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Yang F, Zhu H, Cao X, Li H, Fang X, Yu L, Li S, Wu Z, Li C, Zhang C, Tian X. Impaired motor-to-sensory transformation mediates auditory hallucinations. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002836. [PMID: 39361912 PMCID: PMC11449488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing reality from hallucinations requires efficient monitoring of agency. It has been hypothesized that a copy of motor signals, termed efference copy (EC) or corollary discharge (CD), suppresses sensory responses to yield a sense of agency; impairment of the inhibitory function leads to hallucinations. However, how can the sole absence of inhibition yield positive symptoms of hallucinations? We hypothesize that selective impairments in functionally distinct signals of CD and EC during motor-to-sensory transformation cause the positive symptoms of hallucinations. In an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment with a delayed articulation paradigm in schizophrenic patients with (AVHs) and without auditory verbal hallucinations (non-AVHs), we found that preparing to speak without knowing the contents (general preparation) did not suppress auditory responses in both patient groups, suggesting the absent of inhibitory function of CD. Whereas, preparing to speak a syllable (specific preparation) enhanced the auditory responses to the prepared syllable in non-AVHs, whereas AVHs showed enhancement in responses to unprepared syllables, opposite to the observations in the normal population, suggesting that the enhancement function of EC is not precise in AVHs. A computational model with a virtual lesion of an inhibitory inter-neuron and disproportional sensitization of auditory cortices fitted the empirical data and further quantified the distinct impairments in motor-to-sensory transformation in AVHs. These results suggest that "broken" CD plus "noisy" EC causes erroneous monitoring of the imprecise generation of internal auditory representation and yields auditory hallucinations. Specific impairments in functional granularity of motor-to-sensory transformation mediate positivity symptoms of agency abnormality in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning; Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Li
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tian
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning; Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Piette C, Tin SNW, Liège AD, Bloch-Queyrat C, Degos B, Venance L, Touboul J. Deep Brain Stimulation restores information processing in parkinsonian cortical networks. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.25.24310748. [PMID: 39252923 PMCID: PMC11383511 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.25.24310748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with alterations of neural activity and information processing primarily in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is the most effective therapy when patients experience levodopa-induced motor complications. A growing body of evidence points towards a cortical effect of STN-DBS, restoring key electrophysiological markers, such as excessive beta band oscillations, commonly observed in PD. However, the mechanisms of STN-DBS remain elusive. Here, we aim to better characterize the cortical substrates underlying STN-DBS-induced improvement in motor symptoms. We recorded electroencephalograms (EEG) from PD patients and found that, although apparent EEG features were not different with or without therapy, EEG signals could more accurately predict limb movements under STN-DBS. To understand the origins of this enhanced information transmission under STN-DBS in the human EEG data, we investigated the information capacity and dynamics of a variety of computational models of cortical networks. The extent of improvement in decoding accuracy of complex naturalistic inputs under STN-DBS depended on the synaptic parameters of the network as well as its excitability and synchronization levels. Additionally, decoding accuracy could be optimized by adjusting STN-DBS parameters. Altogether, this work draws a comprehensive link between known alterations in cortical activity and the degradation of information processing capacity, as well as its restoration under DBS. These results also offer new perspectives for optimizing STN-DBS parameters based on clinically accessible measures of cortical information processing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Piette
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, MA Waltham, USA
| | - Sophie Ng Wing Tin
- Service de Physiologie, Explorations Fonctionnelles et Médecine du Sport, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France
- Inserm UMR 1272, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - Astrid De Liège
- Department of Neurology, Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - Coralie Bloch-Queyrat
- Department of Clinical Research, Avicenne University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 93009, Bobigny, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, MA Waltham, USA
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Schmidgen J, Heinen T, Konrad K, Bender S. From preparation to post-processing: Insights into evoked and induced cortical activity during pre-cued motor reactions in children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120735. [PMID: 39002787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The motor system undergoes significant development throughout childhood and adolescence. The contingent negative variation (CNV), a brain response reflecting preparation for upcoming actions, offers valuable insights into these changes. However, previous CNV studies of motor preparation have primarily focused on adults, leaving a gap in our understanding of how cortical activity related to motor planning and execution matures in children and adolescents. METHODS The study addresses this gap by investigating the maturation of motor preparation, pre-activation, and post-processing in 46 healthy, right-handed children and adolescents aged 5-16 years. To overcome the resolution limitations of previous studies, we combined 64-electrode high-density Electroencephalography (EEG) and advanced analysis techniques, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), mu-rhythm desynchronization as well as source localization approaches. The combined analyses provided an in-depth understanding of cortical activity during motor control. RESULTS Our data showed that children exhibited prolonged reaction times, increased errors, and a distinct pattern of cortical activation compared to adolescents. The findings suggest that the supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a progressively stronger role in motor planning and response evaluation as children age. Additionally, we observe a decrease in sensory processing and post-movement activity with development, potentially reflecting increased efficiency. Interestingly, adolescent subjects, unlike young adults in previous studies, did not yet show contralateral activation of motor areas during the motor preparation phase (late CNV). CONCLUSION The progressive increase in SMA activation and distinct cortical activation patterns in younger participants suggest immature motor areas. These immature regions might be a primary cause underlying the age-related increase in motor action control efficiency. Additionally, the study demonstrates a prolonged maturation of cortical motor areas, extending well into early adulthood, challenging the assumption that motor control is fully developed by late adolescence. This research, extending fundamental knowledge of motor control development, offers valuable insights that lay the foundation for understanding and treating motor control difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schmidgen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany.
| | - Theresa Heinen
- Section Child Neuropsychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Section Child Neuropsychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
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Zimmer H, Richter F. Electrodermal lability and sensorimotor preparation: effects on reaction time, contingent negative variation, and heart rate. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01206-8. [PMID: 39143369 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrodermal lability is a trait-like measure of spontaneous sympathetic resting activity. In the present study, we addressed whether interindividual differences in this lability have an impact on the reaction time (RT) and on two physiological indicators of a goal-oriented sensorimotor preparation in a long-running, forewarned RT task (S1-S2 paradigm). The two indicators were the brain's contingent negative variation (CNV) and a heart rate deceleration (HRD). The interindividual differences were determined by counting spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations during a 5-min resting phase and dividing the subjects into two groups: individuals below (stable) and above (labile) the median of these fluctuations. In the task, labile individuals had a shorter RT compared with stable individuals and showed in the final phase of preparation in both physiological indicators the stronger response. Thus, lability-dependent effects in forewarned RT tasks cannot be explained by differences in stimulus-driven or passively controlled processes alone. Rather, goal-oriented, deliberately controlled processes that serve to adequately prepare for an imperative stimulus-the S2 in our paradigm-also must be considered to explain them. Labile individuals not only react faster than stable ones but also intentionally prepare themselves more appropriately for the imperative stimulus. A norepinephrine hypothesis focusing on the tonic activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) is proposed as an explanation for these and other lability-dependent effects. The frequency of spontaneous electrodermal fluctuations at rest may represent a peripheral, noninvasive, and easily measurable indicator of the baseline LC activity during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Zimmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Richter
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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Nguyen W, Gramann K, Gehrke L. Modeling the Intent to Interact With VR Using Physiological Features. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024; 30:5893-5900. [PMID: 37624723 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2023.3308787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mixed-Reality (XR) technologies promise a user experience (UX) that rivals the interactive experience with the real-world. The key facilitators in the design of such a natural UX are that the interaction has zero lag and that users experience no excess mental load. This is difficult to achieve due to technical constraints such as motion-to-photon latency as well as false-positives during gesture-based interaction. METHODS In this paper, we explored the use of physiological features to model the user's intent to interact with a virtual reality (VR) environment. Accurate predictions about when users want to express an interaction intent could overcome the limitations of an interactive device that lags behind the intention of a user. We computed time-domain features from electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings during a grab-and-drop task in VR and cross-validated a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for three different combinations of (1) EEG, (2) EMG and (3) EEG-EMG features. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We found the classifiers to detect the presence of a pre-movement state from background idle activity reflecting the users' intent to interact with the virtual objects (EEG: 62 % ± 10 %, EMG: 72 % ± 9 %, EEG-EMG: 69 % ± 10 %) above simulated chance level. The features leveraged in our classification scheme have a low computational cost and are especially useful for fast decoding of users' mental states. Our work is a further step towards a useful classification of users' intent to interact, as a high temporal resolution and speed of detection is crucial. This facilitates natural experiences through zero-lag adaptive interfaces.
