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Li Y, Yu X, Shi J, Zhao J, Li L. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in nutrient metabolism and immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface. Placenta 2024; 154:9-17. [PMID: 38830294 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface is composed of the placenta, which is affiliated with the fetus, and the maternal decidua. During pregnancy, the placenta is mainly responsible for nutrient transport and immune tolerance maintenance, which plays a key role in fetal growth and development and pregnancy maintenance. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that exists in various cell types at the maternal-fetal interface and is involved in multiple cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the role of AhR in regulating various physiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as tryptophan metabolism and immune responses, within non-pregnant tissues. This review shifts focus towards understanding how AhR modulation impacts metabolism and immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface. This may implicate the development of pregnancy-related complications and the potential target of the AhR pathway for therapeutic strategies against poor pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- School of Public Health Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100083, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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Hwang G, Kwon M, Seo D, Kim DH, Lee D, Lee K, Kim E, Kang M, Ryu JH. ASOptimizer: Optimizing antisense oligonucleotides through deep learning for IDO1 gene regulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102186. [PMID: 38706632 PMCID: PMC11066473 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for cellular RNA regulation, including targets that are considered undruggable; however, manually designing optimal ASO sequences can be labor intensive and time consuming, which potentially limits their broader application. To address this challenge, we introduce a platform, the ASOptimizer, a deep-learning-based framework that efficiently designs ASOs at a low cost. This platform not only selects the most efficient mRNA target sites but also optimizes the chemical modifications for enhanced performance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) promotes cancer survival by depleting tryptophan and producing kynurenine, leading to immunosuppression through the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) pathway within the tumor microenvironment. We used ASOptimizer to identify ASOs that target IDO1 mRNA as potential cancer therapeutics. Our methodology consists of two stages: sequence engineering and chemical engineering. During the sequence-engineering stage, we optimized and predicted ASO sequences that could target IDO1 mRNA efficiently. In the chemical-engineering stage, we further refined these ASOs to enhance their inhibitory activity while reducing their potential cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our research demonstrates the potential of ASOptimizer for identifying ASOs with improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjo Hwang
- Spidercore Inc, 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Kwon
- BIORCHESTRA Co., Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Dongjin Seo
- Spidercore Inc, 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Kim
- BIORCHESTRA Co., Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Daehwan Lee
- Spidercore Inc, 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lee
- Spidercore Inc, 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- BIORCHESTRA Co., Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Mingeun Kang
- Spidercore Inc, 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeob Ryu
- BIORCHESTRA Co., Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
- BIORCHESTRA US., Inc., 1 Kendall Square, Building 200, Suite 2-103, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Helmbrecht N, Lackner M, Maricic T, Pääbo S. The modern human aryl hydrocarbon receptor is more active when ancestralized by genome editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402159121. [PMID: 38739836 PMCID: PMC11145187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402159121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that has many functions in mammals. Its best known function is that it binds aromatic hydrocarbons and induces the expression of cytochrome P450 genes, which encode enzymes that metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons and other substrates. All present-day humans carry an amino acid substitution at position 381 in the AHR that occurred after the divergence of modern humans from Neandertals and Denisovans. Previous studies that have expressed the ancestral and modern versions of AHR from expression vectors have yielded conflicting results with regard to their activities. Here, we use genome editing to modify the endogenous AHR gene so that it encodes to the ancestral, Neandertal-like AHR protein in human cells. In the absence of exogenous ligands, the expression of AHR target genes is higher in cells expressing the ancestral AHR than in cells expressing the modern AHR, and similar to the expression in chimpanzee cells. Furthermore, the modern human AHR needs higher doses of three ligands than the ancestral AHR to induce the expression of target genes. Thus, the ability of AHR to induce the expression of many of its target genes is reduced in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Helmbrecht
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, LeipzigD-04103, Germany
| | - Martin Lackner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, LeipzigD-04103, Germany
| | - Tomislav Maricic
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, LeipzigD-04103, Germany
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, LeipzigD-04103, Germany
- Human Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa904-0495, Japan
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4
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Lin YC, Wang LH, Wen HJ, Yang CY, Lee YL, Lee CC, Tsai EM, Huang SK, Leon Guo YL. Association of the AhR, ARNT, and AhRR gene polymorphisms and cord blood AhR levels with elevated cord blood IgE susceptibility in Taiwan mother-infant pairs: a nested case-control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38590026 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2338896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR-nuclear translocator (ARNT), and AhR repressor (AhRR) genes in the elevation of cord blood IgE (CbIgE) remained unclear. Our aims were to determine the polymorphisms of AhR, ARNT, and AhRR genes, cord blood AhR (CBAhR) level, and susceptibility to elevation of CbIgE. 206 infant-mother pairs with CbIgE>=0.35 IU/ml and 421 randomly selected controls recruited from our previous study. Genotyping was determined using TaqMan assays. Statistical analysis showed AhR rs2066853 (GG vs. AA+AG: adjusted OR (AOR)=1.5, 95%CI=1.10-2.31 and AOR=1.60, 95%CI=1.06-2.43, respectively) and the combination of AhR rs2066853 and maternal total IgE (mtIgE)>=100 IU/ml were significantly correlated with CbIgE>=0.35 IU/ml or CbIgE>=0.5 IU/ml. CBAhR in a random subsample and CbIgE levels were significantly higher in infants with rs2066853GG genotype. We suggest that infant AhR rs2066853 and their interactions with mtIgE>=100 IU/ml significantly correlate with elevated CbIgE, but AhRR and ARNT polymorphisms do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ling Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Hou JJ, Ma AH, Qin YH. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1279172. [PMID: 37942478 PMCID: PMC10628454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1279172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease that affects more than 3.5 million people, with rising prevalence. It deeply affects patients' daily life, increasing the burden on patients, families, and society. Presently, the etiology of IBD remains incompletely clarified, while emerging evidence has demonstrated that altered gut microbiota and decreased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity are closely associated with IBD. Furthermore, microbial metabolites are capable of AHR activation as AHR ligands, while the AHR, in turn, affects the microbiota through various pathways. In light of the complex connection among gut microbiota, the AHR, and IBD, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we describe the role of gut microbiota and AHR activation in IBD and discussed the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the AHR in the context of IBD. Taken as a whole, we propose new therapeutic strategies targeting the AHR-microbiota axis for IBD, even for other related diseases caused by AHR-microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Zhang G, Xia Z, Tian C, Xia A, You J, Liu J, Yang S, Li L. Discovery of 5-((1H-indazol-3-yl) methylene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives as a new class of AHR agonists with anti-psoriasis activity in a mouse model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023:129383. [PMID: 37348572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor and participates in the regulation of the immune balance of Th17/22 and Treg cells. It has been found to be widely expressed in the skin, and involved in the pathology of psoriasis. Therefore, AHR is thought as a potential intervention target for psoriasis. Here, we report the discovery of 5-((1H-indazol-3-yl) methylene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives as a new class of AHR agonists. Structure-activity relationship analyses led to the identification of the most active compound, 5- ((1H-indazol-3-yl)methylene) -3- (prop-2-yn-1-yl) -2-thiooimidazolidin-4-one (24e), which exhibited an EC50 value of 0.015 µM against AHR. Mechanism of action studies showed that 24e regulated the expression of CYP1A1 by activating the AHR pathway. Topical administration of 24e substantially alleviated imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion. Overall, compound 24e could be a good lead compound for drug discovery against psoriasis, and hence deserving further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziyi Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Anjie Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing You
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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7
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Mazzeo DEC, Dombrowski A, Oliveira FA, Levy CE, Oehlmann J, Marchi MRR. Endocrine disrupting activity in sewage sludge: Screening method, microbial succession and cost-effective strategy for detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117207. [PMID: 36621316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) presents a high agronomic potential due to high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients, encouraging its recycling as a soil conditioner. However, the presence of toxic substances can preclude this use. To enable the safe disposal of this waste in agriculture, SS requires additional detoxification to decrease the environmental risks of this practice. Although some alternatives have been proposed in this sense, little attention is provided to eliminating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop effective and low-cost technology to eliminate EDCs from SS. For this, a detoxification process combining microorganisms and biostimulating agents (soil, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds) was performed for 2, 4, and 6 months with aerobic and anaerobic SSs. The (anti-)estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic, retinoic-like, and dioxin-like activities of SSs samples were verified using yeast-based reporter-gene assays to prove the effectiveness of the treatments. A fractionation procedure of samples, dividing the target sample extract into several fractions according to their polarity, was conducted to decrease the matrix complexity and facilitate the identification of EDCs. A decrease in the abundance and microbial diversity of the SS samples was noted along the biostimulation with the predominance of filamentous fungal species over yeasts and gram-positive bacteria and non-fermenting rods over enterobacteria. Among the 9 EDCs quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS, triclosan and alkylphenols presented the highest concentrations in both SS. Before detoxification, the studied SSs induced significant agonistic activity, especially at the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) and the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The raw anaerobic sludge also activated the androgen (hAR), retinoic acid (RARα), and retinoid X (RXRα) receptors. However, no significant endocrine-disrupting activities were observed after the SS detoxification, showing that the technology applied here efficiently eliminates receptor-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dânia Elisa C Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flávio Andrade Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emílio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mary Rosa R Marchi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors: Evidence of Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051087. [PMID: 35625824 PMCID: PMC9139118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, is important for xenobiotic metabolism and binds to various endogenous and exogenous ligands present in the skin. AhR is known to be associated with diseases in various organs; however, its functions in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PS), have recently been elucidated. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of AhR related to chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as AD and PS, and the mechanisms of action of AhR on the skin immune system. The importance of AhR molecular biological pathways, clinical features in animal models, and AhR ligands in skin diseases need to be investigated. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of AhR ligands are demonstrated based on the relationship between AhR and skin diseases. Nevertheless, further studies are required to elucidate the detailed roles of AhR in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
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9
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Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate Neuropentraxin 1 Expression in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042369. [PMID: 35216489 PMCID: PMC8874566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in animal models of CKD, the transcription factor Aryl Hydrocabon Receptor (AhR) is overactivated. In addition to the canonical AhR targets constituting the AhR signature, numerous other genes are regulated by this factor. We identified neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) as a new AhR target. Belonging to the inflammatory protein family, NPTX1 seems of prime interest regarding the inflammatory state observed in CKD. Endothelial cells were exposed to tryptophan-derived toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The adenine mouse model of CKD was used to analyze NPTX1 expression in the burden of uremia. NPTX1 expression was quantified by RT-PCR and western blot. AhR involvement was analyzed using silencing RNA. We found that IS and IAA upregulated NPTX1 expression in an AhR-dependent way. Furthermore, this effect was not restricted to uremic indolic toxins since the dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) do the same. In CKD mice, NPTX1 expression was increased in the aorta. Therefore, NPTX1 is a new target of AhR and further work is necessary to elucidate its exact role during CKD.
