1
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Huynh TN, Parker R. The PARN, TOE1, and USB1 RNA deadenylases and their roles in non-coding RNA regulation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105139. [PMID: 37544646 PMCID: PMC10493513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulated by transcription, RNA processing, and RNA degradation pathways. One mechanism for the degradation of ncRNAs involves the addition of oligo(A) tails by non-canonical poly(A) polymerases, which then recruit processive sequence-independent 3' to 5' exonucleases for RNA degradation. This pathway of decay is also regulated by three 3' to 5' exoribonucleases, USB1, PARN, and TOE1, which remove oligo(A) tails and thereby can protect ncRNAs from decay in a manner analogous to the deubiquitination of proteins. Loss-of-function mutations in these genes lead to premature degradation of some ncRNAs and lead to specific human diseases such as Poikiloderma with Neutropenia (PN) for USB1, Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) for PARN and Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 7 (PCH7) for TOE1. Herein, we review the biochemical properties of USB1, PARN, and TOE1, how they modulate ncRNA levels, and their roles in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Roy Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Warren JT, Link DC. Impaired myelopoiesis in congenital neutropenia: insights into clonal and malignant hematopoiesis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2021; 2021:514-520. [PMID: 34889405 PMCID: PMC8791126 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of both congenital and acquired forms of bone marrow failure is an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Indeed, the development of MDS or AML is now the major cause of mortality in patients with congenital neutropenia. Thus, there is a pressing clinical need to develop better strategies to prevent, diagnose early, and treat MDS/AML in patients with congenital neutropenia and other bone marrow failure syndromes. Here, we discuss recent data characterizing clonal hematopoiesis and progression to myeloid malignancy in congenital neutropenia, focusing on severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. We summarize recent studies showing excellent outcomes after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for many (but not all) patients with congenital neutropenia, including patients with SCN with active myeloid malignancy who underwent transplantation. Finally, we discuss how these new data inform the current clinical management of patients with congenital neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Connelly JA. Diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making for the neutropenic patient. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2021; 2021:492-503. [PMID: 34889413 PMCID: PMC8791128 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Determining the cause of a low neutrophil count in a pediatric or adult patient is essential for the hematologist's clinical decision-making. Fundamental to this diagnostic process is establishing the presence or lack of a mature neutrophil storage pool, as absence places the patient at higher risk for infection and the need for supportive care measures. Many diagnostic tests, eg, a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow biopsy, remain important tools, but greater understanding of the diversity of neutropenic disorders has added new emphasis on evaluating for immune disorders and genetic testing. In this article, a structure is provided to assess patients based on the mechanism of neutropenia and to prioritize testing based on patient age and hypothesized pathophysiology. Common medical quandaries including fever management, need for growth factor support, risk of malignant transformation, and curative options in congenital neutropenia are reviewed to guide medical decision-making in neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Connelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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4
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Peyrony O, Dumas G, Legay L, Principe A, Franchitti J, Simonetta M, Verrat A, Amami J, Milacic H, Bragança A, Gillet A, Resche-Rigon M, Fontaine JP, Azoulay E. Central venous oxygen saturation is not predictive of early complications in cancer patients presenting to the emergency department. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:281-289. [PMID: 30306323 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) is easily observable in oncology patients with long-term central venous catheters (CVC), and has been studied as a prognostic factor in patients with sepsis. We sought to investigate the association between ScvO2 and early complications in cancer patients presenting to the ED. We prospectively enrolled adult cancer patients with pre-existing CVC who presented to the ED. ScvO2 was measured on their CVC. The outcome was admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or mortality by day 7. ScvO2 was first studied as a continuous variable (%) with a ROC analysis and as a categorical variable (cut-off at < 70%) with a multivariate analysis. A total of 210 cancer patients were enrolled. At baseline, ScvO2 showed no significant difference between patients who were admitted to the ICU or died before day 7, and patients who did not (67%; IQR 62-68% vs. 71%; IQR 65-78% respectively, P = 0.3). The ROC analysis showed the absence of discrimination accuracy for ScvO2 to predict the outcome (AUC = 0.56). By multivariate analysis, ScvO2 < 70% was not associated with the outcome (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.64-4.36). Variables that were associated with ICU admission or death by day 7 included a shock-index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) > 1 and a performance status > 2 (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.81-12.52 and OR 6.23, 95% CI 2.40-16.17, respectively). This study does not support the use of ScvO2 to risk stratify cancer patients presenting to the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Peyrony
