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Lankiewicz TS, Choudhary H, Gao Y, Amer B, Lillington SP, Leggieri PA, Brown JL, Swift CL, Lipzen A, Na H, Amirebrahimi M, Theodorou MK, Baidoo EEK, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, Timokhin VI, Gladden J, Singh S, Mortimer JC, Ralph J, Simmons BA, Singer SW, O'Malley MA. Lignin deconstruction by anaerobic fungi. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:596-610. [PMID: 36894634 PMCID: PMC10066034 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose forms plant cell walls, and its three constituent polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, represent the largest renewable organic carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere. Insights into biological lignocellulose deconstruction inform understandings of global carbon sequestration dynamics and provide inspiration for biotechnologies seeking to address the current climate crisis by producing renewable chemicals from plant biomass. Organisms in diverse environments disassemble lignocellulose, and carbohydrate degradation processes are well defined, but biological lignin deconstruction is described only in aerobic systems. It is currently unclear whether anaerobic lignin deconstruction is impossible because of biochemical constraints or, alternatively, has not yet been measured. We applied whole cell-wall nuclear magnetic resonance, gel-permeation chromatography and transcriptome sequencing to interrogate the apparent paradox that anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes), well-documented lignocellulose degradation specialists, are unable to modify lignin. We find that Neocallimastigomycetes anaerobically break chemical bonds in grass and hardwood lignins, and we further associate upregulated gene products with the observed lignocellulose deconstruction. These findings alter perceptions of lignin deconstruction by anaerobes and provide opportunities to advance decarbonization biotechnologies that depend on depolymerizing lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Lankiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bashar Amer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P Lillington
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Patrick A Leggieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Candice L Swift
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Na
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mojgan Amirebrahimi
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael K Theodorou
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - John Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
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Enzyme Discovery in Anaerobic Fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes) Enables Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Innovation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0004122. [PMID: 35852448 PMCID: PMC9769567 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00041-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biorefineries require innovative solutions to realize their full potential, and the discovery of novel lignocellulose-active enzymes could improve biorefinery deconstruction processes. Enzymatic deconstruction of plant cell walls is challenging, as noncarbohydrate linkages in hemicellulosic sidechains and lignin protect labile carbohydrates from hydrolysis. Highly specialized microbes that degrade plant biomass are attractive sources of enzymes for improving lignocellulose deconstruction, and the anaerobic gut fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes) stand out as having great potential for harboring novel lignocellulose-active enzymes. We discuss the known aspects of Neocallimastigomycetes lignocellulose deconstruction, including their extensive carbohydrate-active enzyme content, proficiency at deconstructing complex lignocellulose, unique physiology, synergistic enzyme complexes, and sizeable uncharacterized gene content. Progress describing Neocallimastigomycetes and their enzymes has been rapid in recent years, and it will only continue to expand. In particular, direct manipulation of anaerobic fungal genomes, effective heterologous expression of anaerobic fungal enzymes, and the ability to directly relate chemical changes in lignocellulose to fungal gene regulation will accelerate the discovery and subsequent deployment of Neocallimastigomycetes lignocellulose-active enzymes.
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Wang YL, Wang WK, Wu QC, Yang HJ. The release and catabolism of ferulic acid in plant cell wall by rumen microbes: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:335-344. [PMID: 35600541 PMCID: PMC9108465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in the plant world, especially in the cell wall of grain bran, in comparison with forage and crop residues. Previous studies noted that FA was mainly linked with arabinoxylans and lignin in plant cell walls in ester and ether covalent forms. After forages were ingested by ruminant animals or encountered rumen microbial fermentation in vitro, these cross-linkages form physical and chemical barriers to protect cell-wall carbohydrates from microbial attack and enzymatic hydrolysis. Additionally, increasing studies noted that FA presented some toxic effect on microbial growth in the rumen. In recent decades, many studies have addressed the relationships of ester and/or ether-linked FA with rumen nutrient digestibility, and there is still some controversy whether these linkages could be used as a predicator of forage digestibility in ruminants. The authors in this review summarized the possible relationships between ester and/or ether-linked FA and fiber digestion in ruminants. Rumen microbes, especially bacteria and fungi, were found capable of breaking down the ester linkages within plant cell walls by secreting feruloyl and p-coumaroyl esterase, resulting in the release of free FA and improvement of cell wall digestibility. The increasing evidence noted that these esterases secreted by rumen microbes presented synergistic effects with xylanase and cellulase to effectively hydrolyze forage cell walls. Some released FA were absorbed through the rumen wall directly and entered into blood circulation and presented antioxidant effects on host animals. The others were partially catabolized into volatile fatty acids by rumen microbes, and the possible catabolic pathways discussed. To better understand plant cell wall degradation in the rumen, the metabolic fate of FA along with lignin decomposition mechanisms are needed to be explored via future microbial isolation and incubation studies with aims to maximize dietary fiber intake and enhance fiber digestion in ruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi-Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang Z, Gao X, Dong W, Huang B, Wang Y, Zhu M, Wang C. Plant cell wall breakdown by hindgut microorganisms: can we get scientific insights from rumen microorganisms? J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104027. [PMID: 35661771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Equines and ruminants have evolved as grazing herbivores with specialized gastrointestinal tracts capable of utilizing a wide range of fibrous feeds. In China, agricultural by-products, including corn straw, wheat straw, peanut vine, wheat husk, rice husk, and grass hay, have been extensively included in both equine and ruminant diets. These plant materials, which are composed predominantly of cellulose, hemicellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides, and lignin, are largely undegradable by equines and ruminants themselves. Their breakdown is accomplished by communities of resident microorganisms that live in symbiotic or mutualistic associations with the host. Information relating to microbial composition in the hindgut and rumen has become increasingly available. Rumen fermentation is unique in that plant cell wall breakdown relies on the cooperation between microorganisms that produce fibrolytic enzymes and that ruminant animals provide an anaerobic fermentation chamber. Similar to the rumen, the equine hindgut is also an immensely enlarged fermentative chamber that includes an extremely abundant and highly complex community of microorganisms. However, few studies have characterized the microbial functions and their utilization process of lignocellulosic feeds within the equine hindgut. The process of understanding and describing plant cell wall degradation mechanisms in the equine hindgut ecosystem is important for providing information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. In the present study, we gather existing information on the rumen and equine ecosystem and provide scientific insights for understanding the process of plant cell wall breakdown within the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wanting Dong