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10
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Identification of triazolopyridine derivatives as a new class of AhR agonists and evaluation of anti-psoriasis effect in a mouse model. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Wang Z, Chen WD, Wang YD. Nuclear receptors: a bridge linking the gut microbiome and the host. Mol Med 2021; 27:144. [PMID: 34740314 PMCID: PMC8570027 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is the totality of microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi within the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes through regulating varieties of metabolic factors such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and amino acids. Nuclear receptors, as metabolic mediators, act as a series of intermediates between the microbiome and the host and help the microbiome regulate diverse processes in the host. Recently, nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and vitamin D receptor have been identified as key regulators of the microbiome-host crosstalk. These nuclear receptors regulate metabolic processes, immune activity, autophagy, non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Conclusion In this review, we have summarized the functions of the nuclear receptors in the gut microbiome-host axis in different physiological and pathological conditions, indicating that the nuclear receptors may be the good targets for treatment of different diseases through the crosstalk with the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, The People' Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Application of benvitimod on psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic review of benvitimod on psoriasis. Therapie 2021; 77:339-347. [PMID: 34689959 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted this systematic review to clarify the efficacy and safety of benvitimod on psoriasis. METHODS We searched the databases of PubMed, China National Knowledge infrastructure, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of science to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of benvitimod on psoriasis up to April 2021. RESULTS Five RCTs of benvitimod on psoriasis were included. A total of 1237 patients were included. 0.5% or 1.0% benvitimod was applied topically once or twice a day. More patients in benvitimod group achieved PASI 90, PASI 75, PASI 50 and BSA reduction than placebo at Week 12. More patients in benvitimod group achieved PGA 0 or 1 than placebo since Week 6. There were no statistical significances in efficacies of benvitimod at different concentrations and frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Benvitimod was effective and safe for psoriasis. More RCTs with high qualities are needed to further verify the current conclusion.
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13
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Wilson RH, Carney PR, Glover E, Parrott JC, Rojas BL, Moran SM, Yee JS, Nukaya M, Goetz NA, Rubinstein CD, Krentz KJ, Xing Y, Bradfield CA. Generation of an Allelic Series at the Ahr Locus Using an Edited Recombinant Approach. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:239-251. [PMID: 33480436 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and a member of the PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) superfamily of environmental sensors. The AHR is involved in a series of biological processes including adaptive metabolism of xenobiotics, toxicity of certain environmental pollutants, vascular development, fertility, and immune function. Mouse models, including the Ahr null and Ahr conditional null (Ahrfx) mice, are widely used for the study of AHR-mediated biology and toxicity. The Ahr conditional null mouse harbors the low-affinity Ahrd allele that exhibits approximately a 10-fold lower binding affinity for certain xenobiotic AHR ligands than the widely used C57BL/6 mouse that harbors the higher affinity Ahrb1 allele. Here, we report a novel mouse model that introduces a V375A polymorphism that converts the low-affinity allele into a high-affinity allele, offering a more sensitive conditional model. In the generation of this novel conditional allele, two additional mutants arose, including a 3-bp deletion in the PAS-B domain (AhrNG367R) and an early termination codon in the PAS-B domain (AhrTer383). The AhrNG367R allele presents as a phenocopy of the null and the AhrTer383 allele presents as an antimorph when assessing for the ductus venosus and liver lobe weight endpoints. These new models represent a series of tools that will be useful in further characterizing AHR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Wilson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Patrick R Carney
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Edward Glover
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jessica C Parrott
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Brenda L Rojas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Susan M Moran
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jeremiah S Yee
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas A Goetz
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Clifford D Rubinstein
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kathy J Krentz
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yongna Xing
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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14
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Silvano A, Seravalli V, Strambi N, Cecchi M, Tartarotti E, Parenti A, Di Tommaso M. Tryptophan metabolism and immune regulation in the human placenta. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103361. [PMID: 34365162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta represents the maternal-fetal vascular interface. It is capable of supplying the bioenergetic needs of the developing conceptus. It is composed of different cell types that engage in highly varied functions, ranging from attachment, invasion and vascular remodeling to cell fusion, hormone production, and nutrient transport. A deep knowledge of the immunological mechanisms responsible for maintaining an active tolerance towards an allogeneic fetus and the anti-inflammatory properties of the placenta can be useful to clarify the pathogenesis of adverse events in pregnancy. While the systemic mechanisms of this immunological regulation in pregnancy have been well studied, the metabolic processes involved in the placental immune response are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important information concerning the immune regulation in pregnancy, focusing on the role of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism performed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Seravalli
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Strambi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tartarotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
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15
