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Dweikat IM, Abdelrazeq S, Ayesh S, Jundi T. MEGDEL Syndrome in a Child From Palestine: Report of a Novel Mutation in SERAC1 Gene. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1053-6. [PMID: 25051967 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814541474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the first Palestinian child manifesting with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria psychomotor delay, muscle hypotonia, sensori-neural deafness, and Leigh-like lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a clinical phenotype that is characteristic of MEGDEL syndrome. MEGDEL syndrome was recently found to be caused by mutations in SERAC1, encoding a protein essential for mitochondrial function, phospholipid remodeling, and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. We identified a novel homozygous mutation in SERAC1 gene (c.1018delT) that generates frame shift and premature termination of protein translation. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid lactate, plasma alanine, and respiratory chain complexes in fresh muscle were normal. This report further expands the genetic spectrum of MEGDEL syndrome and adds to the evidence that it is associated with variable patterns of respiratory chain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad M Dweikat
- An-Najah National University, Metabolic. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nablus
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2
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Zapała B, Płatek T, Wybrańska I. A novel TAZ gene mutation and mosaicism in a Polish family with Barth syndrome. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:218-24. [PMID: 25776009 PMCID: PMC4654251 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive disease primarily affecting males. Clinically, the disease is characterized by hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, chronic/cyclic neutropenia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, growth retardation and respiratory chain dysfunction. It is caused by mutations in the TAZ gene coding for the tafazzin protein which is responsible for cardiolipin remodeling. In this work, we present a novel pathogenic TAZ mutation c.83T>A, p.Val28Glu, found in mosaic form in almost all female members of a Polish family. Sanger sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood and from epithelial cells showed female mosaicism in three generations. This appears to be a new mechanism of inheritance and further research is required in order to understand the mechanism of this mosaicism. We conclude that BTHS genetic testing should include two or more tissues for women that appear to be noncarriers when blood DNA is initially tested. The results of our study should not only be applicable to BTHS families, but also to families with other X-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Spergel CD, Milko M, Edwards C, Steinhoff JP. 3-Methylglutaconyl-Coenzyme-A Hydratase Deficiency and the Development of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Res 2014; 5:158-162. [PMID: 28348715 PMCID: PMC5358122 DOI: 10.14740/cr359w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old Canadian male with a history of 3-methylglutaconyl-coenzyme-A hydratase deficiency, also known as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I, a very rare inborn error of metabolism, presented with respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting and signs of multisystem organ failure due to a suspected underlying infectious process. An electrocardiogram revealed bilateral atrial enlargement and an elevated brain natriuretic peptide on the initial laboratory studies, which prompted a more thorough cardiac workup. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a dilated cardiomyopathy with severe systolic dysfunction. The deficient enzyme present in this patient is involved in the pathway of leucine catabolism and is particularly important in various tissues for energy production and sterol synthesis. The dilated cardiomyopathy in this patient possibly had a variety of potential mechanisms including: a mitochondrial myopathy due to the deficiency of this enzyme leading to a defect in energy production inside cardiac myocytes; or a direct toxicity from 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) and its toxic metabolites; or a cardiac dysfunction due to a variety of other potential mechanisms. In conclusion, this patient’s clinical presentation suggested that 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency could cause a severe dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Spergel
- Largo Medical Center, 201 14th Street Southwest, Largo, FL 33770, USA
| | - Mariya Milko
- Largo Medical Center, 201 14th Street Southwest, Largo, FL 33770, USA
| | | | - Jeff P Steinhoff
- Largo Medical Center, 201 14th Street Southwest, Largo, FL 33770, USA
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4
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Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Trubicka J, Werner B, Kokoszynska K, Pajdowska M, Pronicki M, Czarnowska E, Lebiedzinska M, Sykut-Cegielska J, Ziolkowska L, Jaron W, Dobrzanska A, Ciara E, Wieckowski MR, Pronicka E. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and low mitochondrial membrane potential are specific for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:929-37. [PMID: 23361305 PMCID: PMC3825551 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial defect characterised by dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropaenia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGCA). We report on two affected brothers with c.646G > A (p.G216R) TAZ gene mutations. The pathogenicity of the mutation, as indicated by the structure-based functional analyses, was further confirmed by abnormal monolysocardiolipin/cardiolipin ratio in dry blood spots of the patients as well as the occurrence of this mutation in another reported BTHS proband. In both brothers, 2D-echocardiography revealed some features of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) despite marked differences in the course of the disease; the eldest child presented with isolated cardiomyopathy from late infancy, whereas the youngest showed severe lactic acidosis without 3-MGCA during the neonatal period. An examination of the patients' fibroblast cultures revealed that extremely low mitochondrial membrane potentials (mtΔΨ about 50 % of the control value) dominated other unspecific mitochondrial changes detected (respiratory chain dysfunction, abnormal ROS production and depressed antioxidant defense). 