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Fadel C, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Serih F, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Exploring montelukast in dogs: A preliminary pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions. Vet J 2024; 307:106210. [PMID: 39111538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of montelukast (MTK), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist increasingly being considered in veterinary medicine. In dogs, MTK has found indications mainly for treating atopic dermatitis as an off-label use. Six male Labrador dogs underwent a single oral administration of MTK (40 mg/dog) in both fasted and fed conditions according to an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was withdrawn to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 hr. MTK plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analysed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach. Concentrations remained quantifiable at 24 hr after administration, under both conditions. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters between the fasted and fed states. MTK was relatively eliminated slowly, with t1/2 values of 8.10 and 7.68 hr after fasted and fed states, respectively. The attainment of maximum concentration (Cmax) occurred at a Tmax of 4 hr, with mean values of 1.98 μg/mL and 2.80 μg/mL under fasted and fed conditions, respectively. Given the unknown therapeutic range of MTK in dogs and the absence of controlled studies proving its efficacy in this species, further dosing adjustments and refinements should be considered based on both the current PK data and the need to establish an effective therapeutic range, if present. Future research should focus on efficacy studies, multiple-dose investigations, and pharmacodynamic assessments to evaluate the suitability of MTK use in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Firas Serih
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Ozdemir Kutahya Z, Gokbulut C, Aslan Akyol B, Yavuz O, Sen F, Piner Benli P. The effects of breed and routes of administration on the plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion of robenacoxib in goats. Vet J 2024; 307:106200. [PMID: 39095012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Robenacoxib (RX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma dispositions and faecal excretion profiles of RX in Alpine and Saanen goats following oral and subcutaneous routes. Two different goat breeds were allocated into two treatment groups concerning the breed. RX was administered subcutaneously to animals at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. Following a one-week washout period, RX was administered by oral route to the same animals at the same dose. Heparinized blood samples were collected from all animals before drug administration (0 h) and subsequently up to 24 h. Faecal samples were collected at various times between 8 h and 36 h. The concentrations of RX in plasma and faeces were determined by HPLC. The plasma half-life (T1/2λz) of RX in Saanen goats (1.21 h) was significantly longer (P < 0.017) than in Alpine goats (0.90 h) after subcutaneous administration. In both goat breeds, statistical differences were observed between subcutaneous and oral administration of RX for T1/2λz, Tlast, Cmax, AUC0-∞, and MRT0-∞. Faecal Cmax and Tmax parameters following oral administrations were 0.92 µg/g and 0.85 µg/g at 30 h and at 24 h in Alpine and Saanen goats, respectively. The difference in plasma protein ratio between Alpine and Saanen goats may have affected the T1/2λz of the drug. NSAIDs are among the drug groups frequently detected in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems around the world and there are data on the effects of NSAID residues on wildlife and aquatic species. Therefore, revealing the excretion of NSAIDs, which are frequently used in the veterinary field, in faeces and urine should be considered for ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ozdemir Kutahya
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Adana, Türkiye.
| | - Cengiz Gokbulut
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Balikesir, Türkiye; Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Busra Aslan Akyol
- Balikesir University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CoHE 100/2000 Scholarship Holder, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Oguzhan Yavuz
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Fazilet Sen
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Petek Piner Benli
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Adana, Türkiye
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Bozec J, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Jouneau L, Prézelin A, Dahirel M, Richard C, Gelin V, Fournier N, Helies V, Joly T, El Fouikar S, Léandri R, Chavatte-Palmer P, Couturier-Tarrade A. Preconception and/or preimplantation exposure to a mixture of environmental contaminants altered fetoplacental development and placental function in a rabbit model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119829. [PMID: 39179140 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women are daily exposed to environmental contaminants, including endocrine disruptors that can impact the offspring's health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal oral exposure to a mixture of contaminants at a dose mimicking women's exposure, during folliculogenesis and/or preimplantation period (FED and ED groups, respectively) on the fetoplacental phenotype in a rabbit model. The mixture (DEHP, pp'DDE, β-HCH, HCB, BDE-47, BPS, PFOS, PFOA) was defined based on data from HELIX and INMA cohorts. FED and ED females or unexposed females (control) were inseminated, their embryos were collected and transferred to unexposed control recipient rabbits at 80 h post-insemination. The effects of maternal FED and ED exposure were evaluated on fetoplacental growth and development by ultrasound, fetoplacental biometry, fetal metabolism, placental structure and function. The results demonstrated that the mixture weakly affected ultrasound measurements, as only placental volume increased significantly in FED vs ED. Analysis of placental structure demonstrated that the volume fraction of the maternal blood space was increased in FED vs control. Pre- and/or periconception exposure did not affect biometric at the end of gestation, but affected FED fetal biochemistry. Plasma triglyceride concentration was reduced compared to control. However, total cholesterol, urea, ASAT and ALAT in fetal blood were affected in both exposed groups. Multiple factor analysis, including biometric, biochemical, and stereological datasets, indicated that the three groups were significantly different. Additionally, several placental genes were differentially expressed between groups, compared two by two, in a sex-specific manner, with more difference in females than in males. The differentially expressed genes were involved in lipid, cholesterol, and drug/xenobiotic metabolism in both sexes. These results indicate that maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during crucial developmental windows only mildly impaired fetoplacental development but disturbed fetal blood biochemistry and placental gene expression with potential long-term effects on offspring phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bozec
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Prézelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valérie Gelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Lip(Sys)2 - EA 7357, Athérosclérose et Macrophages: Impact des Phospholipides et des Fonctions Mitochondriales sur L'efflux du Cholestérol, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Pharmacie, 91400, Orsay, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Helies
- GenPhySE, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP Interaction Cellule Environnement, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, ISARA-Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sara El Fouikar
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Roger Léandri
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Médecine de La Reproduction, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Merenda VR, Lopez-Soriano M, Anderson S, Trindade PHE, Tomacheuski RM, Leidig MS, Messenger K, Ferreira JB, Pairis-Garcia MD. Prostaglandin E2 is an unreliable biomarker for inflammation in castrated piglets: a randomized controlled trial assessing pharmaceutical drug efficiency. Am J Vet Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 39047790 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of intranasal (IN) flunixin meglumine (FM) and intra-inguinal (IG) lidocaine on castration inflammation using prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration as a biomarker. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted in March 2022. Blood was collected at -24, 1, and 24 hours postcastration for PGE2 quantification from 195 piglets that received 1 of 8 treatments: (1) saline (1.5 mL) applied IG and IN (0.2 mL) followed by surgical castration (n = 24); (2) saline (1.5 mL) IG and IN (0.2 mL) followed by sham castration (25); (3) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG followed by surgical castration (24); (4) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG followed by sham castration (25); (5) FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by surgical castration (25); (6) FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by sham castration (24); (7) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG and FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by surgical castration (24); and (8) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG and FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by sham castration (24). RESULTS Prostaglandin E2 concentrations did not increase following the castration procedure and were not an effective biomarker of castration inflammation. Piglets that received lidocaine demonstrated no difference in PGE2 levels across all time points. Piglets administered FM had lower PGE2 concentrations at 1 hour and 20 minutes postdrug administration in both the sham and castrated piglets. CONCLUSIONS Prostaglandin E2 was not an effective biomarker to quantify castration inflammation. Flunixin meglumine was able to reduce PGE2 concentration in piglets regardless of castration procedure, but lidocaine had no impact. Decreased PGE2 levels in FM-treated pigs are likely associated with the drug's ability to mitigate a noncastration-associated inflammatory process occurring independent of the castration procedure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flunixin meglumine reduced circulating PGE2 concentration in the blood, regardless of the castration procedure, indicating a potential for the drug to mitigate an inflammatory process unrelated to castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Merenda
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Magdiel Lopez-Soriano
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Pedro H E Trindade
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Rubia M Tomacheuski
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Kristen Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Juliana B Ferreira
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Monique D Pairis-Garcia
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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5
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Vinh PQ, Thinh NQ, Devreese M, Croubels S, Oanh DTH, Dalsgaard A, Maita M, Phu TM. Doxycycline pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38987927 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of doxycycline (DOX) in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral dosage were investigated. The pharmacokinetic experiment was conducted in an aquarium, while the experiment of residue depletion was performed in both an aquarium and earth ponds. Medicated feed was administered orally using the gavage method at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight. Blood, liver, and kidney from medicated fish samples were collected. In the depletion experiments, fish were fed medicated feed for five consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight, with samples collected during and after medication. The concentrations of DOX were quantified using an LC-MS/MS system. The pharmacokinetics parameters of DOX in striped catfish included the absorption rate constant (ka), absorption half-life (T1/2abs), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximal plasma concentration (Tmax), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 96 h (AUC0-96 h) which were 0.12 h-1, 5.68 h, 1123.45 ng/mL, 8.19 h, and 25,018 ng/mL/h, respectively. Residue depletion results indicated that the withdrawal times of DOX in muscle (with skin) from fish kept in the aquarium were slightly longer than that in fish raised in earth ponds, corresponding to 194 degree-days compared with 150 degree-days. In conclusion, administration of DOX at the dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight can be used for treatment of bacterial infections in striped catfish, and a withdrawal time of 5 days at 29.4°C will ensure consumer food safety due to the rapid depletion of DOX from muscle and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Quang Vinh
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thinh
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Masashi Maita
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tran Minh Phu
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
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6