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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5
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Enzymatic Pretreatment Improved the In Vitro Ruminal Degradability of Oil Palm Fronds. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to increase the in vitro ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds (OPFs) through enzymatic pretreatment. The isolated fungi were selected based on their lignocellulosic degrading enzyme activities. Eleven fungi were successfully isolated, and their enzyme activities were evaluated. Three fungi, F1, F2 and F4 were selected, and they were identified as Trichoderma harzianum MK027305, Trichoderma harzianum MK027306 and Fusarium solani MK027309, respectively. The highest total gas and methane production was produced when OPFs were pretreated with an enzyme extract from 15 and 30 days of solid-state fermentation of T. harzianum MK027305 and T. harzianum MK027306, respectively. Meanwhile, OPFs pretreated with an enzyme extract from F. solani MK027309 after 45 days of solid-state fermentation produced the highest amount of volatile fatty acids. The pretreatment using the enzymes extracted from 45 days of solid-state fermentation of F. solani MK027309 increases the apparent rumen degradable carbohydrate (ARDC) by 35.29% compared to unpretreated OPF. This study showed that pretreatment of the OPFs using selected fungi’s enzymes increases the volatile fatty acid production and in vitro ruminal degradability of OPF, hence improving livestock production via increased utilization of agricultural by-products with minimal impact on the production cost.
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Bhujbal SK, Ghosh P, Vijay VK, Rathour R, Kumar M, Singh L, Kapley A. Biotechnological potential of rumen microbiota for sustainable bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels and value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152773. [PMID: 34979222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and chemical production. Its complex recalcitrant structure obstructs its bioconversion into biofuels and other value-added products. For improving its bioconversion efficiency, it is important to deconstruct its complex structure. In natural systems like rumen, diverse microbial communities carry out hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis of lignocellulosic biomass through physical penetration, synergistic and enzymatic actions enhancing lignocellulose degradation activity. This review article aims to discuss comprehensively the rumen microbial ecosystem, their interactions, enzyme production, and applications for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels. Furthermore, meta 'omics' approaches to elucidate the structure and functions of rumen microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, microbe-microbe interactions, and host-microbe interactions have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, feed additives' role in improving ruminal fermentation efficiency and reducing environmental nitrogen losses has been discussed. Finally, the current status of rumen microbiota applications and future perspectives for the development of rumen mimic bioreactors for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and chemicals have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rashmi Rathour
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
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Grajales-Hernández DA, Armendáriz-Ruiz MA, Gallego FL, Mateos-Díaz JC. Approaches for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates and applications thereof. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3901-3917. [PMID: 33928423 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl hydroxycinnamates (AHs) is a group of molecules of biotechnological interest due to their cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications. Among their most interesting uses are as UV protectants, skin depigmentation agents, and antioxidant ingredients which are often claimed for their antitumoral potential. Nowadays, many sustainable enzymatic approaches using low-cost starting materials are available and interesting immobilization techniques are helping to increase the reuse of the biocatalysts, allowing the intensification of the processes and increasing AHs accessibility. Here a convenient summary of AHs most interesting biological activities and possible applications is presented. A deeper analysis of the art state to obtain AHs, focusing on most employed enzymatic synthesis approaches, their sustainability, acyl donors relevance, and most interesting enzyme immobilization strategies is provided.Key points• Most interesting alkyl hydroxycinnamates applications are summarized.• Enzymatic approaches to obtain alkyl hydroxycinnamates are critically discussed.• Outlook of enzyme immobilization strategies to attain alkyl hydroxycinnamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Grajales-Hernández
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CICbiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paséo Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mariana A Armendáriz-Ruiz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Fernando López Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CICbiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paséo Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
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Kalinina AN, Borshchevskaya LN, Gordeeva TL, Sineoky SP. Expression of the Xylanase Gene from Pyromyces finnis in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of the Recombinant Protein. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820070054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Y, Hou Z, Shi Q, Cheng Y, Zhu W. Methane Production From Different Parts of Corn Stover via a Simple Co-culture of an Anaerobic Fungus and Methanogen. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:314. [PMID: 32426337 PMCID: PMC7204275 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine ways to improve the utilization of corn stover, this study investigated methane production from different parts of corn stover using a simple co-culture of an anaerobic fungus (Pecoramyces species) and methanogen (Methanobrevibacter species). The simple co-culture was incubated with the stem pith, leaf blade, or stem bark of corn stover (as substrates) at 39°C for 72 h. The results showed that the stem bark had the lowest (P < 0.05) digestibility (38.0 ± 1.36%) and neutral detergent solubles, that is, cell solubles (31.6 ± 0.45%), and the highest (P < 0.05) lignin content (4.8 ± 0.56%). The leaf blade had a significantly higher methane conversion rate (56.6 ± 0.76 mL/g digested substrate) than the stem pith (49.2 ± 1.60 mL/g digested substrate), even though they showed similar levels of methane production (42.4 ± 1.0 mL and 40.9 ± 1.35 mL, respectively). Both the leaf blade and stem pith of corn stover have the potential to produce methane in a simple co-culture of an anaerobic fungus and methanogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhesheng Hou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China
| | - Qicheng Shi