1) Our studies confirm generalised mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle and the fibroblasts of BTHS patients, especially a severe impairment in the mtΔΨ and the inhibition of complex V activity. It can be hypothesised that impaired mtΔΨ and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity may contribute to episodes of cardiac arrhythmia that occurred unexpectedly in BTHS patients. 2) Severe lactic acidosis without 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in male neonates as well as an asymptomatic mild left ventricular noncompaction may characterise the ranges of natural history of Barth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Trubicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kokoszynska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pajdowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pronicki
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Ziolkowska
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Jaron
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobrzanska
- Department of Neonatology, Pathology and Intensive Care, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Pronicka
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
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Wortmann SB, Kluijtmans LA, Engelke UFH, Wevers RA, Morava E. The 3-methylglutaconic acidurias: what's new? J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:13-22. [PMID: 20882351 PMCID: PMC3249181 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous group of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA-uria) syndromes includes several inborn errors of metabolism biochemically characterized by increased urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Five distinct types have been recognized: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I is an inborn error of leucine catabolism; the additional four types all affect mitochondrial function through different pathomechanisms. We provide an overview of the expanding clinical spectrum of the 3-MGA-uria types and provide the newest insights into the underlying pathomechanisms. A diagnostic approach to the patient with 3-MGA-uria is presented, and we search for the connection between urinary 3-MGA excretion and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia B. Wortmann
- 833 Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders at the Department of Pediatrics and the Institute of Genetic and Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. Kluijtmans
- 830 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F. H. Engelke
- 830 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- 830 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- 833 Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders at the Department of Pediatrics and the Institute of Genetic and Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Ribeiro CAJ, Hickmann FH, Wajner M. Neurochemical evidence that 3‐methylglutaric acid inhibits synaptic Na
+
,K
+
‐ATPase activity probably through oxidative damage in brain cortex of young rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 29:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto João Ribeiro
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Fernanda Hermes Hickmann
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil
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7
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Wortmann SB, Rodenburg RJT, Jonckheere A, de Vries MC, Huizing M, Heldt K, van den Heuvel LP, Wendel U, Kluijtmans LA, Engelke UF, Wevers RA, Smeitink JAM, Morava E. Biochemical and genetic analysis of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV: a diagnostic strategy. Brain 2008; 132:136-46. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Leipnitz G, Seminotti B, Amaral AU, de Bortoli G, Solano A, Schuck PF, Wyse ATS, Wannmacher CMD, Latini A, Wajner M. Induction of oxidative stress by the metabolites accumulating in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in cerebral cortex of young rats. Life Sci 2008; 82:652-62. [PMID: 18261750 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3-methylglutaconic (MGT), 3-methylglutaric (MGA) and occasionally 3-hydroxyisovaleric (OHIVA) acids accumulate in a group of diseases known as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). Although the clinical presentation of MGTA is mainly characterized by neurological symptoms, the mechanisms of brain damage in this disease are poorly known. In the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of MGT, MGA and OHIVA on various parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex from young rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and chemiluminescence were significantly increased by MGT, MGA and OHIVA, indicating that these metabolites induce lipid oxidative damage. Furthermore, the addition of melatonin, alpha-tocopherol and superoxide dismutase plus catalase fully prevented MGT-induced increase on TBA-RS, suggesting that free radicals were involved in this effect. These metabolites also provoked protein oxidative damage determined by increased carbonyl formation and sulfhydryl oxidation, but did not induce superoxide generation in submitochondrial particles. It was also verified that MGA and MGT significantly decreased the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants and that melatonin and alpha-tocopherol totally blocked MGA-induced GSH reduction. The data indicate that the metabolites accumulating in MGTA elicit oxidative stress in vitro in the cerebral cortex. It is therefore presumed that this pathomechanism may be involved in the brain damage observed in patients affected by MGTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhian Leipnitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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9
