofluorescent metabolic indices of cells when imaged, yield a quantitative assessment of the cells' redox status and, in turn, that of the tissue and organ. METHOD We utilized an optical cryo-imager to quantitively evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of mitochondrial redox state in newborn rats' hearts and kidneys. Redox ratio (RR) assessment shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is extreme and could contribute to severe heart problems and eventual heart failure in the mutants. RESULTS Three-dimensional redox ratio (NADH/FAD) rendering, and the volumetric mean value calculations confirmed significantly decreased cardiac RR in mutants by 31.90% and 12.32%, in renal mitochondrial RR compared to wild-type control. Further, histological assessment of newborn heart myocardial tissue indicated no significant difference in myocardial tissue architecture in both control and severe (HADHAe4-/-) conditions. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that optical imaging can accurately estimate the redox state changes in newborn rat organs. It is also apparent that the FAO mutant's heart tissue with a low redox ratio is probably more vulnerable to cumulative damages than kidneys and fails prematurely, contributing to sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz H. Foomani
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Jason A. Jarzembowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Suresh N. Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)ISENSE Institute, Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL33431USA
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24
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Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and NADH Redox State in Acute Brain Slices. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2276:193-202. [PMID: 34060042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1266-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain is one of the most energy-demanding organs. Energy in the form of ATP is produced in brain cells predominantly in oxidative phosphorylation coupled to mitochondrial respiration. Any alteration of the mitochondrial metabolism or prolonged ischemic or anoxic conditions can lead to serious neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Assessment of mitochondrial metabolism is important for understanding physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Bioenergetics in central nervous system is dependent on multiple parameters including neuron-glia interactions and considering this, in vivo or ex vivo, the measurements of mitochondrial metabolism should also be complimenting the experiments on isolated mitochondria or cell cultures. To assess the mitochondrial function, there are several key bioenergetic parameters which indicate mitochondrial health. One of the major characteristics of mitochondria is the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) which is used as a proton motive force for ATP production and generated by activity of the electron transport chain. Major donor of electrons for the mitochondrial respiratory chain is NADH. Here we demonstrate how to measure mitochondrial NADH/NAD(P)H autofluorescence and ΔΨm in acute brain slices in a time-dependent manner and provide information for the identification of NADH redox index, mitochondrial NADH pool, and the rate of NADH production in the Krebs cycle. Additionally, non-mitochondrial NADH/NADPH autofluorescence can signify the level of activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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25
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Pilic J, Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Sigma-1 Receptor Promotes Mitochondrial Bioenergetics by Orchestrating ER Ca 2+ Leak during Early ER Stress. Metabolites 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 34206832 PMCID: PMC8305890 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex, multifunctional organelle of eukaryotic cells and responsible for the trafficking and processing of nearly 30% of all human proteins. Any disturbance to these processes can cause ER stress, which initiates an adaptive mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER functions and homeostasis. Mitochondrial ATP production is necessary to meet the high energy demand of the UPR, while the molecular mechanisms of ER to mitochondria crosstalk under such stress conditions remain mainly enigmatic. Thus, better understanding the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics during ER stress is essential to combat many pathologies involving ER stress, the UPR, and mitochondria. This article investigates the role of Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R), an ER chaperone, has in enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics during early ER stress using human neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that inducing ER stress with tunicamycin, a known ER stressor, greatly enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics in a time- and S1R-dependent manner. This is achieved by enhanced ER Ca2+ leak directed towards mitochondria by S1R during the early phase of ER stress. Our data point to the importance of S1R in promoting mitochondrial bioenergetics and maintaining balanced H2O2 metabolism during early ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Furkan E. Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Niederschweiberer MA, Schaefer PM, Singh LN, Lausser L, Bhosale D, Hesse R, Calzia E, Kestler HA, Rueck A, Wallace DC, von Einem B, von Arnim CAF. NADH Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Selective Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurons Overexpressing Alzheimer's Disease-Related Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671274. [PMID: 34195227 PMCID: PMC8236706 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, affects globally more than 30 million people suffering from cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Substantial evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and/or progression of AD has been shown in addition to the pathological hallmarks amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau. Still, the selective vulnerability and associated selective mitochondrial dysfunction cannot even be resolved to date. We aimed at optically quantifying mitochondrial function on a single-cell level in primary hippocampal neuron models of AD, unraveling differential involvement of cell and mitochondrial populations in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. NADH lifetime imaging is a highly sensitive marker-free method with high spatial resolution. However, deciphering cellular bioenergetics of complex cells like primary neurons has still not succeeded yet. To achieve this, we combined highly sensitive NADH lifetime imaging with respiratory inhibitor treatment, allowing characterization of mitochondrial function down to even the subcellular level in primary neurons. Measuring NADH lifetime of the same neuron before and after respiratory treatment reveals the metabolic delta, which can be taken as a surrogate for cellular redox capacity. Correlating NADH lifetime delta with overexpression strength of Aβ-related proteins on the single-cell level, we could verify the important role of intracellular Aβ-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. Subcellularly, we could demonstrate a higher respiration in neuronal somata in general than dendrites, but a similar impairment of somatic and dendritic mitochondria in our AD models. This illustrates the power of NADH lifetime imaging in revealing mitochondrial function on a single and even subcellular level and its potential to shed light into bioenergetic alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Niederschweiberer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick M Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ludwig Lausser