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Léa Legay
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Principe
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jessica Franchitti
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marie Simonetta
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anne Verrat
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jihed Amami
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Milacic
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Adélia Bragança
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ariane Gillet
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Resche-Rigon
- Biostatistics and Medical Information Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-INSERM-UMR1153), ECSTRRA Team, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Fontaine
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-INSERM-UMR1153), ECSTRRA Team, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
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5
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Abstract
Periodic hematological diseases such as cyclical neutropenia or cyclical thrombocytopenia, with their characteristic oscillations of circulating neutrophils or platelets, may pose grave problems for patients. Likewise, periodically administered chemotherapy has the unintended side effect of establishing periodic fluctuations in circulating white cells, red cell precursors and/or platelets. These fluctuations, either spontaneous or induced, often have serious consequences for the patient (e.g. neutropenia, anemia, or thrombocytopenia respectively) which exogenously administered cytokines can partially correct. The question of when and how to administer these drugs is a difficult one for clinicians and not easily answered. In this paper we use a simple model consisting of a delay differential equation with a piecewise linear nonlinearity, that has a periodic solution, to model the effect of a periodic disease or periodic chemotherapy. We then examine the response of this toy model to both single and periodic perturbations, meant to mimic the drug administration, as a function of the drug dose and the duration and frequency of its administration to best determine how to avoid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C De Souza
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, Scotland.
| | - Michael C Mackey
- Departments of Physiology, Physics and Mathematics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Zermatten MG, Koenig C, von Allmen A, Agyeman P, Ammann RA. Episodes of fever in neutropenia in pediatric patients with cancer in Bern, Switzerland, 1993-2012. Sci Data 2019; 6:180304. [PMID: 30644854 PMCID: PMC6335615 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever in neutropenia (FN) is the most frequent potentially life threatening complication of chemotherapy for cancer. Prediction of the risk to develop complications, integrated into clinical decision rules, would allow for risk-stratified treatment of FN. This retrospective, single center cohort study in pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer before 17 years, covered two decades, 1993 to 2012. In total, 703 FN episodes in 291 patients with chemotherapy (maximum per patient, 9) were reported here. Twenty-nine characteristics of FN were collected: 6 were patient- and cancer-related, 8 were characteristics of history, 8 of clinical examination, and 7 laboratory results in peripheral blood, all known at FN diagnosis. In total 28 FN outcomes were assessed: 8 described treatment of FN, 6 described microbiologically defined infections (MDI), 4 clinically defined infections, 4 were additional clinical composite outcomes, and 6 outcomes were related to discharge. These data can mainly be used to study FN characteristics and their association with outcomes over time and between centers, and for derivation and external validation of clinical decision rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime G. Zermatten
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Philipp Agyeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wojdyla T, Mehta H, Glaubach T, Bertolusso R, Iwanaszko M, Braun R, Corey SJ, Kimmel M. Mutation, drift and selection in single-driver hematologic malignancy: Example of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment of inherited neutropenia. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006664. [PMID: 30615612 PMCID: PMC6336352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is driven by series of events involving mutations, which may become fixed in a tumor via genetic drift and selection. This process usually includes a limited number of driver (advantageous) mutations and a greater number of passenger (neutral or mildly deleterious) mutations. We focus on a real-world leukemia model evolving on the background of a germline mutation. Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) evolves to secondary myelodysplastic syndrome (sMDS) and/or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) in 30–40%. The majority of SCN cases are due to a germline ELANE mutation. Acquired mutations in CSF3R occur in >70% sMDS/sAML associated with SCN. Hypotheses underlying our model are: an ELANE mutation causes SCN; CSF3R mutations occur spontaneously at a low rate; in fetal life, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expands quickly, resulting in a high probability of several tens to several hundreds of cells with CSF3R truncation mutations; therapeutic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration early in life exerts a strong selective pressure, providing mutants with a growth advantage. Applying population genetics theory, we propose a novel two-phase model of disease development from SCN to sMDS. In Phase 1, hematopoietic tissues expand and produce tens to hundreds of stem cells with the CSF3R truncation mutation. Phase 2 occurs postnatally through adult stages with bone marrow production of granulocyte precursors and positive selection of mutants due to chronic G-CSF therapy to reverse the severe neutropenia. We predict the existence of the pool of cells with the mutated truncated receptor before G-CSF treatment begins. The model does not require increase in mutation rate under G-CSF treatment and agrees with age distribution of sMDS onset and clinical sequencing data. Cancer develops by multistep acquisition of mutations in a progenitor cell and its daughter cells. Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) manifests itself through an inability to produce enough granulocytes to prevent infections. SCN commonly results from a germline ELANE mutation. Large doses of the blood growth factor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rescue granulocyte production. However, SCN frequently transforms to a myeloid malignancy, commonly associated with a somatic mutation in CSF3R, the gene encoding the G-CSF Receptor. We built a mathematical model of evolution for CSF3R mutation starting with bone marrow expansion at the fetal development stage and continuing with postnatal competition between normal and malignant bone marrow cells. We employ tools of probability theory such as multitype branching processes and Moran models modified to account for expansion of hematopoiesis during human development. With realistic coefficients, we obtain agreement with the age range at which malignancy arises in patients. In addition, our model predicts the existence of a pool of cells with mutated CSF3R before G-CSF treatment begins. Our findings may be clinically applied to intervene more effectively and selectively in SCN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wojdyla
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Hrishikesh Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Taly Glaubach
- Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Hospital Medicine, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Roberto Bertolusso
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Marta Iwanaszko
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine–Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL United States of America
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Department of Preventive Medicine–Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL United States of America
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL United States of America
| | - Seth J. Corey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marek Kimmel
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Ali F, Alsayegh F, Sharma P, Waheedi M, Bayoud T, Alrefai F. White blood cell subpopulation changes and prevalence of neutropenia among Arab diabetic patients attending Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193920. [PMID: 29547660 PMCID: PMC5856345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of diabetes mellitus on the differential white blood cell count are not widely studied in the Arab populations. The objective of this cross-sectional, retrospective study is to assess the influence of chronic diabetes mellitus on white blood cell counts, absolute neutrophil (ANC) and lymphocyte counts (ALC) as well as the prevalence of benign ethnic neutropenia among Arabs attending the Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI) in Kuwait. METHODS AND FINDINGS 1,580 out of 5,200 patients registered in the DDI database qualified for our study. Age, gender, HbA1c and creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate as well as average WBC, ANC and ALC levels, presence of diabetes-associated complications and anti-diabetic medications were analyzed. Our results showed the mean value of the WBC was 7.6 ± 1.93 x 109/L (95% CI: 2.95-17.15). The mean ANC was 4.3 x 109/L (95% CI: 0.97-10.40) and mean ALC was 2.5 x 109/L (95% CI: 0.29-10.80). Neutropenia (ANC: <1.5 x 109/L) was detected in fifteen patients (0.94%). Six patients (0.4%) fulfilled the definition of lymphopenia (ALC < 1 x109/L). Patients with an HbA1c ≥ 7% and those taking at least 3 anti-diabetic medications showed higher values for ANC and ALC. Patients with diabetes-associated neuropathy or nephropathy displayed higher mean ANC values. Our study was limited by overrepresentation of patients over 50 years old compared to those under 50 as well as selection bias given its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that patients with poorly controlled diabetes displayed higher ANC and ALC levels. In addition, patients with DM-associated complications showed higher ANC levels. This finding would suggest that DM exerts a pro-inflammatory influence on differential WBC counts. Our study also showed that the prevalence of benign ethnic neutropenia was lower than previously reported in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center–Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Alsayegh
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center–Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Prem Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center–Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Waheedi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center–Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Tania Bayoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center–Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
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9
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Das A, Gupta A, Das S. ST segment elevations in a patient with neutropenic fever. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 40:e7-e8. [PMID: 28003106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avash Das
