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Safiri S, Hassanzadeh K, Ghaffari Jolfayi A, Mousavi SE, Motlagh Asghari K, Nejadghaderi SA, Naghdi-Sedeh N, Noori M, Sullman MJM, Collins GS, Kolahi AA. Kidney cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019). Sci Rep 2024; 14:13710. [PMID: 38877130 PMCID: PMC11178886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer, a type of urogenital cancer, imposes a high burden on patients. Despite this, no recent research has evaluated the burden of this type of cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study explored the burden of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019 according to age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data was utilized to estimate the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by kidney cancer. These estimates were reported as counts and as age-standardised rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The estimated age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of kidney cancer in 2019 were 3.2 (2.8-3.6), 1.4 (1.2-1.6), and 37.2 (32.0-42.6) per 100,000, respectively. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, these rates have increased by 98.0%, 48.9%, and 37.7%, respectively. In 2019, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Lebanon had the largest age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. The smallest age-standardised incidence rates were seen in Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic. Additionally, the smallest age-standardised mortality and DALY rates were observed in the Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen, and Morocco. The highest incidence rates were found among individuals aged 75-79 in both males and females. In 2019, the MENA/Global DALY ratio exceeded one for females aged 5-19 age and males aged 5-14, compared to 1990age groups in males. The burden of kidney cancer consistently rose with increasing SDI levels from 1990 to 2019. The increasing burden of kidney cancer highlights the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving early diagnosis and treatment in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Kamaleddin Hassanzadeh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kimia Motlagh Asghari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Naghdi-Sedeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Campi R, Rebez G, Klatte T, Roussel E, Ouizad I, Ingels A, Pavan N, Kara O, Erdem S, Bertolo R, Capitanio U, Mir MC. Effect of smoking, hypertension and lifestyle factors on kidney cancer - perspectives for prevention and screening programmes. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:669-681. [PMID: 37328546 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has doubled over the past few decades. However, death rates have remained stable as the number of incidental renal mass diagnoses peaked. RCC has been recognized as a European health care issue, but to date, no screening programmes have been introduced. Well-known modifiable risk factors for RCC are smoking, obesity and hypertension. A direct association between cigarette consumption and increased RCC incidence and RCC-related death has been reported, but the underlying mechanistic pathways for this association are still unclear. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of RCC, but interestingly, improved survival outcomes have been reported in obese patients, a phenomenon known as the obesity paradox. Data on the association between other modifiable risk factors such as diet, dyslipidaemia and physical activity with RCC incidence are conflicting, and potential mechanisms underlying these associations remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Campi
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Rebez
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Eduard Roussel
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Idir Ouizad
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Ingels
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nicola Pavan
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Onder Kara
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Erdem
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Mir
- Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands.
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Ribera, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Schouten LJ, van de Pol J, Kviatkovsky MJ, van den Brandt PA. Reproductive and external hormonal factors and the risk of renal cell cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79:102171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer: a critical review of available evidence and perspective. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1005-1015. [PMID: 32371788 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
: The issue of a potential danger of antihypertensive drugs related to cancer susceptibility is currently generating a major debate in the scientific community, concerns in the public and emphasized interest from the media. The present article is a thorough review of what is known on the various classes of antihypertensive drugs concerning the risk of developing different neoplasms and about the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms, whenever available. The main limitations of evidence derived from studies currently available in this setting are also discussed, high-lightening the need for newly developed approaches to generate more accurate recommendations and informed advice for physicians.
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5
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Rehman MYA, Taqi MM, Hussain I, Nasir J, Rizvi SHH, Syed JH. Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42405-42423. [PMID: 32875453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
- Business Unit Environmental Resources and Technologies, Center for Energy, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Haider Rizvi
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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6
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Bladder, penile, renal pelvis and testis cancers: A population based analysis of incidence and survival 1977-2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 65:101692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Xie Y, Xu P, Wang M, Zheng Y, Tian T, Yang S, Deng Y, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Hao Q, Song D, Zhang D, Dai Z. Antihypertensive medications are associated with the risk of kidney and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1545-1562. [PMID: 31968309 PMCID: PMC7053620 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the use of antihypertensive medications may influence the incidence of bladder/kidney cancer, with some scholars refuting any such association. Hence, a systematic review is needed to verify this linkage. we comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for original studies reporting a relationship between antihypertensive medications and risk of bladder/kidney cancer. We included 31 articles comprising 3,352,264 participants. We found a significant association between the risk of kidney cancer and any antihypertensive medications use (relative risk (RR) = 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.75), as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.22-1.37), beta-blockers (RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66), calcium-channel blockers (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54-1.78) and diuretics (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.51). In case of bladder cancer, a statistical significance was observed with the use of ARB (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) but not with the other antihypertensive medications. There was a linear association between the duration of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer (P = 0.061 for a non-linear trend) and the pooled RR for the per year increase in antihypertensive medications duration of use was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Our results indicate that there is a significant association between each class of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer, and this trend presented as a positive linear association. Furthermore, the use of ARB has been linked to the risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Seretis A, Cividini S, Markozannes G, Tseretopoulou X, Lopez DS, Ntzani EE, Tsilidis KK. Association between blood pressure and risk of cancer development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8565. [PMID: 31189941 PMCID: PMC6561976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of renal cell carcinoma, studies assessing the association between hypertension and other cancers are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess this evidence. We included observational studies investigating the association between any definition of hypertension or systolic and diastolic blood pressure and risk of any cancer, after searching PubMed until November 2017. We calculated summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using inverse-variance weighted random effects methods. A total of 148 eligible publications were identified out of 39,891 initially screened citations. Considering only evidence from 85 prospective studies, positive associations were observed between hypertension and kidney, colorectal and breast cancer. Positive associations between hypertension and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, liver and endometrial cancer were also observed, but the majority of studies did not perform comprehensive multivariable adjustments. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with risk of kidney cancer but not with other cancers. In addition to the previously well-described association between hypertension and risk of kidney cancer, the current meta-analysis suggested that hypertensive individuals may also be at higher risk of colorectal and breast cancer. However, careful interpretation is required as most meta-analyses included relatively small number of studies, several relative risks had weak or moderate magnitude and maybe affected by residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Seretis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Xanthippi Tseretopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David S Lopez
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evangelia E Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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9
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Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A. Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors - Review of the Literature. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:63-78. [PMID: 30617760 PMCID: PMC7109141 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advance in oncology leads to increasing survival of oncologic patients. More and more of them live long enough to reach either the natural age of menopause or, as a side effect of their oncotherapy, experience the cessation of gonadal function, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency, with disturbing vasomotor symtoms and long-term negative cardiovascular and skeletal effects. Thus, an ever increasing number of cancer survivors search endocrinologic help in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The misinterpretation of the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) Study has lead to an irrational fear of female hormone replacement, both by the general population and medical professionals. It has seemed the logical and safe conclusion to many physicians to avoid HRT, supposing that this attitude definitely causes no harm, whereas the decision of prescribing estrogen alone or with progestins might bear oncologic and thromboembolic risks and may even lead to litigation in case of a potentially related complication. However, it was known even before the WHI results that premature menopause and hypogonadism decreases the life expectancy of women by years through its skeletal and cardiovascular effects, and this negative effect correlates with the length of the hypoestrogenaemic period. Therefore, the denial of HRT also needs to be supported by evidence and should be weighed againts the risks of HRT. Yet, the oncologic risk of HRT is extremely difficult to assess. In this work we review the latest evidence from in vitro experiments to clinical studies, regarding HRT in survivors of gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancers. Based on our literature research, we group tumours regarding the oncologic risk of properly chosen female hormone replacement therapy in cancer survivors as follows: ’HRT is advanageous’ (e.g. endometrial cancer type I, cervical adenocarcinoma, haematologic malignancies, local cutaneous malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer); ’HRT is neutral’ (e.g. BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers without cancer, endometrial cancer type II, uterinal carcinosarcoma and adenosarcoma, certain types of ovarian cancer, cervical, vaginal and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, prolactinoma, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer); ’HRT is relatively contraindicated’ for various reasons (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, certain types of ovarian tumours, brain tumours, advanced metastatic malignant melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer); ’HRT is diasadvantageous and thus contraindicated’ (e.g. breast cancer, endometrial stroma sarcoma, meningioma, glioma, hormone receptor positive gastric and bladder cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Deli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Orosz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Jakab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Patašius A, Ulytė A, Ulys A, Smailytė G. Trends in the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in Lithuania from 1993 to 2012. Acta Med Litu 2019; 25:151-160. [PMID: 30842704 PMCID: PMC6392605 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v25i3.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this paper is to analyse trends of kidney cancer incidence and mortality in Lithuania during the period of 1993 to 2012 using joinpoint regression models with special attention to changes in the distribution of stages. Materials and methods. The study was based on all cases of kidney cancer reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry between 1993 and 2012. Age group-specific rates and standardized rates were calculated for each sex, using the direct method (world standard population). The joinpoint regression model was used to provide the estimated annual percentage change and to detect points in time where significant changes in the trends occur. Results. During the study period the age-standardized incidence rates increased from 16.89/100,000 in 1993 to 27.77/100,000 in 2012 in males, and from 7.95/100,000 to 13.44/100,000 in females. During this period, annual percentage changes in the age-standardized rates were 2.33% and 1.81% for males and females, respectively. The joinpoint analysis by stage of disease showed the highest increase in stage I kidney cancer, with statistically significant trend change in 2002 for males and in 2001 for females. During the study period, age-standardized mortality rates decreased from 10.42/100,000 in 1993 to 8.96/100,000 in 2012 in males, and from 4.54/100,000 to 3.9/100,000 in females. Conclusions. The kidney cancer incidence rate in Lithuania rose during the period of 1993 to 2012. The detailed analysis by stage showed the most significant increase in organ-confined incidence of kidney cancer. A stable mortality trend for males and a decreasing mortality trend for females along with increased incidence of early stage kidney cancer indicate that both earlier detection and modern treatment modalities may contribute to the reduction of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnė Ulytė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Kidney stones and the risk of renal cell carcinoma and upper tract urothelial carcinoma: the Netherlands Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:368-374. [PMID: 30563989 PMCID: PMC6353869 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association between kidney stones and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. Methods In total, 120,852 participants aged 55–69 completed a self-administered questionnaire on diet, medical conditions and other risk factors for cancer at baseline (1986). After 20.3 years of cancer follow-up 4352 subcohort members, 544 RCC cases and 140 UTUC cases were eligible for case-cohort analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards models. Results Kidney stones were associated with an increased RCC risk (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.05–1.84), vs. no kidney stones. Kidney stones were associated with an increased risk of papillary RCC (HR: 3.08, 95% CI 1.55–6.11), but not clear-cell RCC (HR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.79–1.65). UTUC risk was increased for participants with kidney stones (HR: 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.68). No heterogeneity of associations was found for UTUC in the ureter and renal pelvis. An early kidney stone diagnosis (≤40 years) was associated with an increased RCC and UTUC risk, compared to later diagnosis. Conclusion Kidney stones were associated with increased papillary RCC risk, but not clear-cell RCC risk. No heterogeneity was found for UTUC subtypes.