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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Carboué Q, Rébufa C, Dupuy N, Roussos S, Bombarda I. Solid state fermentation pilot-scaled plug flow bioreactor, using partial least square regression to predict the residence time in a semicontinuous process. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Butyrivibrio hungatei MB2003 Competes Effectively for Soluble Sugars Released by Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316 T during Growth on Xylan or Pectin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02056-18. [PMID: 30478228 PMCID: PMC6344614 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02056-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding a future global population of 9 billion people and climate change are the primary challenges facing agriculture today. Ruminant livestock are important food-producing animals, and maximizing their productivity requires an understanding of their digestive systems and the roles played by rumen microbes in plant polysaccharide degradation. Butyrivibrio species are a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria and are commonly found in the rumen, where they are a substantial source of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for the depolymerization of lignocellulosic material. Our findings suggest that closely related species of Butyrivibrio have developed unique strategies for the degradation of plant fiber and the subsequent assimilation of carbohydrates in order to coexist in the competitive rumen environment. The identification of genes expressed during these competitive interactions gives further insight into the enzymatic machinery used by these bacteria as they degrade the xylan and pectin components of plant fiber. Rumen bacterial species belonging to the genus Butyrivibrio are important degraders of plant polysaccharides, particularly hemicelluloses (arabinoxylans) and pectin. Currently, four species are recognized; they have very similar substrate utilization profiles, but little is known about how these microorganisms are able to coexist in the rumen. To investigate this question, Butyrivibrio hungatei MB2003 and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T were grown alone or in coculture on xylan or pectin, and their growth, release of sugars, fermentation end products, and transcriptomes were examined. In monocultures, B316T was able to grow well on xylan and pectin, while MB2003 was unable to utilize either of these insoluble substrates to support significant growth. Cocultures of B316T grown with MB2003 revealed that MB2003 showed growth almost equivalent to that of B316T when either xylan or pectin was supplied as the substrate. The effect of coculture on the transcriptomes of B316T and MB2003 was assessed; B316T transcription was largely unaffected by the presence of MB2003, but MB2003 expressed a wide range of genes encoding proteins for carbohydrate degradation, central metabolism, oligosaccharide transport, and substrate assimilation, in order to compete with B316T for the released sugars. These results suggest that B316T has a role as an initiator of primary solubilization of xylan and pectin, while MB2003 competes effectively for the released soluble sugars to enable its growth and maintenance in the rumen. IMPORTANCE Feeding a future global population of 9 billion people and climate change are the primary challenges facing agriculture today. Ruminant livestock are important food-producing animals, and maximizing their productivity requires an understanding of their digestive systems and the roles played by rumen microbes in plant polysaccharide degradation. Butyrivibrio species are a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria and are commonly found in the rumen, where they are a substantial source of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for the depolymerization of lignocellulosic material. Our findings suggest that closely related species of Butyrivibrio have developed unique strategies for the degradation of plant fiber and the subsequent assimilation of carbohydrates in order to coexist in the competitive rumen environment. The identification of genes expressed during these competitive interactions gives further insight into the enzymatic machinery used by these bacteria as they degrade the xylan and pectin components of plant fiber.
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Borschevskaya L, Gordeeva T, Sineoky S. Expression of Xylanase Gene from Pyromyces finnis in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of Recombinant Protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-4-24-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous expression and characteristics of a new xylanase from Pyromyces finnis have been described. The endo-l,4-β-xylanase XylP (EC 3.2.1.8) consists of 223 amino acids and 19 residues of a putative signal peptide in the N-terminal region. The amino acid sequence of the mature protein has the greatest homology with the sequence of the native catalytic N-terminal domain of Neocallimastix patriciarum endo-l,4-β-xylanase (84%). A synthetic nucleotide sequence encoding a mature XylP protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified recombinant enzyme showed activity with birch xylan and arabinoxylan. When using birch xylan as a substrate, the optimum pH for the enzyme was 5.0, and the optimum temperature was 50 °C. The specific activity of the xylanase was 4700 U/mg protein, and Km and Vmax were equal to 0.51 mg/mL and 7395.3 umol/(min∙mg), respectively. The recombinant XylP protein showed moderate thermal stability and high pH stability, resistance to digestive enzymes and protein inhibitors of grain xylanases. It was also shown that the Mg2+, Co2+ and Li+ ions have a positive effect on the enzyme activity. xylanase, xylan, feed enzyme, Pichia pastoris, Pyromyces finnis The work was performed with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI60717X0180) using the Unique Scientific Installation -National Bioresource Center «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms», NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA
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Affiliation(s)
- L.N. Borschevskaya
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow, 117545 Russia
| | - T.L. Gordeeva
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow, 117545 Russia
| | - S.P. Sineoky
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow, 117545 Russia
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Dagar SS, Kumar S, Mudgil P, Puniya AK. Comparative evaluation of lignocellulolytic activities of filamentous cultures of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi. Anaerobe 2018; 50:76-79. [PMID: 29454109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen strains of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi were evaluated for cellulase, xylanase and esterase activities. Though strain level variations were observed among all genera, Neocallimastix and Orpinomyces strains exhibited the highest lignocellulolytic activities. The esterase activities of monocentric group of anaerobic fungi were better than the polycentric group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Singh Dagar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
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A type D ferulic acid esterase from Streptomyces werraensis affects the volume of wheat dough pastries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1269-1279. [PMID: 29188331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A type D ferulic acid esterase (FAE) was identified in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces werraensis, purified, sequenced, and heterologously produced in E. coli BL21(DE3)Star by co-expressing chaperones groES-groEL (69 U L-1). The unique enzyme with a mass of about 48 kDa showed no similarity to other FAEs, and only moderate homology (78.5%) to a Streptomycete β-xylosidase. The purified reSwFAED exhibited a temperature optimum of 40 °C, a pH optimum in the range from pH seven to eight and a clear preference for bulky natural substrates, such as 5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FA) and β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FAX), compared to the synthetic standard substrate methyl ferulate. Treatment of wheat dough with as little as 0.03 U or 0.3 U kg-1 reSwFAED activity resulted in a significant increase of the bun volume (8.0 or 9.7%, resp.) after baking when combined with polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus. For the first time, the long-standing, but rarely proven positive effect of a FAE in baking was confirmed.