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Devyani Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raphael Hesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- University Medical School, Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Tandon I, Quinn KP, Balachandran K. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy for the Detection and Monitoring of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:688513. [PMID: 34179147 PMCID: PMC8226007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.688513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease. CAVD results in a considerable socio-economic burden, especially considering the aging population in Europe and North America. The only treatment standard is surgical valve replacement as early diagnostic, mitigation, and drug strategies remain underdeveloped. Novel diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of CAVD progression are thus a pressing need. Additionally, non-destructive tools are required for longitudinal in vitro and in vivo assessment of CAVD initiation and progression that can be translated into clinical practice in the future. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) facilitates label-free and non-destructive imaging to obtain quantitative, optical biomarkers that have been shown to correlate with key events during CAVD progression. MPM can also be used to obtain spatiotemporal readouts of metabolic changes that occur in the cells. While cellular metabolism has been extensively explored for various cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure, and has shown potential in elucidating key pathophysiological processes in heart valve diseases, it has yet to gain traction in the study of CAVD. Furthermore, MPM also provides structural, functional, and metabolic readouts that have the potential to correlate with key pathophysiological events in CAVD progression. This review outlines the applicability of MPM and its derived quantitative metrics for the detection and monitoring of early CAVD progression. The review will further focus on the MPM-detectable metabolic biomarkers that correlate with key biological events during valve pathogenesis and their potential role in assessing CAVD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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28
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Rizzardi N, Liparulo I, Antonelli G, Orsini F, Riva A, Bergamini C, Fato R. Coenzyme Q10 Phytosome Formulation Improves CoQ10 Bioavailability and Mitochondrial Functionality in Cultured Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060927. [PMID: 34200321 PMCID: PMC8226950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble molecule with a dual role: it transfers electrons in the mitochondrial transport chain by promoting the transmembrane potential exploited by the ATPase to synthesize ATP and, in its reduced form, is a membrane antioxidant. Since the high CoQ10 hydrophobicity hinders its bioavailability, several formulations have been developed to facilitate its cellular uptake. In this work, we studied the bioenergetic and antioxidant effects in I407 and H9c2 cells of a CoQ10 phytosome formulation (UBIQSOME®, UBQ). We investigated the cellular and mitochondrial content of CoQ10 and its redox state after incubation with UBQ. We studied different bioenergetic parameters, such as oxygen consumption, ATP content and mitochondrial potential. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of CoQ10 incubation on oxidative stress, membrane lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis and highlighted the connection between the intracellular concentration of CoQ10 and its antioxidant potency. Finally, we focused on the cellular mechanism that regulates UBQ internalization. We showed that the cell lines used in this work share the same uptake mechanism for UBQ, although the intestinal cell line was less efficient. Given the limitations of an in vitro model, the latter result supports that intestinal absorption is a critical step for the oral administration of Coenzyme Q10 formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Giorgia Antonelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | | | - Antonella Riva
- Indena SpA, Viale Ortles, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1240
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
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29
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Al Madhoun A, Haddad D, Al Tarrah M, Jacob S, Al-Ali W, Nizam R, Miranda L, Al-Rashed F, Sindhu S, Ahmad R, Bitar MS, Al-Mulla F. Microarray analysis reveals ONC201 mediated differential mechanisms of CHOP gene regulation in metastatic and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11893. [PMID: 34088951 PMCID: PMC8178367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The imipramine ONC201 has antiproliferative effects in several cancer cell types and activates integrated stress response pathway associated with the induction of Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein or CHOP). We investigated the signaling pathways through which ONC201/CHOP crosstalk is regulated in ONC201-treated nonmetastatic and metastatic cancer cell lines (Dukes' type B colorectal adenocarcinoma nonmetastatic SW480 and metastatic LS-174T cells, respectively). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assays and flow cytometry, gene expression was assessed by Affymetrix microarray, signaling pathway perturbations were assessed in silico, and key regulatory proteins were validated by Western blotting. Unlike LS-174T cells, SW480 cells were resistant to ONC201 treatment; Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that cellular responsiveness to ONC201 treatment also differed substantially. In both ONC201-treated cell lines, CHOP expression was upregulated; however, its upstream regulatory mechanisms were perturbed. Although, PERK, ATF6 and IRE1 ER-stress pathways upregulated CHOP in both cell types, the Bak/Bax pathway regulated CHOP only LS-174T cells. Additionally, CHOP RNA splicing profiles varied between cell lines; these were further modified by ONC201 treatment. In conclusion, we delineated the signaling mechanisms by which CHOP expression is regulated in ONC201-treated non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal cell lines. The observed differences could be related to cellular plasticity and metabolic reprogramming, nevertheless, detailed mechanistic studies are required for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait. .,Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Mustafa Al Tarrah
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sindhu Jacob
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 046302, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Lavina Miranda
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Milad S Bitar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 046302, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.