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12
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Nayan M, Juurlink DN, Austin PC, Macdonald EM, Finelli A, Kulkarni GS, Hamilton RJ. Medication use and kidney cancer risk: A population-based study. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:203-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Colt JS, Hofmann JN, Schwartz K, Chow WH, Graubard BI, Davis F, Ruterbusch J, Berndt S, Purdue MP. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:289-297. [PMID: 28224412 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of antihypertensive medications has been associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it is unclear whether specific types of medications increase RCC risk independent of the effect of hypertension, or whether the association varies by histologic subtype. To address this question, we analyzed data from a U.S. population-based case-control study of RCC. METHODS We collected information on participants' use of drugs to treat hypertension, heart problems, weight control, and swelling. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each of four major drug classes, separately for participants with (643 cases, 443 controls) and without (500 cases, 718 controls) a history of hypertension, using unconditional logistic and polytomous regression models. RESULTS None of the antihypertensive drug types was associated with RCC overall. Among participants with a history of hypertension, papillary RCC was associated with long-term use of diuretics (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.7 for 16+ years, 16 cases, 31 controls; P-trend = 0.014) and calcium channel blockers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1-7.4 for 16+ years, 8 cases, 14 controls; P-trend = 0.18), while corresponding ORs for clear cell RCC were weaker (ORs 0.9 and 1.5, respectively) and nonsignificant. The only significant finding among those with no hypertension history was an association between calcium channel blockers and papillary RCC (OR = 17.9, 95% CI = 5.9-54.5) that was based on small numbers (8 cases, 9 controls). There was little evidence of an association between RCC and use of ACE inhibitors or beta blockers. CONCLUSIONS Our study, while inconclusive for overall RCC, provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence supporting an association between antihypertensive medications and papillary RCC. These subtype-specific findings, although based on small numbers, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faith Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Julie Ruterbusch
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
The increasing incidence of RCC in most populations may in part be due to increasing numbers of incidentally detected cancers with new imaging methods. Further, the increase is not only limited to small local tumours but also includes more advanced tumours, which may to some part explain the still high mortality rates. The variation in incidence between populations may have several other explanations. Traditionally the starting point has included thoughts of environmental exposures, which so far have only in part explained the causes of RCC, by means of cigarette smoking and obesity, which may account for approximately 40% of cases in high-risk countries (Table 2). Further, the genetic variations may be of importance as a cause of the difference between populations. Continued research in RCC is needed with the knowledge that nearly 50% of patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. The further search for environmental exposures should take in account the knowledge that RCC consists of different types with specific genetic molecular characteristics. These genetic alterations have in some cases been suggested to be associated with specific exposures. Furthermore, there might exist a modulating effect of genetic polymorphisms among metabolic activation and detoxification enzymes. Hence, a further understanding of the genetic and molecular processes involved in RCC will hopefully give us a better knowledge how to analyse and interpret exposure associations that have importance for both initiation and progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lindblad
- Department of Urology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
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15
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Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, O'Corragain OA, Edmonds PJ, Ungprasert P, Kittanamongkolchai W, Erickson SB. The risk of kidney cancer in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM 2015; 108:205-12. [PMID: 25208892 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between a history of kidney stones and kidney cancer. METHODS A literature search was performed from inception until June 2014. Studies that reported odds ratios or hazard ratios comparing the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract in patients with the history of kidney stones versus those without the history of kidney stones were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULT Seven studies were included in our analysis to assess the association between a history of kidney stones and RCC. The pooled RR of RCC in patients with kidney stones was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.24-2.49). The subgroup analysis found that the history of kidney stones was associated with increased RCC risk only in males (RR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.11-1.80]), but not in females (RR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.86-1.49]). Five studies were selected to assess the association between a history of kidney stones and TCC. The pooled RR of TCC in patients with kidney stones was 2.14 (95% CI, 1.35-3.40). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a significant increased risk of RCC and TCC in patients with prior kidney stones. However, the increased risk of RCC was noted only in male patients. This finding suggests that a history of kidney stones is associated with kidney cancer and may impact clinical management and cancer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cheungpasitporn
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Thongprayoon
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - O A O'Corragain
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - P J Edmonds
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - P Ungprasert
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - W Kittanamongkolchai
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S B Erickson
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Narayanan S, Patel PH, Fan A, Srinivas S. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Épidémiologie et facteurs de risque des tumeurs de la voie excrétrice urinaire supérieure : revue de la littérature pour le rapport annuel de l’Association française d’urologie. Prog Urol 2014; 24:966-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Karami S, Daugherty SE, Purdue MP. Hysterectomy and kidney cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:405-10. [PMID: 23818138 PMCID: PMC3834077 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent cohort findings suggest that women who underwent a hysterectomy have an elevated relative risk of kidney cancer, although evidence from past studies has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies to summarize the epidemiologic evidence investigating hysterectomy and kidney cancer. Studies published from 1950 through 2012 were identified through a search of PubMed and of references from relevant publications. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hysterectomy, age at hysterectomy (<45, 45+ years) and time since hysterectomy (<10, 10+ years). The SRR for hysterectomy and kidney cancer for all published studies (seven cohort, six case-control) was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.16-1.43), with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity or publication bias. The summary effect was slightly weaker, although still significant, for cohorts (SRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.42) compared with case-control findings (1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.73) and was observed irrespective of age at hysterectomy, time since the procedure and model adjustment for body mass index, smoking status and hypertension. Women undergoing a hysterectomy have an approximate 30% increased relative risk of subsequent kidney cancer. Additional research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karami
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah E. Daugherty