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Nieter A, Kelle S, Linke D, Berger RG. A p-coumaroyl esterase from Rhizoctonia solani with a pronounced chlorogenic acid esterase activity. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Gholivand S, Lasekan O, Tan CP, Abas F, Wei LS. Comparative study of the antioxidant activities of some lipase-catalyzed alkyl dihydrocaffeates synthesized in ionic liquid. Food Chem 2017; 224:365-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Gholivand S, Lasekan O, Tan CP, Abas F, Wei LS. Optimization of enzymatic esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid with hexanol in ionic liquid using response surface methodology. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:44. [PMID: 29086827 PMCID: PMC5446354 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing an efficient lipophilization reaction system for phenolic derivatives could enhance their applications in food processing. Low solubility of phenolic acids reduces the efficiency of phenolic derivatives in most benign enzyme solvents. The conversion of phenolic acids through esterification alters their solubility and enhances their use as food antioxidant additives as well as their application in cosmetics. Results This study has shown that lipase-catalyzed esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid with hexanol in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide) was the best approach for esterification reaction. In order to achieve the maximum yield, the process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level and four independent variables such as: dosage of enzyme; hexanol/dihydrocaffeic acid mole ratio; temperature and reaction time. The optimum esterification condition (Y = 84.4%) was predicted to be obtained at temperature of 39.4 °C, time of 77.5 h dosage of enzyme at 41.6% and hexanol/dihydrocaffeic acid mole ratio of 2.1. Conclusion Finally, this study has produced an efficient enzymatic esterification method for the preparation of hexyl dihydrocaffeate in vitro using a lipase in an ionic liquid system. Concentration of hexanol was the most significant (p < 0.05) independent variable that influenced the yield of hexyl dihydrocaffeate.Synthesis of different Hexyl dihydrocaffeates in ionic liquid ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholivand
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ola Lasekan
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leong Sze Wei
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Linh TN, Fujita H, Sakoda A. Release kinetics of esterified p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid from rice straw in mild alkaline solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:192-203. [PMID: 28231537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The release kinetics of esterified p-coumaric acid (PCA) and ferulic acid (FA) from rice straw under a mild alkaline condition were investigated to collect fundamental data for the design of a recovery process. The results showed that the straw size, NaOH concentration, and temperature were the key parameters governing release kinetics. The analysis demonstrated that FA is released considerably faster than PCA. The close relationship between lignin and the PCA dissolution indicates a reciprocal and/or simultaneous release. Moreover, PCA is broadly distributed in the lignin network but tends to be located more densely in the lignin fraction which is not easily solubilized by alkaline treatment. In contrast, the release of FA is strongly affected by removal of lignin fraction which is easily solubilized. These results suggest that the release kinetics are controlled by the accessibility of NaOH to their ester sites in the lignin/hemicellulose network, and by their localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Linh
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Hirokata Fujita
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Sakoda
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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19
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20
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Dollhofer V, Callaghan TM, Dorn-In S, Bauer J, Lebuhn M. Development of three specific PCR-based tools to determine quantity, cellulolytic transcriptional activity and phylogeny of anaerobic fungi. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 127:28-40. [PMID: 27220661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi (AF) decompose plant material with their rhizoid and multiple cellulolytic enzymes. They disintegrate the complex structure of lignocellulosic substrates, making them more accessible and suitable for further microbial degradation. There is also much interest in their use as biocatalysts for biotechnological applications. Here, three novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for detecting AF and their transcriptional activity in in vitro cultures and environmental samples were developed. Two real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods targeting AF were developed: AF-SSU, was designed to quantify the 18S rRNA genes of AF. AF-Endo, measuring transcripts of an endoglucanase gene from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), was developed to quantify their transcriptional cellulolytic activity. The third PCR based approach was designed for phylogenetical analysis. It targets the 28S rRNA gene (LSU) of AF revealing their phylogenetic affiliation. The in silico-designed primer/probe combinations were successfully tested for the specific amplification of AF from animal and biogas plant derived samples. In combination, these three methods represent useful tools for the analysis of AF transcriptional cellulolytic activity, their abundance and their phylogenetic placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Dollhofer
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Lange Point 6, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Tony Martin Callaghan
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Lange Point 6, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Samart Dorn-In
- Chair of Animal Hygiene, WZW, TUM, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Chair of Animal Hygiene, WZW, TUM, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Michael Lebuhn
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Lange Point 6, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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21
