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An Integrated Process for the Xylitol and Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Using Debaryomyces hansenii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102036. [PMID: 36296312 PMCID: PMC9610057 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is the largest biomass waste from the palm oil industry. The OPEFB has a lignocellulose content of 34.77% cellulose, 22.55% hemicellulose, and 10.58% lignin. Therefore, this material’s hemicellulose and cellulose content have a high potential for xylitol and ethanol production, respectively. This study investigated the integrated microaerobic xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii and anaerobic ethanol semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (semi-SSF) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the same OPEFB material. A maximum xylitol concentration of 2.86 g/L was obtained with a yield of 0.297 g/gxylose. After 96 h of anaerobic fermentation, the maximum ethanol concentration was 6.48 g/L, corresponding to 71.38% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Significant morphological changes occurred in the OPEFB after hydrolysis and xylitol and ethanol fermentation were shown from SEM analysis.
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Narisetty V, Cox R, Bommareddy R, Agrawal D, Ahmad E, Pant KK, Chandel AK, Bhatia SK, Kumar D, Binod P, Gupta VK, Kumar V. Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 6:29-65. [PMID: 35028420 PMCID: PMC8691124 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
| | - Rylan Cox
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
| | - Rajesh Bommareddy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum Mohkampur Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Kamal Kumar Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo Lorena 12.602.810 Brazil
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Parmeswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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Mateo S, Hodaifa G, Sánchez S, Moya AJ. Bioconversion study for xylitol and ethanol production by Debaryomyces hansenii: aeration, medium and substrate composition influence. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:627-639. [PMID: 34694205 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1983829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii has been employed to study, initially, the influence of the oxygen availability on D-xylose to xylitol fermentation, as this parameter is considered as one of the most critical variables for this bio alcohol accumulation. Apart from the air supplied in the fermentation process through the stirring vortex (0.0 v/v/min), additional aeration rates (0.1-2.0 v/v/min) effects were discussed. Furthermore, a change in the fermentative medium composition as well as a comparative analysis of D. hansenii behavior with respect to fermentation of D-glucose and D-xylose mixtures solutions, with the aim of producing both xylitol and ethanol bioproducts, were performed. For these purposes, specific growth rates, biomass productivities, specific substrate-uptake rates, overall biomass yields, specific xylitol formation rates and overall xylitol yields values have been calculated, applying a differential method to the kinetic data. Aeration influence was clearly evinced since a faster D-xylose metabolism, for aeration values close to 1.0 v/v/min, was noted. This yeast exhibited a sequential substrate consumption, firstly D-glucose and then D-xylose. The maximum xylitol yield (0.32 kg kg- 1) was obtained for 0.5 v/v/min airflow, remarking a significant reduction of this parameter for both above and below the quoted air supply value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Mateo
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Gassan Hodaifa
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Area, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Sebastián Sánchez
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alberto J Moya
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Exploiting Innate and Imported Fungal Capacity for Xylitol Production. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sitepu IR, Shi S, Simmons BA, Singer SW, Boundy-Mills K, Simmons CW. Yeast tolerance to the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1286-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irnayuli R. Sitepu
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA USA
- Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA); The Ministry of Forestry; Bogor Indonesia
| | - Shuang Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Deconstruction Division; Joint BioEnergy Institute; Emeryville CA USA
- Biological and Materials Sciences Center; Sandia National Laboratories; Livermore CA USA
| | - Steven W. Singer
- Deconstruction Division; Joint BioEnergy Institute; Emeryville CA USA
- Earth Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Christopher W. Simmons
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA USA
- Deconstruction Division; Joint BioEnergy Institute; Emeryville CA USA
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Effects of environmental conditions on production of xylitol byCandida boidinii. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 11:213-8. [PMID: 24414506 DOI: 10.1007/bf00704652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/08/1994] [Accepted: 11/11/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida boidinii NRRL Y-17213 produced more xylitol thanC. magnolia (NRRL Y-4226 and NRRL Y-7621),Debaryomyces hansenii (C-98 M-21, C-56 M-9 and NRRL Y-7425), orPichia (Hansenula) anomala (NRRL Y-366). WithC. boidinii, highest xylitol productivity was at pH 7 but highest yield was at pH 8, using 5 g urea and 5 g Casamino acids/I. Decreasing the aeration rate decreased xylose consumption and cell growth but increased the xylitol yield. When an initial cell density of 5.1 g/l was used instead of 1.3 g/l, xylitol yield and the specific xylitol production rate doubled. Substrate concentration had the greatest effect on xylitol production; increasing xylose concentration 7.5-fold (to 150 g/l) gave a 71-fold increase in xylitol production (53 g/l) and a 10-fold increase in xylitol/ethanol ratio. The highest xylitol yield (0.47 g/g), corresponding to 52% of the theoretical yield, was obtained with 150 g xylose/l after 14 days. Xylose at 200 g/l inhibited xylitol production.
