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Wang R, Kato F, Watson RY, Beedle AM, Call JA, Tsunoda Y, Noda T, Tsuchiya T, Kashima M, Hattori A, Ito T. The RNA-binding protein Msi2 regulates autophagy during myogenic differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302016. [PMID: 38373797 PMCID: PMC10876439 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is a highly ordered process orchestrated transcriptionally by the myogenic regulatory factors. However, the downstream molecular mechanisms of myogenic regulatory factor functions in myogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we identified the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2) as a myogenin target gene and a post-transcriptional regulator of myoblast differentiation. Msi2 knockdown in murine myoblasts blocked differentiation without affecting the expression of MyoD or myogenin. Msi2 overexpression was also sufficient to promote myoblast differentiation and myocyte fusion. Msi2 loss attenuated autophagosome formation via down-regulation of the autophagic protein MAPL1LC3/ATG8 (LC3) at the early phase of myoblast differentiation. Moreover, forced activation of autophagy effectively suppressed the differentiation defects incurred by Msi2 loss. Consistent with its functions in myoblasts in vitro, mice deficient for Msi2 exhibited smaller limb skeletal muscles, poorer exercise performance, and muscle fiber-type switching in vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Msi2 is a novel regulator of mammalian myogenesis and establishes a new functional link between muscular development and autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Wang
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Futaba Kato
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rio Yasui Watson
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yugo Tsunoda
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaho Tsuchiya
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, and Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayuna Hattori
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Glaß M, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1-An Oncofetal RNA-Binding Protein Fuels Tumor Virus Propagation. Viruses 2023; 15:1431. [PMID: 37515119 PMCID: PMC10385356 DOI: 10.3390/v15071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 has been reported to be a driver of tumor progression in a multitude of cancer entities. Its main function is the stabilization of target transcripts by shielding these from miRNA-mediated degradation. However, there is growing evidence that several virus species recruit IGF2BP1 to promote their propagation. In particular, tumor-promoting viruses, such as hepatitis B/C and human papillomaviruses, benefit from IGF2BP1. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that non-oncogenic viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, also take advantage of IGF2BP1. The only virus inhibited by IGF2BP1 reported to date is HIV-1. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the interactions between IGF2BP1 and different virus species. It further recapitulates several findings by presenting analyses from publicly available high-throughput datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
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3
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Broughton K, Esquer C, Echeagaray O, Firouzi F, Shain G, Ebeid D, Monsanto M, Yaareb D, Golgolab L, Gude N, Sussman MA. Surface Lin28A expression consistent with cellular stress parallels indicators of senescence. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:743-758. [PMID: 35880724 PMCID: PMC10409908 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Declining cellular functional capacity resulting from stress or ageing is a primary contributor to impairment of myocardial performance. Molecular pathway regulation of biological processes in cardiac interstitial cells (CICs) is pivotal in stress and ageing responses. Altered localization of the RNA-binding protein Lin28A has been reported in response to environmental stress, but the role of Lin28A in response to stress in CICs has not been explored. Surface Lin28A redistribution is indicative of stress response in CIC associated with ageing and senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Localization of Lin28A was assessed by multiple experimental analyses and treatment conditions and correlated to oxidative stress, senescence, and ploidy in adult murine CICs. Surface Lin28A expression is present on 5% of fresh CICs and maintained through Passage 2, increasing to 21% in hyperoxic conditions but lowered to 14% in physiologic normoxia. Surface Lin28A is coincident with elevated senescence marker p16 and beta-galactosidase (β-gal) expression in CICs expanded in hyperoxia, and also increases with polyploidization and binucleation of CICs regardless of oxygen culture. Transcriptional profiling of CICs using single-cell RNA-Seq reveals up-regulation of pathways associated with oxidative stress in CICs exhibiting surface Lin28A. Induction of surface Lin28A by oxidative stress is blunted by treatment of cells with the antioxidant Trolox in a dose-dependent manner, with 300 μM Trolox exposure maintaining characteristics of freshly isolated CICs possessing low expression of surface Lin28A and β-gal with predominantly diploid content. CONCLUSION Surface Lin28A is a marker of environmental oxidative stress in CICs and antioxidant treatment antagonizes this phenotype. The biological significance of Lin28 surface expression and consequences for myocardial responses may provide important insights regarding mitigation of cardiac stress and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Esquer