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Nieter A, Kelle S, Takenberg M, Linke D, Bunzel M, Popper L, Berger RG. Heterologous production and characterization of a chlorogenic acid esterase from Ustilago maydis with a potential use in baking. Food Chem 2016; 209:1-9. [PMID: 27173527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis, an edible mushroom growing on maize (Zea mays), is consumed as the food delicacy huitlacoche in Mexico. A chlorogenic acid esterase from this basidiomycete was expressed in good yields cultivating the heterologous host Pichia pastoris on the 5L bioreactor scale (reUmChlE; 45.9UL(-1)). In contrast to previously described chlorogenic acid esterases, the reUmChlE was also active towards feruloylated saccharides. The enzyme preferred substrates with the ferulic acid esterified to the O-5 position of arabinose residues, typical of graminaceous monocots, over the O-2 position of arabinose or the O-6 position of galactose residues. Determination of kcat/Km showed that the reUmChlE hydrolyzed chlorogenic acid 18-fold more efficiently than methyl ferulate, p-coumarate or caffeate. Phenolic acids were released by reUmChlE from natural substrates, such as destarched wheat bran, sugar beet pectin and coffee pulp. Treatment of wheat dough using reUmChlE resulted in a noticeable softening indicating a potential application of the enzyme in bakery and confectionery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Nieter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Takenberg
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lutz Popper
- SternEnzym GmbH & Co. KG, Kurt-Fischer-Straße 55, 22926 Ahrensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Dagar SS, Singh N, Goel N, Kumar S, Puniya AK. Role of anaerobic fungi in wheat straw degradation and effects of plant feed additives on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Benef Microbes 2016; 6:353-60. [PMID: 25391347 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, rumen microbial groups, i.e. total rumen microbes (TRM), total anaerobic fungi (TAF), avicel enriched bacteria (AEB) and neutral detergent fibre enriched bacteria (NEB) were evaluated for wheat straw (WS) degradability and different fermentation parameters in vitro. Highest WS degradation was shown for TRM, followed by TAF, NEB and least by AEB. Similar patterns were observed with total gas production and short chain fatty acid profiles. Overall, TAF emerged as the most potent individual microbial group. In order to enhance the fibrolytic and rumen fermentation potential of TAF, we evaluated 18 plant feed additives in vitro. Among these, six plant additives namely Albizia lebbeck, Alstonia scholaris, Bacopa monnieri, Lawsonia inermis, Psidium guajava and Terminalia arjuna considerably improved WS degradation by TAF. Further evaluation showed A. lebbeck as best feed additive. The study revealed that TAF plays a significant role in WS degradation and their fibrolytic activities can be improved by inclusion of A. lebbeck in fermentation medium. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its active constituents, effect on fungal population and in vivo potential in animal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dagar
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India Microbial Science Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Singh
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India Department of Paramedical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - N Goel
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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Kelle S, Nieter A, Krings U, Zelena K, Linke D, Berger RG. Heterologous production of a feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus sapidus synthesizing feruloyl-saccharide esters. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:852-862. [PMID: 26272349 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene EST1 from the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Catalytically active recombinant Est1 was secreted using P. pastoris as a host. For expression in P. pastoris, the expression vector pPIC9K was applied. The EST1 gene was cloned with an N-terminal α-mating factor pre-pro sequence and expressed under the control of a methanol inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promotor. Est1 was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The recombinant Est1 showed optima at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and released ferulic acid from saccharide esters and from the natural substrate destarched wheat bran. Substrate specificity profile and descriptor-based analysis demonstrated unique properties, showing that Est1 did not fit into the current FAE classification model. Transferuloylation synthesis of feruloyl-saccharide esters was proven for mono- and disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kelle
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annabel Nieter
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krings
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Zelena
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Gopalan N, Rodríguez-Duran LV, Saucedo-Castaneda G, Nampoothiri KM. Review on technological and scientific aspects of feruloyl esterases: A versatile enzyme for biorefining of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:534-44. [PMID: 26159377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With increasing focus on sustainable energy, bio-refining from lignocellulosic biomass has become a thrust area of research. With most of the works being focused on biofuels, significant efforts are also being directed towards other value added products. Feruloyl esterases (EC. 3.1.1.73) can be used as a tool for bio-refining of lignocellulosic material for the recovery and purification of ferulic acid and related hydroxycinnamic acids ubiquitously found in the plant cell wall. More and more genes coding for feruloyl esterases have been mined out from various sources to allow efficient enzymatic release of ferulic acid and allied hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) from plant-based biomass. A sum up on enzymatic extraction of HCAs and its recovery from less explored agro residual by-products is still a missing link and this review brushes up the achieved landmarks so far in this direction and also covers a detailed patent search on this biomass refining enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gopalan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - L V Rodríguez-Duran
- Metropolitan Autonomous University Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Mexico City, Iztapalapa Z.C. 09340, Mexico
| | - G Saucedo-Castaneda
- Metropolitan Autonomous University Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Mexico City, Iztapalapa Z.C. 09340, Mexico
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, India.