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Pal S, Choudhary V, Kumar A, Biswas D, Mondal AK, Sahoo DK. Studies on xylitol production by metabolic pathway engineered Debaryomyces hansenii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:449-455. [PMID: 24012734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is one of the most promising natural xylitol producers. As the conversion of xylitol to xylulose mediated by NAD(+) cofactor dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) reduces its xylitol yield, xylitol dehydrogenase gene (DhXDH)-disrupted mutant of D. hansenii having potential for xylose assimilating pathway stopping at xylitol, was used to study the effects of co-substrates, xylose and oxygen availability on xylitol production. Compared to low cell growth and xylitol production in cultivation medium containing xylose as the only substrate, XDH disrupted mutants grown on glycerol as co-substrate accumulated 2.5-fold increased xylitol concentration over those cells grown on glucose as co-substrate. The oxygen availability, in terms of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, kLa (23.86-87.96 h(-1)), affected both xylitol productivity and yield, though the effect is more pronounced on the former. The addition of extra xylose at different phases of xylitol fermentation did not enhance xylitol productivity under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suksham Pal
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vikas Choudhary
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Dipanwita Biswas
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Alok K Mondal
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
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Takahashi R, Chysirichote T, Asami K, Ohtaguchi K. Effect of Oxygen Mass Transfer between the Gas and Liquid Phases on the Production of Monascus Red Pigments by Monascus ruber. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.13we083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Kazuhiro Asami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Fernandes DLA, Silva CM, Xavier AMRB, Evtuguin DV. Fractionation of sulphite spent liquor for biochemical processing using ion exchange resins. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:415-21. [PMID: 22465600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulphite spent liquor (SSL) is a side product from acidic sulphite pulping of wood, which organic counterpart is composed mainly by lignosulphonates (LS) and sugars. The last are a prominent substrate for the bioprocessing although a previous purification step is necessary to eliminate microbial inhibitors. In this study a fractionation of hardwood SSL (HSSL) has been accomplished employing ion exchange resins in order to separate sugars fraction from concomitant inhibitors: LS, acetic acid, furan derivatives, phenolics, acetic acid and excess of inorganic salts. The fractionation of HSSL has been carried out using two fixed-bed ion exchangers in series (cationic+anionic). The first cation exchange column packed with Dowex 50WX2 resin was able to eliminate free cations and partially separate sugars from high molecular weight LS and furan derivatives. The second anion exchange column packed with Amberlite IRA-96 sorbed remaining LS, phenolics and acetic acid. Overall, the series arrangement under investigation has removed 99.99% of Mg(2+), 99.0% of Ca(2+), 99.6% of LS, and 100% of acetic acid, whereas the yield of recovered sugars was at least 72% of their total amount in HSSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L A Fernandes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Misra S, Raghuwanshi S, Saxena RK. Fermentation behavior of an osmotolerant yeastD. hanseniifor Xylitol production. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1457-65. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Molecular cloning, characterization, and engineering of xylitol dehydrogenase from Debaryomyces hansenii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Viana PA, de Rezende ST, Passos FML, Machado SG, Maitan GP, da Silva Coelho VT, Guimarães VM. α-Galactosidases production by Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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ARRIZON J, MATEOS J, SANDOVAL G, AGUILAR B, SOLIS J, AGUILAR M. BIOETHANOL AND XYLITOL PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATES BY SEQUENTIAL FERMENTATION. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2010.