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Bhusal P, Lay MC, Kraakman KL, Corbett GE, Gladden NR. Pharmacokinetics of bromoform in dairy heifers. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:183-190. [PMID: 38569531 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2330914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the pharmacokinetics in dairy heifers after oral and IV administration of bromoform, a potential antimethanogenic agent found in red seaweed, Asparagopsis spp. METHODS Twenty-four dairy heifers with a mean weight of 319 (SD 36.9) kg were used. The study was conducted in two phases, and each cohort of 12 heifers received an escalating dose of bromoform. In the first phase, 12 heifers successively received doses of 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg of bromoform orally, separated by a 72-hour washout period. In the second phase, a different cohort of 12 dairy heifers was used. Each heifer received a total of four doses of bromoform separated by a wash-out period of 72 hours. Sequentially the treatments were (for each of the 12 heifers) an oral dose of 50 mg, followed by an IV dose of 50 mg, followed by an oral dose of 100 mg and finally an IV dose of 100 mg.Blood samples were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry for bromoform and dibromomethane to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters using a non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS Bromoform was rapidly absorbed as indicated by a short time to the maximum observed concentration of 15 minutes. For the routes of administration and dose ranges investigated, the mean terminal half-life ranged from 0.32 (SE 0.03) hours to 5.73 (SE 1.64) hours when administered orally or IV. With values for the mean area under the curve (AUC) to dose ratio ranging from 0.25 (SE 0.04) to 0.82 (SE 0.19) for oral and 1.39 (SE 0.39) to 4.02 (SE 0.37) for IV administration, bromoform appeared to exhibit non-proportional pharmacokinetic behaviour. The mean absolute bioavailability was 39.13 (SE 10.4)% and 3.36 (SE 0.83)% for 50-mg and 100-mg doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bromoform is rapidly absorbed and exhibits dose dependent elimination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhusal
- Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - M C Lay
- School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - K L Kraakman
- Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - G E Corbett
- Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - N R Gladden
- Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Hampton CE, Kleine SA, Smith JS, Mulon PY, Smith CK, Shanks GA, Vanecek LR, Seddighi R, Cox S. Pharmacokinetics of oral clonazepam in growing commercial pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38706125 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Clonazepam causes sedation and psychomotor impairment in people. Due to similarities between people and swine in response to benzodiazepines, clonazepam may represent a viable option to produce mild-to-moderate tranquillization in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) of clonazepam in eight healthy, growing commercial cross pigs. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline and up to 96 h after administration. Plasma concentrations were quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and compartment models were fit to time-concentration data. A one-compartment first-order model best fits the data. Maximum plasma concentration was 99.5 ng/mL, and time to maximum concentration was 3.4 h. Elimination half-life was 7.3 h, mean residence time 7.4 h, and apparent volume of distribution 5.7 L/kg. Achieved plasma concentrations exceeded those associated with psychomotor impairment in people although pharmacodynamic effects have not been investigated in pigs. A simulated oral regimen consisting of 0.35 mg/kg administered every 8 h to pigs would achieve plasma concentrations above 32 ng/mL which are shown to produce psychomotor impairment in people. Further studies to test the clinical efficacy of these dosages in commercial and miniature pigs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Hampton
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kleine
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joe S Smith
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Mulon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher K Smith
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregory A Shanks
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Reza Seddighi
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sherry Cox
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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8
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Fadel C, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Bourdo K, Poapolathep A, Hassoun G, Giorgi M. Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in geese (Anser anser domesticus) after intravenous and oral administrations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:208-214. [PMID: 38032073 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is a 5-nitroimidazole anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal drug. In human and companion animal medicine, MTZ remains widely used due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In farm animals, however, MTZ is currently prohibited in several countries due to insufficient data on nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics (PK) in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Fifteen-month old healthy male geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two-phase, single-dose (10 mg/kg IV, 50 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a two-week washout period between the IV and PO phases. Blood was drawn from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma MTZ concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach. MTZ was still quantifiable and well above the LLOQ at 24 h after both routes of administration. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 5.47 h, 767 mL/kg, and 96 mL/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the bioavailability was high (85%), and the mean peak plasma concentration was 60.27 μg/mL at 1 h. When parameters were normalized for the dose, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the PK parameters between the two routes of administration. The study shows that oral administration of MTZ seems to be promising in geese, although comprehensive research on its pharmacodynamics and multiple-dose studies are necessary before its adoption in geese can be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bourdo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Georges Hassoun
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Limsuwan S, Phonsatta N, Panya A, Asasutjarit R, Tansakul N. Pharmacokinetics behavior of four cannabidiol preparations following single oral administration in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389810. [PMID: 38725584 PMCID: PMC11080651 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural phytochemical agent and one of the most abundant found in Cannabis sativa. It is known to exhibit pharmacological properties on various condition such as relieving-inflammation, pain, epilepsy, and anxiety effect. There has been an increasing trend globally in the use of CBD as a supplement in pets. Consequently, there are various CBD products being marketed that are specifically available for pets. Veterinarians and pet owners are concerned that following ingestion, different CBD formulations may result in a CBD level circulating in the blood that may affect the safe use and efficacy of CBD in pets. Several pharmacokinetics studies in animals have been mainly conducted with an oily form of CBD. To date, there is a lack of data regarding direct comparisons in animals among the CBD plasma kinetic profiles from an oral administration of the various preparation forms. Therefore, the current study evaluated and compared the plasma CBD levels from a single oral administration using four different CBD preparations-liquid (an oil-based form, a nanoemulsion form, or a water-soluble form) or a semi-solid form (as CBD mixed in a treat) in dogs. In total, 32 healthy, crossbreed dogs were randomly assigned into 4 groups and treated according to a 1-period, 4-treatment parallel-design. The three liquid forms were dosed at 5 mg/kg body weight, while the single semi-solid form was given at 50 mg/treat/dog. The results showed that the CBD plasma profile from the administration of a water-soluble form was comparable to that of the oil-based group. The nanoemulsion-based form tended to be rapidly absorbed and reached its peak sooner than the others. However, the CBD in all preparations reached the maximum plasma concentration within 3 h post-dose, with an average range of 92-314 μg/L. There were significant differences among certain parameters between the liquid and semi-solid forms. This was the first study to provide pharmacokinetics data regarding CBD in water soluble, nanoemulsion-based, and semi-solid forms for dogs as companion animals. The current data should facilitate the scrutiny of CBD plasma profiles based on different formulations via an oral route in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasithorn Limsuwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rathapon Asasutjarit
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Drug, Health Product Development and Application (DHP-DA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natthasit Tansakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Rodríguez-Martín M, Báez-Flores J, Ribes V, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J, Prieto-Matos P. Non-Mammalian Models for Understanding Neurological Defects in RASopathies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:841. [PMID: 38672195 PMCID: PMC11048513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental congenital disorders stemming from mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, present a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of complex neurological disorders. Afflicting approximately one in a thousand newborns, RASopathies manifest as abnormalities across multiple organ systems, with a pronounced impact on the central and peripheral nervous system. In the pursuit of understanding RASopathies' neurobiology and establishing phenotype-genotype relationships, in vivo non-mammalian models have emerged as indispensable tools. Species such as Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus species and Gallus gallus embryos have proven to be invaluable in shedding light on the intricate pathways implicated in RASopathies. Despite some inherent weaknesses, these genetic models offer distinct advantages over traditional rodent models, providing a holistic perspective on complex genetics, multi-organ involvement, and the interplay among various pathway components, offering insights into the pathophysiological aspects of mutations-driven symptoms. This review underscores the value of investigating the genetic basis of RASopathies for unraveling the underlying mechanisms contributing to broader neurological complexities. It also emphasizes the pivotal role of non-mammalian models in serving as a crucial preliminary step for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodríguez-Martín
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Juan Báez-Flores
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostics Science, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Oishi H, Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancing preclinical drug evaluation through automated 3D imaging for high-throughput screening with kidney organoids. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df. [PMID: 38547531 PMCID: PMC11304660 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening is crucial for advancing healthcare through drug discovery. However, a significant limitation arises from availablein vitromodels using conventional 2D cell culture, which lack the proper phenotypes and architectures observed in three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Recent advancements in stem cell biology have facilitated the generation of organoids-3D tissue constructs that mimic human organsin vitro. Kidney organoids, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, represent a significant breakthrough in disease representation. They encompass major kidney cell types organized within distinct nephron segments, surrounded by stroma and endothelial cells. This tissue allows for the assessment of structural alterations such as nephron loss, a characteristic of chronic kidney disease. Despite these advantages, the complexity of 3D structures has hindered the use of organoids for large-scale drug screening, and the drug screening pipelines utilizing these complexin vitromodels remain to be established for high-throughput screening. In this study, we address the technical limitations of kidney organoids through fully automated 3D imaging, aided by a machine-learning approach for automatic profiling of nephron segment-specific epithelial morphometry. Kidney organoids were exposed to the nephrotoxic agent cisplatin to model severe acute kidney injury. An U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library was tested for therapeutic and nephrotoxicity screening. The fully automated pipeline of 3D image acquisition and analysis identified nephrotoxic or therapeutic drugs during cisplatin chemotherapy. The nephrotoxic potential of these drugs aligned with previousin vivoand human reports. Additionally, Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in hematological malignancies, was identified as a potential preventive therapy for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Our proof-of-concept report demonstrates that the automated screening process, using 3D morphometric assays with kidney organoids, enables high-throughput screening for nephrotoxicity and therapeutic assessment in 3D tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oishi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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12