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Ang SK, Yahya A, Abd Aziz S, Md Salleh M. Isolation, screening, and identification of potential cellulolytic and xylanolytic producers for biodegradation of untreated oil palm trunk and its application in saccharification of lemongrass leaves. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:279-305. [PMID: 24960316 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the isolation and screening of fungi with excellent ability to degrade untreated oil palm trunk (OPT) in a solid-state fermentation system (SSF). Qualitative assay of cellulases and xylanase indicates notable secretion of both enzymes by 12 fungal strains from a laboratory collection and 5 strains isolated from a contaminated wooden board. High production of these enzymes was subsequently quantified in OPT in SSF. Aspergillus fumigates SK1 isolated from cow dung gives the highest xylanolytic activity (648.448 U g(-1)), generally high cellulolytic activities (CMCase: 48.006, FPase: 6.860, beta-glucosidase: 16.328 U g(-1)) and moderate lignin peroxidase activity (4.820 U/g), and highest xylanolytic activity. The xylanase encoding gene of Aspergillus fumigates SK1 was screened using polymerase chain reaction by a pair of degenerate primers. Through multiple alignment of the SK1 strain's xylanase nucleotide sequences with other published xylanases, it was confirmed that the gene belonged to the xylanase glycoside hydrolase family 11 (GH11) with a protein size of 24.49 kD. Saccharification of lemongrass leaves using crude cellulases and xylanase gives the maximum reducing sugars production of 6.84 g/L with glucose as the major end product and traces of phenylpropanic compounds (vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Ang
- a Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME) , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
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Dollhofer V, Podmirseg SM, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Fliegerová K. Anaerobic Fungi and Their Potential for Biogas Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 151:41-61. [PMID: 26337843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21993-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass is the largest reservoir of environmentally friendly renewable energy on earth. However, the complex and recalcitrant structure of these lignocellulose-rich substrates is a severe limitation for biogas production. Microbial pro-ventricular anaerobic digestion of ruminants can serve as a model for improvement of converting lignocellulosic biomass into energy. Anaerobic fungi are key players in the digestive system of various animals, they produce a plethora of plant carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes. Combined with the invasive growth of their rhizoid system their contribution to cell wall polysaccharide decomposition may greatly exceed that of bacteria. The cellulolytic arsenal of anaerobic fungi consists of both secreted enzymes, as well as extracellular multi-enzyme complexes called cellulosomes. These complexes are extremely active, can degrade both amorphous and crystalline cellulose and are probably the main reason of cellulolytic efficiency of anaerobic fungi. The synergistic use of mechanical and enzymatic degradation makes anaerobic fungi promising candidates to improve biogas production from recalcitrant biomass. This chapter presents an overview about their biology and their potential for implementation in the biogas process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Dollhofer
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Central Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Micro- and Molecular Biology, Lange Point 6, 85354, Freising, Germany,
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A chlorogenic acid esterase with a unique substrate specificity from Ustilago maydis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1679-88. [PMID: 25548041 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02911-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular chlorogenic acid esterase from Ustilago maydis (UmChlE) was purified to homogeneity by using three separation steps, including anion-exchange chromatography on a Q Sepharose FF column, preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF), and, finally, a combination of affinity chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on polyamide. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested a monomeric protein of ∼71 kDa. The purified enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 7.5 and at 37°C and was active over a wide pH range (3.5 to 9.5). Previously described chlorogenic acid esterases exhibited a comparable affinity for chlorogenic acid, but the enzyme from Ustilago was also active on typical feruloyl esterase substrates. Kinetic constants for chlorogenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl caffeate, and methyl ferulate were as follows: Km values of 19.6 μM, 64.1 μM, 72.5 μM, and 101.8 μM, respectively, and kcat/Km values of 25.83 mM(-1) s(-1), 7.63 mM(-1) s(-1), 3.83 mM(-1) s(-1) and 3.75 mM(-1) s(-1), respectively. UmChlE released ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids from natural substrates such as destarched wheat bran (DSWB) and coffee pulp (CP), confirming activity on complex plant biomass. The full-length gene encoding UmChlE consisted of 1,758 bp, corresponding to a protein of 585 amino acids, and was functionally produced in Pichia pastoris GS115. Sequence alignments with annotated chlorogenic acid and feruloyl esterases underlined the uniqueness of this enzyme.
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Gai YP, Zhang WT, Mu ZM, Ji XL. Involvement of ligninolytic enzymes in degradation of wheat straw by Trametes trogii. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:85-95. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-P. Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shan-dong China
| | - W.-T. Zhang
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - Z.-M. Mu
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - X.-L. Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shan-dong China
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
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Nieter A, Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Nimtz M, Berger RG. A halotolerant type A feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus eryngii. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:348-57. [PMID: 24607359 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular feruloyl esterase (PeFaeA) from the culture supernatant of Pleurotus eryngii was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. The length of the complete coding sequence of PeFaeA was determined to 1668 bp corresponding to a protein of 555 amino acids. The catalytic triad of Ser-Glu-His demonstrated the uniqueness of the enzyme compared to previously published FAEs. The purified PeFaeA was a monomer with an estimated molecular mass of 67 kDa. Maximum feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity was observed at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Metal ions (5 mM), except Hg(2+), had no significant influence on the enzyme activity. Substrate specificity profiling characterized the enzyme as a type A FAE preferring bulky natural substrates, such as feruloylated saccharides, rather than small synthetic ones. Km and kcat of the purified enzyme for methyl ferulate were 0.15 mM and 0.85 s(-1). In the presence of 3 M NaCl activity of the enzyme increased by 28 %. PeFaeA alone released only little ferulic acid from destarched wheat bran (DSWB), whereas after addition of Trichoderma viride xylanase the concentration increased more than 20 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Nieter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Paul Haase-Aschoff