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Grant Shain
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - David Ebeid
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan Monsanto
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Dena Yaareb
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Leila Golgolab
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie Gude
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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4
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Bertoldo JB, Müller S, Hüttelmaier S. RNA-binding proteins in cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103580. [PMID: 37031812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial players in tumorigenesis and, hence, promising targets in cancer drug discovery. However, they are largely regarded as 'undruggable', because of the often noncatalytic and complex interactions between protein and RNA, which limit the discovery of specific inhibitors. Nonetheless, over the past 10 years, drug discovery efforts have uncovered RBP inhibitors with clinical relevance, highlighting the disruption of RNA-protein networks as a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the role of structurally distinct RBPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of RBP-directed small-molecule inhibitors (SMOIs) focusing on drug-protein interactions, binding surfaces, potency, and translational potential. Additionally, we underline the limitations of RBP-targeting drug discovery assays and comment on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Bertoldo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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5
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Jamal A, Hassan Dalhat M, Jahan S, Choudhry H, Imran Khan M. BTYNB, an inhibitor of RNA binding protein IGF2BP1 reduces proliferation and induces differentiation of leukemic cancer cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103569. [PMID: 36816728 PMCID: PMC9932463 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of diseases characterized by altered growth and differentiation of lymphoid or myeloid progenitors of blood. The existence of specific clusters of cells with stemness-like characteristics like differentiation, self-renewal, detoxification, and resistance to apoptosis in Leukemia makes them difficult to treat. It was recently reported that an oncofetal RNA binding protein, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), maintains leukemic stem cell properties. BTYNB is an inhibitor of IGF2BP1 that was shown to affect the biological functions of IGF2BP1 however, the effect of BTYNB in Leukemia is not properly established. In this study, we assessed the effect of BTYNB on leukemic cell differentiation and proliferation. We performed cell viability assay to assess the effect of BTYNB in leukemic cells. We then assessed cell morphology of the leukemic cells treated with BTYNB. Further, we conducted an apoptosis assay and cell cycle assay. We found the cell viability of leukemic cells was significantly decreased post treatment with BTYNBs. Further, a noticeable morphological change was observed in BTYNB treated leukemic cells. BTYNB treated leukemic cells showed increased cell death and cell cycle arrest at S-phase. Evidence from the upregulation of BAK and p21 further confirmed apoptosis and cycle arrest. The gene expression of differentiation genes such as CD11B, ZFPM1, and KLF5 were significantly upregulated in BTYNB treated leukemic cells, therefore, confirming cell differentiation. Collectively, our study showed inhibition of IGF2BP1 function using BTYNB promotes differentiation in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Zhao X, Li X, Li X. Multiple roles of m6A methylation in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8895-8906. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Yang X, Han B, He Z, Zhang Y, Lin K, Su H, Hosseini DK, Sun H, Yang M, Chen X. RNA-Binding Proteins CLK1 and POP7 as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715027. [PMID: 34568328 PMCID: PMC8458940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormality of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and has been an area of interest for research recently. In this study, 162 tumors and 11 normal samples are obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, among which 218 differentially expressed RBPs are screened. Finally, a prognostic model including seven RBPs (CLK1, DDX39A, EEF2, ELAC1, NKRF, POP7, and SMN1) is established. Further analysis reveals that the overall survival (OS) rate of the high-risk group is lower than that of the low-risk group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the training group and testing group is significant (AUCs of 3 years are 0.815 and 0.694, respectively, AUCs of 5 years are 0.737 and 0.725, respectively). In addition, a comprehensive analysis of seven identified RBPs shows that most RBPs are related to OS in patients with ESCC, among which EEF2 and ELCA1 are differentially expressed at the protein level of ESCC and control tissues. CLK1 and POP7 expressions in esophageal cancer tumor samples are undertaken using the tissue microarray, and show that CLK1 mRNA levels are relatively lower, and POP7 mRNA levels are higher compared with non-cancerous esophageal tissues. Survival analysis reveals that a higher expression of CLK1 predicts a significant worse prognosis, and a lower expression of POP7 predicts a worse prognosis in esophageal cancer. These results suggest that CLK1 may promote tumor progression, and POP7 may hinder the development of esophageal cancer. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis reveals that abnormal biological processes related to ribosomes and abnormalities in classic tumor signaling pathways such as TGF-β are important driving forces for the occurrence and development of ESCC. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of ESCC, and seven RBPs have potential application value in the clinical prognosis prediction of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoai Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongguo Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Davood K Hosseini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minlan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Glaß M, Misiak D, Bley N, Müller S, Hagemann S, Busch B, Rausch A, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1, a Conserved Regulator of RNA Turnover in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:632219. [PMID: 33829040 PMCID: PMC8019740 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.632219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) promotes tumor progression in a variety of solid tumors and its expression is associated with adverse prognosis. The main role proposed for IGF2BP1 in cancer cells is the stabilization of mRNAs encoding pro-oncogenic factors. Several IGF2BP1-RNA association studies, however, revealed a plethora of putative IGF2BP1-RNA targets. Thus, at present the main conserved target RNAs and pathways controlled by IGF2BP1 in cancer remain elusive. In this study, we present a set of genes and cancer hallmark pathways showing a conserved pattern of deregulation in dependence of IGF2BP1 expression in cancer cell lines. By the integrative analysis of these findings with publicly available cancer transcriptome and IGF2BP1-RNA association data, we compiled a set of prime candidate target mRNAs. These analyses confirm a pivotal role of IGF2BP1 in controlling cancer cell cycle progression and reveal novel cancer hallmark pathways influenced by IGF2BP1. For three novel target mRNAs identified by these studies, namely AURKA, HDLBP and YWHAZ, we confirm IGF2BP1 mRNA stabilization. In sum our findings confirm and expand previous findings on the pivotal role of IGF2BP1 in promoting oncogenic gene expression by stabilizing target mRNAs in a mainly 3'UTR, m6A-, miRNA-, and potentially AU-rich element dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Hagemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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9
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Xie W, Zhu H, Zhao M, Wang L, Li S, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Jiang X, Liu W, Ren C. Crucial roles of different RNA-binding hnRNP proteins in Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:807-817. [PMID: 33767590 PMCID: PMC7975692 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.55120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells are regulated by various genetic and epigenetic factors. As a kind of RNA binding protein (RBP), the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) can act as "RNA scaffold" and recruit mRNA, lncRNA, microRNA and circRNA to affect mRNA splicing and processing, regulate gene transcription and post-transcriptional translation, change genome structure, and ultimately play crucial roles in the biological processes of cells. Recent researches have demonstrated that hnRNPs are irreplaceable for self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. hnRNPs function in stem cells by multiple mechanisms, which include regulating mRNA stability, inducing alternative splicing of mRNA, epigenetically regulate gene expression, and maintaining telomerase activity and telomere length. The functions and the underlying mechanisms of hnRNPs in stem cells deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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10
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MSI1 Promotes the Expression of the GBM Stem Cell Marker CD44 by Impairing miRNA-Dependent Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123654. [PMID: 33291443 PMCID: PMC7762192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor with a median survival rate of approximately 14 months. GBM patients commonly suffer from tumor recurrence, indicating that populations of chemo/radio-resistant stem cell-like tumor cells survive treatments. Here we reveal that the neuronal stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed in primary GBM and recurrences. We identify a novel regulatory role of MSI1 in GBM-derived cell lines and patient-derived tumorspheres, the enhancement of stemness marker expression, here demonstrated for CD44. Furthermore, we provide a rationale for MSI1-centered therapeutic targeting strategies to improve treatment options of this chemo/radio-resistant malignancy. Abstract The stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed during neurogenesis and in glioblastoma (GBM). MSI1 promotes self-renewal and impairs differentiation in cancer and non-malignant progenitor cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of its role in promoting GBM-driving networks remains to be deciphered. We demonstrate that MSI1 is highly expressed in GBM recurrences, an oncologist’s major defiance. For the first time, we provide evidence that MSI1 promotes the expression of stem cell markers like CD44, co-expressed with MSI1 within recurrence-promoting cells at the migrating front of primary GBM samples. With GBM cell models of pediatric and adult origin, including isolated primary tumorspheres, we show that MSI1 promotes stem cell-like characteristics. Importantly, it impairs CD44 downregulation in a 3′UTR- and miRNA-dependent manner by controlling mRNA turnover. This regulation is disturbed by the previously reported MSI1 inhibitor luteolin, providing further evidence for a therapeutic target potential of MSI1 in GBM treatment.