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30
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Suss O, Motiei L, Margulies D. Broad Applications of Thiazole Orange in Fluorescent Sensing of Biomolecules and Ions. Molecules 2021; 26:2828. [PMID: 34068759 PMCID: PMC8126248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing of biomolecules has served as a revolutionary tool for studying and better understanding various biological systems. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to identify fluorescent building blocks that can be easily converted into sensing probes, which can detect specific targets with increasing sensitivity and accuracy. Over the past 30 years, thiazole orange (TO) has garnered great attention due to its low fluorescence background signal and remarkable 'turn-on' fluorescence response, being controlled only by its intramolecular torsional movement. These features have led to the development of numerous molecular probes that apply TO in order to sense a variety of biomolecules and metal ions. Here, we highlight the tremendous progress made in the field of TO-based sensors and demonstrate the different strategies that have enabled TO to evolve into a versatile dye for monitoring a collection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (O.S.); (L.M.)
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31
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Dremin V, Marcinkevics Z, Zherebtsov E, Popov A, Grabovskis A, Kronberga H, Geldnere K, Doronin A, Meglinski I, Bykov A. Skin Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Revealed by Polarized Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1207-1216. [PMID: 33406038 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3049591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging and diabetes lead to protein glycation and cause dysfunction of collagen-containing tissues. The accompanying structural and functional changes of collagen significantly contribute to the development of various pathological malformations affecting the skin, blood vessels, and nerves, causing a number of complications, increasing disability risks and threat to life. In fact, no methods of non-invasive assessment of glycation and associated metabolic processes in biotissues or prediction of possible skin complications, e.g., ulcers, currently exist for endocrinologists and clinical diagnosis. In this publication, utilizing emerging photonics-based technology, innovative solutions in machine learning, and definitive physiological characteristics, we introduce a diagnostic approach capable of evaluating the skin complications of diabetes mellitus at the very earlier stage. The results of the feasibility studies, as well as the actual tests on patients with diabetes and healthy volunteers, clearly show the ability of the approach to differentiate diabetic and control groups. Furthermore, the developed in-house polarization-based hyperspectral imaging technique accomplished with the implementation of the artificial neural network provides new horizons in the study and diagnosis of age-related diseases.
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Inhibition of mitochondrial function by metformin increases glucose uptake, glycolysis and GDF-15 release from intestinal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2529. [PMID: 33510216 PMCID: PMC7843649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though metformin is widely used to treat type2 diabetes, reducing glycaemia and body weight, the mechanisms of action are still elusive. Recent studies have identified the gastrointestinal tract as an important site of action. Here we used intestinal organoids to explore the effects of metformin on intestinal cell physiology. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis identified changes in hexose metabolism pathways, particularly glycolytic genes. Metformin increased expression of Slc2a1 (GLUT1), decreased expression of Slc2a2 (GLUT2) and Slc5a1 (SGLT1) whilst increasing GLUT-dependent glucose uptake and glycolytic rate as observed by live cell imaging of genetically encoded metabolite sensors and measurement of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. Metformin caused mitochondrial dysfunction and metformin's effects on 2D-cultures were phenocopied by treatment with rotenone and antimycin-A, including upregulation of GDF15 expression, previously linked to metformin dependent weight loss. Gene expression changes elicited by metformin were replicated in 3D apical-out organoids and distal small intestines of metformin treated mice. We conclude that metformin affects glucose uptake, glycolysis and GDF-15 secretion, likely downstream of the observed mitochondrial dysfunction. This may explain the effects of metformin on intestinal glucose utilisation and food balance.