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Arjun Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesiosis, a zoonotic parasitic infection transmitted by the Ixodes tick, has become an emerging health problem in humans that is attracting attention worldwide. Most cases of human babesiosis are reported in the United States and Europe. The disease is caused by the protozoa of the genus Babesia, which invade human erythrocytes and lyse them causing a febrile hemolytic anemia. The infection is usually asymptomatic or self-limited in the immunocompetent host, or follows a persistent, relapsing, and/or life threatening course with multi-organ failure, mainly in the splenectomized or immunosuppressed patients. Hematologic manifestations of the disease are common. They can range from mild anemia, to severe pancytopenia, splenic rupture, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), or even hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). CASE PRESENTATION A 70 year old immunocompetent female patient living in New York City presented with a persistent fever, night sweats, and fatigue of 5 days duration. Full evaluation showed a febrile hemolytic anemia along with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Blood smear revealed intraerythrocytic Babesia, which was confirmed by PCR. Bone marrow biopsy was remarkable for dyserythropoiesis, suggesting possible HLH, supported by other blood workup meeting HLH-2004 trial criteria. CONCLUSION Human babesiosis is an increasing healthcare problem in the United States that is being diagnosed more often nowadays. We presented a case of HLH triggered by Babesia microti that was treated successfully. Also, we presented the hematologic manifestations of this disease along with their pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Akel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305 USA
| | - Neville Mobarakai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305 USA
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11
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Bartocci A, Laino D, Di Cara G, Verrotti A. Epilepsy in Kostmann syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:359-62. [PMID: 26319127 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-015-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bartocci
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy.
| | - D Laino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Di Cara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Wang XJ, Wong CM, Chan A. Psychometric Properties of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Neutropenia in Asian Cancer Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 52:428-36. [PMID: 27392885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Neutropenia (FACT-N) is a neutropenia-specific questionnaire to assess patients' health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of FACT-N among cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study included multiethnic Asian cancer patients. Patients completed the questionnaires within seven days after diagnosed with CIN. Eligible patients completed either the English or Chinese version of the EuroQol 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) and the FACT-N once, according to their language preference. The reliability was evaluated by using Cronbach alpha (α). The known-group validity was assessed based on patient's Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, neutropenia grade, and experience of fever. The convergent validity was evaluated by contrasting the FACT-N subscales with the EQ-5D domains. Multiple linear regression models were performed to compare the FACT-N total scores between the two language versions. RESULTS A total of 276 eligible patients (200 English speaking and 76 Chinese speaking) were included in this study. Internal consistencies within the FACT-N subscales were satisfactory (Cronbach α = 0.71-0.85), except for the flu-like symptoms subscale (Cronbach α = 0.67). For known-group validity, the FACT-N total score could differentiate patients according to their Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P < 0.001), neutropenia grade (P = 0.028), and experience of fever (P < 0.001). The correlations between the FACT-N subscales and their hypothesized constructs in EQ-5D domains were weak to moderate (|r| = 0.15-0.44). The measurement equivalence between the English and Chinese versions was established for the FACT-N total scores. CONCLUSION The FACT-N is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in clinical practice to evaluate the health-related quality of life among multiethnic Asian patients with CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Man Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Hantaweepant C, Chinthammitr Y, Siritanaratkul N. Anemia and Neutropenia in Copper-Deficient Patients: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. J Med Assoc Thai 2016; 99:732-736. [PMID: 29901325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper deficiency is an uncommon, but treatable cause of hematologic abnormalities. We present and describe two interesting cases in this report. The first case was a 37-year-old man with history of short bowel syndrome and long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) presenting with pancytopenia and chronic symmetrical polyarthritis that resembled rheumatoid arthritis. The second case was a 64-year-old man with malabsorption from Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome (CCS) and history of subtotal gastrectomy presenting with macrocytic anemia and neutropenia. Bone marrow examination in both cases revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization of myeloid and erythroid precursors. After copper supplementation was initiated, hematological abnormalities and arthritis were significantly improved. We encourage clinicians to recognize early and identify copper deficiency in patients who have unexplained cytopenia, especially if there is history of upper gastrointestinal tract surgery, malabsorption, or long-term TPN.