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Anikster Y, Kleta R, Shaag A, Gahl WA, Elpeleg O. Type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (optic atrophy plus syndrome, or Costeff optic atrophy syndrome): identification of the OPA3 gene and its founder mutation in Iraqi Jews. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:1218-24. [PMID: 11668429 PMCID: PMC1235533 DOI: 10.1086/324651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Accepted: 09/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MGA) (MIM 258501) is a neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome that consists of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy and later-onset spasticity, extrapyramidal dysfunction, and cognitive deficit. Urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid and of 3-methylglutaric acid is increased. The disorder has been reported in approximately 40 patients of Iraqi Jewish origin, allowing the mapping of the disease to chromosome 19q13.2-q13.3, by linkage analysis. To isolate the causative gene, OPA3, we sequenced four genes within the critical interval and identified, in the intronic sequence of a gene corresponding to cDNA clone FLJ22187, a point mutation that segregated with the type III MGA phenotype. The FLJ22187-cDNA clone, which we identified as the OPA3 gene, consists of two exons and encodes a peptide of 179 amino acid residues. Northern blot analysis revealed a primary transcript of approximately 5.0 kb that was ubiquitously expressed, most prominently in skeletal muscle and kidney. Within the brain, the cerebral cortex, the medulla, the cerebellum, and the frontal lobe, compared to other parts of the brain, had slightly increased expression. The intronic G-->C mutation abolished mRNA expression in fibroblasts from affected patients and was detected in 8 of 85 anonymous Israeli individuals of Iraqi Jewish origin. Milder mutations in OPA3 should be sought in patients with optic atrophy with later onset, even in the absence of additional neurological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Anikster
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Metabolic Disease Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - Robert Kleta
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Metabolic Disease Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Metabolic Disease Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - William A. Gahl
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Metabolic Disease Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Metabolic Disease Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem
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10
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De Kremer RD, Paschini-Capra A, Bacman S, Argaraña C, Civallero G, Kelley RI, Guelbert N, Latini A, Noher de Halac I, Giner-Ayala A, Johnston J, Proujansky R, Gonzalez I, Depetris-Boldini C, Oller-Ramírez A, Angaroni C, Theaux RA, Hliba E, Juaneda E. Barth's syndrome-like disorder: a new phenotype with a maternally inherited A3243G substitution of mitochondrial DNA (MELAS mutation). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 99:83-93. [PMID: 11241464 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(2001)9999:9999<::aid-ajmg1136>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An Argentine male child died at 4.5 years of age of a lethal mitochondrial disease associated with a MELAS mutation and a Barth syndrome-like presentation. The child had severe failure to thrive from the early months and for approximately two years thereafter. In addition, the patient had severely delayed gross motor milestones, marked muscle weakness, and dilated cardiomyopathy that progressed to congestive heart failure. He also had persistently elevated urinary levels of 3-methylglutaconic and 2-ethylhydracrylic acids and low blood levels of cholesterol. Detailed histopathologic evaluation of the skeletal muscle biopsy showed high activity of succinate dehydrogenase, a generalized decrease of COX activity, and abundant ragged-red fibers. Electron microscopic studies revealed multiple mitochondrial abnormalities in lymphocytes and monocytes, in the striated muscle, and in the postmortem samples (muscle, heart, liver, and brain). Biochemical analysis showed a pronounced and constant lactic acidosis, and abnormal urinary organic acid excretion (unchanged in the fasting and postprandial states). In addition, in CSF there was a marked increase of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HOB) and also a high systemic ratio beta-HOB/acetoacetate. Enzymatic assay of the respiratory chain in biopsied muscle showed 10% of complex I activity and 24% of complex IV activity compared with controls. Molecular studies of the mitochondrial genome revealed an A to G mutation at nucleotide pair 3243 in mitochondrial DNA, a well-known pathogenetic mutation (MELAS mutation) in all the patient's tissues and also in the blood specimens of the probands mother and sibs (4 of 5). The diagnosis of MELAS mutation was reinforced by the absence of an identifiable mutation in the X-linked G4.5 gene of the propositus. The present observation gives additional evidence of the variable clinical expression of mtDNA mutations in humans and demonstrates that all clinical variants deserve adequate investigation to establish a primary defect. It also suggests adding Barth-like syndrome to the list of phenotypes with the MELAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D De Kremer