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Bean TG, Chadwick EA, Herrero-Villar M, Mateo R, Naidoo V, Rattner BA. Do Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Pose a Risk to Wildlife? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:595-610. [PMID: 36398854 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of knowledge related to the question "To what extent do pharmaceuticals in the environment pose a risk to wildlife?" stems from the Asian vulture crisis (>99% decline of some species of Old World vultures on the Indian subcontinent related to the veterinary use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] diclofenac). The hazard of diclofenac and other NSAIDs (carprofen, flunixin, ketoprofen, nimesulide, phenylbutazone) to vultures and other avian species has since been demonstrated; indeed, only meloxicam and tolfenamic acid have been found to be vulture-safe. Since diclofenac was approved for veterinary use in Spain and Italy in 2013 (home to ~95% of vultures in Europe), the risk of NSAIDs to vultures in these countries has become one of the principal concerns related to pharmaceuticals and wildlife. Many of the other bodies of work on pharmaceutical exposure, hazard and risk to wildlife also relate to adverse effects in birds (e.g., poisoning of scavenging birds in North America and Europe from animal carcasses containing pentobarbital, secondary and even tertiary poisoning of birds exposed to pesticides used in veterinary medicine as cattle dips, migratory birds as a vector for the transfer of antimicrobial and antifungal resistance). Although there is some research related to endocrine disruption in reptiles and potential exposure of aerial insectivores, there remain numerous knowledge gaps for risk posed by pharmaceuticals to amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Developing noninvasive sampling techniques and new approach methodologies (e.g., genomic, in vitro, in silico, in ovo) is important if we are to bridge the current knowledge gaps without extensive vertebrate testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:595-610. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Herrero-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Barnett A Rattner
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, US Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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13
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Zhang H, Hu Y, Liu X, Li R, Pan Y, Liu C, Yang T. Pharmacokinetic study of five components of Fuzheng Huayu tablets in healthy human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5782. [PMID: 38016814 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural medicines play a crucial role in clinical drug applications, serving as a primary traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. Understanding the in vivo metabolic process of the Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) formula is essential for delving into its material basis and mechanism. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research focused on the mechanisms and component analysis of FZHY. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of FZHY in healthy volunteers following oral administration. Blood samples were collected at designated time intervals after the oral intake of 9.6-g FZHY tablets. A UHPLC-Q/Exactive method was developed to assess the plasma concentrations of five components post-FZHY ingestion. The peak time for all components occurred within 10 min. The peak concentration (Cmax ) values for amygdalin, schisandrin, and schisandrin A ranged from 3.47 to 28.80 ng/mL, with corresponding AUC(0-t) values ranging from 10.63 to 103.20 ng h/mL. For schisandrin B and prunasin, Cmax values were in the range of 86.52 to 229.10 ng/mL, and their AUC(0-t) values ranged from 375.26 to 1875.54 ng h/mL, indicating significant exposure within the body. These findings demonstrate that the developed method enables rapid and accurate detection and quantification of the five components in FZHY, offering a valuable reference for its clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Li
- Shanghai Huanghai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- Shanghai Huanghai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu S, Guo Y, Qu H, Dong Y, Zhao S, Fu T, Kang R, Cheng J, Huang S, Zhao L, Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in the plasma, urine, and feces of fattening male donkeys following single oral administration. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1314029. [PMID: 38239747 PMCID: PMC10794771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1314029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a commonly used antibacterial agent in animals. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in donkeys. Donkeys were administered FF (30 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o.). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. The FF (FFA) pharmacokinetics parameters were characterized by along elimination half-life (t1/2 kz) of 5.92 h (15.95 h), plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of 0.13 μg/mL (0.08 μg/mL), and the time taken to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 0.68 h (0.72 h). The area under plasma concentration-time curve and mean residence time of FF (FFA) in plasma were 1.31 μg·mL-1·h (0.47 μg·mL-1·h) and 10.37 h (18.40 h), respectively. The t1/2 kz of FF and FFA in urine was 21.93 and 40.26 h, and the maximum excretion rate was 10.56 and 4.03 μg/h reached at 25.60 and 32.20 h, respectively. The respective values in feces were 0.02 and 0.01 μg·h-1 reached at 33.40 h. The amount of FF and FFA recovered in feces was 0.52 and 0.22 μg, respectively. In conclusion, FF (FFA) is rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single oral administration to donkeys. Compared to FF, FFA was more slowly eliminated. FF (FFA) is mostly excreted through urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanjie Dong
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianze Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Kutahya ZO, Akyol BA, Deliklitas K, Gokbulut C. Plasma disposition and faecal excretion of eprinomectin following subcutaneous administration in Saanen and Alpine goats. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105091. [PMID: 37984218 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Eprinomectin is extensively used in veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment of internal and external parasites in livestock, including goats. The pharmacokinetic behavior of eprinomectin in plasma and faeces was studied after a single subcutaneous administration in two different goat breeds at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. The study was conducted on one-year-old female Saanen (n = 8) and Alpine (n = 8) goats in a parallel design. There were no significant differences between Saanen and Alpine goats on the peak plasma concentration (Cmax, 28.59 ± 7.46 ng/mL vs. 37.69 ± 14.89 ng/mL), area under the curve (AUC0-∞, 93.08 ± 11.66 ng.d/mL vs. 116.98 ± 48.36 ng.d/mL), area under the first moment curve (AUMC0-∞, 311.05 ± 67.23 ng.d2/mL vs. 348.25 ± 202.64 ng.d2/mL) and mean residence time (MRT, 3.24 ± 0.77 d vs. 2.74 ± 0.64 d) values. The plasma terminal half-life and the time to reach peak plasma concentration were significantly higher in Saanen goats (T1/2λz, 2.18 ± 0.43 d; Tmax, 1.21 ± 0.25 d) than in Alpine goats (T1/2λz, 1.66 ± 0.41 d; Tmax, 0.79 ± 0.25 d). The results revealed that the plasma concentration of eprinomectin did not differ depending on the breed in Saanen and Alpine goats. However, it was determined that the eprinomectin clearance from the body may vary depending on the breed in goats. The faecal eprinomectin concentration of Saanen and Alpine goats was 90 and 80 times higher than the plasma eprinomectin concentration, respectively. Although high faecal excretion of eprinomectin confers a high efficacy advantage against parasites in the gastrointestinal tract, it may pose an ecotoxicological risk to manure fauna and aquatic organisms with high susceptibility to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ozdemir Kutahya
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Busra Aslan Akyol
- Balikesir University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CoHE 100/2000 Scholarship Holder, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Kubra Deliklitas
- Balikesir University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CoHE 100/2000 Scholarship Holder, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Cengiz Gokbulut
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Balikesir, Türkiye; Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Balikesir, Türkiye.
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16
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Rhea EM, Babin A, Thomas P, Omer M, Weaver R, Hansen K, Banks WA, Talbot K. Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, and DA5-CH in the search for new treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Tissue Barriers 2023:2292461. [PMID: 38095516 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2292461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of peptide incretin receptor agonists (IRAs) show promise as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one way for IRAs to act directly within the brain. To determine which IRAs are high priority candidates for treating these disorders, we have studied their brain uptake pharmacokinetics. METHODS We quantitatively measure the ability of four IRAs to cross the BBB. We injected adult male CD-1 mice intravenously with 125I- or 14C-labeled albiglutide, dulaglutide, DA5-CH, or tirzepatide and used multiple-time regression analyses to measure brain kinetics up to 1 hour. For those IRAs failing to enter the brain 1 h after intravenous injection, we also investigated their ability to enter over a longer time frame (i.e., 6 h). RESULTS Albiglutide and dulaglutide had the fastest brain uptake rates within 1 hour. DA5-CH appears to enter the brain rapidly, reaching equilibrium quickly. Tirzepatide does not appear to cross the BBB within 1 h after iv injection but like albumin, did so slowly over 6 h, presumably via the extracellular pathways. CONCLUSIONS We find that IRAs can cross the BBB by two separate processes; one that is fast and one that is slow. Three of the four IRAs investigated here have fast rates of transport and should be taken into consideration for testing as AD and PD therapeutics as they would have the ability to act quickly and directly on the brain as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice Babin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Riley Weaver
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim Hansen
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Human Anatomy, and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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17
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Fadel C, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Laut S, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:413-420. [PMID: 37312265 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Robenacoxib (RX) is a veterinary cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor drug. It has never been tested on birds and is only labelled for use in cats and dogs. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Four-month healthy female geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two-phase, single-dose (2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a four-month washout period between the IV and the PO phases. Blood was collected from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h. Plasma RX concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analysed using ThothPro™ 4.3 software in a non-compartmental approach. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 0.35 h, 0.34 L/kg, and 0.68 L/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the mean peak plasma concentration was 6.78 μg/mL at 0.50 h. The t1/2λz was very short and significantly different between the IV and PO administrations (0.35 h IV vs. 0.99 h PO), suggesting the occurrence of a flip-flop phenomenon. The Cl values corrected for the F% were significantly different between IV and PO administrations. It might have been a consequence of the longitudinal study design and the altered physiological and environmental conditions after a 4-month washout period. The absolute oral F% computed with the AUC method surpassed 150%, but after normalizing it to t1/2λz, it was 46%. In conclusion, the administration of RX might not be suitable for geese, due to its short t1/2λz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Seavchou Laut
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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SHIMADA S, ABOUBAKR M, ELBADAWY M, USUI T, SASAKI K, SHIMODA M. Biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of several fluoroquinolones after intravenous injection in rabbits. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1099-1105. [PMID: 37635088 PMCID: PMC10600534 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ERFX) and other fluoroquinolones; orbifloxacin (OBFX), marbofloxacin (MBFX), and ofloxacin (OFLX) in the plasma and bile of rabbits after a single intravenous (IV) injection. Twenty male rabbits were divided into four groups and given each drug by IV injection into the ear vein at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg BW. The concentration of ERFX, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), OBFX, MBFX and OFLX in plasma and bile were determined by HPLC. CPFX, metabolite of ERFX, was also measured by HPLC in plasma and bile of rabbits receiving ERFX. Several pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were calculated and biliary clearance (CLbile) was calculated from extent of biliary excretion and accumulation of AUC of each drug. After IV injection, elimination half-life (t1/2β) was 4.13, 3.68, 6.60, 5.14 hr; volume of distribution at a steady state (Vdss) was 1.24, 0.503, 0.771, 1.02 L/kg; and total body clearance (CLtot) was 1.05, 0.418, 0.271, 0.453 L/kg/hr, respectively. The values for CLbile for ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were 0.0048, 0.0050, 0.0057, and 0.0094 L/kg/hr, respectively. These values represent 0.48%, 1.2%, 2.1%, and 2.3% of the total body clearance (CLtot) of each drug, respectively. The biliary clearance of CPFX was also measured and found to be 0.0199 L/kg/hr with ERFX administration. The results showed that ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were not excreted into the bile to a significant extent, making them safe drugs to use in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire SHIMADA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Mohamed ABOUBAKR
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed ELBADAWY
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tatsuya USUI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Kazuaki SASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Minoru SHIMODA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
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19