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Maeda Y, Kikuchi R, Kawagoe J, Tsuji T, Koyama N, Yamaguchi K, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Anti-cancer strategy targeting the energy metabolism of tumor cells surviving a low-nutrient acidic microenvironment. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101093. [PMID: 33007425 PMCID: PMC7578269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor cells experience hypoxia, acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Metabolic adaptation to glucose shortage is essential to maintain tumor cells' survival because of their high glucose requirement. This study evaluated the hypothesis that acidosis might promote tumor survival during glucose shortage and if so, explored a novel drug targeting metabolic vulnerability to glucose shortage. METHODS Cell survival and bioenergetics metabolism were assessed in lung cancer cell lines. Our in-house small-molecule compounds were screened to identify those that kill cancer cells under low-glucose conditions. Cytotoxicity against non-cancerous cells was also assessed. Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo using a mouse engraft model. RESULTS Acidosis limited the cellular consumption of glucose and ATP, causing tumor cells to enter a metabolically dormant but energetically economic state, which promoted tumor cell survival during glucose deficiency. We identified ESI-09, a previously known exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EAPC) inhibitor, as an anti-cancer compound that inhibited cancer cells under low-glucose conditions even when associated with acidosis. Bioenergetic studies showed that independent of EPAC inhibition, ESI-09 was a safer mitochondrial uncoupler than a classical uncoupler and created a futile cycle of mitochondrial respiration, leading to decreased ATP production, increased ATP dissipation, and fuel scavenging. Accordingly, ESI-09 exhibited more cytotoxic effects under low-glucose conditions than under normal glucose conditions. ESI-09 was also more effective than actively proliferating cells on quiescent glucose-restricted cells. Cisplatin showed opposite effects. ESI-09 inhibited tumor growth in lung cancer engraft mice. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the acidosis-induced promotion of tumor survival during glucose shortage and demonstrates that ESI-09 is a novel potent anti-cancer mitochondrial uncoupler that targets a metabolic vulnerability to glucose shortage even when associated with acidosis. The higher cytotoxicity under lower-than-normal glucose conditions suggests that ESI-09 is safer than conventional chemotherapy, can target the metabolic vulnerability of tumor cells to low-glucose stress, and is applicable to many cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kawagoe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Medicine, Otsuki Municipal Hospital, 1255 Hanasaki, Otsuki-chou, Otsuki-shi, Yamanashi, 401-0015, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
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Erkkilä MT, Reichert D, Gesperger J, Kiesel B, Roetzer T, Mercea PA, Drexler W, Unterhuber A, Leitgeb RA, Woehrer A, Rueck A, Andreana M, Widhalm G. Macroscopic fluorescence-lifetime imaging of NADH and protoporphyrin IX improves the detection and grading of 5-aminolevulinic acid-stained brain tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20492. [PMID: 33235233 PMCID: PMC7686506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximal safe tumor resection remains the key prognostic factor for improved prognosis in brain tumor patients. Despite 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fluorescence guidance the neurosurgeon is, however, not able to visualize most low-grade gliomas (LGG) and infiltration zone of high-grade gliomas (HGG). To overcome the need for a more sensitive visualization, we investigated the potential of macroscopic, wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in selected human brain tumors. For future intraoperative use, the imaging system offered a square field of view of 11 mm at 250 mm free working distance. We performed imaging of tumor tissue ex vivo, including LGG and HGG as well as brain metastases obtained from 21 patients undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery. Half of all samples showed visible fluorescence during surgery, which was associated with significant increase in PPIX fluorescence lifetime. While the PPIX lifetime was significantly different between specific tumor tissue types, the NADH lifetimes did not differ significantly among them. However, mainly necrotic areas exhibited significantly lower NADH lifetimes compared to compact tumor in HGG. Our pilot study indicates that combined fluorescence lifetime imaging of NADH/PPIX represents a sensitive tool to visualize brain tumor tissue not detectable with conventional 5-ALA fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael T Erkkilä
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reichert
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Roetzer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra A Mercea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer A Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, N24/4105, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Xu HN, Lin Z, Gandhi CK, Amatya S, Wang Y, Li LZ, Floros J. Sex and SP-A2 Dependent NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Mouse Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Ozone Exposure: Potential Implications for COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100915. [PMID: 32992843 PMCID: PMC7601279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) redox plays a key role in macrophage function. Surfactant protein (SP-) A modulates the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM) and ozone (O3) exposure in the presence or absence of SP-A and reduces mouse survival in a sex-dependent manner. It is unclear whether and how NAD(H) redox status plays a role in the innate immune response in a sex-dependent manner. We investigated the NAD(H) redox status of AM from SP-A2 and SP-A knockout (KO) mice in response to O3 or filtered air (control) exposure using optical redox imaging technique. We found: (i) In SP-A2 mice, the redox alteration of AM in response to O3 showed sex-dependence with AM from males being significantly more oxidized and having a higher level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species than females; (ii) AM from KO mice were more oxidized after O3 exposure and showed no sex differences; (iii) AM from female KO mice were more oxidized than female SP-A2 mice; and (iv) Two distinct subpopulations characterized by size and redox status were observed in a mouse AM sample. In conclusions, the NAD(H) redox balance in AM responds to O3 in a sex-dependent manner and the innate immune molecule, SP-A2, contributes to this observed sex-specific redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenwu Lin
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
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Optical percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver: a pilot animal and clinical study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14200. [PMID: 32848190 PMCID: PMC7449966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the experiments which were performed using the optical biopsy system specially developed for in vivo tissue classification during the percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) of the liver. The proposed system includes an optical probe of small diameter acceptable for use in the PNB of the liver. The results of the feasibility studies and actual tests on laboratory mice with inoculated hepatocellular carcinoma and in clinical conditions on patients with liver tumors are presented and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to assess the diagnostic volume and to trace the sensing depth. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements were used to monitor metabolic and morphological changes in tissues. The tissue oxygen saturation was evaluated using a recently developed approach to neural network fitting of diffuse reflectance spectra. The Support Vector Machine Classification was applied to identify intact liver and tumor tissues. Analysis of the obtained results shows the high sensitivity and specificity of the proposed multimodal method. This approach allows to obtain information before the tissue sample is taken, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of false-negative biopsies.