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Chung SD, Liu SP, Lin HC. A population-based study on the association between urinary calculi and kidney cancer. Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E716-21. [PMID: 24282464 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a nationwide population-based dataset and case-control study design, we investigate the association between urinary calculi (UC) and kidney cancer (KC) in Taiwan. METHODS The data for this case-control study were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. The cases included 1308 incident patients pathologically diagnosed with KC. This study also used 6540 randomly selected subjects as controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the associations between KC and patients previously diagnosed with UC. RESULTS Of the sampled patients, 1262 (16.1 %) had previously been diagnosed with UC; 415 (31.7 % of the patients with KC) and 847 controls (13.0 % of patients without KC). After adjusting for monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level, hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, cystic kidney disease, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse, we found that patients with KC were likely to have been previously diagnosed with UC than controls (odds ratio [OR] 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.75-3.68, p < 0.001). In addition, the magnitude of the observed associations were stronger among females (females OR 3.59; 95% CI 2.87-4.48 vs. males OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.42-3.55) and transitional cell carcinoma patients (transitional cell carcinoma, OR 3.96; 95% CI 3.23-4.86 vs. renal cell carcinoma OR 2.76, 95% CI 2.31-3.29). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there is an association between KC and prior UC, especially in females and patients with transitional cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Dong Chung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban Ciao, Taipei, Taiwan; ; Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Guan HB, Wu QJ, Gong TT. Parity and kidney cancer risk: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2345-53. [PMID: 24108791 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0759-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported conflicting results between parity and kidney cancer risk. To our knowledge, a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the association between parity and kidney cancer has not been reported. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of published epidemiologic studies to summarize the evidence of this association. METHODS Relevant published studies of parity and kidney cancer were identified using MEDLINE (PubMed) database through end of June 2013. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Six prospective and eight case-control studies reported relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of kidney cancer associated with parity or parity number. Fixed- or random-effects models were used to estimate summary relative risk. RESULTS The summary relative risk of kidney cancer for the parity versus nulliparous was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10-1.36; Q = 12.41; P = 0.413; I(2) = 3.3%). In addition, significant association was also found for the highest versus lowest parity number, with summary RR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19-1.56; Q = 8.24; P = 0.766; I(2) = 0%). In the dose-response analysis, the summary per one live birth relative risk was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05-1.10; Q = 9.34; P = 0.500; I(2) = 0%), also indicating the positive effect of parity on kidney cancer risk. No evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity between subgroups was detected by meta-regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, findings from this meta-analysis suggest that ever parity and higher parity number is significantly associated with increased risk of kidney cancer. IMPACT The present results suggest a positive association between parity and kidney cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Guan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Epidemiology; and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Chiu HF, Kuo CC, Kuo HW, Lee IM, Yang CY. Parity, age at first birth and risk of death from kidney cancer: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Eur J Public Health 2013; 24:249-52. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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22
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Karami S, Daugherty SE, Schonfeld SJ, Park Y, Hollenbeck AR, Grubb RL, Hofmann JN, Chow WH, Purdue MP. Reproductive factors and kidney cancer risk in 2 US cohort studies, 1993-2010. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:1368-77. [PMID: 23624999 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental findings suggest that female hormonal and reproductive factors could influence kidney cancer development. To evaluate this association, we conducted analyses in 2 large prospective cohorts (the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (NIH-AARP), 1995-2006, and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), 1993-2010). Cohort-specific and aggregated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals relating reproductive factors and kidney cancer risk were computed by Cox regression. The analysis included 792 incident kidney cancer cases among 283,952 postmenopausal women. Women who had undergone a hysterectomy were at a significantly elevated kidney cancer risk in both NIH-AARP (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.50) and PLCO (hazard ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.88). Similar results were observed for both cohorts after analyses were restricted to women who had undergone a hysterectomy with or without an oophorectomy. For the NIH-AARP cohort, an inverse association was observed with increasing age at menarche (P for trend = 0.02) and increasing years of oral contraceptive use (P for trend = 0.02). No clear evidence of an association with parity or other reproductive factors was found. Our results suggest that hysterectomy is associated with increased risk of kidney cancer. The observed associations with age at menarche and oral contraceptive use warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karami
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Bosetti C, Rosato V, Polesel J, Levi F, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Tavani A, Zucchetto A, Franceschi S, Corrao G, Vecchia CL. Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer Risk in a Network of Case-Control Studies. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:643-51. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.676141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Jansen L, Below J, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M. Beta blocker use and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer 2012; 118:3911-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Patel PH, Srinivas S. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21858-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is increasingly diagnosed at an early stage in many countries, which likely contributes to the recent leveling of RCC mortality in the United States and many European countries. However, over all stages nearly 50% of the patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Smoking and obesity may account for approximately 40% of all incidental cases in high-risk countries. Besides obesity, rising prevalence of hypertension may play a growing role. Several other occupational and lifestyle factors may also affect the risk of RCC. Genetic variations may be an important factor in the differing incidence among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Colt JS, Schwartz K, Graubard BI, Davis F, Ruterbusch J, DiGaetano R, Purdue M, Rothman N, Wacholder S, Chow WH. Hypertension and risk of renal cell carcinoma among white and black Americans. Epidemiology 2011; 22:797-804. [PMID: 21881515 PMCID: PMC3188386 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3182300720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma and hypertension (a well-established renal cancer risk factor) are both more frequent among blacks than whites in the United States. The association between hypertension and renal cell carcinoma has not been examined in black Americans. We investigated the hypertension-renal cancer association by race, and we assessed the role of hypertension in the racial disparity of renal cancer incidence. METHODS Participants were enrolled in a population-based case-control study in Detroit and Chicago during 2002-2007 (number of cases: 843 whites, 358 blacks; number of controls: 707 whites, 519 blacks). Participants reported their history of hypertension and antihypertensive drug use. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for demographic characteristics, smoking, body mass index, and family history of cancer. RESULTS Hypertension doubled renal cancer risk (OR = 2.0 [CI = 1.7-2.5]) overall. For whites, the OR was 1.9 (CI = 1.5-2.4), whereas for blacks it was 2.8 (2.1-3.8) (P for interaction = 0.11). ORs increased with time after hypertension diagnosis (P for trend <0.001), reaching 4.1 (CI = 2.3-7.4) for blacks and 2.6 (CI = 1.7-4.1) for whites after 25 years. ORs for poorly controlled hypertension were 4.5 (CI = 2.3-8.8) for blacks and 2.1 (CI = 1.2-3.8) for whites. If these estimates correctly represent causal effects and if, hypothetically, hypertension could be prevented entirely among persons aged 50-79 years, the black/white disparity in renal cancer could be reversed among women and reduced by two-thirds among men. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension is a risk factor for renal cancer among both blacks and whites, and might explain a substantial portion of the racial disparity in renal cancer incidence. Preventing and controlling hypertension might reduce renal cancer incidence, adding to the known benefits of blood pressure control for heart disease and stroke reduction, particularly among blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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28