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Woods SJ, Hughes-Medlicott NJ, McDowell A. Pharmacokinetics in Penguins Compared to Other Avian Species: A Review of Enrofloxacin and Voriconazole. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4430-4442. [PMID: 37579225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Australasia is home to unique and endangered avian species. Drug administration to this group of animal patients for prophylaxis and treatment is challenging from a number of different perspectives. A key limitation for optimal drug dosing in birds is the lack of published pharmacokinetic studies to guide dose requirements. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate published literature on pharmacokinetics in penguin species and compare that with the pharmacokinetics of other avian species with a focus on two drugs: enrofloxacin and voriconazole. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A key finding is that penguin pharmacokinetics differs from other avian species, with weight-adjusted AUC and Cmax values higher than most other avian species (e.g., for enrofloxacin, the AUC in the African penguin is 85.7 μg h/mL, which is more than double the other bird species). Doses for some avian species may be successfully extrapolated from other avian species; however, it appears important to consider factors other than just body weight (e.g., clearance mechanism and drug physicochemical characteristics). Consequently, there is an important need for robust pharmacokinetic data in wildlife species to ensure optimal therapy for this special group of patients. As part of this review, we identify key aspects that should be considered when estimating dose in species for which there is limited pharmacokinetic information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Woods
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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20
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Sitovs A, Skadins I, Purvina S, Bandere D. In vitro and ex vivo antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli isolated from rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) - A preliminary study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:332-343. [PMID: 37060264 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Levofloxacin veterinary formulations are available in Argentina, China and India for the use in dogs, cattle, pig and sheep, but not currently in the rabbit. Only the extra-label use in rabbits is possible. Levofloxacin is not labelled for veterinary use in the EU or the USA. The activity of levofloxacin against rabbit pathogens Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined in broth and serum for 10 P. multocida isolates and 5 E. coli isolates from rabbits. One isolate of each bacterial species was used for the time-killing curve study in vitro and ex vivo. In vitro AUC24 /MIC ratios were used for building the inhibitory pharmacodynamic Imax model. The P. multocida MIC were 0.008-0.5 μg/mL, MBC - 0.015-0.5 μg/mL. Escherichia coli MIC was 0.008-0.03 μg/mL and MBC - 0.03-0.25 μg/mL. Bacterial counts were reduced to the limit of detection after 24 h with levofloxacin concentrations of 2 MIC and higher. All serum samples from rabbits treated with levofloxacin eliminated the bacteria within 24 h. AUC24 /MIC ratios for bacteriostatic, bactericidal and bacterial elimination effects for P. multocida and E. coli isolates were 21, 29 and 75 h and 27, 32 and 60 h, respectively. Proposed daily doses against P. multocida (MIC = 0.015 μg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 0.03 μg/mL) isolates were calculated as ≤0.91 and ≤1.43 mg/kg, respectively. Fluoroquinolones are categorized by WHO as 'highest priority critically important antimicrobials'. Considering the increasing importance of antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobials from a lower importance category that are active against the isolate of interest should be used in preference to fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolone use in veterinary medicine should be based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to mitigate the risk to public health and prevent the spread of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Sitovs
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ingus Skadins
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Santa Purvina
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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21
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Butler MB, Vellaiyappan SK, Bhatti F, Syed FEM, Rafati Fard A, Teh JQ, Grodzinski B, Akhbari M, Adeeko S, Dilworth R, Bhatti A, Waheed U, Robinson S, Osunronbi T, Walker B, Ottewell L, Suresh G, Kuhn I, Davies BM, Kotter MRN, Mowforth OD. The impact of phosphodiesterase inhibition on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1237219. [PMID: 37675134 PMCID: PMC10479944 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1237219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Study design Systematic review. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019150639). Searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase. Studies were included if they evaluated the impact of PDE inhibitors on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic or non-traumatic SCI. Data were extracted from relevant studies, including sample characteristics, injury model, and neurobehavioral assessment and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE checklist. Results The search yielded a total of 1,679 studies, of which 22 met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 11 to 144 animals. PDE inhibitors used include rolipram (n = 16), cilostazol (n = 4), roflumilast (n = 1), and PDE4-I (n = 1). The injury models used were traumatic SCI (n = 18), spinal cord ischemia (n = 3), and degenerative cervical myelopathy (n = 1). The most commonly assessed outcome measures were Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score (n = 13), and grid walking (n = 7). Of the 22 papers that met the final inclusion criteria, 12 showed a significant improvement in neurobehavioral outcomes following the use of PDE inhibitors, four papers had mixed findings and six found PDE inhibitors to be ineffective in improving neurobehavioral recovery following an SCI. Notably, these findings were broadly consistent across different PDE inhibitors and spinal cord injury models. Conclusion In preclinical models of traumatic and non-traumatic SCI, the administration of PDE inhibitors appeared to be associated with statistically significant improvements in neurobehavioral outcomes in a majority of included studies. However, the evidence was inconsistent with a high risk of bias. This review provides a foundation to aid the interpretation of subsequent clinical trials of PDE inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=150639, identifier: CRD42019150639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B. Butler
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sundar K. Vellaiyappan
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Faheem Bhatti
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fazal-E-Momin Syed
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Rafati Fard
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jye Quan Teh
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Grodzinski
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melika Akhbari
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sylva Adeeko
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Dilworth
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aniqah Bhatti
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Unaiza Waheed
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Robinson
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Temidayo Osunronbi
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benn Walker
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Ottewell
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Suresh
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isla Kuhn
- Medical Library, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M. Davies
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. N. Kotter
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Mowforth
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Hart M, Conrad J, Barrett E, Legg K, Ivey G, Lee PHU, Yung YC, Shim JW. X-linked hydrocephalus genes: Their proximity to telomeres and high A + T content compared to Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2023; 366:114433. [PMID: 37156332 PMCID: PMC10330542 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Proximity to telomeres (i) and high adenine and thymine (A + T) content (ii) are two factors associated with high mutation rates in human chromosomes. We have previously shown that >100 human genes when mutated to cause congenital hydrocephalus (CH) meet either factor (i) or (ii) at 91% matching, while two factors are poorly satisfied in human genes associated with familial Parkinson's disease (fPD) at 59%. Using the sets of mouse, rat, and human chromosomes, we found that 7 genes associated with CH were located on the X chromosome of mice, rats, and humans. However, genes associated with fPD were in different autosomes depending on species. While the contribution of proximity to telomeres in the autosome was comparable in CH and fPD, high A + T content played a pivotal contribution in X-linked CH (43% in all three species) than in fPD (6% in rodents or 13% in humans). Low A + T content found in fPD cases suggests that PARK family genes harbor roughly 3 times higher chances of methylations in CpG sites or epigenetic changes than X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Hart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Joshua Conrad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Emma Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Legg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gabrielle Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yun C Yung
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scintillon Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joon W Shim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
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23
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Leet-Otley K, Fellman CL, Wayne AS, Beaulac K, DeStefano IM, Chambers K, Marino KB, Doron S. Demonstrating the importance of local culture and susceptibility data: antibiograms from dogs at a veterinary tertiary care center. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-7. [PMID: 36862544 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.12.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create antibiograms for commonly cultured organisms in a small animal tertiary care hospital following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and to compare these local resistance patterns to published first-tier antimicrobial recommendations. SAMPLE Urine (n = 429), respiratory (41), and skin (75) isolates cultured from dogs between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, at the Tufts University Foster Hospital for Small Animals. PROCEDURES MIC and susceptibility interpretations were recorded for multiple sites for 2 years. Sites with greater than 30 isolates for at least 1 organism were included. Urinary, respiratory, and skin antibiograms were created using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints and guidelines. RESULTS Urinary Escherichia coli had a higher susceptibility percentage for amoxicillin-clavulanate (80% [221/275]) than amoxicillin alone (64% [175/275]). Respiratory E coli were greater than 80% susceptible to only 2 antimicrobials (imipenem, amikacin). Of skin Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, 40% (30/75) were methicillin-resistant and frequently also displayed resistance to non-beta lactam antimicrobials. Susceptibility to recommended first-line antimicrobials varied and was greatest for gram-negative urinary isolates and lowest for methicillin-resistant S pseudintermedius skin isolates and respiratory E coli. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Local antibiogram creation identified frequent resistance that may preclude the use of guideline-recommended first-line therapy. High levels of resistance identified in methicillin-resistant S pseudintermedius isolates supports growing concern for methicillin-resistant staphylococci in veterinary patients. This project highlights the need for population-specific resistance profiles to be used in conjunction with national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Leet-Otley
- 1Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Claire L Fellman
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Annie S Wayne
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | | | - Ian M DeStefano
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Kelly Chambers
- 1Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Kady B Marino
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Shira Doron
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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24
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Zhang X, Liu G, Sang Z, Guo Q, Zhou Y. Trace quantification of GL-V9 and its glucuronide metabolites (5-O-glucuronide GL-V9) in Beagle dog plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286467. [PMID: 37285365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GL-V9, a new synthetic flavonoid derived from wogonin, has shown beneficial biological functions. In this study, accurate and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated for the quantification of GL-V9 and its glucuronide metabolite (5-O-glucuronide GL-V9) in Beagle dog plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C8 column (ACE Excel 5 C8 50×3.0 mm) using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase. Mass detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operating in positive ion mode. Quantitative analysis was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 410.2→126.1 for GL-V9, m/z 586.3→410.0 for 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9 and m/z 180.0→110.3 for phenacetin (internal standard), respectively. The calibration curves for GL-V9 and 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9 showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.5-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were within 99.86% to 109.20% for GL-V9 and 92.55% to 106.20% for 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9, respectively. The mean recovery was 88.64% ± 2.70% for GL-V9, and 92.31% ± 6.28% for 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in Beagle dogs after oral and intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability of GL-V9 was approximately 2.47%~4.35% in Beagle dogs and reached steady state on the fifth day after repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlan Liu