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Penjweini R, Roarke B, Alspaugh G, Gevorgyan A, Andreoni A, Pasut A, Sackett DL, Knutson JR. Single cell-based fluorescence lifetime imaging of intracellular oxygenation and metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101549. [PMID: 32403080 PMCID: PMC7217996 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction chemistry is fundamental to the metabolism of all living organisms, and hence quantifying the principal redox players is important for a comprehensive understanding of cell metabolism in normal and pathological states. In mammalian cells, this is accomplished by measuring oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in parallel with free and enzyme-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [H] (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, a proxy for NAD+). Previous optical methods for these measurements had accompanying problems of cytotoxicity, slow speed, population averaging, and inability to measure all redox parameters simultaneously. Herein we present a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based oxygen sensor, Myoglobin-mCherry, compatible with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM)-based measurement of nicotinamide coenzyme state. This offers a contemporaneous reading of metabolic activity through real-time, non-invasive, cell-by-cell intracellular pO2 and coenzyme status monitoring in living cells. Additionally, this method reveals intracellular spatial heterogeneity and cell-to-cell variation in oxygenation and coenzyme states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Penjweini
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA
| | - Branden Roarke
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA
| | - Greg Alspaugh
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA
| | - Anahit Gevorgyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA
| | - Alessio Andreoni
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA; Laboratory of Optical Neurophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alessandra Pasut
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Dan L Sackett
- Cytoskeletal Dynamics Group, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 9, Room 1E129, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0924, USA
| | - Jay R Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1412, USA.
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Tandon I, Kolenc OI, Cross D, Vargas I, Johns S, Quinn KP, Balachandran K. Label-free metabolic biomarkers for assessing valve interstitial cell calcific progression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10317. [PMID: 32587322 PMCID: PMC7316720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common form of valve disease where the only available treatment strategy is surgical valve replacement. Technologies for the early detection of CAVD would benefit the development of prevention, mitigation and alternate therapeutic strategies. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is a label-free, non-destructive imaging technique that has been shown to correlate with multiple markers for cellular differentiation and phenotypic changes in cancer and wound healing. Here we show how specific TPEF markers, namely, the optical redox ratio and mitochondrial fractal dimension, correlate with structural, functional and phenotypic changes occurring in the aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) during osteogenic differentiation. The optical redox ratio, and fractal dimension of mitochondria were assessed and correlated with gene expression and nuclear morphology of VICs. The optical redox ratio decreased for VICs during early osteogenic differentiation and correlated with biological markers for CAVD progression. Fractal dimension correlated with structural and osteogenic markers as well as measures of nuclear morphology. Our study suggests that TPEF imaging markers, specifically the optical redox ratio and mitochondrial fractal dimension, can be potentially used as a tool for assessing early CAVD progression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Olivia I Kolenc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Delaney Cross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Isaac Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Shelby Johns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Lighting Up Live-Cell and In Vivo Central Carbon Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:293-314. [PMID: 32119572 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the core component of cell metabolism, central carbon metabolism, consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle converts nutrients into metabolic precursors for biomass and energy to sustain the life of virtually all extant species. The metabolite levels or distributions in central carbon metabolism often change dynamically with cell fates, development, and disease progression. However, traditional biochemical methods require cell lysis, making it challenging to obtain spatiotemporal information about metabolites in living cells and in vivo. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors allow the rapid, sensitive, specific, and real-time readout of metabolite dynamics in living organisms, thereby offering the potential to fill the gap in current techniques. In this review, we introduce recent progress made in the development of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for central carbon metabolism and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Moreover, several future directions of metabolite sensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorescence of co-enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) provides a sensitive measure of the mitochondrial redox state and cellular metabolism. By imaging NADH and Fp, we investigated the utility of optical redox imaging (ORI) to monitor cellular metabolism and detect early metabolic response to cancer drugs. PROCEDURES We performed ORI of human melanoma DB-1 cells in culture and DB-1 mouse xenografts to detect the redox response to lonidamine (LND) treatment. RESULTS For cultured cells, LND treatment for 45 min significantly lowered NADH levels with no significant change in Fp, resulting in a significant increase in the Fp redox ratio (Fp/(NADH+Fp)); 3-h prolonged treatment led to a decrease in NADH and an increase in Fp and a more oxidized redox state compared to control. Significant decrease in the mitochondrial redox capacity of LND-treated cells was observed for the first time. For xenografts, 45-min LND treatment resulted in a significant reduction of NADH content, no significant changes in Fp content, and a trend of increase in the Fp redox ratio. Intratumor redox heterogeneity was observed in both control and LND-treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results support the utility of ORI for evaluating cellular metabolism and monitoring early metabolic response to cancer drugs.