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Mishra R, Nawas AF, Mendelson CR. Role of NRF2 in immune modulator expression in developing lung. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21758. [PMID: 34245611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100129rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After birth, the alveolar epithelium is exposed to environmental pathogens and high O2 tensions. The alveolar type II cells may protect this epithelium through surfactant production. Surfactant protein, SP-A, an immune modulator, is developmentally upregulated in fetal lung with surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Herein, we observed that the redox-regulated transcription factor, NRF2, and co-regulated C/EBPβ and PPARγ, were markedly induced during cAMP-mediated differentiation of cultured human fetal lung (HFL) epithelial cells. This occurred with enhanced expression of immune modulators, SP-A, TDO2, AhR, and NQO1. Like SP-A, cAMP induction of NRF2 was prevented when cells were exposed to hypoxia. NRF2 knockdown inhibited induction of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and immune modulators. Binding of endogenous NRF2 to promoters of SP-A and other immune modulator genes increased during HFL cell differentiation. In mouse fetal lung (MFL), a developmental increase in Nrf2, SP-A, Tdo2, Ahr, and Nqo1 and decrease in Keap1 occurred from 14.5 to 18.5 dpc. Developmental induction of Nrf2 in MFL was associated with increased nuclear localization of NF-κB p65, a decline in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, increase in the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1, induction of the histone acetylase, CBP, and decline in the histone deacetylase, HDAC4. Thus, together with surfactant production, type II cells protect the alveolar epithelium through increased expression of NRF2 and immune modulators to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. Our findings further suggest that lung cancer cells have usurped this developmental pathway to promote immune tolerance and enhance survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Afshan Fathima Nawas
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Med Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Association between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Diarrhea in Adults. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not only natural but also anthropogenic contaminants that exist in many places in the environment. Human beings often accidentally ingest PAHs via smoking. Furthermore, smoking may increase the risk of bowel disorder, including diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, PAH exposure is hypothesized to be related to diarrhea risk. This study discusses the association between diarrhea and PAH exposure in the United States adult population. Method: 10,537 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2006) were involved in this cross-sectional analysis. Bowel disorders were assessed via examination of stool frequency and stool type. The concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites were used to evaluate PAH exposure. The association between bowel habits and PAH exposure was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model with covariate assessment of gender, age, race, liver function, kidney function, and common chronic health diseases. Results: All PAH metabolites except 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxypyrene, and 9-hydroxyfluorene were substantially correlated with an increased risk of diarrhea (p < 0.05) after modification of relevant covariables. This study also revealed significant association in the group of females (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all PAH metabolites except 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, and 9-hydroxyfluorene show significantly positive association in the non-obesity group (BMI < 30, p < 0.05). Conclusions: PAH exposure is highly associated with risk of bowel disorders among the adult population in the United States, especially in female and non-obesity populations. More research is necessary to shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms associated to PAH exposure and diarrhea.
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17
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Uberoi A, Bartow-McKenney C, Zheng Q, Flowers L, Campbell A, Knight SAB, Chan N, Wei M, Lovins V, Bugayev J, Horwinski J, Bradley C, Meyer J, Crumrine D, Sutter CH, Elias P, Mauldin E, Sutter TR, Grice EA. Commensal microbiota regulates skin barrier function and repair via signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1235-1248.e8. [PMID: 34214492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while also sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes needed for the formation and maintenance of this epidermal barrier occur in the context of the skin microbiome. Using germ-free mice, we demonstrate the microbiota is necessary for proper differentiation and repair of the epidermal barrier. These effects are mediated by microbiota signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in keratinocytes, a xenobiotic receptor also implicated in epidermal differentiation. Mice lacking keratinocyte AHR are more susceptible to barrier damage and infection, during steady-state and epicutaneous sensitization. Colonization with a defined consortium of human skin isolates restored barrier competence in an AHR-dependent manner. We reveal a fundamental mechanism whereby the microbiota regulates skin barrier formation and repair, which has far-reaching implications for the numerous skin disorders characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Uberoi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Casey Bartow-McKenney
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Laurice Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Amy Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Simon A B Knight
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Neal Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Monica Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Lovins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Julia Bugayev
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Charles Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jason Meyer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Debra Crumrine
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Elias
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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18
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Kiluk M, Lewkowicz J, Pawlak D, Tankiewicz-Kwedlo A. Crosstalk between Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Context of Cardio-Metabolic Risk-Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112484. [PMID: 34199713 PMCID: PMC8199979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific interest in tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP) has increased in the last decades. Describing its metabolites helped to increase their roles in many diseases and disturbances, many of a pro-inflammatory nature. It has become increasingly evident that KP can be considered an important part of emerging mediators of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS), mostly stemming from chronic systemic low-grade inflammation resulting in the aggravation of cardiovascular complications. An electronic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to March 2021 was performed for papers reporting the effects of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), xanthurenic acid (XA), anthranilic acid (AA), and quinolinic acid (QA), focusing on their roles in carbohydrate metabolism and the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discussed the progress in tryptophan metabolism via KP research, focusing particular attention on the roles in carbohydrate metabolism and its complications in the cardiovascular system. We examined the association between KP and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D), diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We concluded that tryptophan metabolism via KP serves as a potential diagnostic tool in assessing cardiometabolic risk for patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kiluk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Janina Lewkowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Tankiewicz-Kwedlo