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Mondini V, Sburlea AI, Müller-Putz GR. Towards unlocking motor control in spinal cord injured by applying an online EEG-based framework to decode motor intention, trajectory and error processing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4714. [PMID: 38413782 PMCID: PMC10899181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can translate brain signals directly into commands for external devices. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs mostly rely on the classification of discrete mental states, leading to unintuitive control. The ERC-funded project "Feel Your Reach" aimed to establish a novel framework based on continuous decoding of hand/arm movement intention, for a more natural and intuitive control. Over the years, we investigated various aspects of natural control, however, the individual components had not yet been integrated. Here, we present a first implementation of the framework in a comprehensive online study, combining (i) goal-directed movement intention, (ii) trajectory decoding, and (iii) error processing in a unique closed-loop control paradigm. Testing involved twelve able-bodied volunteers, performing attempted movements, and one spinal cord injured (SCI) participant. Similar movement-related cortical potentials and error potentials to previous studies were revealed, and the attempted movement trajectories were overall reconstructed. Source analysis confirmed the involvement of sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas for goal-directed movement intention and trajectory decoding. The increased experiment complexity and duration led to a decreased performance than each single BCI. Nevertheless, the study contributes to understanding natural motor control, providing insights for more intuitive strategies for individuals with motor impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mondini
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreea-Ioana Sburlea
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
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Chung LKH, Jack BN, Griffiths O, Pearson D, Luque D, Harris AWF, Spencer KM, Le Pelley ME, So SHW, Whitford TJ. Neurophysiological evidence of motor preparation in inner speech and the effect of content predictability. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11556-11569. [PMID: 37943760 PMCID: PMC10751289 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-generated overt actions are preceded by a slow negativity as measured by electroencephalogram, which has been associated with motor preparation. Recent studies have shown that this neural activity is modulated by the predictability of action outcomes. It is unclear whether inner speech is also preceded by a motor-related negativity and influenced by the same factor. In three experiments, we compared the contingent negative variation elicited in a cue paradigm in an active vs. passive condition. In Experiment 1, participants produced an inner phoneme, at which an audible phoneme whose identity was unpredictable was concurrently presented. We found that while passive listening elicited a late contingent negative variation, inner speech production generated a more negative late contingent negative variation. In Experiment 2, the same pattern of results was found when participants were instead asked to overtly vocalize the phoneme. In Experiment 3, the identity of the audible phoneme was made predictable by establishing probabilistic expectations. We observed a smaller late contingent negative variation in the inner speech condition when the identity of the audible phoneme was predictable, but not in the passive condition. These findings suggest that inner speech is associated with motor preparatory activity that may also represent the predicted action-effects of covert actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K-h Chung
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Sino Building, Chung Chi Road, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bradley N Jack
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oren Griffiths
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Behavioural Sciences Building, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel Pearson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Griffith Taylor Building, Manning Road, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Luque
- Department of Basic Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Faculty of Psychology, Dr Ortiz Ramos Street, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02130, United States
| | - Mike E Le Pelley
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suzanne H-w So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Sino Building, Chung Chi Road, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas J Whitford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
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Narukawa S, Nishimura M, Kuze I, Ohno I, Fukunaga M, Kobayasi KI, Murai SA. Cortico-striatal activity associated with fidget spinner use: an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15860. [PMID: 37740116 PMCID: PMC10517120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fidget spinners are said to be a very successful toy, and it's said that it has a good impact on attention for children with ADHD and hand motor control. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support these claims, and there is a lack of data on neurobiological responses to rotating fidget spinners. To better understand the mechanism whereby fidget spinners affect motor behavior, we tried to identify the neural correlates of rotating fidget spinners using functional magnetic resonance imaging and non-magnetic fidget spinners with five types of ease of rotation. As a result, we confirmed that the pre/postcentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), cerebellum, and striatum are activated when rotating spinners. Furthermore, the SMA was activated more with easier-to-rotate spinners. Additionally, a psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed increased functional connectivity between the SMA and the caudate while rotating fidget spinners compared to just holding them. These results suggest that the fine motor control associate with spinning a fidget spinner is supported by the cortico-striatal circuits involved in planning and reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Narukawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Momoka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Izumi Kuze
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Ibuki Ohno
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Kohta I Kobayasi
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Shota A Murai
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Mirzabagherian H, Menhaj MB, Suratgar AA, Talebi N, Abbasi Sardari MR, Sajedin A. Temporal-spatial convolutional residual network for decoding attempted movement related EEG signals of subjects with spinal cord injury. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107159. [PMID: 37531857 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) offers a promising approach to restoring hand functionality for people with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). A reliable classification of brain activities based on appropriate flexibility in feature extraction could enhance BCI systems performance. In the present study, based on convolutional layers with temporal-spatial, Separable and Depthwise structures, we develop Temporal-Spatial Convolutional Residual Network)TSCR-Net(and Temporal-Spatial Convolutional Iterative Residual Network)TSCIR-Net(structures to classify electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Using EEG signals in five different hand movement classes of SCI people, we compare the effectiveness of TSCIR-Net and TSCR-Net models with some competitive methods. We use the bayesian hyperparameter optimization algorithm to tune the hyperparameters of compact convolutional neural networks. In order to show the high generalizability of the proposed models, we compare the results of the models in different frequency ranges. Our proposed models decoded distinctive characteristics of different movement efforts and obtained higher classification accuracy than previous deep neural networks. Our findings indicate that TSCIR-Net and TSCR-Net models fulfills a better classification accuracy of 71.11%, and 64.55% for EEG_All and 57.74%, and 67.87% for EEG_Low frequency data sets than the compared methods in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzabagherian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave. 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Bagher Menhaj
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave. 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Abolfazl Suratgar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave. 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasibeh Talebi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Atena Sajedin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave. 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
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Harrison AW, Hughes G, Rudman G, Christensen BK, Whitford TJ. Exploring the internal forward model: action-effect prediction and attention in sensorimotor processing. Cereb Cortex 2023:7191713. [PMID: 37288477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Action-effect predictions are believed to facilitate movement based on its association with sensory objectives and suppress the neurophysiological response to self- versus externally generated stimuli (i.e. sensory attenuation). However, research is needed to explore theorized differences in the use of action-effect prediction based on whether movement is uncued (i.e. volitional) or in response to external cues (i.e. stimulus-driven). While much of the sensory attenuation literature has examined effects involving the auditory N1, evidence is also conflicted regarding this component's sensitivity to action-effect prediction. In this study (n = 64), we explored the influence of action-effect contingency on event-related potentials associated with visually cued and uncued movement, as well as resultant stimuli. Our findings replicate recent evidence demonstrating reduced N1 amplitude for tones produced by stimulus-driven movement. Despite influencing motor preparation, action-effect contingency was not found to affect N1 amplitudes. Instead, we explore electrophysiological markers suggesting that attentional mechanisms may suppress the neurophysiological response to sound produced by stimulus-driven movement. Our findings demonstrate lateralized parieto-occipital activity that coincides with the auditory N1, corresponds to a reduction in its amplitude, and is topographically consistent with documented effects of attentional suppression. These results provide new insights into sensorimotor coordination and potential mechanisms underlying sensory attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Harrison
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gethin Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University Of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Rudman
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- Research School of Psychology, Building 39, The Australian National University, Science Rd, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas J Whitford
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
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Singh B, Natsume K. Readiness potential reflects the intention of sit-to-stand movement. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:605-620. [PMID: 37265646 PMCID: PMC10229514 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative-going movement-related cortical potentials are associated with the preparation and execution of the voluntary movements. Thus far, the readiness potential (RP) for simple movements involving either the upper or lower body segments has been studied. We investigated the ability to decode the sit-to-stand movement's intention from the RP, which uses the upper and lower body segments. Therefore, we performed scalp electroencephalography in healthy volunteers. A gyro sensor was placed on the back to detect the movement of the upper body segment, and an electromyogram electrode was placed on the surface of the hamstrings and quadriceps to detect movement of the lower body segment. Our study revealed that a negative RP was evoked around 2 to 3 s before the onset of the upper body movement in the sit-to-stand movement in response to the start cue. The RP had a negative peak and a steeper negative slope from - 0.8 to - 0.001 s just before the onset of the upper body movement. Negative-going RPs reflect the intention of preparation/execution of the sit-to-stand movement. Therefore, we used the morphological component analysis method to extract the morphology of RPs from a single trial. This morphology of RPs is a promising aspect for limb neurotrophies or neurorehabilitation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbir Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Kiyohisa Natsume