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Fattizzo B, Zaninoni A, Consonni D, Zanella A, Gianelli U, Cortelezzi A, Barcellini W. Is chronic neutropenia always a benign disease? Evidences from a 5-year prospective study. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:611-5. [PMID: 26066399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate infections and oncohematologic evolution in adult patients with chronic idiopathic and autoimmune neutropenia in a prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS 76 consecutive patients were enrolled from September 2008 to April 2012. Complete blood counts and clinical evaluation were performed at enrolment, at month 3, 6, and then every 6 months. Anti-neutrophil antibodies were tested by GIFT method. RESULTS Patients (49 chronic idiopathic- and 27 autoimmune neutropenia) were followed for a median of 5 years (range 24-84 months). At enrolment, neutropenia was mild in 44 patients (median neutrophils 1.27×10(3)/μL), moderate in 23 (median 0.8×10(3)/μL), and severe in 9 (median 0.4×10(3)/μL). Neutrophil counts showed a great inter-subject but no intra-subject variability, with lower values in autoimmune neutropenia, in males, and in MGUS cases. Over time, no grade >3 infections occurred; 13/49 chronic idiopathic and 6/27 autoimmune neutropenia patients experienced a grade 2 event, irrespective of mean and nadir neutrophil values. Bone marrow evaluation at enrolment showed reduced cellularity in 23% of cases, and dyserythropoietic features in 55%, with no definite hematologic diagnosis. During the follow-up, 5 cases were diagnosed with NK expansion, 4 with hairy cell leukemia, and 3 with myelodysplasia (1 myelomonocytic leukemia, 1 refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia, and 1 multilineage dysplasia), with a median time to evolution of 30 months. CONCLUSION Chronic idiopathic and autoimmune neutropenia, although usually benign, deserve hematological follow-up with a bone marrow evaluation at diagnosis and a re-evaluation in the presence of worsening neutropenia, appearance of additional cytopenias, and lymphocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fattizzo
- U.O. Oncoematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Zaninoni
- U.O. Oncoematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- U.O. Epidemiologia, Dipartimento della Medicina Preventiva, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- U.O. Oncoematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Servizio di Ematopatologia, U.O. di Patologia, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia e Trapianti, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano e Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- U.O. Oncoematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano e Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- U.O. Oncoematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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15
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Block MS, Brindis M, Block CA, Berron JM. Full-Arch Rehabilitation of a Patient With Cyclic Neutropenia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:1734.e1-10. [PMID: 25913513 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to discuss the treatment of a patient with cyclic neutropenia. This patient presented with flared teeth, thin alveolar bone, and mobile teeth. A staged approach was used to remove her teeth, augment the bone, use immediate fixed provisional to determine the type of final prostheses, and ultimately to use cone-shaped overdenture attachments to retain her final prostheses. The result was rehabilitation of the patient with esthetic full-arch fixed-removable dentures with no adverse sequelae in this patient with this systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Brindis
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA
| | - Celeste A Block
- Former Dental Student, Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA; Current Resident in Orthodontics, University of Tennessee School of Dentistry, Memphis, TN
| | - Joaquin M Berron
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA
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16