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Nimtz M, Popper L, Berger RG. An enzyme from Auricularia auricula-judae combining both benzoyl and cinnamoyl esterase activity. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsujiyama SI, Ueno H. Performance of wood-rotting fungi-based enzymes on enzymic saccharification of rice straw. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2841-2848. [PMID: 23450755 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For effective saccharification of rice straw we focused on enzyme preparations from wood-rotting fungi that have the ability to degrade cell wall polysaccharides and lignin. We tested extracellular enzyme preparations from 14 species of fungi for saccharification activity and examined the factor for saccharification by statistical analysis. RESULTS An enzyme preparation from Schizophyllum commune had the highest saccharification activity of rice straw. This preparation contained highly active endo-β-xylanase, endo-β-glucanase (CMCase), β-d-glucosidase and acetylxylan esterase. Correlation analysis of the 14 enzyme preparations demonstrated that acetylxylan esterase was closely related to saccharification activity in rice straw. Multiple regression analysis also showed that acetylxylan esterase had an important role in saccharification. Ligninolytic enzymes, which are characteristic of white-rot fungi, did not contribute to saccharification activity of rice straw. CONCLUSION Deacetylation is an essential factor for saccharification of rice straw and enzyme preparations for saccharification need to contain highly active acetylxylan esterase as well as highly active cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, but not ligninolytic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Tsujiyama
- Laboratory of Chemistry for Forest Bioresources, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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Jakovetić SM, Jugović BZ, Gvozdenović MM, Bezbradica DI, Antov MG, Mijin DŽ, Knežević-Jugović ZD. Synthesis of Aliphatic Esters of Cinnamic Acid as Potential Lipophilic Antioxidants Catalyzed by Lipase B from Candida antarctica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1560-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The genome of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A reveals the unique evolutionary history of a remarkable plant biomass degrader. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4620-34. [PMID: 23709508 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00821-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic gut fungi represent a distinct early-branching fungal phylum (Neocallimastigomycota) and reside in the rumen, hindgut, and feces of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. The genome of an anaerobic fungal isolate, Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A, was sequenced using a combination of Illumina and PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technologies. The large genome (100.95 Mb, 16,347 genes) displayed extremely low G+C content (17.0%), large noncoding intergenic regions (73.1%), proliferation of microsatellite repeats (4.9%), and multiple gene duplications. Comparative genomic analysis identified multiple genes and pathways that are absent in Dikarya genomes but present in early-branching fungal lineages and/or nonfungal Opisthokonta. These included genes for posttranslational fucosylation, the production of specific intramembrane proteases and extracellular protease inhibitors, the formation of a complete axoneme and intraflagellar trafficking machinery, and a near-complete focal adhesion machinery. Analysis of the lignocellulolytic machinery in the C1A genome revealed an extremely rich repertoire, with evidence of horizontal gene acquisition from multiple bacterial lineages. Experimental analysis indicated that strain C1A is a remarkable biomass degrader, capable of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions in multiple untreated grasses and crop residues examined, with the process significantly enhanced by mild pretreatments. This capability, acquired during its separate evolutionary trajectory in the rumen, along with its resilience and invasiveness compared to prokaryotic anaerobes, renders anaerobic fungi promising agents for consolidated bioprocessing schemes in biofuels production.
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Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Berger RG. Detection of feruloyl- and cinnamoyl esterases from basidiomycetes in the presence of interfering laccase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:231-8. [PMID: 23306132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on basidiomycete sources of feruloyl esterases (FAEs), although many wood-rotting representatives of these fungi typically grow on feruloyl-rich substrates. A major reason is that the almost ubiquitous presence of laccases interferes with the detection of FAE activity. Laccases polymerize the liberated ferulic acid (FA) in situ, thus detracting the product of enzymatic hydrolysis from its detection. A rapid HPLC-UV method was developed to detect the loss of FA, but also to quantify the hydrolysis of FA esters. The method allows at the same time to evaluate the substrate specificity of a FAE. Forty one basidiomycetes were tested for their FAE activities, and 25 out of the set were positive. The basidiomycetes hydrolyzing cinnamates with the highest conversion rates were Auricularia auricula-judae and Marasmius scorodonius. Moreover, a new FAE inducer, the nonionic detergent Tween 80, was found. This is the first comprehensive study on basidiomycete sources of FAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Haase-Aschoff
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Wang R, Yang HJ, Yang X, Cao BH. Four phenolic acids determined by an improved HPLC method with a programmed ultraviolet wavelength detection and their relationships with lignin content in 13 agricultural residue feeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:53-60. [PMID: 22692917 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignification-associated phenolic acids are widely distributed in graminaceous plant cell walls. This study developed a rapid and sensitive reversed-phase method for the simultaneous quantification of protocatechuic (PRA), vanillic (VA), ferulic (FA) and p-coumaric (PCA) acids and investigated the relationship between these compounds and lignin contents in 13 fibrous feeds. RESULTS The phenolic acids were identified at a column temperature of 15 °C in a single run, in which the wavelength was programmed at 260 nm for PRA and VA, then switched to 310 nm for FA and PCA determinations. Satisfactory precision, recovery, and linearity were obtained with this method. Among 13 feeds, PCA was most abundant, followed by FA, VA and PRA. Great variations in phenolic acid and lignin contents were found. FA content was much richer than PCA content in maize and wheat brans, and the highest PCA content occurred in maize stalks. Lignin content was correlated with proportions of FA (r = - 0.95) and PCA (r = 0.90) in the summed phenolic acids and the PCA:FA ratio (r = 0.91). CONCLUSION The improved method appears to be useful for simultaneous quantification of target phenolic compounds. Both FA and PCA may be good indicators for plant cell wall lignification associated with feed digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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An esterase from the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus hydrolyzes feruloylated saccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23203636 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the secretion of esterases by the basidiomycetous fungus Pleurotus sapidus in a Tween 80-rich nutrient medium, an enzyme was discovered that hydrolyzed the ester bond of feruloylated saccharides. The enzyme was purified by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed a monomeric protein of about 55 kDa. The complete coding sequence with an open reading frame of 1,665 bp encoded a protein (Est1) consisting of 554 amino acids. The enzyme showed no significant homology to any published feruloyl esterase sequences, but possessed putative conserved domains of the lipase/esterase superfamily. Substrate specificity studies classified the new enzyme as type-A feruloyl esterase, hydrolyzing methyl ferulate, methyl sinapate, and methyl p-coumarate but no methyl caffeate. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6 and a temperature optimum at 50 °C. Ferulic acid was efficiently released from ferulated saccharides, and the feruloyl esterase exhibited moderate stability in biphasic systems (50 % toluene or tert-butylmethyl ether).