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, Mazurek KA, Freedman EG. Young adults who improve performance during dual-task walking show more flexible reallocation of cognitive resources: a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2573-2592. [PMID: 35661873 PMCID: PMC10016048 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In young adults, pairing a cognitive task with walking can have different effects on gait and cognitive task performance. In some cases, performance clearly declines whereas in others compensatory mechanisms maintain performance. This study investigates the preliminary finding of behavioral improvement in Go/NoGo response inhibition task performance during walking compared with sitting, which was observed at the piloting stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, 3-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the cognitive task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill. RESULTS In a cohort of 26 young adults, 14 participants improved in measures of cognitive task performance while walking compared with sitting. These participants exhibited walking-related EEG amplitude reductions over frontal scalp regions during key stages of inhibitory control (conflict monitoring, control implementation, and pre-motor stages), accompanied by reduced stride-to-stride variability and faster responses to stimuli compared with those who did not improve. In contrast, 12 participants who did not improve exhibited no EEG amplitude differences across physical condition. DISCUSSION The neural activity changes associated with performance improvement during dual tasking hold promise as cognitive flexibility markers that can potentially help assess cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Kevin A Mazurek
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Joseph Building 4-184W, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Well Living Lab, Well Living Lab, Inc., 221 First Avenue SW, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
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13
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Versace V, Campostrini S, Dezi S, Sebastianelli L, Ortelli P, Saltuari L, Valls-Solé J, Kofler M. Conscious agency vs. pre-conscious sensory filtering: Disparate suppression of trigeminal blink reflex by self-stimulation and by prepulses. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14190. [PMID: 36166649 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the blink reflex (BR) to supraorbital nerve (SON) stimulation by a weak somatosensory prepulse (sPP) consists of inhibition of R2 and facilitation of R1. Similar BR changes occur with self-stimulation. Our aim was to compare neurophysiological processes underlying both effects. We assessed BR parameters in 18 healthy participants following right SON stimulation either performed by an experimenter (experiment 1A) or following self-stimulation (experiments 1B, 1C). In experiments 1A and 1C, sPPs to digit 2 preceded SON stimuli by 40, 100, 200 and 500 ms. In experiment 1B: self-stimulation was delayed by 40, 100, 200, and 500 ms. In experiment 2, BRs were elicited by an experimenter randomly during a 2-s period before participants applied self-stimulation. In experiment 1, as expected, sPPs caused facilitation of R1 and inhibition of R2, which peaked at 100 ms ISI, similarly in experiments 1A and 1C. Self-stimulation caused a decrease of R2, which was evident in a broad range of time intervals. In experiment 2, R2 was already inhibited at the onset of the 2-s period, while R1 began to rise significantly 1.4 s before self-stimulation. Both effects progressively increased until self-triggering. The results concur with a time-locked gating mechanism of prepulses at brainstem level, whereas self-stimulation modulates BR in a tonic manner, reflecting a cognitive influence due to self-agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefania Campostrini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabrina Dezi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paola Ortelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy.,Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació August Pi i Sunyer), Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
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14
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Park-Braswell K, Grooms D, Shultz S, Raisbeck L, Rhea C, Schmitz R. Sex-Specific Brain Activations during Single-Leg Exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:1249-1258. [PMID: 36518825 PMCID: PMC9718712 DOI: 10.26603/001c.40367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Females have an increased incidence of musculoskeletal injuries compared to males. Sex differences in neuromuscular control has been widely studied regarding the dynamics and muscle activity during preplanned movements. While muscle activation patterns and movement biomechanics are understood to differ between sexes, it is not well understood how sex influences brain activity for lower extremity movement. Since the brain plays a vital role for voluntary movement and joint stability, it is important to understand the sex differences in brain function in order to better understand neuromuscular control associated with increased musculoskeletal injury risk in female. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the differences in brain activation patterns between sexes during a simple active knee extension-flexion movement. It was hypothesized that females would demonstrate higher cortical activation in the somatosensory areas compared to males as a compensatory strategy. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods Thirteen males and seventeen females who were healthy and physically active participated in this study (Male: 23.7±3.8 years, 74.5±13.5 kg, 172.3±6.4 cm; Female: 20.6±1.6 years, 65.4±12.8 kg, 163±6.1 cm). Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained during a simple left knee extension-flexion exercise with their own leg weight while lying on the MRI table. The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals were compared between sexes. Results There was significantly greater activation in the visual cortices and premotor cortex in females compared to males during the studied movement. Males demonstrated significantly greater activation in the right cerebellum. Conclusion The results revealed sex differences in BOLD signal during simple knee extension-flexion movement. The results suggest that sex may be a biological factor in understanding brain activity associated with knee motor control. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute Ohio University
- Division of Physical Therapy & Division of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University
| | - Sandra Shultz
- Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Louisa Raisbeck
- Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Christopher Rhea
- Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Randy Schmitz
- Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Gateway MRI Center University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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15
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Emrich SM, Salahub C, Katus T. Sensory Delay Activity: More than an Electrophysiological Index of Working Memory Load. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 35:135-148. [PMID: 36223227 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sustained contralateral delay activity emerges in the retention period of working memory (WM) tasks and has been commonly interpreted as an electrophysiological index of the number of items held in a discrete-capacity WM resource. More recent findings indicate that these visual and tactile components are sensitive to various cognitive operations beyond the storage of discrete items in WM. In this Perspective, we present recent evidence from unisensory and multisensory visual and tactile WM tasks suggesting that, in addition to memory load, sensory delay activity may also be indicative of attentional and executive processes, as well as reflecting the flexible, rather than discrete, allocation of a continuous WM resource. Together, these findings challenge the traditional model of the functional significance of the contralateral delay activity as a pure measure of item load, and suggest that it may also reflect executive, attentional, and perceptual mechanisms operating in hierarchically organized WM systems.
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16
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Kolb FP, Kutz DF, Werner J, Schönecker S, Hürster W, Nida‐Rümelin J. Stimulus-dependent deliberation process in left- and right-handers obtained via current source density analysis. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15522. [PMID: 36471659 PMCID: PMC9723376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the activity patterns of young, healthy right- (RH, n = 25) and left-handed (LH, n = 20) subjects in high-density electroencephalograpic (EEG) recordings during a deliberation task. The deliberation task consisted of pressing one of two keys depending on a color-word Stroop task (Stroop, 1935) presented on a computer screen. Depending on the color shown and the meaning of the color word, participants responded with the index finger of the dominant or non-dominant hand. This leads to different activities in the hemispheres depending on the acting hand and on subject's handedness. Presenting the word "black" in black color, subjects were not to press any key (no-go-trial). Prior to this, subjects were tested for simple motor tasks, during which they were informed about the motor action to be performed. The temporal activity patterns obtained from RH and LH were very similar in shape and constituent components. The comparison of the three types of trials lead to the assumption that the deliberation process is based on a two-step decision: The first decision was characterized by the choice between move (match-trials, mismatch-trials) or not to move (no-go-trials). The second decision resulted in the final judgment of which index finger has to be used. The latter decision, in particular, can be tracked via the local spread of activity over the scalp. Our hypothesis is based on a comparison of activities and locations of RH and LH and yields some insights about processing a two-step decision in a deliberation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P. Kolb
- Department of Physiology Physiological GenomicsFaculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dieter F. Kutz
- Department of Physiology Physiological GenomicsFaculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and ExerciseInstitute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Jana Werner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sonja Schönecker
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
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17