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Ullenhag GJ, Rossmann E, Liljefors M. A phase I dose-escalation study of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121197. [PMID: 25837499 PMCID: PMC4383423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lenalidomide have both immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties which could confer anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of combining lenalidomide with the standard treatment gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer patients with advanced disease. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Patients received lenalidomide days 1–21 orally and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously (days 1, 8 and 15), each 28 day cycle. Three cohorts of lenalidomide were examined (Cohort I = 15 mg, Cohort II = 20 mg and Cohort III = 25 mg daily). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide given in combination with gemcitabine was defined as the highest dose level at which no more than one out of four (25%) subjects experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Patients should also be able to receive daily low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (e.g. dalteparin 5000 IU s.c. daily) as a prophylactic anticoagulant for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). Twelve patients (n = 4, n = 3 and n = 5 in cohort I, II and III, respectively) were enrolled in this study. Results Median duration of treatment was 11 weeks (range 1–66), and median number of treatment cycles were three (range 1–14). The only DLT was a cardiac failure grade 3 in cohort III. Frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) (all grades) included neutropenia, leucopenia and fatigue (83% each, but there was no febrile neutropenia); thrombocytopenia (75%); dermatological toxicity (75%); diarrhea and nausea (42% each); and neuropathy (42%). Discussion This phase I study demonstrates the feasibility of the combination of lenalidomide and gemcitabine as first-line treatment in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The tolerability profile demonstrated in the dose escalation schedule of lenalidomide suggests the dosing of lenalidomide to be 25 mg daily on days 1–21 with standard dosing of gemcitabine and merits further evaluation in a phase II trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01547260
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J. Ullenhag
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Rossmann
- Department of Oncology and Pathology (Radiumhemmet), Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Liljefors
- Department of Oncology and Pathology (Radiumhemmet), Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia T Hegerova
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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18
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Saito T, Aiba K. [Pathophysiology and diagnosis of cancer patients with febrile neutropenia]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2013; 40:684-687. [PMID: 23863643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous pyrogens induce several cytokines which activate immune responses, and produce fever. In Japan, febrile neutropenia is defined as having an axillary temperature of>37. 5°C, and neutropenia showing an absolute neutrophil count (ANC)of<500 cells/mL or an ANC that is expected to reduce to<500 cells/mL during the next 48 hours. Signs and symptoms of inflammation are often attenuated or absent in neutropenic patients. Therefore, careful physical examination is required to detect subtle symptoms and signs of infection. As an initial assessment, laboratory tests should include the following: a ) complete blood cell count with differential leukocyte count and platelet count, b ) measurement of serum levels of creatinine, electrolytes, and hepatic transaminase enzymes, c ) serologic assay for fungal infection, and d ) at least 2 sets of blood cultures. Radiographical approaches are also important for detecting the focus of infection. Proper risk classification should be performed using the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer(MASCC)scoring system to distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Optimal oncologic care of older men with prostate cancer, including effective prevention and management of the disease and treatment side effects (so-called best supportive care measures) can prolong survival, improve quality of life, and reduce depressive symptoms. In addition, the proportion of treatment discontinuations can be reduced through early reporting and management of side effects. Pharmacologic care may be offered to manage the side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy and chemotherapy, which may include hot flashes, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, and diarrhea. Nonpharmacologic care (e.g., physical exercise, acupuncture, relaxation) has also been shown to benefit patients. At the Georges Pompidou European Hospital, the Program of Optimization of Chemotherapy Administration has demonstrated that improved outpatient follow-up by supportive care measures can reduce the occurrence of chemotherapy-related side effects, reduce cancellations and modifications of treatment, reduce chemotherapy wastage, and reduce the length of stay in the outpatient unit. The importance of supportive care measures to optimize management and outcomes of older men with advanced prostate cancer should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scotté
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France.