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas, Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital de Niños, Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Guertl B, Noehammer C, Hoefler G. Metabolic cardiomyopathies. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:349-72. [PMID: 11298185 PMCID: PMC2517748 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2001] [Accepted: 01/29/2001] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy needed by cardiac muscle to maintain proper function is supplied by adenosine Ariphosphate primarily (ATP) production through breakdown of fatty acids. Metabolic cardiomyopathies can be caused by disturbances in metabolism, for example diabetes mellitus, hypertrophy and heart failure or alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Deficiency in enzymes of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation show a varying degree of cardiac manifestation. Aberrations of mitochondrial DNA lead to a wide variety of cardiac disorders, without any obvious correlation between genotype and phenotype. A completely different pathogenetic model comprises cardiac manifestation of systemic metabolic diseases caused by deficiencies of various enzymes in a variety of metabolic pathways. Examples of these disorders are glycogen storage diseases (e.g. glycogenosis type II and III), lysosomal storage diseases (e.g. Niemann-Pick disease, Gaucher disease, I-cell disease, various types of mucopolysaccharidoses, GM1 gangliosidosis, galactosialidosis, carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes and Sandhoff's disease). There are some systemic diseases which can also affect the heart, for example triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, hereditary haemochromatosis, CD 36 defect or propionic acidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guertl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Graz, Austria.
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12
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Barth PG, Wanders RJ, Vreken P, Janssen EA, Lam J, Baas F. X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome) (MIM 302060). J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:555-67. [PMID: 10407787 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005568609936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy, neutropenia and abnormal mitochondria (MIM 302060) (synonyms: Barth syndrome, 3-methylglutaconic acid-uria type II, endocardial fibroelastosis type 2) has been reported in patients and families from Europe, North America and Australia. Previous studies characterized the main components of the disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria and diminished statural growth. Respiratory chain impairments have been found in several studies, without pinpointing a single enzyme complex. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria is shared with several other disorders that affect the respiratory chain. Previous studies excluded a block in the major pathway of leucine catabolism. We performed leucine loading, accompanied by fasting, in patients and observed a significant rise of 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-methylglutaric acid. Taken together with the absence of an enzymatic block in the major leucine catabolic route, the possibility remains that the increased basal excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid and other products of branched-chain amino acids is the result of overload of this pathway or--more likely--mitochondrial leakage. Linkage studies have localized the gene to the Xq28 region. The associated tafazzin gene (TAZ), has been fully characterized recently, and mutations located in conserved regions have been reported. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis have now become possible through mutation analysis. Sequence homology of the TAZ gene to a highly conserved superclass of acyltransferases (Neuwald's hypothesis) predicts a glycerophospholipid as the missing end product. This points to the (lipid) structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane as a promising new area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Barth
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Melov S, Coskun P, Patel M, Tuinstra R, Cottrell B, Jun AS, Zastawny TH, Dizdaroglu M, Goodman SI, Huang TT, Miziorko H, Epstein CJ, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial disease in superoxide dismutase 2 mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:846-51. [PMID: 9927656 PMCID: PMC15313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.3.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in many diseases. The chief source of reactive oxygen species within the cell is the mitochondrion. We have characterized a variety of the biochemical and metabolic effects of inactivation of the mouse gene for the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (CD1-Sod2(tm1Cje)). The Sod2 mutant mice exhibit a tissue-specific inhibition of the respiratory chain enzymes NADH-dehydrogenase (complex I) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), inactivation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme aconitase, development of a urine organic aciduria in conjunction with a partial defect in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage. These results indicate that the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species can result in biochemical aberrations with features reminiscent of mitochondrial myopathy, Friedreich ataxia, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Costeff H, Apter N, Elpeleg ON, Prialnic M, Böhles HJ. Ineffectiveness of oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 3. Brain Dev 1998; 20:33-5. [PMID: 9533558 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(97)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 was administered under placebo controlled blinded crossover conditions to six subjects suffering from type 3 3-methylglutaconic aciduria ('optic atrophy plus'), following a report of benefit. Despite attainment of high plasma levels of coenzyme Q10, no clinical benefit was observed and there was no diminution of urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Costeff
- Loewenstein Hospital, Raanana, Israel
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