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Grisoni L, Pulvermüller F. Predictive and perceptual phonemic processing in articulatory motor areas: A prediction potential & mismatch negativity study. Cortex 2022; 155:357-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Bodda S, Diwakar S. Exploring EEG spectral and temporal dynamics underlying a hand grasp movement. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270366. [PMID: 35737671 PMCID: PMC9223346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For brain-computer interfaces, resolving the differences between pre-movement and movement requires decoding neural ensemble activity in the motor cortex's functional regions and behavioural patterns. Here, we explored the underlying neural activity and mechanisms concerning a grasped motor task by recording electroencephalography (EEG) signals during the execution of hand movements in healthy subjects. The grasped movement included different tasks; reaching the target, grasping the target, lifting the object upwards, and moving the object in the left or right directions. 163 trials of EEG data were acquired from 30 healthy participants who performed the grasped movement tasks. Rhythmic EEG activity was analysed during the premovement (alert task) condition and compared against grasped movement tasks while the arm was moved towards the left or right directions. The short positive to negative deflection that initiated around -0.5ms as a wave before the onset of movement cue can be used as a potential biomarker to differentiate movement initiation and movement. A rebound increment of 14% of beta oscillations and 26% gamma oscillations in the central regions was observed and could be used to distinguish pre-movement and grasped movement tasks. Comparing movement initiation to grasp showed a decrease of 10% in beta oscillations and 13% in gamma oscillations, and there was a rebound increment 4% beta and 3% gamma from grasp to grasped movement. We also investigated the combination MRCPs and spectral estimates of α, β, and γ oscillations as features for machine learning classifiers that could categorize movement conditions. Support vector machines with 3rd order polynomial kernel yielded 70% accuracy. Pruning the ranked features to 5 leaf nodes reduced the error rate by 16%. For decoding grasped movement and in the context of BCI applications, this study identifies potential biomarkers, including the spatio-temporal characteristics of MRCPs, spectral information, and choice of classifiers for optimally distinguishing initiation and grasped movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bodda
- Amrita Mind Brain Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Shyam Diwakar
- Amrita Mind Brain Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
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19
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El nahas N, Roushdy TM, Shokri HM, Moustafa RR, Elsayed AM, Amin RM, Ashour AA, Abd Eldayem EH, Elhawary GA, Elbokl AM. Lateralized readiness potentials can identify hemisphere of recovery in stroke patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:63-71. [PMID: 35634815 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Highlights • In healthy adults, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) is localized to the hemisphere contralateral to a moving limb. • In stroke, the LRP can lateralize contra-, or ipsilateral to the paretic limb depending on the stage of recovery. • Identification of hemisphere of recovery can guide further measures for enhancing brain plasticity. Background: Event related cortical potentials related to motor action are referred to as movement related cortical potentials. The late component of which is the readiness potential (RP) and its polarity is more negative in the hemisphere responsible for planning of motor action. This lateralized nature of RP during unilateral hand movement is studied as lateralized readiness potential (LRP) by calculating the contralateral-minus-ipsilateral difference wave for each hand. Objective: The aim was to identify the hemisphere contributing to motor recovery in acute and chronic stroke patients through recording LRPs. Methods: Twenty-nine cases with cerebrovascular stroke (15 acute and 14 chronic) were included in the study. EEG was recorded in response to self-cued button presses by the paretic side to obtain the averaged LRP amplitude. The hemisphere with greater negativity was considered the side of recovery. Functional recovery was assessed by Fugl Meyer test. Results: In acute cases, recovery was more related to LRP activity in the contralesional hemisphere (73% ), whereas lateralization was equal in chronic cases; 50% in either group. LRP amplitude was higher in the contralesional hemisphere (p = 0.02). Functional recovery assessed by the Fugl Meyer test (FM) was similar whether recovery was ipsi- or contralesional. Conclusions: Early after stroke, motor recovery is more likely to involve compensatory activity in the contralesional hemisphere, while in the chronic phase, the ipsilesional hemisphere may recover its function and become more active. Further research is needed to verify if the technique mentioned in our study could be used to guide customized NIBS protocols tailoring the optimal site and parameters for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevine El nahas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Roushdy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Shokri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramez R. Moustafa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elsayed
- Department of Neurology, El Mataria Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa M. Amin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A. Ashour
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Abd Eldayem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. Elbokl
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Pham Xuan R, Andreessen LM, Zander TO. Investigating the Single Trial Detectability of Cognitive Face Processing by a Passive Brain-Computer Interface. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 2:754472. [PMID: 38235234 PMCID: PMC10790859 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.754472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
An automated recognition of faces enables machines to visually identify a person and to gain access to non-verbal communication, including mimicry. Different approaches in lab settings or controlled realistic environments provided evidence that automated face detection and recognition can work in principle, although applications in complex real-world scenarios pose a different kind of problem that could not be solved yet. Specifically, in autonomous driving-it would be beneficial if the car could identify non-verbal communication of pedestrians or other drivers, as it is a common way of communication in daily traffic. Automated identification from observation whether pedestrians or other drivers communicate through subtle cues in mimicry is an unsolved problem so far, as intent and other cognitive factors are hard to derive from observation. In contrast, communicating persons usually have clear understanding whether they communicate or not, and such information is represented in their mindsets. This work investigates whether the mental processing of faces can be identified through means of a Passive Brain-Computer Interface (pBCI). This then could be used to support the cars' autonomous interpretation of facial mimicry of pedestrians to identify non-verbal communication. Furthermore, the attentive driver can be utilized as a sensor to improve the context awareness of the car in partly automated driving. This work presents a laboratory study in which a pBCI is calibrated to detect responses of the fusiform gyrus in the electroencephalogram (EEG), reflecting face recognition. Participants were shown pictures from three different categories: faces, abstracts, and houses evoking different responses used to calibrate the pBCI. The resulting classifier could distinguish responses to faces from that evoked by other stimuli with accuracy above 70%, in a single trial. Further analysis of the classification approach and the underlying data identified activation patterns in the EEG that corresponds to face recognition in the fusiform gyrus. The resulting pBCI approach is promising as it shows better-than-random accuracy and is based on relevant and intended brain responses. Future research has to investigate whether it can be transferred from the laboratory to the real world and how it can be implemented into artificial intelligences, as used in autonomous driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pham Xuan
- Technical University Berlin, Naturalistic Driving Observation for Energetic Optimization and Accident Avoidance, Institute of Land and Sea Transport Systems, Berlin, Germany
- Volksagen AG Group Innovation, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Andreessen
- Neuroadaptive Human-Computer Interaction, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Thorsten O. Zander
- Neuroadaptive Human-Computer Interaction, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
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21
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Dilek B, Osumi M, Nobusako S, Erdoğan SB, Morioka S. Effect of Painful Electrical Stimuli on Readiness Potential in the Human Brain. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:114-123. [PMID: 34213973 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The readiness potential (RP), which is a slow negative electrical brain potential that occurs before voluntary movement, can be interpreted as a measure of intrinsic brain activity originating from self-regulating mechanisms. Early and late components of the RP may indicate clinical-neurophysiological features such as motivation, preparation, intention, and initiation of voluntary movements. In the present study, we hypothesized that electrical pain stimuli modulate the preparatory brain activity for movement. The grand average evoked potentials were measured at sensory motor regions with EEG during an experimental protocol consisting of painful and nonpainful stimuli. Our results demonstrated that painful stimuli were preceded by an enhanced RP when compared to non-painful stimuli at the Cz channel (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean amplitude of the RP at the early phase was significantly higher for the painful stimuli when compared to the non-painful stimuli (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that electrical painful stimuli, which can be considered as an unpleasant and stressful condition, modulate the motor preparation at sensory motor regions to a different extent when compared to non-painful electrical stimuli. Since early component of the RP represents cortical activation due to anticipation of the stimuli and the allocation of attentional resources, our results suggest that painful stimuli may affect the motor preparation processes and the prediction of the movement at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dilek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, 37521Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neuro Rehabilitatition Research Center, 111074Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nobusako
- Neuro Rehabilitatition Research Center, 111074Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Japan
| | - Sinem Burcu Erdoğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Medical Engineering, 162328Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neuro Rehabilitatition Research Center, 111074Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Japan
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22
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Armstrong SR, Bland NS, Sale MV, Cunnington R. Unconscious Influences on "Free Will" Movement Initiation: Slow-wave Brain Stimulation and the Readiness Potential. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1038-1052. [PMID: 35195727 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A central objective in the study of volition has been to identify how changes in neural activity relate to voluntary-"free will"-movement. The readiness potential (RP) is observed in the EEG as a slow-building signal that precedes action onset. Many consider the RP as a marker of an underlying preparatory process for initiating voluntary movement. However, the RP may emerge from ongoing slow-wave brain oscillations that influence the timing of movement initiation in a phase-dependent manner. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enables brain oscillations to be entrained at the frequency of stimulation. We delivered tACS at a slow-wave frequency over frontocentral motor areas while participants (n = 30) performed a simple, self-paced button press task. During the active tACS condition, participants showed a tendency to initiate actions in the phase of the tACS cycle that corresponded to increased negative potentials across the frontocentral motor region. Comparisons of premovement EEG activity observed over frontocentral and central scalp electrodes showed earlier onset and increased amplitude of RPs from active stimulation compared with sham stimulation. This suggests that movement-related activity in the brain can be modulated by the delivery of weak, nonconsciously perceptible alternating currents over frontocentral motor regions. We present novel findings that support existing theories, which suggest the timing of voluntary movement is influenced by the phase of slow-changing oscillating brain states.