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Silva TL, Feijão D, Roseiro JC, Reis A. Monitoring Rhodotorula glutinis CCMI 145 physiological response and oil production growing on xylose and glucose using multi-parameter flow cytometry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2998-3006. [PMID: 21030251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry was used to monitor the lipid content, viability and intrinsic light scatter properties of Rhodotorula glutinis CCMI 145 cells growing on batch cultures using xylose and glucose as carbon sources. The highest lipid content was observed for cells grown on glucose, at the end of the exponential phase (17.8% w/w). The proportion of cells stained with PI attaining 77% at the end of the glucose growth. Cells growing on xylose produced a maximum lipid content of 10.6% (w/w), at the stationary phase. An increase in the proportion of cells stained with PI was observed, reaching 29% at the end of xylose growth. Changes in the side and forward light scatter detected during the yeast batch cultures supported that R. glutinis cells grown on glucose experienced harsher conditions, resulting in a high level of cytoplasmic membrane damage, which did not occur when R. glutinis cells grew on xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lopes da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Characterization and high-level production of xylanase from an indigenous cellulolytic bacterium Acinetobacter junii F6-02 from southern Taiwan soil. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zou YZ, Qi K, Chen X, Miao XL, Zhong JJ. Favorable effect of very low initial K(L)a value on xylitol production from xylose by a self-isolated strain of Pichia guilliermondii. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 109:149-52. [PMID: 20129099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol production from xylose by a self-isolated furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural assimilating Pichia guilliermondii was studied under oxygen limitation. An extremely low initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (0.075 h(-1)) was found most favorable to the xylitol production with yield of 0.61 g g(-1). Related enzymes activities were also investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-zhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, China
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Sampaio FC, de Faria JT, Passos FML, Converti A, Minin LA. Optimal activity and thermostability of xylose reductase from Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:293-300. [PMID: 19037674 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylose reductase (XR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of xylose metabolism. Although XRs from various yeasts have been characterized, little is known about this enzyme in Debaryomyces hansenii. In the present study, response surface analysis was used to determine the optimal conditions for D. hansenii UFV-170 XR activity. The influence of pH and temperature, ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 and from 25 to 55 degrees C, respectively, was evaluated by a 2(2) central composite design face-centered. The F-test (ANOVA) and the Student's t test were performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the model and the regression coefficients, respectively. The NADPH-dependent XR activity varied from 0.502 to 2.53 U mL(-1), corresponding to 0.07-0.352 U mg(-1), whereas the NADH-dependent one was almost negligible. The model predicted with satisfactory correlation (R (2) = 0.940) maximum volumetric activity of 2.27 U mL(-1) and specific activity of 0.300 U mg(-1) at pH 5.3 and 39 degrees C, which were fairly confirmed by additional tests performed under these conditions. The enzyme proved very stable at low temperature (4 degrees C), keeping its activity almost entirely after 360 min, which corresponded to the half-time at 39 degrees C. On the other hand, at temperatures >or=50 degrees C it was lost almost completely after only 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C Sampaio
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36571-000, Brazil
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Abstract
Xylitol, a naturally occurring five-carbon sugar alcohol, can be produced from D-xylose through microbial hydrogenation. Xylitol has found increasing use in the food industries, especially in confectionary. It is the only so-called "second-generation polyol sweeteners" that is allowed to have the specific health claims in some world markets. In this study, the effect of cell density on the xylitol production by the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii NRRL Upsilon-7426 from D-xylose under microaerobic conditions was examined. The rate of xylitol production increased with increasing yeast cell density to 3 g/L. Beyond this amount there was no increase in the xylitol production with increasing cell density. The optimal pH range for xylitol production was between 4.5 and 5.5. The optimal temperature was between 28 and 37 degrees C, and the optimal shaking speed was 300 rpm. The rate of xylitol production increased linearly with increasing initial xylose concentration. A high concentration of xylose (279 g/L) was converted rapidly and efficiently to produce xylitol with a product concentration of 221 g/L was reached after 48 h of incubation under optimum conditions.