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Nonappa. Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:533-546. [PMID: 32280577 PMCID: PMC7136552 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanomaterials have emerged as attractive candidates for sensing, catalysis and bioimaging applications in recent years. For practical use in bioimaging, nanomaterials with high photoluminescence, quantum yield, photostability and large Stokes shifts are needed. While offering high photoluminescence and quantum yield, semiconductor quantum dots suffer from toxicity and are susceptible to oxidation. In this context, atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by thiol monolayers have emerged as a new class of luminescent nanomaterials. Low toxicity, bioavailability, photostability as well as tunable size, composition, and optoelectronic properties make them suitable for bioimaging and biosensing applications. In this review, an overview of the sensing of pathogens, and of in vitro and in vivo bioimaging using luminescent gold nanoclusters along with the limitations with selected examples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
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42
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Babkina AS, Sundukov DV, Golubev AM, Ryzhkov IA, Tsokolaeva ZI, Zarzhetsky YV. [Determination of the fluorescence intensity of coenzymes NADH and FAD in the skeletal muscle of the rat depending on the post-mortem interval]. Sud Med Ekspert 2020; 63:31-35. [PMID: 32040085 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20206301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study is to identify patterns of variations of the fluorescence intensity of NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide) in the skeletal muscle depending on the time since death. For the evaluation of fluorescence intensity of the studied coenzymes, laser-induced spectroscopy in situ was used. We revealed the dynamic of the fluorescence intensity of NADH and FAD in the skeletal muscle of a rat at different times during the post-mortem period, and theoretically justified the observed phenomena. The results obtained allow us to consider the studied indicators as a potential criterion for determining the post-mortem interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Babkina
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 117198; General resuscitation Research Center of the V.A. Negovsky Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of resuscitation and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - D V Sundukov
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - A M Golubev
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 117198; General resuscitation Research Center of the V.A. Negovsky Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of resuscitation and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - I A Ryzhkov
- General resuscitation Research Center of the V.A. Negovsky Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of resuscitation and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - Z I Tsokolaeva
- General resuscitation Research Center of the V.A. Negovsky Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of resuscitation and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - Yu V Zarzhetsky
- General resuscitation Research Center of the V.A. Negovsky Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of resuscitation and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, 107031
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Nesci S, Spinaci M, Galeati G, Nerozzi C, Pagliarani A, Algieri C, Tamanini C, Bucci D. Sperm function and mitochondrial activity: An insight on boar sperm metabolism. Theriogenology 2020; 144:82-88. [PMID: 31927418 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study boar sperm mitochondrial activity was studied and deepened in order to delineate the main metabolic strategies used by boar sperm to obtain energy and to link them to sperm function. Boar spermatozoa were collected, diluted at 30 × 106 spz/mL and incubated for 1 h with: Rotenone (ROT), complex I inhibitor, Dimethyl-malonate (DMM), complex II inhibitor, antimycin A (ANTI), complex III inhibitor, oligomycin (OLIGO), ATP synthase inhibitor, Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), uncoupling agent, 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), glucose agonist, and Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as control vehicle. Viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (Sybr14/PI/JC1 staining) and sperm motility (using CASA system) were assayed after incubation. ROT, ANTI, OLIGO and CCCP significantly reduced total and progressive motility as well as cell velocities; ANTI and CCCP depressed mitochondrial membrane potential but did not affect cell viability. Cluster analysis of kinematic parameters showed some interesting features of sperm subpopulations: ANTI and CCCP caused a shift in sperm subpopulation towards "slow non progressive" cells, OLIGO and ROT caused a shift towards "average" and "slow non progressive" cells, while DMM and 2DG increased the "fast progressive" cells subpopulation. Sperm mitochondrial respiration and substrate oxidation, assayed polographically and spectrofluorimetrically, respectively pointed out a high ATP turnover and a low spare respiratory capacity, mainly linked to the NADH-O2 oxidase activity. Therefore, boar spermatozoa heavily rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and especially on Complex I activity, to produce ATP and fuel motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Nerozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Carlo Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