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-01
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19
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Schenk A, Joisten N, Walzik D, Koliamitra C, Schoser D, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Acute exercise impacts AhR and PD-1 levels of CD8 + T-cells-Exploratory results from a randomized cross-over trial comparing endurance versus resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:637-644. [PMID: 33211154 PMCID: PMC7862188 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has become a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. PD-1 expression of CD8+ T-cells may be increased via the exploitation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling with kynurenine (KYN) as a ligand. Since exercise affects KYN metabolism, we exploratory investigated the influence of acute exercise bouts on AhR and PD-1 levels of CD8+ T-cells. METHOD In this study, 24 healthy males (age: 24.6 ± 3.9 years; weight 83.9 ± 10.5 kg; height: 182.4 ± 6.2 cm) completed a single bout of endurance (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) in a randomly assigned order on separate days. Blood samples were drawn before (t0), after (t1), and 1 h after (t2) both conditions. T-cell populations, the level of cytoplasmic AhR, and surface PD-1 were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS T-cell populations changed over time, indicated by an increase in the absolute numbers of CD3+ lymphocytes after EE (p < .001) and RE (p = .036) and in PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells after EE (p = .021). Proportions of T-cell populations changed only after EE (t0-t2: p = .029; t1-t2: p = .006). The level of cytoplasmic AhR decreased immediately after exercise in both exercise conditions (EE: p = .009; RE: p = .036). The level of surface PD-1 decreased 1 h after EE (p = .005). CONCLUSION We analyzed the level of surface PD-1 and cytoplasmic AhR following acute physical exercise for the first time. Especially EE was observed to impact both AhR and PD-1 levels, undermining its role as the AhR-PD-1 axis modulator. These results provide new insights into the impact of exercise on AhR-signaling, which could potentially be relevant for various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schenk
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Walzik
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Koliamitra
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Schoser
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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20
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Mai Y, Peng S, Li H, Gao Y, Lai Z. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway activation: A potential mechanism underlying negative effects of benzo(α)pyrene on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108935. [PMID: 33161151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) is one of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments and has been shown to cause toxic effects to aquatic animals. Although the negative effects of BaP have been investigated, the potential toxic mechanisms remain uncharacterized. To explore the potential mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of BaP, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to BaP for 15 days and the toxic effects of BaP in zebrafish liver were investigated using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. After 15-day BaP exposure, zebrafish liver exhibited abnormalities including increased cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration, swelled nuclei and irregular pigmentation. BaP exposure also induced oxidative stress to the liver of zebrafish. Transcriptomic profiles revealed 5129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 15-days of BaP exposure, and the vast majority of DEGs were up-regulated under BaP treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggest that genes related to immune response were significantly dysregulated. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched and most of the genes in this pathway exhibited enhanced expression after BaP exposure. These results partially explained the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of BaP on zebrafish liver. In conclusion, BaP has the potential to induce physiological responses in zebrafish liver through altering associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Mai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyao Peng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Zini Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Leclerc D, Staats Pires AC, Guillemin GJ, Gilot D. Detrimental activation of AhR pathway in cancer: an overview of therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:15-26. [PMID: 33429228 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sustained transcriptional activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) promotes tumour growth and impairs the immune defence, at least for cutaneous melanoma and glioma. AhR ligands are produced by the tumour microenvironment (TME) and by the tumour itself (intracrine). The recent identification of interleukin-4-induced-1 (IL4I1), a parallel pathway to indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/ tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), and its ability to generate AhR ligands, confirms that a complete inhibition of AhR ligand production might be difficult to reach. Here, we have focused on recent discoveries explaining the large varieties of AhR ligands and the functional consequences in terms of cancer cell plasticity and consecutive therapy resistance. We also examined therapeutic strategies targeting the AhR signalling pathway and their possible adverse effects. Since the end of 2019, two phase I clinical trials have investigated the ability of the AhR antagonist to 'reset' the immune system and re-sensitize the cancer cells to therapies by preventing their dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Leclerc
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, France, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Ananda Christina Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gilot
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, France, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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22