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Lemeshow S, Sørensen HT, Phillips G, Yang EV, Antonsen S, Riis AH, Lesinski GB, Jackson R, Glaser R. β-Blockers and survival among Danish patients with malignant melanoma: a population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:2273-9. [PMID: 21933972 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study whether use of β-blockers increases survival in patients with malignant melanoma because experimental data suggest that catecholamine hormones may be involved in stimulating the aggressiveness of malignant melanoma. METHODS A total of 4,179 patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma in Denmark with a median follow-up of 4.9 years and identified in the Danish Cancer Registry participated. Data on β-blocker use, comorbidity, and survival were obtained from medical and administrative databases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs for all-cause mortality with 95% CIs with adjustment for prognostic factors. RESULTS A total of 372 (8.9%) patients with malignant melanoma were treated with β-blockers within 90 days of melanoma diagnosis. The median β-blocker duration for exposure within 90 days of melanoma diagnosis, more than 90 days, and no prior exposure was 7.6, 1.4, and 0 years, respectively. The patients receiving β-blockers were older, had more comorbidities, and more cardiovascular and psychotropic drug user than the patients receiving no β-blockers prior to melanoma diagnosis. After adjustment for age and comorbidity index, the HR for melanoma death was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64-1.20) and for all-cause mortality was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.67-0.97). CONCLUSION Increased survival time of patients with melanoma receiving β-blockers suggests that this class of drugs may hold promise in treatment strategy for these patients. IMPACT The observations described here suggest that catecholamines may retard melanoma progression and that β-blockers may have unrecognized potential as a therapeutic intervention for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Lemeshow
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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29
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Purdue MP, Colt JS, Graubard B, Davis F, Ruterbusch JJ, Digaetano R, Karami S, Wacholder S, Schwartz K, Chow WH. A case-control study of reproductive factors and renal cell carcinoma among black and white women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1537-44. [PMID: 21866373 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among blacks than whites in the United States and has been associated with the frequency and timing of childbirth among women in some epidemiologic studies. We investigated whether reproductive factors are associated with RCC, overall and by race, within a population-based case-control study. METHODS Between 2002 and 2007, 497 female cases of incident RCC (136 black, 361 white) and 546 female controls (273 black, 273 white) within the Detroit and Chicago metropolitan areas were enrolled. Information on reproductive history and other factors was collected through in-person interviews. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Reduced RCC risk was observed among women aged ≥30 years at first live birth, relative to an age of <20 years (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). This association was present among both white (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and, though not statistically significant, black women (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.8). In analyses restricted to clear cell adenocarcinoma, the most common RCC histological subtype, the association was particularly strong (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.8). We did not observe clear evidence of association with RCC for other reproductive factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further support an association between late maternal age at first birth and reduced RCC risk, and suggest that the association may be particularly strong for clear cell adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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30
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Tumeurs des voies excrétrices urinaires supérieures sporadiques : identification de l’interaction entre l’exposition aux carcinogènes environnementaux et la susceptibilité génétique des individus. Prog Urol 2010; 20:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Lipworth L, Tarone RE, Lund L, McLaughlin JK. Epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for renal cell cancer. Clin Epidemiol 2009; 1:33-43. [PMID: 20865085 PMCID: PMC2943168 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of renal cell cancer, which accounts for 85% of kidney cancers, have been rising in the United States and in most European countries for several decades. Family history is associated with a two- to four-fold increase in risk, but the major forms of inherited predisposition together account for less than 4% of renal cell cancers. Cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension are the most consistently established risk factors. Analgesics have not been convincingly linked with renal cell cancer risk. A reduced risk of renal cell cancer among statin users has been hypothesized but has not been adequately studied. A possible protective effect of fruit and vegetable consumption is the only moderately consistently reported dietary finding, and, with the exception of a positive association with parity, evidence for a role of hormonal or reproductive factors in the etiology of renal cell cancer in humans is limited. A recent hypothesis that moderate levels of alcohol consumption may be protective for renal cell cancer is not strongly supported by epidemiologic results, which are inconsistent with respect to the categories of alcohol consumption and the amount of alcohol intake reportedly associated with decreased risk. For occupational factors, the weight of the evidence does not provide consistent support for the hypotheses that renal cell cancer may be caused by asbestos, gasoline, or trichloroethylene exposure. The established determinants of renal cell cancer, cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension, account for less than half of these cancers. Novel epidemiologic approaches, including evaluation of gene–environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms of inherited and acquired increased risk, are needed to explain the increasing incidence of renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Lipworth
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Moore LE, Wilson RT, Campleman SL. Lifestyle Factors, Exposures, Genetic Susceptibility, and Renal Cell Cancer Risk: A Review. Cancer Invest 2009; 23:240-55. [PMID: 15945510 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-200055962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant kidney tumors account for approximately 2% of all new primary cancer cases diagnosed in the United States, with an estimated 30,000 cases occurring annually. Although a variety of agents, chemical and biological, have been implicated as causal agents in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the etiology remains enigmatic. The strongest association has been developed between cigarette smoking and renal cancer however consistent, positive associations between RCC and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have also been reported. In addition, more recent investigations of familial kidney cancer syndromes indicate that a strong genetic component contributes to RCC development. Several genes have been identified through investigation of familial kidney cancer syndromes. This review article describes recent trends in RCC incidence and the currently identifiable etiological causes that account for approximately half of the RCC cases diagnoses. The remainder of this review then focuses on additional risk factors that have thus far not been well examined but may be helpful in explaining the increasing incidence trends and the geographic or racial variation observed nationally and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Moore
- Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Setiawan VW, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE. Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of renal cell cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:337-40. [PMID: 19124517 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship between female reproductive and menstrual factors, including exogenous hormone use, and renal cell cancer (RCC) has been hypothesized, but supporting epidemiologic evidence is limited and inconsistent. Here, the association of reproductive and menstrual factors with RCC risk was examined among 106,036 Hawaii-Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort female participants who entered the cohort between 1993 and 1996. During an average 10.6 years of follow-up, 229 RCC cases were identified among these women. Data on known and potential risk factors were obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for RCC associated with each factor were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models stratified by race/ethnicity, study center, and menopausal status and adjusted for age and several confounding factors. We found no evidence of association between RCC and parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, age and type of menopause (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy), use and duration of oral contraceptive, and type and duration of postmenopausal hormone use. Our results do not support the hypothesis that hormone-related factors play an etiologic role in RCC among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harlyne Norris Cancer Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517G, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Brennan P, van der Hel O, Moore LE, Zaridze D, Matveev V, Holcatova I, Janout V, Kollarova H, Foretova L, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Rothman N, Boffetta P, Chow WH. Tobacco smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and kidney cancer risk in central and eastern Europe. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1912-5. [PMID: 19034282 PMCID: PMC2600689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a case–control study of kidney cancer in four central European countries, with 1097 incident cases and 1476 controls, we found an increased risk for self-reported hypertension and for obesity. Additional unknown risk factors are likely to be responsible for the high rates of kidney cancer in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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Zucchetto A, Talamini R, Dal Maso L, Negri E, Polesel J, Ramazzotti V, Montella M, Canzonieri V, Serraino D, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S. Reproductive, menstrual, and other hormone-related factors and risk of renal cell cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2213-6. [PMID: 18711701 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A role of hormone-related factors in renal cell cancer (RCC) etiology has been hypothesized, but the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive, menstrual and other gender-specific variables on RCC risk among women. This study is part of a larger hospital-based, case-control study on RCC risk, conducted in northern, central and southern Italy. Cases were 273 women, below age 80, with histologically confirmed, incident RCC. Controls were 546 women hospitalized for acute, nonneoplastic conditions, frequency-matched to cases by age and center. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using multiple logistic regression models. RCC risk was inversely related to age at first birth (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0, for >/= 25 years vs. <25 years). Hysterectomy was found to double RCC risk (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.2). A negative association of borderline-statistical significance emerged for age at menarche, whereas, no associations were found between RCC risk and parity, menopausal status, age at menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives. Our findings give support to a role of hysterectomy in increasing RCC risk without corroborating, however, a major role of female hormone-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zucchetto
- SOC Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, IRCCS "Centro di Riferimento Oncologico", Aviano (PN), Italy.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of > or =30.0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1.5-3.5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45% of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist:hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis.
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Chang S, Mâsse LC, Moser RP, Dodd KW, Arganaraz F, Fuemmler BF, Jemal A. State ranks of incident cancer burden due to overweight and obesity in the United States, 2003. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1636-50. [PMID: 18421271 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given links between obesity and cancer, we estimated incident cancer burden due to overweight and obesity at the state level in the United States. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Using state rankings by per capita burden of incident cancer cases diagnosed in 2003 that were related to overweight and obesity, we examined the frequency with which states ranked in the highest and lowest quintiles of weight-related burden for cancers of the postmenopausal breast, endometrium, kidney, colon, and prostate. In this study, data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), US Census, US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes, and National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were used. RESULTS Western states had the lowest weight-related cancer burden for both sexes. Iowa, South Dakota, and West Virginia had the highest burden for all three types of male cancers. West Virginia is the only state that ranked in the quintile of highest weight-related burden for all four cancers considered in women. DISCUSSION For certain cancers, including endometrial, postmenopausal breast, and colon cancers, states with high burdens clustered in geographic regions, warranting further inquiry. Although state ranks for the total cancer burden and the prevalence of overweight and obesity correlated with state ranks for weight-related incident cancer burden, they often served poorly as its proxy. Such a finding cautions against simply targeting states with high overweight and obesity or high total burdens of cancers for which overweight and obesity are risk factors, as this approach may not reach areas of unrecognized burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Chang
- Office of Preventive Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Antihypertensive medication and their impact on cancer incidence: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 2008; 26:622-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f3ef5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Molokwu JC, Prizment AE, Folsom AR. Reproductive characteristics and risk of kidney cancer: Iowa Women's Health Study. Maturitas 2007; 58:156-63. [PMID: 17822863 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kidney (renal cell) cancer accounts for approximately 3-4% of all new cases of primary cancer diagnosed in the United States. A relationship between kidney cancer and female reproductive factors has been hypothesized but supporting evidence is inconsistent. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between female reproductive factors and kidney cancer and identify independent risk factors related to female reproductive history and its effects on development of kidney cancer. METHODS We measured risk factors for kidney cancer and reproductive characteristics in a group of 37,440 postmenopausal women in Iowa. From 1986 to 2003, 165 cases of incident kidney cancer were identified through a statewide cancer registry. RESULTS After adjustment for age and other risk factors, past use of estrogen showed an increased risk of renal cancer (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.13-2.17) when compared to no use. Women with no live birth (RR 1.91, p=0.02) and women with three to four live births (RR 1.62, p=0.02) also had an increased risk of kidney cancer when compared with women who had one to two live births. There was also a lower risk of kidney cancer with greater lifetime duration of ovulation. CONCLUSION Although most reproductive variables were not significantly associated with kidney cancer, our study indicates that a greater exposure to estrogens may increase risk for kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Molokwu
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Kabat GC, Silvera SAN, Miller AB, Rohan TE. A cohort study of reproductive and hormonal factors and renal cell cancer risk in women. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:845-9. [PMID: 17311018 PMCID: PMC2360073 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with renal cell cancer risk in a cohort study of 89 835 Canadian women. Compared with nulliparous women, parous women were at increased risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-3.09), and there was a significant gradient of risk with increasing levels of parity: relative to nulliparous women, women who had > or =5 pregnancies lasting 4 months or more had a 2.4-fold risk (HR=2.41, 95% CI=1.27-4.59, P for trend 0.01). Ever use of oral contraceptives was associated with a modest reduction in risk. No associations were observed for age at first live birth or use of hormone replacement therapy. The present study provides evidence that high parity may be associated with increased risk of renal cell cancer, and that oral contraceptive use may be associated with reduced risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Kabat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10461, USA.