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20
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Chen CK, Wu SH, Huang YC. Herpetic gingivostomatitis with severe hepatitis in a previously healthy child. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; 45:324-325. [PMID: 22572002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A previously healthy boy aged 9 years and 11 months was admitted due to herpetic gingivostomatitis with poor intake. He also had fever, neutropenia, and elevated serum aminotransferase level (> 1000 IU/mL). Prolonged prothrombin time, mild gastrointestinal hemorrhage and transient decreased conscious level were noted during hospital days 2 and 3. Intravenous acyclovir therapy commenced on hospital day 2 and his serum aminotransferase level peaked (> 4000 IU/mL) on hospital day 3 and then improved gradually. A throat swab was positive for human herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, serological test was positive for acute primary HSV-1 infection, and a blood specimen was also strongly positive for HSV-1 by polymerase chain reaction. He received a 14-day course of intravenous acyclovir and recovered uneventfully. Herpetic gingivostomatitis, although mostly benign and self-limited, may be complicated with severe hepatitis, even in immunocompetent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kuei Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Ikbal M, Eker HK, Tos T, Alp MY, Cebi AH. A case of onycotricodysplasia with intellectual disability, without neutropenia. Genet Couns 2012; 23:389-392. [PMID: 23072187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Onychotrichodysplasia, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, presents with hypoplastic fingernails, trichorrhexis, chronic neutropenia, and psychomotor retardation. Here, we describe a rare presentation of a child with onycotrichodysplasia associated with intellectual disability, but without neutropenia. He had sparse, short, dry, curly hair, dysplastic nails and intellectual disability. In contrast to cases described earlier, our patient had normal neutrophil count.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ikbal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a common autosomal recessive neutropenia in Border collie dogs. RESULTS We used a candidate gene approach and linkage analysis to show that the causative gene for TNS is VPS13B. We chose VPS13B as a candidate because of similarities in clinical signs between TNS and Cohen syndrome, in human, such as neutropenia and a typical facial dysmorphism. Linkage analysis using microsatellites close to VPS13B showed positive linkage of the region to TNS. We sequenced each of the 63 exons of VPS13B in affected and control dogs and found that the causative mutation in Border collies is a 4 bp deletion in exon 19 of the largest transcript that results in premature truncation of the protein. Cohen syndrome patients present with mental retardation in 99% of cases, but learning disabilities featured in less than half of TNS affected dogs. It has been implied that loss of the alternate transcript of VPS13B in the human brain utilising an alternate exon, 28, may cause mental retardation. Mice cannot be used to test this hypothesis as they do not express the alternate exon. We show that dogs do express alternate transcripts in the brain utilising an alternate exon homologous to human exon 28. CONCLUSION Dogs can be used as a model organism to explore the function of the alternately spliced transcript of VPS13B in the brain. TNS in Border collies is the first animal model for Cohen syndrome and can be used to study the disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Shearman
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Alan N Wilton
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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23
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Okada S, Nakamura K, Kobayashi M. [Hematological malignancies in congenital neutropenia]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2010; 51:553-558. [PMID: 20693776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Jin J, Lee YM, Ding Y, Koh LP, Lim SE, Lim R, Tambyah PA, Hsu LY. Prospective audit of febrile neutropenia management at a tertiary university hospital in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 2010; 39:453-459. [PMID: 20625621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Oncology/Haematology units. We launched a new protocol for FN management that incorporates risk stratification at our institute from October 2008. An audit was performed concurrently to evaluate the protocol and to define the epidemiology of FN locally. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case records of all inpatients with FN between October 2008 and June 2009 were reviewed prospectively. Clinical and microbiological characteristics were collated along with outcomes and programme adherence. Statistical testing was performed using Stata 10.1. RESULTS There were 178 FN episodes (50 in patients with solid cancers) from 131 patients. Forty-two (23.6%) episodes were classified as high-risk according to MASCC criteria. Initial blood cultures were positive in 49 (27.5%) episodes, of which gram-negative bacilli (GNB) predominated. Overall compliance to the protocol was 56.7%, with the main issue being disinclination to use oral antibiotics as fi rst-line empirical therapy for low-risk episodes. Overall mortality was 7.3% and infection-related mortality was 4.5%. High-risk FN and the presence of central venous catheters were independently associated with bacteraemia on multivariate analysis, but there were no independent predictors of infection-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS GNB accounted for the majority of bloodstream infections at our institute, unlike data from developed countries. Uptake of the new FN protocol was satisfactory, although the use of oral antibiotics as fi rst-line empirical therapy can be improved. A better method for predicting infections caused by antibiotic-resistant GNB is urgently required, and antibiotic resistance trends should be monitored to enable the implementation of more appropriate antibiotic regimens over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Office of Biomedical Research, National University Hospital, Singapore