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Aftabi Y, Rafei S, Zarredar H, Amiri-Sadeghan A, Akbari-Shahpar M, Khoshkam Z, Seyedrezazadeh E, Khalili M, Mehrnejad F, Fereidouni S, Lawrence BP. Refinement of coding SNPs in the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene using ISNPranker: An integrative-SNP ranking web-tool. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107416. [PMID: 33264727 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different bioinformatic methods apply various approaches to predict how much the effect of a SNP could be deleterious and therefore their results may differ significantly. However, variation studies often need to consider an integrated prediction result to analyze the effect of SNPs. To address this problem, we used an algorithm to map ordinal predictions to a numeral space and averaging them, and based on it we developed the ISNPranker web-tool (http://isnpranker.semilab.ir/). It takes heterogonous outputs of different predictors and generates integrated numerical predictions and ranks SNPs based on them. Afterward, we used ISNPranker to identify the most deleterious coding SNPs (cSNPs) of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene. AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that governs many molecular and cellular mechanisms and cSNPs may affect its structure, interactions, and function. Forty validated cSNPs of AHR were initially analyzed using 16 publicly available SNP analyzers and the results were introduced to the ISNPranker and integrated predictions were obtained. The cSNPs were ranked in 34 levels of danger and rs200257782 in the ARNT dimerization domain (ADD121-289) of AHR was identified as the most deleterious cSNP. The rs148360742, which affect ADD40-79 and Hsp90 binding domain (HBD27-79) was in the second rank and the third and fourth ranks were occupied by ADD121-289-located variations rs571123681 and rs141667112 respectively. In conclusion, we introduced ISNPranker, which is a web-tool for integrative ranking of SNPs, and we showed that AHR structure and function may be highly sensitive to the cSNPs in the ARNT dimerization domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saleh Rafei
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Sadeghan
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akbari-Shahpar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoshkam
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Khalili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714161, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Fereidouni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Yamaguchi M, Hankinson O. An aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist suppresses the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro: Potent effect with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:248-263. [PMID: 32985761 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are a pivotal component of the hematopoietic microenvironment linked to the modulation of the immune response, inflammation and carcinogenesis. HUVEC expresses the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates gene expression by binding to the xenobiotic-responsive element. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent agonist for AHR signalling. Treatment with TCDD (0.1-100 nmol/L) was found to suppress the proliferation and to stimulate the death of HUVEC. TCDD's effects were abolished by culturing with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR signalling. Mechanistically, TCDD treatment increased the protein levels of cell growth suppressors, including p53, Rb, p21 and regucalcin, and caspase-3 implicated in apoptotic cell death, and decreased the levels of Stat3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/Erk1/2) and phospho-MAPK/Erk1/2. Treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, suppressed the proliferation and stimulated the death of HUVEC in vitro, and decreased the levels of Stat3, MAPK/Erk1/2 and phospho-MAPK/Erk1/2 and increased caspase-3. Notably, the effects of TCDD in suppressing proliferation and stimulating death of HUVEC were modulated by coculturing with PUFAs. These effects were reversed by treatment with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR. Treatment with both TCDD and PUFAs collaboratively enhanced the levels of AHR, CYP1A1, p53, p21, Rb and regucalcin. Moreover, TCDD suppressed migration with wound healing of HUVEC. Notably, the combination of TCDD and PUFAs revealed potent suppressive effects on angiogenesis of HUVEC, potentially related to disorders of the stromal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Toxicology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Williams AE, Watt J, Robertson LW, Gadupudi G, Osborn ML, Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Pedersen KB, Shankar K, Littleton S, Maimone C, Eti NA, Suva LJ, Ronis MJJ. Skeletal Toxicity of Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 126 in the Rat Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent. Toxicol Sci 2020; 175:113-125. [PMID: 32119087 PMCID: PMC7197949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to skeletal toxicity, however mechanisms whereby PCBs affect bone are poorly studied. In this study, coplanar PCB 126 (5 μmol/kg) or corn oil vehicle was administered to N = 5 and 6 male and female, wild type (WT) or AhR -/- rats via intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Bone length was measured; bone morphology was assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. Reduced bone length was the only genotype-specific effect and only observed in males (p < .05). WT rats exposed to PCB 126 had reduced serum calcium, and smaller bones with reduced tibial length, cortical area, and medullary area relative to vehicle controls (p < .05). Reduced bone formation rate observed in dynamic histomorphometry was consistent with inhibition of endosteal and periosteal bone growth. The effects of PCB 126 were abolished in AhR -/- rats. Gene expression in bone marrow and shaft were assessed by RNA sequencing. Approximately 75% of the PCB-regulated genes appeared AhR dependent with 89 genes significantly (p < .05) regulated by both PCB 126 and knockout of the AhR gene. Novel targets significantly induced by PCB 126 included Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf/Ccn2), which regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the bone growth plate and cell-matrix interactions. These data suggest the toxic effects of PCB 126 on bone are mediated by AhR, which has direct effects on the growth plate and indirect actions related to endocrine disruption. These studies clarify important mechanisms underlying skeletal toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gopi Gadupudi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michele L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Nazmin A Eti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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25
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215424. [PMID: 31683543 PMCID: PMC6862295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/AHR-nuclear translocator (ARNT) system is a sensitive sensor for small molecular, xenobiotic chemicals of exogenous and endogenous origin, including dioxins, phytochemicals, microbial bioproducts, and tryptophan photoproducts. AHR/ARNT are abundantly expressed in the skin. Once activated, the AHR/ARNT axis strengthens skin barrier functions and accelerates epidermal terminal differentiation by upregulating filaggrin expression. In addition, AHR activation induces oxidative stress. However, some AHR ligands simultaneously activate the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) transcription factor, which is a master switch of antioxidative enzymes that neutralizes oxidative stress. The immunoregulatory system governing T-helper 17/22 (Th17/22) and T regulatory cells (Treg) is also regulated by the AHR system. Notably, AHR agonists, such as tapinarof, are currently used as therapeutic agents in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize recent topics on AHR related to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Pillaiyar T, Uzair M, Ullah S, Schnakenburg G, Müller CE. Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction of 2‐(1