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Pan SY, DesMeules M, Morrison H, Wen SW. Obesity, High Energy Intake, Lack of Physical Activity, and the Risk of Kidney Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:2453-60. [PMID: 17164370 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 810 cases with histologically confirmed incident kidney cancer and 3,106 controls to assess the effect of obesity, energy intake, and recreational physical activity on renal cell and non-renal cell cancer risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with normal body mass index (BMI; 18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2), obesity (BMI, >or=30.0 kg/m2) was associated with multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of 2.57 (2.02-3.28) for renal cell cancer and 2.79 (1.70-4.60) for non-renal cell cancer. The OR (95% CI) associated with the highest quartiles of calorie intake was 1.30 (1.02-1.66) for renal cell cancer and 1.53 (0.92-2.53) for non-renal cell cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile of total recreational physical activity, the highest quartile of total activity was associated with an OR (95% CI) of 1.00 (0.78-1.28) and 0.79 (0.46-1.36) for the two subtypes. There were no apparent differences between men and women about these associations. The influence of obesity and physical activity on the risk of renal cell and non-renal cell cancer did not change by age, whereas the effect of excess energy intake was stronger among older people. No significant effect modifications of physical activity on BMI among both genders and of energy intake on BMI among men were observed, with a synergic effect of obesity and high energy intake on renal cell cancer risk found among women. This study suggests that obesity and excess energy intake are important etiologic risk factors for renal cell and non-renal cell cancer. The role of physical activity needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yi Pan
- Evidence and Risk Assessment Division, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, 120 Colonnade Road, Locator: 6701A, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
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Zucchetto A, Dal Maso L, Tavani A, Montella M, Ramazzotti V, Talamini R, Canzonieri V, Garbeglio A, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. History of treated hypertension and diabetes mellitus and risk of renal cell cancer. Ann Oncol 2006; 18:596-600. [PMID: 17158772 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of renal cell cancer (RCC) has been reported in subjects with hypertension. Whether this association may vary according to sex, smoking, obesity, or RCC clinical presentation is unclear. Results on the link between diabetes mellitus and RCC are inconclusive. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an Italian multicenter case-control study, including 767 (494 men, 273 women) incident cases of RCC, under 80 years of age, and 1534 hospital controls, frequency-matched to cases. Multiple logistic regression models, conditioned to center, sex, and age, and adjusted for period of interview, education, smoking, and body mass were used to estimate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Compared with subjects never treated, patients with a history of treated hypertension [OR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.1] reported an excess risk of RCC. This pattern was confirmed in different strata of sex, education, smoking habits, body mass, tumor histological type, stage, or grade. The attributable risk of RCC for treated hypertension in this population was 16%. A slight, nonsignificant increased risk was found for history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.7). CONCLUSION A possible causal role of hypertension in renal cell carcinogenesis is supported by the consistency of the direct association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zucchetto
- S.O.C. Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy.
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Flaherty KT, Fuchs CS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Curhan GC. A Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Hypertension, and Smoking and the Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16:1099-106. [PMID: 16184476 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-005-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the independent association of hypertension, thiazide use, body mass index, weight change, and smoking with the risk of renal cell carcinoma among men and women using biennial mailed questionnaires. METHODS The study population included 118,191 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study and 48,953 men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. RESULTS During 24 years of follow-up for women and 12 years for men, 155 and 110 incident cases of renal cell carcinoma were confirmed, respectively. In multivariate models including age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and hypertension, higher BMI was confirmed as a risk factor for women and smoking as a risk factor for men and women. After adjusting for age, updated BMI and smoking, an updated diagnosis of hypertension was associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); the relative risk (RR) was 1.9 (95% CI 1.4-2.7) for women and 1.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.7) for men. Based on limited data regarding the use of thiazide diuretics, we did not observe a risk associated with their use, independent of the diagnosis of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of hypertension, higher BMI, and increasing pack-years of smoking appear to independently increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H, Tjønneland A, Halkjaer J, Overvad K, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Linseisen J, Becker N, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Trichopoulos D, Sieri S, Palli D, Tumino R, Vineis P, Panico S, Monninkhof E, Peeters PHM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Büchner FL, Ljungberg B, Hallmans G, Berglund G, Gonzalez CA, Dorronsoro M, Gurrea AB, Navarro C, Martinez C, Quirós JR, Roddam A, Allen N, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Kaaks R, Norat T, Slimani N, Riboli E. Body size and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Int J Cancer 2005; 118:728-38. [PMID: 16094628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that obesity is related to increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, only a few studies report on measures of central vs. peripheral adiposity. We examined the association between anthropometric measures, including waist and hip circumference and RCC risk among 348,550 men and women free of cancer at baseline from 8 countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). During 6.0 years of follow-up we identified 287 incident cases of RCC. Relative risks were calculated using Cox regression, stratified by age and study center and adjusted for smoking status, education, alcohol consumption, physical activity, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy use. Among women, an increased risk of RCC was conferred by body weight (relative risk [RR] in highest vs. lowest quintile = 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-3.90; p-trend = 0.003), body mass index (BMI) (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.14-4.44; p-trend = 0.009), and waist (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.94-2.98; p-trend = 0.003) and hip circumference (RR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.22-4.34; p-trend = 0.01); however, waist and hip circumference were no longer significant after controlling for body weight. Among men, hip circumference (RR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.20-0.98; p-trend = 0.03) was related significantly to decreased RCC risk only after accounting for body weight. Height was not related significantly to RCC risk. Our findings suggest that obesity is related to increased risk of RCC irrespective of fat distribution among women, whereas low hip circumference is related to increased RCC risk among men. Our data give further credence to public health efforts aiming to reduce the prevalence of obesity to prevent RCC, in addition to other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pischon
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
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Hu J, Ugnat AM. Active and passive smoking and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:770-8. [PMID: 15763654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of active and passive smoking in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Mailed questionnaires were completed by 1279 incident RCC cases and 5370 population controls between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces. Data were collected on socio-economic status, smoking habits, diet and passive smoking status, as well as residential and occupational history. The study found an increased risk of RCC associated with active smoking. Elevated risk of RCC was also observed with passive smoking; compared with those never exposed to either passive or active smoking, men and women with 43 or more years of passive residential and/or occupational exposure had respective adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of 3.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.4-10.6) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.3) (P=0.001 and P=0.09, respectively). Both active and passive smoking might play a role in the aetiology of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Hu
- Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, 120 Colonnade Road 6702A, AL: 6702A, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
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Biglia N, Gadducci A, Ponzone R, Roagna R, Sismondi P. Hormone replacement therapy in cancer survivors. Maturitas 2005; 48:333-46. [PMID: 15283925 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2003] [Revised: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thousands of women are treated each year for cancer; many of these are already in menopause, while other younger patients will go into early menopause due to surgery, or chemotherapy, or the need for radiotherapy to the pelvic region. In most cases the oncologist and the gynaecologist would advise these women against the use of HRT. The purpose of this paper is to review biological and clinical evidences in favour and against HRT use in the different tumours and to propose an algorithm that can help choosing the treatment for the single woman. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review through April 2002 concerning: (1) biological basis of hormonal modulation of tumour growth; (2) epidemiological data on the impact of HRT on different cancers risk in healthy women; (3) safety of HRT use in cancer survivors; (4) alternatives to HRT. RESULTS With the exception of meningioma, breast and endometrial cancer, there is no biological evidence that HRT may increase recurrence risk. In women with previous breast and endometrial cancer HRT is potentially hazardous on a biological basis, even if published data do not show any worsening of prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Even if a cautious approach to hormonal-dependent neoplasias is fully comprehensible and the available alternative treatment should be taken into greater consideration, the reticence to prescribe HRT in women previously treated for other non hormone-related tumours has neither a biological nor a clinical basis. An algorithm based on present knowledge is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Biglia
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin, Candiolo, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Torino, Italy
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Janout V, Janoutová G. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF KIDNEY CANCER. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2004. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2004.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Algazi M, Plu-Bureau G, Flahault A, Dondon MG, Lê MG. [Could treatments with beta-blockers be associated with a reduction in cancer risk?]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2004; 52:53-65. [PMID: 15107693 DOI: 10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the use of anti-hypertensive drugs and cancer risk remains controversial. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential effect of beta-blocker use on cancer risk. METHODS In a cohort of 839 patients with cardiovascular disease, followed up prospectively for an average period of 10 years, cancer occurrence was recorded according to the exposure to beta-blockers. The relative risk of cancer associated with beta-blocker use was estimated using a Cox model adjusted on gender and age. Ever- vs never-use of beta-blockers and duration of exposure to the drug were analyzed as time-dependent variables. In addition, the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated using the corresponding age- and gender-adjusted cancer incidences in the French general population. RESULTS A total of 326 beta-blocker users and 513 users of other treatments were included in the cohort. During the follow-up period, representing 8,466 person-years, incident cancer cases were 15 and 59 in beta-blocker ever-users versus never-users, respectively. Using the Cox model, the overall relative risk of cancer was 0.51 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.29-0.90) in the beta-blocker ever-users versus never-users (p=0.02), with a 6% decrease per year of use (95% CI: 1%-12%; p=0.03). The corresponding SIR ratio between these two groups was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24-0.76). CONCLUSION In this cohort, the beta-blocker treatments appeared to decrease the cancer risk significantly. However, this result should be considered with caution; further work is needed, as some sources of bias associated with this type of epidemiological study cannot be totally excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Algazi
- Service de Cardiologie et Médecine Interne, Hôpital Privé des Diaconesses, 18, rue du Sergent-Bauchat, 75012 Paris.
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Nicodemus KK, Sweeney C, Folsom AR. Evaluation of dietary, medical and lifestyle risk factors for incident kidney cancer in postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 2003; 108:115-21. [PMID: 14618625 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cancer incidence rates in the United States have been increasing and are not fully accounted for by better diagnostic techniques. Risk factors in women are incompletely described. A total of 34,637 Iowan women initially free of cancer completed a mailed questionnaire in 1986. Kidney cancer incidence was identified over 15 years of follow-up (n = 124) through linkage to a statewide cancer registry. Adjusted for age and other risk factors, kidney cancer was associated positively with maximum adult weight (p for trend = 0.02) and current waist-to-hip ratio (p for trend = 0.002). Compared to nondrinkers, consumers of alcohol of 3.0 or more grams per day had a relative risk (RR) of 0.52 (95% CI = 0.29-0.92). Total vitamin C intake was associated positively with risk of kidney cancer (p for trend = 0.04), whereas total vitamin E intake was associated negatively with risk (p for trend = 0.002). The few women who used copper supplements had a 6.52-fold increase in risk of kidney cancer (95% CI = 1.95-21.8). Compared to never users, women who were former users of estrogen had an increased risk of kidney cancer (RR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.11-2.36), but current users of estrogen were not at a higher risk. Women who were nulliparous or had more than 2 live births were also at increased risk of kidney cancer compared with women who had 1 or 2 live births. In conclusion, in these postmenopausal women, overweight, particularly central adiposity, was an important risk factor for kidney cancer. Potential risk factors that warrant further exploration were low intake of alcohol and vitamin E, higher intake of vitamin C, nulli- or multiparity and use of copper supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Nicodemus
- Division of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Several studies have suggested that antihypertensive treatment may promote cancer through unknown mechanisms. Early retrospective studies implicated reserpine in breast cancer, but data from prospective studies and meta-analysis of several case-controlled studies showed only a weak association between reserpine and breast cancer which, although statistically significant, is of little clinical concern. Data from case-controlled studies and several cohort studies suggested an association between the use of a diuretic and the occurrence of renal cell cancer, particularly in women. A recent study showed an association between the use of a diuretic and the occurrence of colon cancer. Several prospective studies showed that treatment with atenolol may increase mortality from malignancy. However, other studies that analyzed data from several thousand patients could not confirm this association. In three prospective and a few case-controlled studies, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were not associated with increased mortality from malignancy. In addition, a recent retrospective study showed that long-term use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors had a protective effect against malignancy. Data from three large case-controlled studies and the combined data from eight randomized controlled studies and seven longitudinal studies showed a similar risk for malignancy among users and nonusers of calcium antagonists. Until further data from prospective clinical trials are available, we advise caution about long-term diuretic therapy in women. With regard to other antihypertensive drug classes, we suggest continuing the management of hypertension according to current treatment guidelines with little fear of any substantial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Grossman
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
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