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Roseiro JC, Gírio FM, Kará A, Collaço MA. Kinetic and metabolic effects of nitrogen, magnesium and sulphur restriction inXanthomonas campestrisbatch cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ishchuk OP, Dmytruk KV, Rohulya OV, Voronovsky AY, Abbas CA, Sibirny AA. Development of a promoter assay system for the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata based on the Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase LAC4 reporter gene. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sampaio FC, Chaves-Alves VM, Converti A, Lopes Passos FM, Cavalcante Coelho JL. Influence of cultivation conditions on xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion by a new isolate of Debaryomyces hansenii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:502-8. [PMID: 17350252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
About 270 yeast isolates were screened for xylitol production using xylose as the sole carbon source. The best isolate, Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170, released 5.84 g L(-1) xylitol from 10 g L(-1) xylose after 24 h, corresponding to a yield of xylitol on consumed substrate (Y(P/S)) of 0.54 g g(-1). This strain was cultivated batch-wise at variable starting concentrations of xylose (S(o)) and biomass (X(o)) and agitation intensity, in order to improve xylitol production and to evaluate, through simple carbon balances, the influence of these conditions on xylose metabolism. Under the best microaerobic conditions (S(o) = 53 g L(-1), X(o) = 1.4 g L(-1), 200 rpm), xylitol production reached 37.0 g L(-1), corresponding to xylitol volumetric productivity of 1.0 g L(-1)h(-1), specific productivity of 0.22 g g(-1)h(-1) and Y(P/S) = 0.76 g g(-1). Almost 83% of xylose was consumed for xylitol production, the rest being consumed for growth, while respiration was negligible. The new isolate appeared to be a promising alternative for industrial xylitol bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C Sampaio
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Fermentation of d-glucose and d-xylose mixtures by Candida tropicalis NBRC 0618 for xylitol production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Medeiros R, Gírio FM. Xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii in brewery spent grain dilute-acid hydrolysate: effect of supplementation. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1887-91. [PMID: 17636384 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A brewery spent-grain hemicellulosic hydrolysate was used for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii. Addition of 6 g yeast extract/l increased the xylitol yield to 0.57 g/g, and productivity to 0.51 g/l h that were, respectively, 1.4 -and 1.8-times higher than the values obtained with non-supplemented hydrolysate. When corn steep liquor was combined with 3 g yeast extract/l, the highest xylitol yield, 0.58 g/g, was obtained with a similar productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florbela Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, INETI, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, Lisboa, 1649-038, Portugal
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26
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Dmytruk KV, Voronovsky AY, Sibirny AA. Insertion mutagenesis of the yeast Candida famata (Debaryomyces hansenii) by random integration of linear DNA fragments. Curr Genet 2006; 50:183-91. [PMID: 16770625 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-006-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using random insertional mutagenesis to isolate mutants of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata was explored. Mutagenesis was performed by transformation of the yeast with an integrative plasmid containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2 gene as a selective marker. The addition of restriction enzyme together with the plasmid (restriction enzyme-mediated integration, REMI) increased the transformation frequency only slightly. Integration of the linearized plasmid occurred randomly in the C. famata genome. To investigate the potential of insertional mutagenesis, it was used for tagging genes involved in positive regulation of riboflavin synthesis in C. famata. Partial DNA sequencing of tagged genes showed that they were homologous to the S. cerevisiae genes RIB1, MET2, and SEF1. Intact orthologs of these genes isolated from Debaryomyces hansenii restored the wild phenotype of the corresponding mutants, i.e., the ability to overproduce riboflavin under iron limitation. The Staphylococcus aureus ble gene conferring resistance to phleomycin was used successfully in the study as a dominant selection marker for C. famata. The results obtained indicate that insertional mutagenesis is a powerful tool for tagging genes in C. famata.