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Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Mahbub S, Gosnell M, Anwer AG, Paton S, Gronthos S, Goldys E. Non-destructive, label free identification of cell cycle phase in cancer cells by multispectral microscopy of autofluorescence. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1242. [PMID: 31864316 PMCID: PMC6925881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell cycle analysis is important for cancer research. However, available methodologies have drawbacks including limited categorisation and reliance on fixation, staining or transformation. Multispectral analysis of endogenous cell autofluorescence has been shown to be sensitive to changes in cell status and could be applied to the discrimination of cell cycle without these steps. Methods Cells from the MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, and HeLa cell lines were plated on gridded dishes and imaged using a multispectral fluorescence microscope. They were then stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA intensity as a reference standard for their cell cycle position (G1, S, G2, M). The multispectral data was split into training and testing datasets and models were generated to discriminate between G1, S, and G2 + M phase cells. A standard decision tree classification approach was taken, and a two-step system was generated for each line. Results Across cancer cell lines accuracy ranged from 68.3% (MIA-PaCa-2) to 73.3% (HeLa) for distinguishing G1 from S and G2 + M, and 69.0% (MIA-PaCa-2) to 78.0% (PANC1) for distinguishing S from G2 + M. Unmixing the multispectral data showed that the autofluorophores NADH, FAD, and PPIX had significant differences between phases. Similarly, the redox ratio and the ratio of protein bound to free NADH were significantly affected. Conclusions These results demonstrate that multispectral microscopy could be used for the non-destructive, label free discrimination of cell cycle phase in cancer cells. They provide novel information on the mechanisms of cell-cycle progression and control, and have practical implications for oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, 2109, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Saabah Mahbub
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin Gosnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,Quantitative Pty Ltd, Mt Victoria, New South Wales, 2786, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon Paton
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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45
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Oettmeier C, Döbereiner HG. Mitochondrial numbers increase during glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1647-1655. [PMID: 31267225 PMCID: PMC6820597 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum leads to a specific morphotype, a highly motile mesoplasmodium. We investigated the ultrastructure of both mesoplasmodia and non-starved plasmodia and found significantly increased numbers of mitochondria in glucose-deprived mesoplasmodia. The volume of individual mitochondria was the same in both growth forms. We conjecture that the number of mitochondria correlates with the metabolic state of the cell: When glucose is absent, the slime mold is forced to switch to different metabolic pathways, which occur inside mitochondria. Furthermore, a catabolic cue (such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)) could stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oettmeier
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum N4260, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Döbereiner
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum O4040, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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Mehrvar S, Rymut KT, Foomani FH, Mostaghimi S, Eells JT, Ranji M, Gopalakrishnan S. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Redox State to Assess Diabetic Wounds. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2019; 7:1800809. [PMID: 32166047 PMCID: PMC6889942 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2019.2945323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and
chronic non-healing lower extremity ulcers may end with lower limb amputations and
mortalities. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, it is
critical to focus on underlying mechanisms of these debilitating wounds to find novel
therapeutic strategies and thereby improve patient outcome. Methods: This
study aims to design a label-free optical fluorescence imager that captures metabolic
indices (NADH and FAD autofluorescence) and monitors the in vivo wound
healing progress noninvasively. Furthermore, 3D optical cryo-imaging of the mitochondrial
redox state was utilized to assess the volumetric redox state of the wound tissue.
Results: The results from our in vivo fluorescence
imager and the 3D cryo-imager quantify the differences between the redox state of wounds
on diabetic mice in comparison with the control mice. These metabolic changes are
associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and higher oxidative stress in diabetic wounds.
A significant correlation was observed between the redox state and the area of the wounds.
Conclusion: The results suggest that our developed novel optical
imaging system can successfully be used as an optical indicator of the complex wound
healing process noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Kevin T Rymut
- 2College of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Farnaz H Foomani
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Janis T Eells
- 3Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
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Rabinovich S, Silberman A, Adler L, Agron S, Levin-Zaidman S, Bahat A, Porat Z, Ben-Zeev E, Geva I, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Buchaklian A, Helbling D, Dimmock D, Erez A. The mitochondrial carrier Citrin plays a role in regulating cellular energy during carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 39:164-175. [PMID: 31462712 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Citrin, encoded by SLC25A13 gene, is an inner mitochondrial transporter that is part of the malate-aspartate shuttle, which regulates the NAD+/NADH ratio between the cytosol and mitochondria. Citrullinemia type II (CTLN-II) is an inherited disorder caused by germline mutations in SLC25A13, manifesting clinically in growth failure that can be alleviated by dietary restriction of carbohydrates. The association of citrin with glycolysis and NAD+/NADH ratio led us to hypothesize that it may play a role in carcinogenesis. Indeed, we find that citrin is upregulated in multiple cancer types and is essential for supplementing NAD+ for glycolysis and NADH for oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, citrin deficiency associates with autophagy, whereas its overexpression in cancer cells increases energy production and cancer invasion. Furthermore, based on the human deleterious mutations in citrin, we found a potential inhibitor of citrin that restricts cancerous phenotypes in cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting citrin may be of benefit for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Rabinovich
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Agron
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Bahat
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Cell Sorting, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben-Zeev
- Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal Geva
- Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Buchaklian