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Humberstone FJ, Briggs DE. Extraction and Assay of Ferulic Acid Esterase From Malted Barley*. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2000.tb00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Cao YC, Yang HJ, Zhang DF. Enzymatic characteristics of crude feruloyl and acetyl esterases of rumen fungusNeocallimastixsp. YAK11 isolated from yak (Bos grunniens). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:363-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tsujiyama SI, Ueno H. Production of cellulolytic enzymes containing cinnamic acid esterase from Schizophyllum commune. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2012; 57:309-17. [PMID: 22353736 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.57.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To develop enzyme preparations capable of digesting plant biomass, we examined the production of cinnamic acid esterase as well as cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes in cultures of Schizophyllum commune. The cinnamic acid esterase was produced in the cultures containing solid cellulosic substrates, with production being enhanced by delignifying the wood powder. This indicates that these esterases are produced by cellulose, despite their substrates being phenolic compounds. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, with the exception of α-arabinofuranosidase, were also produced in cultures containing cellulosic substances. These results show that enzyme preparation can have high activity of cinnamic acid esterase and cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes when S. commune is incubated in the presence of cellulose. These enzyme preparations will be useful for digesting plant biomass and for releasing cinnamic acid derivatives from plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Tsujiyama
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University.
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Yang H, Yue Q. The modification of glucose levels and N source in the Hungate's medium to stimulate the production of fibrolytic enzymes of Anaeromyces sp. YQ3 grown on corn stalks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Scope of the formal [3+2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of five-membered ring of functionalized indanes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cao Y, Yang H. Effect of roughage fibre content on fibrolytic activities and volatile fatty acid profiles of Neocallimastix sp. YAK11 isolated from rumen fluids of yak (Bos grunniens). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Saxena S, Sehgal JP, Puniya AK, Singh K. Effect of administration of rumen fungi on production performance of lactating buffaloes. Benef Microbes 2011; 1:183-8. [PMID: 21840805 DOI: 10.3920/bm2009.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi were orally dosed to lactating buffaloes to study their effect on the digestibility of a diet (composed of 50% wheat straw and 50% concentrate along with six kg maize green/animal/day), rumen fermentation patterns and milk production. Group I (control) was administered with fungus-free anaerobic broth, while group II and III were administered with Orpinomyces sp. C-14 or Piromyces sp. WNG-12 (250 ml; 3-5 days of growth/animal/ week), respectively. Milk production was higher in group II and III (8.42 and 8.48 kg/d) than in the control (8.03 kg/d) with virtually the same feed intake (i.e. 11.50 and 10.62 and 11.79 kg, respectively). There was an increase of 6% fat-corrected milk yield/animal/day in group II and III, respectively compared to the control. The milk fat was higher in the fungal culture administered groups than in the control group. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and digestible energy also increased significantly in group II and III. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen, trichloroacid precipitable nitrogen and number of zoospores/ml of rumen liquor were higher in group II and III when compared to the control. Hence, it can be stated that rumen fungi can be used as a direct-fed microbial in lactating buffaloes, to enhance the digestibility of wheat straw based diets leading to higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics in vitro of fenugreek and alfalfa hay combination with or without the inoculation of Neocallimastix sp. YAK11. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jin W, Cheng YF, Mao SY, Zhu WY. Isolation of natural cultures of anaerobic fungi and indigenously associated methanogens from herbivores and their bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to methane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7925-7931. [PMID: 21719276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain natural cultures of anaerobic fungi and their indigenously associated methanogens from herbivores and investigate their ability to degrade lignocelluloses to methane. Eight natural cultures were obtained by Hungate roll tube technique. The fungi were identified as belonging to Piromyces, Anaeromyces and Neocallimastix respectively by microscopy, and the methanogens as Methanobrevibacter spp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro studies with rice straw showed that these cultures degraded 33.5-48.3% substrate and produced 0.33-0.84 mmol/(100ml culture) methane. Two cultures were further selected for their ability to degrade different lignocellulosic materials and could produce 0.38-1.27 mmol/(100ml culture) methane. When methanogens were inhibited, the lignocellulose-degrading ability of cultures significantly reduced. In conclusion, natural cultures of anaerobic fungi with indigenously associated methanogens with high fiber degradation ability were obtained, and these cultures may have the potential in industrial use in lignocelluloses degradation and methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Yang HJ, Yue Q. Effect of glucose addition and N sources in defined media on fibrolytic activity profiles ofNeocallimastix sp. YQ1 grown on corn stover. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:554-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of a high concentrate diet fed to growing lambs. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Qi M, Wang P, Selinger LB, Yanke LJ, Forster RJ, McAllister TA. Isolation and characterization of a ferulic acid esterase (Fae1A) from the rumen fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1341-50. [PMID: 21362116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A novel ferulic acid esterase gene from rumen fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus was cloned, heteroexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 clones exhibiting activity on α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) were isolated from an A. mucronatus YE505 cDNA library. Sequence analysis revealed that these clones represented two esterase-coding sequences. The gene, fae1A, showed highest amino acid sequence identity to CE family 1 esterases from anaerobic micro-organisms such as Orpinomyces sp., Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium thermocellum. The gene comprised 828 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 275 amino acids. The coding sequence was cloned into the pET30a expression vector and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Gene product Fae1A was found to exhibit activity against a number of substrates including naphthyl fatty acid esters, p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters and hydroxylcinnamic acid esters. CONCLUSIONS Fae1A exhibited a lower K(m) and higher catalytic efficiency (k(cat) /K(m) ) on ferulic acid esters than on α-NA or p-nitrophenyl acetate, suggesting that it has a higher affinity for ethyl and methyl ferulate than for the acetyl esters. It releases ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from barley straw. Activity of Fae1A was inhibited by the serine-specific protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating that a serine residue plays a role in its activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first report of characterization of carbohydrate esterase gene from the genus of Anaeromyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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