H
‐Indol‐3‐yl)acetic Acids with Indole, Azaindole, Benzimidazole and Indazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Saif Ullah
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
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Sun M, Ma N, He T, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1760-1768. [PMID: 30924357 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1598334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis is an orchestrated dynamic equilibrium state composed of the coexistence and interactions among the nutrients, microbial flora, and immune system. The intestinal balance disorder can trigger a series of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, such as kynurenine and indole, generated under a series of endogenous enzymes or microbial metabolism, have been reported enable to bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), this series of process is termed the Trp-AhR pathway. The activated Trp-AhR pathway can induce the expression of downstream cytokines such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), thereby regulating the intestinal homeostasis. This review highlights the advance of Trp-AhR pathway in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and provides some insights for the clinical strategies that expect to effectively prevent and treat gut diseases via intervening the Trp-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meige Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Hankinson O. 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin suppresses the growth of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro: Implication of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1422-1432. [PMID: 30720065 PMCID: PMC6411353 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer disease with a 5‑year survival rate of 55% in USA in 2016. The investigation to identify novel biomarker factors with molecular classification may provide notable clinical information to prolong the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds the AHR nuclear translocator in the cytoplasm of various types of cells, including liver cells, and then binds to the xenobiotic responsive element on various genes. AHR was initially discovered via its ligand, the polychlorinated hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin (TCDD). The present study was undertaken to determine whether TCDD, an agonist of AHR signaling, impacts the growth of RKO human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Treatment with TCDD (0.1‑100 nM) revealed suppressive effects on colony formation and proliferation of RKO cells, and stimulated death of these cells with subconfluence. These effects of TCDD were abolished by pretreatment with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR signaling. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TCDD treatment decreased AHR levels and elevated cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) levels, indicating a stimulation of AHR signaling. TCDD treatment caused an increase in nuclear factor‑κB p65 and β‑catenin levels, although it did not have an effect on Ras levels. Notably, TCDD treatment increased the levels of p53, retinoblastoma, p21 and regucalcin, which are depressors of carcinogenesis. Additionally, action of TCDD on cell proliferation and death were not revealed in regucalcin‑overexpressing RKO cells, and regucalcin overexpression depressed AHR signaling associated with CYP1A1 expression. Thus, AHR signaling suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells, indicating a role as a significant targeting molecule for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1732, USA
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1732, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Hankinson O. 2,3,7,8‑Tetrachlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin suppresses the growth of human liver cancer HepG2 cells in vitro: Involvement of cell signaling factors. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1657-1666. [PMID: 30066859 PMCID: PMC6086623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is transcriptionally active in the form of a heterodimer with the AHR nuclear translocator, which then binds to the xenobiotic responsive element. AHR was originally discovered via its ligand, the polychlorinated hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In this study, we investigated whether TCDD regulates the growth of human liver cancer HepG2 cells in vitro. TCDD (0.1–100 nM) was found to exert suppressive effects on the colony formation and proliferation of HepG2 cells, and stimulatory effects on the death of HepG2 cells when the cells reached subconfluence. The effects of TCDD on the HepG2 cells were abolished by culture with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR signaling. The effects of TCDD were dependent on the concentration of serum, which contains various signaling factors. The effects of TCDD were not potentiated by culture with tumor necrosis factor-α, which activates the signaling of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The results of western blot analysis revealed that TCDD increased the protein levels of p53, Rb, p21, and regucalcin, which are suppressors of the growth of tumor cells. Moreover, TCDD enhanced the NF-κB p65, β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Ras and Akt levels. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that TCDD may suppress liver cancer cell growth through various signaling pathways, mediated by AHR and its-related co-factors. Of note, the effects of TCDD were found to be potentiated by gemcitabine, which induces nuclear DNA damage in cancer cells, suggesting that their combined use may have potential as a suppressor of tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1723, USA
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1723, USA
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30