- Human and Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry Center, Medical College Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Helbling
- Human and Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry Center, Medical College Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Human and Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry Center, Medical College Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Amyloid Beta and Phosphorylated Tau-Induced Defective Autophagy and Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050488. [PMID: 31121890 PMCID: PMC6562604 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Several decades of intense research have revealed that multiple cellular changes are implicated in the development and progression of AD, including mitochondrial damage, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) formation and accumulation, hyperphosphorylated tau (P-Tau) formation and accumulation, deregulated microRNAs, synaptic damage, and neuronal loss in patients with AD. Among these, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are early events in the disease process. Recent research also revealed that Aβ and P-Tau-induced defective autophagy and mitophagy are prominent events in AD pathogenesis. Age-dependent increased levels of Aβ and P-Tau reduced levels of several autophagy and mitophagy proteins. In addition, abnormal interactions between (1) Aβ and mitochondrial fission protein Drp1; (2) P-Tau and Drp1; and (3) Aβ and PINK1/parkin lead to an inability to clear damaged mitochondria and other cellular debris from neurons. These events occur selectively in affected AD neurons. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent developments of a Aβ and P-Tau-induced defective autophagy and mitophagy in AD. This article also summarizes several aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormal mitochondrial dynamics (increased fission and reduced fusion), defective mitochondrial biogenesis, reduced ATP, increased free radicals and lipid peroxidation, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and calcium dyshomeostasis in AD pathogenesis. Our article also discusses how reduced levels of Drp1, Aβ, and P-Tau can enhance the clearance of damaged mitochondria and other cellular debris by autophagy and mitophagy mechanisms.
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Zherebtsova AI, Dremin VV, Makovik IN, Zherebtsov EA, Dunaev AV, Goltsov A, Sokolovski SG, Rafailov EU. Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of the Microhaemodynamics in Upper and Lower Limbs. Front Physiol 2019; 10:416. [PMID: 31057417 PMCID: PMC6477060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods into clinical practice can substantially advance in the detection of early microcirculatory disorders in patients with different diseases. This paper is devoted to the development and application of the optical non-invasive diagnostic approach for the detection and evaluation of the severity of microcirculatory and metabolic disorders in rheumatic diseases and diabetes mellitus. The proposed methods include the joint use of laser Doppler flowmetry, absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with functional tests. This technique showed the high diagnostic importance for the detection of disturbances in peripheral microhaemodynamics. These methods have been successfully tested as additional diagnostic techniques in the field of rheumatology and endocrinology. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic procedures have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina I. Zherebtsova
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Dremin
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Irina N. Makovik
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Zherebtsov
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V. Dunaev
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G. Sokolovski
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- International Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Edik U. Rafailov
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- International Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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50
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Fiorillo M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. "Energetic" Cancer Stem Cells (e-CSCs): A New Hyper-Metabolic and Proliferative Tumor Cell Phenotype, Driven by Mitochondrial Energy. Front Oncol 2019; 8:677. [PMID: 30805301 PMCID: PMC6370664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide the necessary evidence that mitochondrial metabolism drives the anchorage-independent proliferation of CSCs. Two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 [ER(+)] and MDA-MB-468 (triple-negative), were used as model systems. To directly address the issue of metabolic heterogeneity in cancer, we purified a new distinct sub-population of CSCs, based solely on their energetic profile. We propose the term “energetic” cancer stem cells (e-CSCs), to better describe this novel cellular phenotype. In a single step, we first isolated an auto-fluorescent cell sub-population, based on their high flavin-content, using flow-cytometry. Then, these cells were further subjected to a detailed phenotypic characterization. More specifically, e-CSCs were more glycolytic, with higher mitochondrial mass and showed significantly elevated oxidative metabolism. e-CSCs also demonstrated an increased capacity to undergo cell cycle progression, as well as enhanced anchorage-independent growth and ALDH-positivity. Most importantly, these e-CSCs could be effectively targeted by treatments with either (i) OXPHOS inhibitors (DPI) or (ii) a CDK4/6 inhibitor (Ribociclib). Finally, we were able to distinguish two distinct phenotypic sub-types of e-CSCs, depending on whether they were grown as 2D-monolayers or as 3D-spheroids. Remarkably, under 3D anchorage-independent growth conditions, e-CSCs were strictly dependent on oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. Unbiased proteomics analysis demonstrated the up-regulation of gene products specifically related to the anti-oxidant response, mitochondrial energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibitors should be further developed as promising anti-cancer agents, to directly target and eliminate the “fittest” e-CSCs. Our results have important implications for using e-CSCs, especially those derived from 3D-spheroids, (i) in tumor tissue bio-banking and (ii) as a new cellular platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorillo
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.,The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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