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27
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Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Lopes S, Parajó JC, Pereira H, Gírio FM. Supplementation requirements of brewery's spent grain hydrolysate for biomass and xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii CCMI 941. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:646-54. [PMID: 16520980 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nutrient supplementation of brewery's spent grain (BSG) hydrolysates was evaluated with respect to biomass and xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii. For optimal biomass production, supplementation of full-strength BSG hydrolysates required only phosphate (0.5 g l(-1) KH(2)PO(4)), leading to a biomass yield and productivity of 0.60 g g(-1) monosaccharides and 0.55 g l(-1 )h(-1), respectively. Under the conditions studied, no metabolic products other than CO(2) and biomass were identified. For xylitol production, fourfold and sixfold concentrated hydrolysate-based media were used to assess the supplementation effects. The type of nutrient supplementation modulated the ratio of total polyols/total extracellular metabolites as well as the xylitol/arabitol ratio. While the former varied from 0.8 to 1, the xylitol/arabitol ratio reached a maximum value of 2.6 for yeast extract (YE)-supplemented hydrolysates. The increase in xylitol productivity and yield was related to the increase of the percentage of consumed xylose induced by supplementation. The best xylitol yield and productivity were found for YE supplementation corresponding to 0.55 g g(-1) and 0.36 g l(-1 )h(-1), respectively. In sixfold concentrated hydrolysates, providing that the hydrolysate was supplemented, the levels of xylitol produced were similar or higher than those for arabitol. Xylitol yield exhibited a further increase in the sixfold hydrolysate supplemented with trace elements, vitamins and minerals to 0.65 g g(-1), albeit the xylitol productivity was somewhat lower. The effect of using activated charcoal detoxification in non-supplemented versus supplemented sixfold hydrolysates was also studied. Detoxification did not improve polyols formation, suggesting that the hemicellulose-derived inhibitor levels present in concentrated BSG hydrolysates are well tolerated by D. hansenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, INETI, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
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Breuer U, Harms H. Debaryomyces hansenii — an extremophilic yeast with biotechnological potential. Yeast 2006; 23:415-37. [PMID: 16652409 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We illuminate the ecological, physiological and genetic characteristics of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in the view of our belief that this metabolically versatile, non-pathogenic, osmotolerant and oleaginous microorganism represents an attractive target for fundamental and applied biotechnological research. To this end, we give a broad overview of extant biotechnological procedures using D. hansenii, e.g. in the manufacture of various foods, and propose research into the heterologous synthesis of a range of fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Breuer
- UFZ-Centre of Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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29
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Carvalho W, Santos J, Canilha L, Silva S, Perego P, Converti A. Xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Carvalheiro F, Duarte L, Lopes S, Parajó J, Pereira H, Gı́rio F. Evaluation of the detoxification of brewery’s spent grain hydrolysate for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii CCMI 941. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Santos JC, Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Converti A, Silva SS. Evaluation of porous glass and zeolite as cells carriers for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Lin CC, Hsieh PC, Mau JL, Teng DF. Construction of an intergeneric fusion from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Lentinula edodes for xylan degradation and polyol production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Santos JC, Carvalho W, Silva SS, Converti A. Xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate in fluidized bed reactor. Effect of air flowrate. Biotechnol Prog 2003; 19:1210-5. [PMID: 12892483 DOI: 10.1021/bp034042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells of Candida guilliermondii immobilized onto porous glass spheres were cultured batchwise in a fluidized bed bioreactor for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolyzate. An aeration rate of only 25 mL/min ensured minimum yields of xylose consumption (0.60) and biomass production (0.14 g(DM)/g(Xyl)), as well as maximum xylitol yield (0.54 g(Xyt)/g(Xyl)) and ratio of immobilized to total cells (0.83). These results suggest that cell metabolism, although slow because of oxygen limitation, was mainly addressed to xylitol production. A progressive increase in the aeration rate up to 140 mL/min accelerated both xylose consumption (from 0.36 to 0.78 g(Xyl)/L.h) and xylitol formation (from 0.19 to 0.28 g(Xyt)/L.h) but caused the fraction of immobilized to total cells and the xylitol yield to decrease up to 0.22 and 0.36 g(Xyt)/g(Xyl), respectively. The highest xylitol concentration (17.0 g(Xyt)/L) was