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23
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Rothwell J, Antal A, Burke D, Carlsen A, Georgiev D, Jahanshahi M, Sternad D, Valls-Solé J, Ziemann U. Central nervous system physiology. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:3043-3083. [PMID: 34717225 PMCID: PMC8863401 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the second chapter of the series on the use of clinical neurophysiology for the study of movement disorders. It focusses on methods that can be used to probe neural circuits in brain and spinal cord. These include use of spinal and supraspinal reflexes to probe the integrity of transmission in specific pathways; transcranial methods of brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, which activate or modulate (respectively) the activity of populations of central neurones; EEG methods, both in conjunction with brain stimulation or with behavioural measures that record the activity of populations of central neurones; and pure behavioural measures that allow us to build conceptual models of motor control. The methods are discussed mainly in relation to work on healthy individuals. Later chapters will focus specifically on changes caused by pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, (J. Rothwell)
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Burke
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Antony Carlsen
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dejan Georgiev
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dagmar Sternad
- Departments of Biology, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Aaronson DM, Martinez Del Campo E, Boerger TF, Conway B, Cornell S, Tate M, Mueller WM, Chang EF, Krucoff MO. Understanding Variable Motor Responses to Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex During Brain Surgery. Front Surg 2021; 8:730367. [PMID: 34660677 PMCID: PMC8517489 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.730367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is the gold standard technique used to define functional-anatomical relationships during neurosurgical procedures. Areas that respond to stimulation are considered “critical nodes” of circuits that must remain intact for the subject to maintain the ability to perform certain functions, like moving and speaking. Despite its routine use, the neurophysiology underlying downstream motor responses to electrical stimulation of the brain, such as muscle contraction or movement arrest, is poorly understood. Furthermore, varying and sometimes counterintuitive responses can be seen depending on how and where the stimulation is applied, even within the human primary motor cortex. Therefore, here we review relevant neuroanatomy of the human motor system, provide a brief historical perspective on electrical brain stimulation, explore mechanistic variations in stimulation applications, examine neurophysiological properties of different parts of the motor system, and suggest areas of future research that can promote a better understanding of the interaction between electrical stimulation of the brain and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Aaronson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Timothy F Boerger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian Conway
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah Cornell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew Tate
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wade M Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Max O Krucoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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25
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Effects of motor restrictions on preparatory brain activity. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3189-3203. [PMID: 34432108 PMCID: PMC8386343 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modifying established motor skills is a challenging endeavor due to proactive interference from undesired old to desired new actions, calling for high levels of cognitive control. Motor restrictions may facilitate the modification of motor skills by rendering undesired responses physically impossible, thus reducing demands to response inhibition. Here we studied behavioral and EEG effects of rule changes to typing in skilled touch-typists. The respective rule change—typing without using the left index finger—was either implemented per instruction only or with an additional motor restriction. In both groups, the rule change elicited delays and more errors in typing, indicating the occurrence of proactive interference. While stimulus-locked ERPs did not exhibit prominent effects of rule change or group, response-locked ERPs revealed that the time courses of preparatory brain activity preceding typing responses depended on the presence of motor restriction. Although further research is necessary to corroborate our findings, they indicate a novel brain correlate that represents changes in inhibitory response preparation induced by short-term motor restrictions.
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26
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Ahn JS, Yoon JH, Kim JJ, Park JY. Movement-Related Potentials Associated with Motor Timing Errors as Determined by Internally Cued Movement Onset. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:670-678. [PMID: 34265196 PMCID: PMC8328837 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate motor timing is critical for efficient motor control of behaviors; however, the effect of motor timing abilities on movement-related neural activities has rarely been investigated. The current study aimed to examine the electrophysiological correlates of motor timing errors. METHODS Twenty-two healthy volunteers performed motor timing tasks while their electroencephalographic and electromyographic (EMG) activities were simultaneously recorded. The average of intervals between consecutive EMG onsets was calculated separately for each subject. Motor timing error was calculated as an absolute discrepancy value between the subjects' produced and given time interval. A movement-related potential (MRP) analysis was conducted using readings from Cz electrode. RESULTS Motor timing errors and MRPs were significantly correlated. Our principal finding was that only Bereitschaftpotential (BP) and motor potential (MP), not movement monitoring potential, were significantly attenuated in individuals with motor timing errors. Motor timing error had a significant effect on the amplitude of the late BP and MP. CONCLUSION The findings provide electrophysiological evidence that motor timing errors correlate with the neural processes involved in the generation of self-initiated voluntary movement. Alterations in MRPs reflect central motor control processes and may be indicative of motor timing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Seon Ahn
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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27
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Körmendi J, Ferentzi E, Weiss B, Nagy Z. Topography of Movement-Related Delta and Theta Brain Oscillations. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:608-617. [PMID: 34131823 PMCID: PMC8384804 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the high density EEG during movement execution guided by visual attention to reveal the detailed topographic distributions of delta and theta oscillations. Twenty right-handed young subjects performed a finger tapping task, paced by a continuously transited repeating visual stimuli. Baseline corrected power of scalp current density transformed EEG was statistically assessed with cluster-based permutation testing. Delta and theta activities revealed differences in their spatial properties at the time of finger tapping execution. Theta synchronization showed a contralateral double activation in the parietal and fronto-central regions, while delta activity appeared in the central contralateral channels. Differences in the spatiotemporal topography between delta and theta activity in the course of movement execution were identified on high density EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Körmendi
- Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 2, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Bogdánfy Ödön u. 10/B, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Amerikai út 57, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Bogdánfy Ödön u. 10/B, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Weiss
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 2, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Amerikai út 57, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Ford JM, Roach BJ, Mathalon DH. Vocalizing and singing reveal complex patterns of corollary discharge function in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 164:30-40. [PMID: 33621618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As we vocalize, our brains generate predictions of the sounds we produce to enable suppression of neural responses when intentions match vocalizations and to make adjustments when they do not. This may be instantiated by efference copy and corollary discharge mechanisms, which are impaired in people with schizophrenia (SZ). Although innate, these mechanisms can be affected by intentions. We asked if attending to pitch during vocalizations would take these mechanisms "off-line" and reduce suppression. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded from 96 SZ and 92 healthy controls (HC) as they vocalized triplets in monotone (Phrase) or sang triplets in ascending thirds (Pitch). Pre-vocalization activity (Bereitschaftspotential, BP), N1, and P2 ERP components to sounds were compared during vocalization and playback. RESULTS N1 was not as suppressed during Pitch as during Phrase. N1 suppression was not affected by SZ in either task when all data were collapsed across pitches (Pitch) and positions (Phrase). However, when binned according to vocalization performance, SZ showed less N1 suppression than HC at longer (>2 s) inter-stimulus intervals (Phrase) and inconsistent suppression across pitches (Pitch). Unlike N1, P2 was more suppressed during Pitch than Phrase and not affected by SZ. BP was greater during vocalization than playback but did not contribute to N1 or P2 effects. Pitch variability was inversely related to negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neural processing is not suppressed when patients and controls sing, and corollary discharge abnormalities in schizophrenia are only seen at long vocalization intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Ford
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America; Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, United States of America.
| | - Brian J Roach
- Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, United States of America
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America; Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, United States of America
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29
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Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:639-655. [PMID: 33761110 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of motor resonance processes in daily life is indispensable. The automatic imitation task is an experimental model of those daily-life motor resonance processes. Recent research suggests that both self-other distinction and cognitive control processes may be involved in interference control during automatic imitation. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the chronological sequence of interacting processes. To this end, this study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the time course underlying interference control during automatic imitation. We moreover aimed to extend previous results by investigating its modulation by social context. Cognitive conflict/action monitoring was assessed with the N2, in an exploratory manner the N450, and the CRN components. The Pre-Motor Positivity (PMP), associated with movement initiation, was suggested as a possible correlate of the successful resolution of self-other distinction. The cognitive control/action monitoring ERP components were influenced by the social context manipulation and partly by congruency, while PMP amplitudes were only sensitive to congruency. In addition, the exploratorily investigated N450 component predicted response times on incongruent relative to congruent trials in the different social contexts. This suggested that cognitive control/action monitoring processes, reflected in the N450, are guiding behavioral outcomes. Overall, interference control may primarily be guided by processes of cognitive control/action monitoring, whilst being modulated by social context demands.