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechun Sang
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang L, Wen L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Liu Z, Huang L. Metabolism and Tissue Elimination of Diaveridine in Swine, Chickens, and Rats Using Radioactive Tracing Coupled with LC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37036393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diaveridine (DVD) has widespread use in food animals due to its antibacterial synergistic effects. This study revealed the metabolism, excretion, and tissue elimination of DVD in swine, chickens, and rats following oral gavage of 10 mg/kg b.w. tritium-labeled DVD using radioactive tracing coupled with liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-ion trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS). The metabolic pathways involved demethylation, α-hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfonylation and produced four metabolites in swine (M0, DVD; M1, 3'/4'-demethyl-DVD; M2, 3'/4'-demethyl-DVD-O-glucuronide; M4, 2/4-glucuronidated-DVD) and five in chickens (M0∼M2; M3, α-hydroxy-DVD; M4) and rats (M0∼M3; M5, 3'/4'-demethyl-DVD-O-sulfation). M0 was dominant in the excreta of chicken and female and male rats, while M2 was mainly excreted in swine. Among the three species studied, M0 was the most persistent in the kidneys (t1/2 3.15-3.89 d); therefore, M0 kidney levels are residue monitoring targets. This study enabled a thorough comprehension of the metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics of DVD in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, PR China
| | - Lihua Wen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, PR China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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26
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Ambar N, Cox S, Hartup BK. PHARMACOKINETICS OF CEFTIOFUR CRYSTALLINE-FREE ACID ADMINISTERED VIA INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION IN WHOOPING CRANES ( GRUS AMERICANA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:1-7. [PMID: 36971622 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of a single dose of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) in whooping cranes (Grus americana). Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid is a long-acting, injectable, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic drug. A preliminary study evaluated CCFA administered intramuscularly in the pectoral or thigh muscle at 20 or 30 mg/kg IM to a single adult whooping crane for each dose. On the basis of these data, a dose of 30 mg/kg IM of CCFA was administered to five additional whooping cranes, and blood was collected at various time points from 0 to 288 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters for ceftiofur equivalents were determined and reached concentrations above minimum inhibitory concentrations of various bacteria in other avian species (>1 µg/ml) for at least 96 h in all birds, and for 144 h in two birds. From these findings, ceftiofur crystalline-free acid appears to be a long-acting antibiotic option for whooping cranes and may be dosed every 96 h; however, additional multidose studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Ambar
- International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI 53913, USA, and the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - Sherry Cox
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Barry K Hartup
- International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI 53913, USA, and the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Wu Q, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gu X, He H, Jin X. Pyogranulomatous dermatitis with Enterococcus faecalis in a spotted seal (Phoca larga). Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:985-991. [PMID: 36253881 PMCID: PMC10029880 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous infections are important diseases in captive and free-ranging pinnipeds and are associated with various causative agents. Some special agents, such as fungi, morbillivirus and mycobacteria, can cause cutaneous specific granulomatous inflammation. OBJECTIVES To identity the cause of chronic dermatitis in a spotted seal in an aquarium. METHODS Herein, we analyze the clinical history and cutaneous samples of the spotted seal through differential diagnosis (histopathology, microorganism culture, special histochemical staining methods, PCR), and antibiotic susceptibility test. RESULTS This is a rare pyogranulomatous dermatitis case caused by E. faecalis in a captive adult male spotted seal (Phoca largha) in an aquarium. CONCLUSIONS We provide a meaningful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis in pinnipeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxing Wu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Hongxuan He
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Jin
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Wright PSR, Briggs KA, Thomas R, Smith GF, Maglennon G, Mikulskis P, Chapman M, Greene N, Phillips BU, Bender A. Statistical analysis of preclinical inter-species concordance of histopathological findings in the eTOX database. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 138:105308. [PMID: 36481279 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical inter-species concordance can increase the predictivity of observations to the clinic, potentially reducing drug attrition caused by unforeseen adverse events. We quantified inter-species concordance of histopathological findings and target organ toxicities across four preclinical species in the eTOX database using likelihood ratios (LRs). This was done whilst only comparing findings between studies with similar compound exposure (Δ|Cmax| ≤ 1 log-unit), repeat-dosing duration, and animals of the same sex. We discovered 24 previously unreported significant inter-species associations between histopathological findings encoded by the HPATH ontology. More associations with strong positive concordance (33% LR+ > 10) relative to strong negative concordance (12.5% LR- < 0.1) were identified. Of the top 10 most positively concordant associations, 60% were computed between different histopathological findings indicating potential differences in inter-species pathogenesis. We also observed low inter-species target organ toxicity concordance. For example, liver toxicity concordance in short-term studies between female rats and dogs observed an average LR+ of 1.84, and an average LR- of 0.73. This was corroborated by similarly low concordance between rodents and non-rodents for 75 candidate drugs in AstraZeneca. This work provides new statistically significant associations between preclinical species, but finds that concordance is rare, particularly between the absence of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S R Wright
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Graham F Smith
- AstraZeneca, Data Science and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Paulius Mikulskis
- AstraZeneca, Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa Chapman
- AstraZeneca, Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Greene
- AstraZeneca, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin U Phillips
- AstraZeneca, Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Feeding Management and Albendazole Pharmacokinetics in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030474. [PMID: 36766363 PMCID: PMC9913742 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is a methylcarbamate benzimidazole anthelmintic used to control gastrointestinal parasites in several animal species and humans. The type of diet has been identified as a major determinant for ABZ pharmacokinetics in different animal species and humans. The work described here assesses the pattern of the absorption and the systemic availability of ABZ and its metabolites after its oral administration to pigs under different feed management plans. Eighteen pigs (5 months old, local ecotype breeds) were distributed into three experimental groups. In the fasting group, the animals fasted for 8 h prior to treatment. In the pellet + oil and pellet groups, the animals were fed ad libitum with a commercial pelleted-based diet with or without the addition of soya oil. An ABZ suspension was orally administered at 10 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken over the 48 h post-treatment. The plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC. Under the described experimental conditions, the ingestion of the pellet-based diet with or without the soya oil before ABZ treatment did not significantly (p < 0.05) modify the plasma disposition kinetics of the ABZ sulfoxide (ABZSO, the main ABZ metabolite) compared to that observed in the fasting pigs. Both ABZ metabolites (ABZSO and ABZ sulphone) reached similar peak concentrations and systemic exposures in all the experimental groups regardless of the feeding management. However, the addition of oil to the pelleted food enhanced the pattern of ABZ absorption, which was reflected in the higher (p < 0.05) concentration profiles of the active ABZSO metabolite measured between 12 and 48 h post-treatment compared to the pigs fed with the pelleted food alone. Although this effect may not be therapeutically relevant after ABZ administration as a single oral dose, the overall impact of the type and feeding conditions when ABZ is supplemented with food for several days should be cautiously evaluated.
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He CL, Tang Y, Chen X, Long T, He YN, Wei J, Wu JM, Lan C, Yu L, Huang FH, Gu CW, Liu J, Yu CL, Wong VKW, Law BYK, Qin DL, Wu AG, Zhou XG. Folium Hibisci Mutabilis extract, a potent autophagy enhancer, exhibits neuroprotective properties in multiple models of neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154548. [PMID: 36610154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein aggregates are considered key pathological features in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The induction of autophagy can effectively promote the clearance of ND-related misfolded proteins. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to screen natural autophagy enhancers from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) presenting potent neuroprotective potential in multiple ND models. METHODS The autophagy enhancers were broadly screened in our established herbal extract library using the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) DA2123 strain. The neuroprotective effects of the identified autophagy enhancers were evaluated in multiple C. elegans ND models by measuring Aβ-, Tau-, α-synuclein-, and polyQ40-induced pathologies. In addition, PC-12 cells and 3 × Tg-AD mice were employed to further validate the neuroprotective ability of the identified autophagy enhancers, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RNAi bacteria and autophagy inhibitors were used to evaluate whether the observed effects of the identified autophagy enhancers were mediated by the autophagy-activated pathway. RESULTS The ethanol extract of Folium Hibisci Mutabilis (FHME) was found to significantly increase GFP::LGG-1-positive puncta in the DA2123 worms. FHME treatment markedly inhibited Aβ, α-synuclein, and polyQ40, as well as prolonging the lifespan and improving the behaviors of C. elegans, while siRNA targeting four key autophagy genes partly abrogated the protective roles of FHME in C. elegans. Additionally, FHME decreased the expression of AD-related proteins and restored cell viability in PC-12 cells, which were canceled by cotreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf). Moreover, FHME ameliorated AD-like cognitive impairment and pathology, as well as activating autophagy in 3 × Tg-AD mice. CONCLUSION FHME was successfully screened from our natural product library as a potent autophagy enhancer that exhibits a neuroprotective effect in multiple ND models across species through the induction of autophagy. These findings offer a new and reliable strategy for screening autophagy inducers, as well as providing evidence that FHME may serve as a possible therapeutic agent for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Long He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tao Long
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan-Ni He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Cai Lan
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Cong-Wei Gu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Sex Differences in the In Vivo Exposure Process of Multiple Components of Gelsemium elegans in Rats. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010033. [PMID: 36676958 PMCID: PMC9865510 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) has a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, its strong toxicity limits its potential development and application. Interestingly, there are significant gender differences in G. elegans toxicity in rats. This work aimed to elucidate the overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of whole G. elegans crude extract in female and male rats using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS), which facilitates determining the reasons for the gender differences in toxicity. A total of 25 absorbed bioactive components and 3 related produced metabolites were tentatively identified in female rats, while only 17 absorbed bioactive components and 3 related produced metabolites were identified in male rats. By comparison of peak intensities, most compounds were found to be more active in absorption, distribution and excretion in female rats than in male rats, which showed that female rats were more sensitive to G. elegans. This study was the first to investigate the multicomponent in vivo process of G. elegans in rats and compare the differences between sexes. It was hypothesized that differences in the absorption of gelsedine-type alkaloids were one of the main reasons for the sex differences in G. elegans toxicity.