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) a possible target for the treatment of skin disease. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:96-100. [PMID: 29857917 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor expressed in all skin cells type. It responds to exogenous and endogenous chemicals by inducing/repressing the expression of several genes with toxic or protective effects in a wide range of species and tissues. In healthy skin, AhR signalling contributes to keratinocytes differentiation, skin barrier function, skin pigmentation, and mediates oxidative stress. In the last years, some studies have shown that AhR seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of some skin diseases, even if the currently available data are contradictory. Indeed, while the blocking the AhR signalling activity could prevent or treat skin cancer, the AhR activation seems to be advantageous for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, for its multifaceted role in skin diseases, AhR seems to be an attractive therapeutic target. Indeed, recently some molecules have been identified for the prevention of skin cancer and the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Towards Resolving the Pro- and Anti-Tumor Effects of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051388. [PMID: 29735912 PMCID: PMC5983651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have postulated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) drives the later, more lethal stages of some cancers when chronically activated by endogenous ligands. However, other studies have suggested that, under some circumstances, the AHR can oppose tumor aggression. Resolving this apparent contradiction is critical to the design of AHR-targeted cancer therapeutics. Molecular (siRNA, shRNA, AHR repressor, CRISPR-Cas9) and pharmacological (AHR inhibitors) approaches were used to confirm the hypothesis that AHR inhibition reduces human cancer cell invasion (irregular colony growth in 3D Matrigel cultures and Boyden chambers), migration (scratch wound assay) and metastasis (human cancer cell xenografts in zebrafish). Furthermore, these assays were used for a head-to-head comparison between AHR antagonists and agonists. AHR inhibition or knockdown/knockout consistently reduced human ER−/PR−/Her2− and inflammatory breast cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. This was associated with a decrease in invasion-associated genes (e.g., Fibronectin, VCAM1, Thrombospondin, MMP1) and an increase in CDH1/E-cadherin, previously associated with decreased tumor aggression. Paradoxically, AHR agonists (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and/or 3,3′-diindolylmethane) similarly inhibited irregular colony formation in Matrigel and blocked metastasis in vivo but accelerated migration. These data demonstrate the complexity of modulating AHR activity in cancer while suggesting that AHR inhibitors, and, under some circumstances, AHR agonists, may be useful as cancer therapeutics.
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32
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Essential oils of culinary herbs and spices display agonist and antagonist activities at human aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:374-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun L, Fu J, Zhou Y. Metabolism Controls the Balance of Th17/T-Regulatory Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1632. [PMID: 29230216 PMCID: PMC5712044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolism reprogramming is critically important to T cell differentiation, and manipulating metabolic pathways in T cells can shape their fate and function. During T cell differentiation, metabolism provides T cells with energy as well as precursors for various biological processes. Some key metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, are also considered to play important roles in T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we will explain why cellular metabolism is important for the Th17/T-regulatory (Treg) cell balance and how metabolism reprogramming impacts this balance. Moreover, we will also discuss some important metabolic sensors, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, and some nuclear receptors. In addition, we will review specific small molecular compounds, which can shift the Th17/Treg cell balance and, therefore, have promising therapeutic roles. Finally, potential methods of manipulating Th17 cell metabolism for treating Th17-associated diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Sun
- Children’s Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children’s Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children’s Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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34
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Shah F, Stepan AF, O'Mahony A, Velichko S, Folias AE, Houle C, Shaffer CL, Marcek J, Whritenour J, Stanton R, Berg EL. Mechanisms of Skin Toxicity Associated with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:858-869.e5. [PMID: 28669525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous reactions represent one of the most common adverse drug effects observed in clinical trials leading to substantial compound attrition. Three negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which represent an important target for neurological diseases, developed by Pfizer, were recently failed in preclinical development due to delayed type IV skin hypersensitivity observed in non-human primates (NHPs). Here we employed large-scale phenotypic profiling in standardized panels of human primary cell/co-culture systems to characterize the skin toxicity mechanism(s) of mGluR5 NAMs from two different series. Investigation of a database of chemicals tested in these systems and transcriptional profiling suggested that the mechanism of toxicity may involve modulation of nuclear receptor targets RAR/RXR, and/or VDR with AhR antagonism. The studies reported here demonstrate how phenotypic profiling of preclinical drug candidates using human primary cells can provide insights into the mechanisms of toxicity and inform early drug discovery and development campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falgun Shah
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison O'Mahony
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sharlene Velichko
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexandra E Folias
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - John Marcek
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Robert Stanton
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen L Berg
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Abstract
Recent evidence from embryonic stem cells suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a central role in the regulation of pluripotency, a short-lived property of cells in the early blastula inner cell mass (ICM). Four key observations support this conclusion. The first is the temporal association between upregulation of AHR expression and the onset of cell differentiation, which argues for the AHR as a determinant of cell fate decisions. The second is the repression of the pluripotency factors OCT4 and NANOG by the AHR, which depresses their function and contributes to the cell's exit from pluripotency. The third is the temporal association between changes in global DNA methylation and stage-dependent AHR expression, which parallel each other during embryonic development, suggesting that AHR helps configure a repressive chromatin structure that controls differentiation. The fourth is the incidence of early developmental aberrations that take place in Ahr-null mice and cause the disruption of their embryonic program, which is likely to be a consequence of the loss of pluripotency of the Ahr-/- ICM cells. In this short review, we will focus on the modulation of pluripotency as a novel function of the AHR, and on the potentially detrimental developmental outcomes that may result from exposure to environmental toxicants. This line of enquiry brings us to the tantalizing conclusion that by activating mechanisms that modulate pluripotency, AHR regulates embryonic development. The likelihood that exposure to environmental AHR ligands might disrupt developmental processes is a reasonable corollary to this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
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