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30
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Travers E, Friedemann M, Haggard P. The Readiness Potential reflects planning-based expectation, not uncertainty, in the timing of action. Cogn Neurosci 2020; 12:14-27. [PMID: 33153362 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1824176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Actions are guided by a combination of external cues, internal intentions, and stored knowledge. Self-initiated voluntary actions, produced without immediate external cues, may be preceded by a slow EEG Readiness Potential (RP) that progressively increases prior to action. The cognitive significance of this neural event is controversial. Some accounts link the RP to the fact that timing of voluntary actions is generated endogenously, without external constraints. Others link it to the unique role of a planning process, and therefore of temporal expectation, in voluntary actions. In many previous experiments, actions are unconstrained by external cues, but also potentially involve preplanning and anticipation. To separate these factors, we developed a reinforcement learning paradigm where participants learned, through trial and error, the optimal time to act. If the RP reflects freedom from external constraint, its amplitude should be greater early in learning, when participants do not yet know when to act. Conversely, if the RP reflects planning, it should be greater later on, when participants have learned, and plan in advance, the time of action. We found that RP amplitudes grew with learning, suggesting that this neural activity reflects planning and anticipation for the forthcoming action, rather than freedom from external constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Travers
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London, UK
| | - Maja Friedemann
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London, UK
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31
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Grisoni L, Tomasello R, Pulvermüller F. Correlated Brain Indexes of Semantic Prediction and Prediction Error: Brain Localization and Category Specificity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1553-1568. [PMID: 33108460 PMCID: PMC7869099 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With strong and valid predictions, grasping a message is easy, whereas more demanding processing is required in the absence of robust expectations. We here demonstrate that brain correlates of the interplay between prediction and perception mechanisms in the understanding of meaningful sentences. Sentence fragments that strongly predict subsequent words induced anticipatory brain activity preceding the expected words; this potential was absent if context did not strongly predict subsequent words. Subjective reports of certainty about upcoming words and objective corpus-based measures correlated with the size of the anticipatory signal, thus establishing its status as a semantic prediction potential (SPP). Crucially, there was an inverse correlation between the SPP and the N400 brain response. The main cortical generators of SPP and N400 were found in inferior prefrontal cortex and posterior temporal cortex, respectively. Interestingly, sentence meaning was reflected by both measures, with additional category-specific sources of SPPs and N400s falling into parieto-temporo-occipital (visual) and frontocentral (sensorimotor) areas for animal- and tool-related words, respectively. These results show that the well-known brain index of semantic comprehension, N400, has an antecedent with different brain localization but similar semantic discriminatory function. We discuss whether N400 dynamics may causally depend on mechanisms underlying SPP size and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grisoni
- Freie Universität Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosario Tomasello
- Freie Universität Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Hehenberger L, Sburlea AI, Müller-Putz GR. Assessing the impact of vibrotactile kinaesthetic feedback on electroencephalographic signals in a center-out task. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:056032. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Li H, Huang G, Lin Q, Zhao J, Fu Q, Li L, Mao Y, Wei X, Yang W, Wang B, Zhang Z, Huang D. EEG Changes in Time and Time-Frequency Domain During Movement Preparation and Execution in Stroke Patients. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:827. [PMID: 32973428 PMCID: PMC7468244 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during movement preparation and execution in stroke patients. EEG-based event-related potential (ERP) technology was used to measure brain activity changes. Seventeen stroke patients participated in this study and completed ERP tests that were designed to measure EEG changes during unilateral upper limb movements in preparation and execution stages, with Instruction Response Movement (IRM) and Cued Instruction Response Movement (CIRM) paradigms. EEG data were analyzed using motor potential (MP) in the time domain and the mu-rhythm and beta frequency band response mean value (R-means) in the time-frequency domain. In IRM, the MP amplitude at Cz was higher during hemiplegic arm movement than during unaffected arm movement. MP latency was shorter at Cz and the contralesional motor cortex during hemiplegic arm movement in CIRM compared to IRM. No significant differences were found in R-means among locations, between movement sides in both ERP tests. This study presents the brain activity changes in the time and time-frequency domains in stroke patients during movement preparation and execution and supports the contralesional compensation and adjacent-region compensation mechanism of post-stroke brain reconstruction. These findings may contribute to future rehabilitation research about neuroplasticity and technology development such as the brain-computer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Wei
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanzhang Yang
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingshui Wang
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Distinct cortical networks for hand movement initiation and directional processing: An EEG study. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117076. [PMID: 32585349 PMCID: PMC7573539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement preparation and initiation have been shown to involve large scale brain networks. Recent findings suggest that movement preparation and initiation are represented in functionally distinct cortical networks. In electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, movement initiation is reflected as a strong negative potential at medial central channels that is phase-locked to the movement onset - the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP). Movement preparation describes the process of transforming high level movement goals to low level commands. An integral part of this transformation process is directional processing (i.e., where to move). The processing of movement direction during visuomotor and oculomotor tasks is associated with medial parieto-occipital cortex (PO) activity, phase-locked to the presentation of potential movement goals. We surmised that the network generating the MRCP (movement initiation) would encode less information about movement direction than the parieto-occipital network processing movement direction. Here, we studied delta band EEG activity during center-out reaching movements (2D; 4 directions) in visuomotor and oculomotor tasks. In 15 healthy participants, we found a consistent representation of movement direction in PO 300–400 ms after the direction cue irrespective of the task. Despite generating the MRCP, sensorimotor areas (SM) encoded less information about the movement direction than PO. Moreover, the encoded directional information in SM was less consistent across participants and specific to the visuomotor task. In a classification approach, we could infer the four movement directions from the delta band EEG activity with moderate accuracies up to 55.9%. The accuracies for cue-aligned data were significantly higher than for movement onset-aligned data in either task, which also suggests a stronger representation of movement direction during movement preparation. Therefore, we present direct evidence that EEG delta band amplitude modulations carry information about both arm movement initiation and movement direction, and that they are represented in two distinct cortical networks. Delta band EEG carries information about arm movement initiation and direction. Movement initiation and direction are represented in two distinct cortical networks. Information about movement direction is primarily encoded in parieto-occipital areas. The activity in parieto-occipital areas is phase-locked to the direction cue.
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35
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Action selection conflict and intentional binding: An ERP study. Cortex 2020; 126:182-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Carlsen AN, Maslovat D, Kaga K. An unperceived acoustic stimulus decreases reaction time to visual information in a patient with cortical deafness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5825. [PMID: 32242039 PMCID: PMC7118083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Responding to multiple stimuli of different modalities has been shown to reduce reaction time (RT), yet many different processes can potentially contribute to multisensory response enhancement. To investigate the neural circuits involved in voluntary response initiation, an acoustic stimulus of varying intensities (80, 105, or 120 dB) was presented during a visual RT task to a patient with profound bilateral cortical deafness and an intact auditory brainstem response. Despite being unable to consciously perceive sound, RT was reliably shortened (~100 ms) on trials where the unperceived acoustic stimulus was presented, confirming the presence of multisensory response enhancement. Although the exact locus of this enhancement is unclear, these results cannot be attributed to involvement of the auditory cortex. Thus, these data provide new and compelling evidence that activation from subcortical auditory processing circuits can contribute to other cortical or subcortical areas responsible for the initiation of a response, without the need for conscious perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Maslovat
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Chandregowda A, Arbel Y, Donchin E. Seeking neurophysiological manifestations of speech production: An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 147:137-146. [PMID: 31756406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of speech production by elucidating pertinent ERP components. Such examination can pave way for investigations on typical and atypical speech neuromotor control. Participants completed a speech task by saying a specific word (speaking condition) or withholding the verbal response (non-speaking condition) based on the color of a frame placed around a fixation cross that were displayed on a computer screen. They also completed a simple hand motor task by pressing a button with the right or left index finger based on the color of a frame. The hand motor task was administered to verify that neural activity specific to motor preparation was detectable. Two ERP components emerged from the multichannel principal component analysis (PCA) as distinguishing between the speaking and no speaking conditions: a posterior negative component, and a left lateralized positive component. The morphology of the posterior negative component, as well as the correlation between its magnitude and mean response time suggest that this component is closely associated with speech motor control. The left-lateralized component was interpreted as reflecting a process possibly mediated by the speech dominant left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Chandregowda
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, United States of America; Department of Neurology (Speech Pathology), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Yael Arbel
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, United States of America
| | - Emanuel Donchin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, United States of America