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Yen FS, Wei JCC, Yu TS, Hsu CY, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Sulfonylurea Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COPD: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15013. [PMID: 36429732 PMCID: PMC9690079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We conducted this study to investigate the long-term outcomes of sulfonylurea (SU) use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used propensity-score matching to identify 6008 pairs of SU users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risks of mortality, cardiovascular events, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, bacterial pneumonia, lung cancer, and hypoglycemia between SU users and nonusers. In the matched cohorts, the mean follow-up time for SU users and nonusers was 6.57 and 5.48 years, respectively. Compared with nonusers, SU users showed significantly lower risks of mortality [aHR 0.53(0.48-0.58)], cardiovascular events [aHR 0.88(0.81-0.96)], non-invasive positive pressure ventilation [aHR 0.74(0.6-0.92)], invasive mechanical ventilation [aHR 0.57(0.5-0.66)], and bacterial pneumonia [aHR 0.78(0.7-0.87)]. A longer cumulative duration of SU use was associated with a lower risk of these outcomes. This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that SU use was associated with significantly lower risks of cardiovascular events, ventilation use, bacterial pneumonia, and mortality in patients with COPD and T2D. SU may be a suitable option for diabetes management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Yen
- Dr. Yen’s Clinic, No. 15, Shanying Road, Gueishan District, Taoyuan 33354, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Shun Yu
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, 3F, No. 373-2, Jianxing Road, Taichung 40459, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Road, Taichung 40202, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, 168 ChingKuo Road, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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Ramee S. A Review of Salinity's Impact on Relevant Aquatic Drug Approval Technical Sections. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:149-155. [PMID: 36165570 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in the USA, there are no aquatic animal drugs approved for use in saltwater-reared finfish. As U.S. aquaculture expands into the marine environment, it is imperative to maximize the current knowledge base to make new approvals for saltwater use as efficient as possible. This article reviews literature relevant to how the saltwater environment may affect the Effectiveness, Target Animal Safety, and Human Food Safety major technical sections of a new animal drug approval. Though research on this subject is limited, there are pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies that have utilized euryhaline species to isolate salinity as the independent variable. I summarize these studies to demonstrate patterns that could facilitate more effective and efficient transfer of data previously used for freshwater drug approvals to be used for potential saltwater approvals. Research suggests that drug residue clearance rates are generally faster or at least similar in salt water if other factors are held constant, suggesting that consistent or shorter withdrawal times may be appropriate for saltwater application. However, faster clearance rates may cause a reduction in efficacy in some cases. The effects of salt water on drug toxicity are much less clear, are possibly highly compound dependent, and deserve further research. This suggests that any future drug approvals for saltwater use should begin by identifying the appropriate effective dose in salt water before addressing the other technical sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Ramee
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Aquatic Animal Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Drive, Bozeman, Montana, 59715, USA
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Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091807. [PMID: 36145555 PMCID: PMC9505616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.
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Tolerability of Atovaquone—Proguanil Application in Common Buzzard Nestlings. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080397. [PMID: 36006311 PMCID: PMC9414624 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many wild animals, and particularly birds, are commonly infected and can suffer health consequences by blood parasites related to Plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria in humans. Atovaquone–proguanil (Malarone®, GlaxoSmithKline) is one of the most popular drugs for the treatment of malaria infections in humans and is commonly used for the treatment of birds in captivity. Our aim was to test the potential effects of Malarone® within one week of treatment on the growth rate, body condition, and blood chemistry of common buzzard nestlings, a widely distributed Eurasian bird of prey. We found no evidence of detrimental effects of a single dose in common buzzard nestlings with an average dosage of 11 mg/kg, compared with the 7 mg/kg recommended daily dosage in humans. Although Malarone® is commonly used in wildlife rehabilitation centres, and our results do not indicate acute toxicity, further studies are needed to determine the half-life and potential long-term effects of Malarone® treatment in birds. Abstract Differences in drug tolerability among vertebrate groups and species can create substantial challenges for wildlife and ex situ conservation programmes. Knowledge of tolerance in the use of new drugs is, therefore, important to avoid severe toxicity in species, which are both commonly admitted in veterinary clinics and are of conservation concern. Antimalarial drugs have been developed for use in human medicine, but treatment with different agents has also long been used in avian medicine, as haemosporidian infections play a major role in many avian species. This study investigates the effects of the application of atovaquone–proguanil (Malarone®, GlaxoSmithKline) in common buzzards (Buteo buteo). The potential effects of treatment on body condition, growth rate, and chemical blood parameters of nestlings were assessed. All individuals survived the treatment, and no effects on body condition, growth rate, and chemical blood parameters were observed. Our results suggest the tolerability of Malarone® in common buzzards at a single dose of on average 11 mg/kg body weight. For its safe use, we recommend further studies to determine pharmacokinetics in different avian species as well as to assess the effects of repeated treatment.
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Soh HY, Tan PXY, Ng TTM, Chng HT, Xie S. A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Data of Antibiotics in Avian Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060741. [PMID: 35740148 PMCID: PMC9219738 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In avian medicine, the use of antibiotic dosing regimens based on species-specific pharmacological studies is ideal. However, due to a lack of such studies, dose extrapolation, which may cause inefficacy and toxicity, is common practice. Multiple searches were performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases to extract relevant pharmacological studies performed in exotic avian species. The pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety data of the selected antibiotics (enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, and amoxicillin/clavulanate) from these studies were reviewed. This review aimed to identify trends amenable for safe inter-species dose extrapolation and provide updated findings on dosing regimens that are safe and efficacious for various exotic avian species. We observed that the half-life of antibiotics appears to be shorter in the common ostrich and that amikacin may be amenable to inter-species dose extrapolation as it is safe and shows little inter-species PK and PD variation. Species-specific enrofloxacin dosing regimens that were not listed in the Exotic Animal Formulary (5th ed.) were found for Caribbean flamingos, African penguins, southern crested caracaras, common ostriches, and greater rheas. Specific dosing regimens recommended for psittacine birds (doxycycline 130 mg/kg medicated water) and ratites (PO doxycycline 2–3.5 mg/kg q12 h, PO enrofloxacin 1.5–2.5 mg/kg q12 h and IM enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg q12 h) in the formulary may not be effective in budgerigars and common ostriches, respectively. Apart from the lack of species-specific pharmacological studies, a lack of multiple dose studies was also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Soh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
| | - Prisca Xin Yi Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
| | - Tao Tao Magdeline Ng
- National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119275, Singapore;
| | - Hui Ting Chng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.T.C.); (S.X.); Tel.: +65-6601-1058 (H.T.C.)
| | - Shangzhe Xie
- Mandai Wildlife Group, Conservation, Research, and Veterinary Department, Singapore 259569, Singapore
- Correspondence: (H.T.C.); (S.X.); Tel.: +65-6601-1058 (H.T.C.)