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11
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Müller S, Bley N, Busch B, Glaß M, Lederer M, Misiak C, Fuchs T, Wedler A, Haase J, Bertoldo JB, Michl P, Hüttelmaier S. The oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 is a druggable, post-transcriptional super-enhancer of E2F-driven gene expression in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8576-8590. [PMID: 32761127 PMCID: PMC7470957 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is a non-catalytic post-transcriptional enhancer of tumor growth upregulated and associated with adverse prognosis in solid cancers. However, conserved effector pathway(s) and the feasibility of targeting IGF2BP1 in cancer remained elusive. We reveal that IGF2BP1 is a post-transcriptional enhancer of the E2F-driven hallmark in solid cancers. IGF2BP1 promotes G1/S cell cycle transition by stabilizing mRNAs encoding positive regulators of this checkpoint like E2F1. This IGF2BP1-driven shortening of the G1 cell cycle phase relies on 3′UTR-, miRNA- and m6A-dependent regulation and suggests enhancement of cell cycle progression by m6A-modifications across cancers. In addition to E2F transcription factors, IGF2BP1 also stabilizes E2F-driven transcripts directly indicating post-transcriptional ‘super’-enhancer role of the protein in E2F-driven gene expression in cancer. The small molecule BTYNB disrupts this enhancer function by impairing IGF2BP1-RNA association. Consistently, BTYNB interferes with E2F-driven gene expression and tumor growth in experimental mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alice Wedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jean Borges Bertoldo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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12
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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13
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Ori APS, Bot MHM, Molenhuis RT, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA. A Longitudinal Model of Human Neuronal Differentiation for Functional Investigation of Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:544-553. [PMID: 30340753 PMCID: PMC6401362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common psychiatric disorders are characterized by complex disease architectures with many small genetic effects that contribute and complicate biological understanding of their etiology. There is therefore a pressing need for in vitro experimental systems that allow for interrogation of polygenic psychiatric disease risk to study the underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS We have developed an analytical framework that integrates genome-wide disease risk from genome-wide association studies with longitudinal in vitro gene expression profiles of human neuronal differentiation. RESULTS We demonstrate that the cumulative impact of risk loci of specific psychiatric disorders is significantly associated with genes that are differentially expressed and upregulated during differentiation. We find the strongest evidence for schizophrenia, a finding that we replicate in an independent dataset. A longitudinal gene cluster involved in synaptic function primarily drives the association with schizophrenia risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that in vitro human neuronal differentiation can be used to translate the polygenic architecture of schizophrenia to biologically relevant pathways that can be modeled in an experimental system. Overall, this work emphasizes the use of longitudinal in vitro transcriptomic signatures as a cellular readout and the application to the genetics of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P S Ori
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Merel H M Bot
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Remco T Molenhuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Loss of Polycomb Group Protein Pcgf1 Severely Compromises Proper Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46276. [PMID: 28393894 PMCID: PMC5385539 DOI: 10.1038/srep46276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is essential for fate decisions of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Emerging evidence suggests that six major variants of PRC1 complex, defined by the mutually exclusive presence of Pcgf subunit, regulate distinct biological processes, yet very little is known about the mechanism by which each version of PRC1 instructs and maintains cell fate. Here, we disrupted the Pcgf1, also known as Nspc1 and one of six Pcgf paralogs, in mouse ES cells by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We showed that although these mutant cells were viable and retained normal self-renewal, they displayed severe defects in differentiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the role of Pcgf1 in transcriptional control of differentiation, we analysed mRNA profiles from Pcgf1 deficient cells using RNA-seq. Interestingly, we found that Pcgf1 positively regulated expression of essential transcription factors involved in ectoderm and mesoderm differentiation, revealing an unexpected function of Pcgf1 in gene activation during ES cell lineage specification. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Pcgf1 deletion caused a decrease in Ring1B and its associated H2AK119ub1 mark binding to target genes. Altogether, our results suggested an unexpected function of Pcgf1 in gene activation during ES cell maintenance.
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15
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RNA binding protein MSI2 positively regulates FLT3 expression in myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 54:47-54. [PMID: 28107692 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 is frequently mutated and overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and other hematologic malignancies. Although signaling events downstream of FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase have been studied in depth, molecular mechanisms of how FLT3 expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level in particular remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the roles of an RNA binding protein MSI2 as a regulator of FLT3 expression. MSI2 and FLT3 are significantly co-regulated in human AML and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (BC-CML). Genetic loss of MSI2 leads to down-regulation of the FLT3 receptor in both AML and BC-CML cells and concomitant impairment of clonogenic growth potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MSI2 protein is physically bound to FLT3 mRNA transcripts, suggesting post-transcriptional control of FLT3 expression. Collectively, these results reveal a novel mode of FLT3 regulation essential for leukemia growth, which may aid in designing a targeted therapy to treat human myeloid leukemia.
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