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Grisoni L, Moseley RL, Motlagh S, Kandia D, Sener N, Pulvermüller F, Roepke S, Mohr B. Prediction and Mismatch Negativity Responses Reflect Impairments in Action Semantic Processing in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:395. [PMID: 31798432 PMCID: PMC6868096 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor and language difficulties in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are still largely unclear. The present work investigates biological indicators of sound processing, (action-) semantic understanding and predictive coding and their correlation with clinical symptoms of ASD. Twenty-two adults with high-functioning ASD and 25 typically developed (TD) participants engaged in an auditory, passive listening, Mismatch Negativity (MMN) task while high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Action and non-action words were presented in the context of sounds, which were either semantically congruent with regard to the body part they relate to or semantically incongruent or unrelated. The anticipatory activity before sound onset, the Prediction Potential (PP), was significantly reduced in the ASD group specifically for action, but not for non-action sounds. The early-MMN-like responses to words (latency: 120 ms) were differentially modulated across groups: controls showed larger amplitudes for words in action-sound compared to non-action contexts, whereas ASD participants demonstrated enlarged early-MMN-like responses only in a pure tone context, with no other modulation dependent on action sound context. Late-MMN-like responses around 560 ms post-stimulus onset revealed body-part-congruent action-semantic priming for words in control participants, but not in the ASD group. Importantly, neurophysiological indices of semantic priming in ASD participants correlated with the extent of autistic traits as revealed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). The data suggest that high-functioning adults with ASD show a specific deficit in semantic processing and predictive coding of sounds and words related to action, which is absent for neutral, non-action, sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grisoni
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rachel L Moseley
- Department of Psychology, University of Bournemouth, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Shiva Motlagh
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kandia
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Neslihan Sener
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Mohr
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Zentrum für Neuropsychologie und Intensive Sprachtherapie (ZeNIS), Berlin, Germany
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Grisoni L, Mohr B, Pulvermüller F. Prediction mechanisms in motor and auditory areas and their role in sound perception and language understanding. Neuroimage 2019; 199:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Burwell SJ, Makeig S, Iacono WG, Malone SM. Reduced premovement positivity during the stimulus-response interval precedes errors: Using single-trial and regression ERPs to understand performance deficits in ADHD. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13392. [PMID: 31081153 PMCID: PMC6699894 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain mechanisms linked to incorrect response selections made under time pressure during cognitive task performance are poorly understood, particularly in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using subject-specific multimodal imaging (electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, behavior) during flanker task performance by a sample of 94 human adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years, 50% female) with varying degrees of ADHD symptomatology, we examined the degree to which amplitude features of source-resolved event-related potentials (ERPs) from brain-independent component processes within a critical (but often ignored) period in the action selection process, the stimulus-response interval, were associated with motor response errors (across trials) and error rates (across individuals). Response errors were typically preceded by two smaller peaks in both trial-level and trial-averaged ERP projections from posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC): a frontocentral P3 peaking about 390 ms after stimulus onset, and a premovement positivity (PMP) peaking about 110 ms before the motor response. Separating overlapping stimulus-locked and response-locked ERP contributions using a "regression ERP" approach showed that trial errors and participant error rates were primarily associated with smaller PMP, and not with frontocentral P3. Moreover, smaller PMP mediated the association between larger numbers of errors and ADHD symptoms, suggesting the possible value of using PMP as an intervention target to remediate performance deficits in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Burwell
- Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis MN 55455
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis MN 55454
| | - Scott Makeig
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0559
| | - William G. Iacono
- Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Stephen M. Malone
- Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis MN 55455
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Mazurek KA, Schieber MH. How is electrical stimulation of the brain experienced, and how can we tell? Selected considerations on sensorimotor function and speech. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 36:103-116. [PMID: 31076014 PMCID: PMC6744321 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1609918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is a powerful tool for localizing and examining the function of numerous brain regions. Delivered to certain regions of the cerebral cortex, electrical stimulation can evoke a variety of first-order effects, including observable movements or an urge to move, or somatosensory, visual, or auditory percepts. In still other regions the subject may be oblivious to the stimulation. Often overlooked, however, is whether the subject is aware of the stimulation, and if so, how the stimulation is experienced by the subject. In this review of how electrical stimulation has been used to study selected aspects of sensorimotor and language function, we raise questions that future studies might address concerning the subjects' second-order experiences of intention and agency regarding evoked movements, of the naturalness of evoked sensory percepts, and of other qualia that might be evoked in the absence of an overt first-order experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Mazurek
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Marc H. Schieber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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Ishii A, Matsuo T, Nakamura C, Uji M, Yoshikawa T, Watanabe Y. Decreased alpha-band oscillatory brain activity prior to movement initiated by perception of fatigue sensation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4000. [PMID: 30850665 PMCID: PMC6408540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a health problem prevalent in modern societies. Fatigue sensation plays an important role as a biological alarm urging rest to maintain homeostasis, and clarifying the neural mechanisms related to fatigue sensations by which we decide to engage in rest is therefore essential. This study enrolled healthy male volunteers and showed that the decrease in alpha-band power as assessed by magnetoencephalography of the left Brodmann's area (BA) 6 before perception of fatigue when a button-press based on the level of fatigue was required was smaller than that before perception of the intention to move when a voluntary button-press was required. In addition, the decrease of alpha-band power in the left BA 6 before the perception of fatigue was not altered compared with that in the right BA 6 when a button-press based on the level of fatigue was required. These results suggest that the button-press based on the perception of fatigue is not prepared before the perception of fatigue. These findings will advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms related to subjective feelings such as fatigue sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ishii
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Chika Nakamura
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Uji
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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Armstrong S, Sale MV, Cunnington R. Neural Oscillations and the Initiation of Voluntary Movement. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2509. [PMID: 30618939 PMCID: PMC6307533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain processes involved in the planning and initiation of voluntary action are of great interest for understanding the relationship between conscious awareness of decisions and the neural control of movement. Voluntary motor behavior has generally been considered to occur when conscious decisions trigger movements. However, several studies now provide compelling evidence that brain states indicative of forthcoming movements take place before a person becomes aware of a conscious decision to act. While such studies have created much debate over the nature of ‘free will,’ at the very least they suggest that unconscious brain processes are predictive of forthcoming movements. Recent studies suggest that slow changes in neuroelectric potentials may play a role in the timing of movement onset by pushing brain activity above a threshold to trigger the initiation of action. Indeed, recent studies have shown relationships between the phase of low frequency oscillatory activity of the brain and the onset of voluntary action. Such studies, however, cannot determine whether this underlying neural activity plays a causal role in the initiation of movement or is only associated with the intentional behavior. Non-invasive transcranial alternating current brain stimulation can entrain neural activity at particular frequencies in order to assess whether underlying brain processes are causally related to associated behaviors. In this review, we examine the evidence for neural coding of action as well as the brain states prior to action initiation and discuss whether low frequency alternating current brain stimulation could influence the timing of a persons’ decision to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Armstrong
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin V Sale
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Vercillo T, O'Neil S, Jiang F. Action-effect contingency modulates the readiness potential. Neuroimage 2018; 183:273-279. [PMID: 30114465 PMCID: PMC6450698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to constantly anticipate events in the world is critical to human survival. It has been suggested that predictive processing originates from the motor system and that incoming sensory inputs can be altered to facilitate sensorimotor integration. In the current study, we investigated the role of the readiness potentials, i.e. the premotor brain activity registered within the fronto-parietal areas, in sensorimotor integration. We recorded EEG data during three conditions: a motor condition in which a simple action was required, a visual condition in which a visual stimulus was presented on the screen, and a visuomotor condition wherein the visual stimulus appeared in response to a button press. We measured evoked potentials before the motor action and/or after the appearance of the visual stimulus. Anticipating a visual feedback in response to a voluntary action modulated the amplitude of the readiness potentials. We also found an enhancement in the amplitude of the visual N1 and a reduction in the amplitude of the visual P2 when the visual stimulus was induced by the action rather than externally generated. Our results suggest that premotor brain activity might reflect predictive processes in sensory-motor binding and that the readiness potentials may possibly represent a neural marker of these predictive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vercillo
- Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Sean O'Neil