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Piersma AH, Baker NC, Daston GP, Flick B, Fujiwara M, Knudsen TB, Spielmann H, Suzuki N, Tsaioun K, Kojima H. Pluripotent stem cell assays: Modalities and applications for predictive developmental toxicity. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100074. [PMID: 35633891 PMCID: PMC9130094 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides a review focused on embryonic stem cell-based models and their place within the landscape of alternative developmental toxicity assays. Against the background of the principles of developmental toxicology, the wide diversity of alternative methods using pluripotent stem cells developed in this area over the past half century is reviewed. In order to provide an overview of available models, a systematic scoping review was conducted following a published protocol with inclusion criteria, which were applied to select the assays. Critical aspects including biological domain, readout endpoint, availability of standardized protocols, chemical domain, reproducibility and predictive power of each assay are described in detail, in order to review the applicability and limitations of the platform in general and progress moving forward to implementation. The horizon of innovative routes of promoting regulatory implementation of alternative methods is scanned, and recommendations for further work are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldert H. Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - George P. Daston
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Burkhard Flick
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Michio Fujiwara
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Horst Spielmann
- Institute for Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Cell Science Group Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hajime Kojima
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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Chen YW, Diamante G, Ding J, Nghiem TX, Yang J, Ha SM, Cohn P, Arneson D, Blencowe M, Garcia J, Zaghari N, Patel P, Yang X. PharmOmics: A species- and tissue-specific drug signature database and gene-network-based drug repositioning tool. iScience 2022; 25:104052. [PMID: 35345455 PMCID: PMC8957031 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development has been hampered by a high failure rate in clinical trials due to our incomplete understanding of drug functions across organs and species. Therefore, elucidating species- and tissue-specific drug functions can provide insights into therapeutic efficacy, potential adverse effects, and interspecies differences necessary for effective translational medicine. Here, we present PharmOmics, a drug knowledgebase and analytical tool that is hosted on an interactive web server. Using tissue- and species-specific transcriptome data from human, mouse, and rat curated from different databases, we implemented a gene-network-based approach for drug repositioning. We demonstrate the potential of PharmOmics to retrieve known therapeutic drugs and identify drugs with tissue toxicity using in silico performance assessment. We further validated predicted drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. By combining tissue- and species-specific in vivo drug signatures with gene networks, PharmOmics serves as a complementary tool to support drug characterization and network-based medicine. Development of PharmOmics, a platform for drug repositioning and toxicity prediction Contains >18000 species/tissue-specific gene signatures for 941 drugs and chemicals Benchmarked and validated network-based drug repositioning and toxicity prediction PharmOmics is freely accessible via an online web server to facilitate user access
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wei Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thien Xuan Nghiem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sung-Min Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Cohn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Douglas Arneson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Garcia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nima Zaghari
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author
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Atta AH, Atta SA, Nasr SM, Mouneir SM. Current perspective on veterinary drug and chemical residues in food of animal origin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15282-15302. [PMID: 34981398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The marked increase in the demand for animal protein of high quality necessitates protecting animals from infectious diseases. This requires increasing the use of veterinary therapeutics. The overuse and misuse of veterinary products can cause a risk to human health either as short-term or long-term health problems. However, the biggest problem is the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria or parasites. This is in addition to economic losses due to the discarding of polluted milk or condemnation of affected carcasses. This paper discusses three key points: possible sources of drug and chemical residues, human health problems, and the possible method of control and prevention of veterinary drug residues in animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia H Atta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Atta
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Soad M Nasr
- Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Radeva-llieva M, Stoeva S, Hvarchanova N, Zhelev I, Georgiev KD. Influence of methylxanthines isolated from Bancha green tea on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in rats. Daru 2022; 30:75-84. [PMID: 35146639 PMCID: PMC9114228 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension and is metabolized in the liver mainly by CYP3A4, thus co-administration with drugs or herbal extracts that affect CYP3A4 activity may lead to drug-drug or drug-herb interactions, respectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of single and multiple oral doses of methylxanthine fraction, isolated from Bancha green tea leaves on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in rats. METHODS Rats were given sildenafil alone as well as simultaneously with methylxanthines or ketoconazole. The plasma concentrations of sildenafil were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters of sildenafil were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS Concomitant use of sildenafil with a single oral dose of methylxanthines resulted in a decrease in Cmax (p > 0.05), AUC0-t (p < 0.05) and AUC0-inf (p < 0.05), while the administration of sildenafil after methylxanthines pretreatment resulted in an increase in Cmax (p < 0.0001), AUC0-t (p < 0.0001) and AUC0-inf (p < 0.001) compared to the sildenafil group. After co-administration of sildenafil and ketoconazole, a significant increase in Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf was observed in both of the experiments. CONCLUSION Drug-herb interactions were observed when sildenafil was co-administered with Bancha methylxanthines in rats. Further in vivo studies about the potential drug interactions between sildenafil and methylxanthines, especially caffeine, are needed to clarify mechanisms underlying the observed changes in sildenafil pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Radeva-llieva
- grid.20501.360000 0000 8767 9052Department of Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 84 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stanila Stoeva
- grid.20501.360000 0000 8767 9052Department of Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 84 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Hvarchanova
- grid.20501.360000 0000 8767 9052Department of Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 84 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Iliya Zhelev
- grid.20501.360000 0000 8767 9052Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 84 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan D. Georgiev
- grid.20501.360000 0000 8767 9052Department of Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 84 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Lees P, Bäumer W, Toutain PL. The Decline and Fall of Materia Medica and the Rise of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:777809. [PMID: 35127879 PMCID: PMC8810541 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Materia Medica is a Latin term, relating to the history of pharmacy. It describes the sources (vegetable, animal and mineral), nature, preparation, and properties of substances or mixtures of substances, which were used as remedies for the treatment of diseases. Bourgelat authored the first veterinary Materia Medica book. This review describes the evolution and ultimate downfall of Materia Medica concepts and practices. Its survival for more than two millennia reflected the impact of religion and dogmas on therapy. The consignment of Materia Medica to history was signified by publication of the first modern book of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics by Meyer Jones in 1953. Previously, the dominance of Materia Medica was linked to an hippiatry culture, which was shared with farriers and quacks. The Pasteurian and pharmacological revolutions of the second half of the nineteenth century led to its gradual abandonment. This review explains why the existence of authentically active substances, such as opioid analgesics, cardiotonics and general anesthetics either were not used for those actions or were badly prescribed, in part because of historical precedence and in part from lack of pathophysiological knowledge to justify rational use. The modern concept of dosage, in particular inter-species differences, was not understood. There were also major dogmas, supporting false indications, such as failure to recognize pain as a symptom to be treated, whereas inflammation was only a disease symptom involving excess of activity of the blood system, which had to be vigorously addressed by bleeding and purging. This review covers a well-defined period, ranging from Bourgelat, who wrote the first book of Materia Medica for veterinary studies to the first edition of Meyer Jones textbook in 1953, which marked the end of Materia Medica and the beginning of pharmacology in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Louis Toutain
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Bello A, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. The influence of the site of drug administration on florfenicol pharmacokinetics in turkeys. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101536. [PMID: 34784513 PMCID: PMC8591492 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used in the treatment of farm animals, including poultry. This drug is poorly soluble in water, therefore, administration in drinking water may lead to high variability of concentrations in treated individuals. The use of injection preparations, however, requires individual administration and may have a negative effect on the quality of the carcass. In addition, the renal portal system in birds may reduce the bioavailability of the drug administered in the caudofemoral region of the body. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in turkeys after a single intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Additionally, to evaluate the effect of renal portal system on drug kinetics, the intramuscular administration was divided into pectoral and caudofemoral administration. The study showed that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was similar regardless of the route of administration. The mean values for clearance and volume of distribution were 0.33 L/kg/h and 0.92 L/kg, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) was 2.87 h for an intravenous bolus, while for the extravascular administrations it was approx. 5.5 h. The elimination half-life was approx. 4 h regardless of the route of administration. The maximum plasma concentration did not differ statistically between intramuscular (approx. 6.8 mg/L) and subcutaneous (8.2 mg/L) administrations, while the time to appear for this concentration was the longest for caudofemoral administration (1.5 h). The bioavailability was 88.64% for subcutaneous administration, 77.95% for pectoral administration and 85.30% for caudofemoral administration. Overall, all 3 routes of extravascular administration allowed for efficient drug absorption. There was no evidence of an influence of the renal portal system on the kinetic parameters of the drug administered to the lower extremities of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland
| | - B Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland..
| | - A Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland
| | - M Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland
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Xie S, Trott DJ, Saputra S, Ebrahimie E, Dehcheshmeh MM, Page C, Woodward N, Griffiths N, Kimble B, Govendir M. Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on the faecal microbiome of a single dose of pradofloxacin oral suspension in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:203-212. [PMID: 34897751 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are often administered to pet rabbits given their perceived safety and limited effects on anaerobic gut microbiota. However, the pharmacokinetics and relative safety of pradofloxacin, a third-generation veterinary fluoroquinolone with a much broader spectrum of activity, have not been reported in this species. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of oral pradofloxacin in rabbits and evaluated effects on the faecal microbiome. Four mature female rabbits were administered pradofloxacin (25 mg/ml oral suspension), at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The pradofloxacin median (range) Tmax was 4.50 (2.00-5.00) h, Cmax 600.66 (395.85-886.72) ng/ml and t½ was 1.27 (0.12-1.39) h. These results indicated that oral absorption of pradofloxacin was slower, and elimination faster compared with other fluoroquinolones in healthy rabbits, as well as relative to cats and dogs. Following treatment with pradofloxacin, faecal microbiota profiling showed some compositional differences between treated and control animals. This was the result of a significant decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria, in particular bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas, Atopostipes and Parabacteroides genera. The pharmacokinetic profile of pradofloxacin in rabbits should be further studied by increasing the sample size and using multiple-dose protocols (i.e. 7 days) to confirm safety. Further information on the effects of protein binding, higher dosages and disease on pradofloxacin pharmacokinetics in rabbits are needed before an accurate dosing regimen can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhe Xie
- Mandai Wildlife Group, Singapore, Singapore.,Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,La Trobe Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Page
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Nicola Woodward
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Neil Griffiths