obtained at 70 mL/min, but the specific xylitol productivity and the xylitol yield were 43% and 22% lower than the corresponding values obtained at the lowest air flowrate, respectively. The concentrations of consumed substrates and formed products were used in material balances to evaluate the xylose fractions consumed by C. guilliermondii for xylitol production, complete oxidation through the hexose monophosphate shunt, and cell growth. The experimental data collected at variable oxygen level allowed estimating a P/O ratio of 1.35 mol(ATP)/mol(O) and overall ATP requirements for biomass growth and maintenance of 3.4 mol(ATP)/C-mol(DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, Rodovia Itajubá-Lorena, km 74.5, P.O. Box 116, 12600-970 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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Converti A, Domínguez JM. Influence of temperature and pH on xylitol production from xylose by Debaryomyces hansenii. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 75:39-45. [PMID: 11536125 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of xylitol from concentrated synthetic xylose solutions (S(o) = 130-135 g/L) by Debaryomyces hansenii was investigated at different pH and temperature values. At optimum starting pH (pH(o) = 5.5), T = 24 degrees C, and relatively low starting biomass levels (0.5-0.6 g(x)/L), 88% of xylose was utilized for xylitol production, the rest being preferentially fermented to ethanol (10%). Under these conditions, nearly 70% of initial carbon was recovered as xylitol, corresponding to final xylitol concentration of 91.9 g(P)/L, product yield on substrate of 0.81 g(P)/g(S), and maximum volumetric and specific productivities of 1.86 g(P)/L x h and 1.43 g(P)/g(x) x h, respectively. At higher and lower pH(o) values, respiration also became important, consuming up to 32% of xylose, while negligible amounts were utilized for cell growth (0.8-1.8%). The same approach extended to the effect of temperature on the metabolism of this yeast at pH(o) = 5.5 and higher biomass levels (1.4-3.0 g(x)/L) revealed that, at temperatures ranging from 32-37 degrees C, xylose was nearly completely consumed to produce xylitol, reaching a maximum volumetric productivity of 4.67 g(P)/L x h at 35 degrees C. Similarly, both respiration and ethanol fermentation became significant either at higher or at lower temperatures. Finally, to elucidate the kinetic mechanisms of both xylitol production and thermal inactivation of the system, the related thermodynamic parameters were estimated from the experimental data with the Arrhenius model: activation enthalpy and entropy were 57.7 kJ/mol and -0.152 kJ/mol x K for xylitol production and 187.3 kJ/mol and 0.054 kJ/mol x K for thermal inactivation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Converti
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering G.B. Bonino, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
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Tavares JM, Duarte LC, Amaral-Collaço MT, Gírio FM. The influence of hexoses addition on the fermentation of d-xylose in Debaryomyces hansenii under continuous cultivation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:743-747. [PMID: 10862880 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hexoses (glucose and galactose) addition to the feed xylose mineral medium of Debaryomyces hansenii chemostat cultures grown at a constant dilution rate of 0.055 h(-1) was studied. Xylitol was the major product detected amongst all tested conditions. The maximal values for xylitol yield and volumetric productivity (0.56 gg(-1) xylose and 0.21 gl(-1)h(-1), respectively) were obtained for a glucose/xylose feeding ratio of 10%, showing that the addition of small amounts of glucose, but not galactose, enhanced the xylitol production. A xylitol yield increase of 30%, compared with the sole xylose-containing feed medium, was observed. It was found that the oxygen requirement for D. hansenii growth is lower under glucose compared with xylose. Ethanol and glycerol were only produced for glucose/xylose feeding ratio above 30%. The byproducts accumulation was correlated with glucose metabolism, because a direct relationship between the increase of ethanol (and glycerol) concentration and the increase of glucose in the feed medium was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Tavares
- Unidade de Microbiologia Industrial e Bioprocessos, Departamento de Biotecnologia, IBQTA, INETI, Azinhaga dos Lameiros 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
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Altamirano A, Vázquez F, de Figueroa LI. Isolation and identification of xylitol-producing yeasts from agricultural residues. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2000; 45:255-8. [PMID: 11271811 DOI: 10.1007/bf02908955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selected yeast strains isolated from corn silage and viticulture residues were screened for their capacities to convert D-xylose into xylitol A conventional TLC was adapted for easy determination of xylose and xylitol in the culture supernatant solutions. This technique is suitable for the first steps of a screening program to select xylitol-producing yeasts from natural environments. Candida tropicalis ASM III (NRRL Y-27290), isolated from corn silage, appears to be a promising strain for xylitol production with a high yield (0.88 g xylitol per g of xylose consumed).