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Chen L, Mao Y, Ding M, Li L, Leng Y, Zhao J, Xu Z, Huang DF, Lo WLA. Assessing the Relationship Between Motor Anticipation and Cortical Excitability in Subacute Stroke Patients With Movement-Related Potentials. Front Neurol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 30386292 PMCID: PMC6199379 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors may lack the cognitive ability to anticipate the required control for palmar grasp execution. The cortical mechanisms involved in motor anticipation of palmar grasp movement and its association with post-stroke hand function remains unknown. Aims: To investigate the cognitive anticipation process during a palmar grasp task in subacute stroke survivors and to compare with healthy individuals. The association between cortical excitability and hand function was also explored. Methods: Twenty-five participants with hemiparesis within 1-6 months after first unilateral stroke were recruited. Twenty-five matched healthy individuals were recruited as control. Contingent negative variation (CNV) was measured using electroencephalography recordings (EEG). Event related potentials were elicited by cue triggered hand movement paradigm. CNV onset time and amplitude between pre-cue and before movement execution were recorded. Results: The differences in CNV onset time and peak amplitude were statistically significant between the subacute stroke and control groups, with patients showing earlier onset time with increased amplitudes. However, there was no statistically significant difference in CNV onset time and peak amplitude between lesioned and non-lesioned hemisphere in the subacute stroke group. Low to moderate linear associations were observed between cortical excitability and hand function. Conclusions: The earlier CNV onset time and higher peak amplitude observed in the subacute stroke group suggest increased brain computational demand during palmar grasp task. The lack of difference in CNV amplitude between the lesioned and non-lesioned hemisphere within the subacute stroke group may suggest that the non-lesioned hemisphere plays a role in the motor anticipatory process. The moderate correlations suggested that hand function may be associated with cortical processing of motor anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Secondary Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pouget P, Allard E, Poitou T, Raux M, Wattiez N, Similowski T. Slower Is Higher: Threshold Modulation of Cortical Activity in Voluntary Control of Breathing Initiation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:663. [PMID: 30364283 PMCID: PMC6193114 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech or programmed sentences must often be interrupted in order to listen to and interact with interlocutors. Among many processes that produce such complex acts, the brain must precisely adjust breathing to produce adequate phonation. The mechanism of these adjustments is multifactorial and still poorly understood. In order to selectively examine the adjustment in breath control, we recorded respiratory-related premotor cortical potentials from the scalp of human subjects while they performed a single breathing initiation or inhibition task. We found that voluntary breathing is initiated if, and only if, the cortical premotor potential activity reaches a threshold activation level. The stochastic variability in the threshold correlates to the distribution of initiation times of breathing. The data also fitted a computerized interactive race model. Modeling results confirm that this model is also as effective in respiratory modality, as it has been found to be for eye and hand movements. No modifications were required to account for respiratory cycle inhibition processes. In this overly simplified task, we showed a link between voluntary initiation and control of breathing and activity in a fronto-median region of the cerebral cortex. These results shed light on some of the physiological constraints involved in the complex mechanisms of respiration, phonation, and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Pouget
- UMRS 975, INSERM, CNRS 7225, Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Allard
- UMRS1158, INSERM, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tymothée Poitou
- UMRS1158, INSERM, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Raux
- UMRS 975, INSERM, CNRS 7225, Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Wattiez
- UMRS 975, INSERM, CNRS 7225, Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- UMRS 975, INSERM, CNRS 7225, Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France
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Salyers JB. Continuous Wavelet Transform for Decoding Finger Movements From Single-Channel EEG. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:1588-1597. [PMID: 30334749 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2876068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human body movements can be reflected in brain signals and collected noninvasively with electroencephalography (EEG). Motor-related signals include sensory motor rhythms (also known as the Mu wave) in the upper-alpha band of 8-13 Hz and slow cortical potentials (SCPs) in the low frequency range of 0.1-5 Hz. This study compares the two signals for decoding finger movements. Human subjects were asked to individually lift each of the five digits of their right hand, at the rate of one every 10 s. EEG was recorded using a bipolar montage between ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortices. Electromyograms were obtained for identifying movement onsets. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) generated significant performance with SCPs but not with Mu. Meanwhile, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to SCPs or Mu to create a spectrogram for each finger, showing distinctive amplitude and phase patterns. A dprime-based weighting algorithm was used to extract time-frequency features. With a template-matching paradigm, both SCP and Mu spectrograms yielded significant classification accuracies for multiple subjects, with the highest being >50% (chance = 20%). Interestingly, the index finger was better distinguished with Mu for most of the subjects, whereas the ring finger was better distinguished with SCPs. The CWT algorithm outperformed LDA by better decoding the thumb. This study suggests that the time-frequency characteristics of a single-channel EEG, when phase is preserved, contain critical information on finger movements. SCPs and Mu seem to work in an independent but complementary manner.
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Li H, Huang G, Lin Q, Zhao JL, Lo WLA, Mao YR, Chen L, Zhang ZG, Huang DF, Li L. Combining Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Desynchronization to Study Movement Preparation and Execution. Front Neurol 2018; 9:822. [PMID: 30344504 PMCID: PMC6182054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied a comprehensive electroencephalography (EEG) analysis for movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) in order to understand movement-related brain activity changes during movement preparation and execution stage of unilateral wrist extension. Thirty-four healthy subjects completed two event-related potential tests in the same sequence. Unilateral wrist extension was involved in both tests as the movement task. Instruction Response Movement (IRM) was a brisk movement response task with visual “go” signal, while Cued Instruction Response Movement (CIRM) added a visual cue contenting the direction information to create a prolonged motor preparation stage. Recorded EEG data were segmented and averaged to show time domain changes and then transformed into time-frequency mapping to show the time-frequency changes. All components were calculated and compared among C3, Cz, and C4 locations. The motor potential appeared bilaterally in both tests' movement execution stages, and Cz had the largest peak value among the investigated locations (p < 0.01). In CIRM, a contingent negative variation (CNV) component presented bilaterally during the movement preparation stage with the largest amplitude at Cz. ERD of the mu rhythm (mu ERD) presented bilateral sensorimotor cortices during movement execution stages in both tests and was the smallest at Cz among the investigated locations. In the movement preparation stage of CIRM, mu ERD presented mainly in the contralateral sensory motor cortex area (C3 and C4 for right and left wrist movements, respectively) and showed significant differences between different locations. EEG changes in the time and time-frequency domains showed different topographical features. Movement execution was controlled bilaterally, while movement preparation was controlled mainly by contralateral sensorimotor cortices. Mu ERD was found to have stronger contra-lateralization features in the movement preparation stage and might be a better indicator for detecting movement intentions. This information could be helpful and might provide comprehensive information for studying movement disorders (such as those in post-stroke hemiplegic patients) or for facilitating the development of neuro-rehabilitation engineering technology such as brain computer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Li Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai-Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tretter F. From mind to molecules and back to mind-Metatheoretical limits and options for systems neuropsychiatry. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:106325. [PMID: 30384654 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses like dementia are increasingly relevant for public health affairs. Neurobiology promises progress in diagnosis and treatment of these illnesses and exhibits a rapid increase of knowledge by new neurotechnologies. In order to find generic patterns in huge neurobiological data sets and by exploring formal brain models, non-linear science offers many examples of fruitful insights into the complex dynamics of neuronal information processing. However, it should be minded that neurobiology neither can bridge the explanatory gap between brain and mind nor can substitute psychological and psychiatric categories and knowledge. For instance, volition is impaired in many mental disorders. In experimental setups, a "preactional" brain potential was discovered that occurs 0.5 s before a consciously evoked motor action. Neglecting the specific experimental conditions, this finding was over-interpreted as the empirical falsification of the philosophical (!) concept of "free volition/will." In contrast, the psychology of volition works with models that are composed of several stage-related hierarchically nested mental process cycles that were never tested in obviously "theory-free" neurobiology. As currently neurobiology shows a network turn (or systemic turn), this is one good reason to enhance systemic approaches in theoretical psychology, independently from neurobiology that still lacks "theory." Cybernetic control loop models and system models should be integrated and elaborated and in turn could give new impulses to neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry that conceptually can more easily connect to a network-oriented neurobiology. In this program, the conceptual background of nonlinear science is essential to bridge gaps between neurobiology and psychiatry, defining a real "theoretical" field of neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Tretter
- Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science, Paulanergasse 13 / door 5, A 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Giesche F, Engeroff T, Wilke J, Niederer D, Vogt L, Banzer W. Neurophysiological correlates of motor planning and movement initiation in ACL-reconstructed individuals: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023048. [PMID: 30232114 PMCID: PMC6150139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current evidence suggests that the loss of mechanoreceptors after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears might be compensated by increased cortical motor planning. This occupation of cerebral resources may limit the potential to quickly adapt movements to unforeseen external stimuli in the athletic environment. To date, studies investigating such neural alterations during movement focused on simple, anticipated tasks with low ecological validity. This trial, therefore, aims to investigate the cortical and biomechanical processes associated with more sport-related and injury-related movements in ACL-reconstructed individuals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ACL-reconstructed participants and uninjured controls will perform repetitive countermovement jumps with single leg landings. Two different conditions are to be completed: anticipated (n=35) versus unanticipated (n=35) successful landings. Under the anticipated condition, participants receive the visual information depicting the requested landing leg prior to the jump. In the unanticipated condition, this information will be provided only about 400 msec prior to landing. Neural correlates of motor planning will be measured using electroencephalography. In detail, movement-related cortical potentials, frequency spectral power and functional connectivity will be assessed. Biomechanical landing quality will be captured via a capacitive force plate. Calculated parameters encompass time to stabilisation, vertical peak ground reaction force, and centre of pressure path length. Potential systematic differences between ACL-reconstructed individuals and controls will be identified in dependence of jumping condition (anticipated/ unanticipated, injured/uninjured leg and controls) by using interference statistics. Potential associations between the cortical and biomechanical measures will be calculated by means of correlation analysis. In case of statistical significance (α<0.05.) further confounders (cofactors) will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The independent Ethics Committee of the University of Frankfurt (Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences) approved the study. Publications in peer-reviewed journals are planned. The findings will be presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL STATUS At the time of submission of this manuscript, recruitment is ongoing. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03336060; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Giesche
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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