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Félix L, Correia R, Sequeira R, Ribeiro C, Monteiro S, Antunes L, Silva J, Venâncio C, Valentim A. MS-222 and Propofol Sedation during and after the Simulated Transport of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34943224 PMCID: PMC8698739 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of anesthetics has been suggested as a strategy to hamper live fish transport-induced stress. Still, there is insufficient data available on the use of alternative anesthetics to MS-222. This study investigated the use of propofol to mitigate stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, 143.8 ± 20.9 g and 20.4 ± 0.9 cm) during a 6 h simulated transport. Individuals (n = 7) were divided into three groups: control, 40 mg L-1 MS-222, and 0.8 mg L-1 propofol. A naïve group non-transported was also considered. During the 6 h transport and 24 h after, the response to external stimuli, opercular movements, water quality parameters, behavior, blood hematology and other physiological values, the histopathology of the gills, the quality of the fillet, and oxidative-stress changes in gills, muscle, brain, and liver were evaluated. Propofol increased swimming activity of fish but decreased opercular movements and responses to external stimuli, indicating oscillations of the sedation depth. Water pH and glucose levels increased, while hematocrit (HCT) and lactate decreased in propofol groups at 6 h. At this time-point, MS-222 also induced a decrease in the HCT and lactate levels while increasing cortisol levels. Despite these effects, the stress-related behaviors lessened with anesthetics compared to the control group. After the recovery period, physiological responses normalized in animals from both anesthetic groups, but the control still had high cortisol levels. Overall, propofol is a good alternative for the transportation of this species, showing efficient sedation without compromising health or fillet quality. However, further pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics knowledge is required to support its use in aquaculture settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Félix
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Universidade of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory Animal Science, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Correia
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Rita Sequeira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Cristiana Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - José Silva
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Valentim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Universidade of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory Animal Science, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Cetin G, Corum O, Corum DD, Atik O, Altan F, Turk E, Tekeli IO, Faki HE, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous meloxicam, ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid in chukar partridge ( Alectoris chukar). Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:14-20. [PMID: 34633873 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1990211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX, 1 mg/kg body weight (BW)), ketoprofen (KETO, 2 mg/kg BW), and tolfenamic acid (TA, 2 mg/kg BW) in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) following intravenous (IV) administration.2. Twenty-four healthy chukar partridges were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 8) as MLX, KETO and TA. Plasma concentrations of MLX, KETO and TA were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection and analysed using non-compartmental analysis.3. No adverse effects were determined in chukar partridges after IV administration of MLX, KETO and TA. MLX, KETO and TA were detected in plasma up to 10, 12 and 12 h, respectively. The terminal elimination half-life of MLX, KETO and TA was 1.22, 1.77 and 1.95 h, respectively. MLX, KETO and TA exhibited volumes of distribution at a steady-state of 0.03, 0.23 and 0.41 l/kg BW, respectively. The total plasma clearance of MLX, KETO and TA was 0.02, 0.11 and 0.15 l/h/kg, respectively. The extraction ratios for MLX, KETO and TA were calculated as 0.002, 0.011 and 0.016, respectively.4. MLX, KETO and TA offer treatment in chukar partridges for various conditions with an absence of adverse reactions and properties such as short elimination half-life and low volume of distribution. However, there is a need to establish the safety and adverse effects of repeated administration, pharmacokinetics of other administration routes and pharmacological efficacy of MLX, KETO and TA in chukar partridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - O Corum
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - D D Corum
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - O Atik
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - F Altan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - E Turk
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - I O Tekeli
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - H E Faki
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - K Uney
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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46
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Corum O, Terzi E, Durna Corum D, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock following intravascular, intramuscular, and oral administrations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:213-219. [PMID: 34778976 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam were investigated after single intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral dose of 1 mg/kg in rainbow trout broodstock at 11 ± 1.2°C. A total of 36 healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock weighing 1.40 ± 0.26 kg was used for the investigation. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. The elimination half-life for IV, IM, and oral routes was 3.63, 4.55, and 2.95 h, respectively. The IV route for meloxicam showed the total clearance of 0.05 L/h/kg and volume of distribution at a steady state of 0.20 L/kg. The peak plasma concentration was 2.97 μg/ml for the IM route and 0.84 μg/ml for the oral route. The bioavailability was 78.45% for the IM route and 21.48% for the oral route. Meloxicam following IM and oral administration displayed short t1/2ʎz . The short t1/2ʎz could be an advantage for the short-term use in acute conditions. The IM route with the good bioavailability can be preferred for the treatment of various conditions. However, developing new oral formulations with the good bioavailability for meloxicam is necessary to minimize stress and trauma through minimal handling in rainbow trout broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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47
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Corum O, Uney K, Durna Corum D, Atik O, Coskun D, Zhunushova A, Elmas M. Effect of ketoprofen on intravenous pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:126-132. [PMID: 34719792 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ketoprofen (2 mg/kg) on the intravenous pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir (10 mg/kg) in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Eight clinically healthy partridges were used in the study. The study was performed in two periods using a cross-over design following a 15-day drug washout period. Plasma concentrations of ganciclovir were determined using the high-pressure liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector and analyzed by non-compartmental analysis. The elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞ ), total body clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state of ganciclovir were 1.63 h, 33.22 h*μg/ml, 0.30 L/h/kg, and 0.53 L/kg, respectively. Ketoprofen administration increased the t1/2ʎz and AUC0-∞ of ganciclovir by 78% and 108%, respectively, and while decreased ClT by 53%. The increased plasma concentration and prolonged elimination half-life of ganciclovir caused by ketoprofen may result in the prolonged duration of action and therapeutic effect of ganciclovir. However, the concomitant use requires determination of the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen and the safety of both drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Orkun Atik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Aidai Zhunushova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Muammer Elmas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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48
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Elbadawy M, Soliman A, Abugomaa A, Alkhedaide A, Soliman MM, Aboubakr M. Disposition of Cefquinome in Turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo) Following Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111804. [PMID: 34834219 PMCID: PMC8622898 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in turkeys of cefquinome (CFQ), a broad-spectrum 4th-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, were explored after a single injection of 2 mg/kg body weight by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes. In a crossover design and 3-weeks washout interval, seven turkeys were assigned for this objective. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various time intervals following each administration. The concentration of CFQ in plasma was measured using HPLC with a UV detector set at 266 nm. For pharmacokinetic analysis, non-compartmental methods have been applied. Following IV administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz), distribution volume at steady state (Vdss), and total body clearance (Cltot) of CFQ were 1.55 h, 0.54 L/kg, and 0.32 L/h/kg, respectively. Following the IM administration, CFQ was speedily absorbed with an absorption half-life (t1/2ab) of 0.25 h, a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 2.71 μg/mL, attained (Tmax) at 0.56 h. The bioavailability (F) and in vitro plasma protein binding of CFQ were 95.56% and 11.5%, respectively. Results indicated that CFQ was speedily absorbed with a considerable bioavailability after IM administration. In conclusion, CFQ has a favorable disposition in turkeys that can guide to estimate optimum dosage regimes and eventually lead to its usage to eradicate turkey's susceptible bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalioubiya, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (A.A.); Tel.: +81-90-2076-8122 (M.E.); +81-90-1238-1298 (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (A.A.); Tel.: +81-90-2076-8122 (M.E.); +81-90-1238-1298 (A.A.)
| | - Adel Alkhedaide
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalioubiya, Egypt;
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49
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Smith JS, Mochel JP, Soto-Gonzalez WM, Rahn RR, Fayne BN, Escher OG, Geletka AM, Harvill LE, Bergman JB, Cox S. Pharmacokinetics of Pantoprazole and Pantoprazole Sulfone in Goats After Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Report. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:744813. [PMID: 34631865 PMCID: PMC8492921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ruminant species are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for anti-ulcer therapies, such as the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole, in goats. Objective: The primary study objective was to estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in adult goats after intravenous administration. A secondary objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone, in goats. Methods: Pantoprazole was administered intravenously to six adult goats at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected over 36h and analyzed via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for determination of pantoprazole and pantoprazole sulfone concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Results: Plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 0.345 mL/kg/min, 0.7 h, and 0.9 L/kg, respectively following IV administration. The maximum concentration, elimination half-life and area under the curve of pantoprazole sulfone were estimated at 0.1 μg/mL, 0.8 h, and 0.2 hr*μg/mL, respectively. The global extraction ratio was estimated 0.00795 ± 0.00138. All animals had normal physical examinations after conclusion of the study. Conclusion: The reported plasma clearance for pantoprazole is lower than reported for foals, calves, and alpacas. The elimination half-life appears to be < that reported for foals and calves. Future pharmacodynamic studies are necessary for determination of the efficacy of pantoprazole on acid suppression in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe S Smith
- Systems Modeling and Reverse Translational Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Systems Modeling and Reverse Translational Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Windy M Soto-Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca R Rahn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Bryanna N Fayne
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Olivia G Escher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Anastasia M Geletka
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lainey E Harvill
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Joan B Bergman
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sherry Cox
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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50
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Mohyuddin R, Dietrichs ES, Sundaram P, Kondratiev T, Figenschou MF, Sieck GC, Tveita T. Cardiovascular Effects of Epinephrine During Experimental Hypothermia (32°C) With Spontaneous Circulation in an Intact Porcine Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718667. [PMID: 34552506 PMCID: PMC8450451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Rewarming from accidental hypothermia and therapeutic temperature management could be complicated by cardiac dysfunction. Although pharmacologic support is often applied when rewarming these patients, updated treatment recommendations are lacking. There is an underlying deficiency of clinical and experimental data to support such interventions and this prevents the development of clinical guidelines. Accordingly, we explored the clinical effects of epinephrine during hypothermic conditions. Materials and methods: Anesthetized pigs were immersion cooled to 32°C. Predetermined variables were compared at temperature/time-point baseline, after receiving 30 ng/kg/min and 90 ng/kg/min epinephrine infusions: (1) before and during hypothermia at 32°C, and after rewarming to 38°C (n = 7) and (2) a time-matched (5 h) normothermic control group (n = 5). Results: At 32°C, both stroke volume and cardiac output were elevated after 30 ng/kg/min administration, while systemic vascular resistance was reduced after 90 ng/kg/min. Epinephrine infusion did not alter blood flow in observed organs, except small intestine flow, and global O2 extraction rate was significantly reduced in response to 90 ng/kg/min infusion. Electrocardiographic measurements were unaffected by epinephrine infusion. Conclusion: Administration of both 30 ng/kg/min and 90 ng/kg/min at 32°C had a positive inotropic effect and reduced afterload. We found no evidence of increased pro-arrhythmic activity after epinephrine infusion in hypothermic pigs. Our experiment therefore suggests that β₁-receptor stimulation with epinephrine could be a favorable strategy for providing cardiovascular support in hypothermic patients, at core temperatures >32°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mohyuddin
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Predip Sundaram
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Timofey Kondratiev
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie Fjellanger Figenschou
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Surgical Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Torkjel Tveita
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Surgical Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
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