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37
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Rodrigues DCGA, da Silva SS, Felipe MGA. Fed-batch culture of Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 for xylitol production from sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.1999.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Nobre A, Lucas C, Leão C. Transport and utilization of hexoses and pentoses in the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:3594-8. [PMID: 10427054 PMCID: PMC91539 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.8.3594-3598.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/1999] [Accepted: 05/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that is known for its halotolerance. This organism has seldom been mentioned as a pentose consumer. In the present work, a strain of this species was investigated with respect to the utilization of pentoses and hexoses in mixtures and as single carbon sources. Growth parameters were calculated for batch aerobic cultures containing pentoses, hexoses, and mixtures of both types of sugars. Growth on pentoses was slower than growth on hexoses, but the values obtained for biomass yields were very similar with the two types of sugars. Furthermore, when mixtures of two sugars were used, a preference for one carbon source did not inhibit consumption of the other. Glucose and xylose were transported by cells grown on glucose via a specific low-affinity facilitated diffusion system. Cells derepressed by growth on xylose had two distinct high-affinity transport systems for glucose and xylose. The sensitivity of labeled glucose and xylose transport to dissipation of the transmembrane proton gradient by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone allowed us to consider these transport systems as proton symports, although the cells displayed sugar-associated proton uptake exclusively in the presence of NaCl or KCl. When the V(max) values of transport systems for glucose and xylose were compared with glucose- and xylose-specific consumption rates during growth on either sugar, it appeared that transport did not limit the growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nobre
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade do Minho, 4709 Braga Codex, Portugal
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39
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Tavares JM, Duarte LC, Amaral-Collaço M, GıÌrio FM. Phosphate limitation stress induces xylitol overproduction byDebaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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40
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Silva SS, Felipe MG, Mancilha IM. Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts. A review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1998; 70-72:331-9. [PMID: 9627388 DOI: 10.1007/bf02920149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol is a sweetener with important technological properties like anticariogenicity, low caloric value, and negative dissolution heat. Because it can be used successfully in food formulations and pharmaceutical industries, its production is in great demand. Xylitol can be obtained by microbiological process, since many yeasts and filamentous fungi synthesize the xylose reductase enzyme, which catalyses the xylose reduction into xylitol as the first step in the xylose metabolism. The xylitol production by biotechnological means has several economic advantages in comparison with the conventional process based on the chemical reduction of xylose. The efficiency and the productivity of this fermentation chiefly depends upon the microorganism and the process conditions employed. In this mini-review, the most significant upstream parameters on xylitol production by biotechnological process are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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41
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42
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43
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Parajó J, Domínguez H, Domínguez J. Xylitol production from Eucalyptus wood hydrolysates extracted with organic solvents. Process Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(97)00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Parajó J, Dominguez H, Domínguez J. Improved xylitol production with Debaryomyces hansenii Y-7426 from raw or detoxified wood hydrolysates. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Meinander NQ, Hahn-Hägerdal B. Fed-batch xylitol production with two recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing XYL1 at different levels, using glucose as a cosubstrate: A comparison of production parameters and strain stability. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 54:391-9. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970520)54:4<391::aid-bit12>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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47
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48
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49
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Franzén CJ, Albers E, Niklasson C. Use of the inlet gas composition to control the respiratory quotient in microaerobic bioprocesses. Chem Eng Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Silva SS, Vitolo M, Pessoa A, Felipe MGA. Xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities of D-xylose-xylitol-fermentingCandida guilliermondii. J Basic Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620360305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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