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25
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Abstract
The incidence of drug-induced neutropenia has not changed in the western hemisphere over the last 30 years. Yet, the drug panorama has changed considerably. This implies that host factors may play an intriguing role for this idiosyncratic reaction. The knowledge as to mechanisms for the reaction has advanced with emerging understanding of neutropoiesis and immune regulation. Nonetheless, it is still remarkably difficult to pinpoint why and how a drug causes this unexpected, severe adverse event in a patient. Patient characteristics, e.g. genetics, appear to be keys for better understanding, predictions and prevention. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tesfa
- Departments of Medicine and Hematology Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Abstract
Rituximab has been associated with the development of late-onset neutropenia (LON). As only heterogeneous studies have been conducted, its incidence and clinical course remain unclear. We aim to: (1) study the incidence and clinical relevance of WHO grade 3/4 LON in a uniform group of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in complete remission following curative rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (RCHOP) chemotherapy; (2) ascertain predictive factors for LON. The 121 eligible patients identified from our prospectively maintained database were followed up for occurrence of WHO grade 3/4 LON. The clinical course of LON was documented, and its relationship with patient- and tumor-related factors was analyzed. With a median follow-up of 883 days (range, 265-1762), 13.2% had developed LON of grade 3/4. The median time to neutrophil nadir was 129 days (range, 39-277). The median time to recovery was 69 days (range, 3-349) and occurred in all except two patients. Only one episode of nonlife threatening bacterial culture-positive urinary tract infection and pulmonary tuberculosis, both occurring in the same patient was documented. Results of Fischer's exact test revealed that age, stage, LDH level, ECOG, marrow involvement, and hematologic parameters did not predict for LON development. WHO grade 3/4 LON is not infrequent in patients with DLBCL receiving RCHOP. Even so, it is reassuring that LON is self-limiting and unassociated with life-threatening infection. A watchful waiting approach is appropriate in majority of patients who develop LON following RCHOP. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Wallin JE, Friberg LE, Karlsson MO. A tool for neutrophil guided dose adaptation in chemotherapy. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2009; 93:283-291. [PMID: 19084287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy dosing in anticancer treatment is a balancing act between achieving concentrations that are effective towards the malignancy and that result in acceptable side-effects. Neutropenia is one major side-effect of many antitumor agents, and is related to an increased risk of infection. A model capable of describing the time-course of myelosuppression from administered drug could be used in individual dose selection. In this paper we describe the transfer of a previously developed semi-mechanistic model for myelosuppression from NONMEM to a dosing tool in MS Excel, with etoposide as an example. The tool proved capable to solve a differential equation system describing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with estimation performance comparable to NONMEM. In the dosing tool the user provides neutrophil measures from a previous treatment course and request for the dose that results in a desired nadir in the upcoming course through a Bayesian estimation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan E Wallin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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28
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Boztug K, Appaswamy G, Ashikov A, Schäffer AA, Salzer U, Diestelhorst J, Germeshausen M, Brandes G, Lee-Gossler J, Noyan F, Gatzke AK, Minkov M, Greil J, Kratz C, Petropoulou T, Pellier I, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Rezaei N, Mönkemöller K, Irani-Hakimeh N, Bakker H, Gerardy-Schahn R, Zeidler C, Grimbacher B, Welte K, Klein C. A syndrome with congenital neutropenia and mutations in G6PC3. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:32-43. [PMID: 19118303 PMCID: PMC2778311 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0805051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main features of severe congenital neutropenia are the onset of severe bacterial infections early in life, a paucity of mature neutrophils, and an increased risk of leukemia. In many patients, the genetic causes of severe congenital neutropenia are unknown. METHODS We performed genomewide genotyping and linkage analysis on two consanguineous pedigrees with a total of five children affected with severe congenital neutropenia. Candidate genes from the linkage interval were sequenced. Functional assays and reconstitution experiments were carried out. RESULTS All index patients were susceptible to bacterial infections and had very few mature neutrophils in the bone marrow; structural heart defects, urogenital abnormalities, and venous angiectasia on the trunk and extremities were additional features. Linkage analysis of the two index families yielded a combined multipoint lod score of 5.74 on a linkage interval on chromosome 17q21. Sequencing of G6PC3, the candidate gene encoding glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 3, revealed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 6 that abolished the enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in all affected children in the two families. The patients' neutrophils and fibroblasts had increased susceptibility to apoptosis. The myeloid cells showed evidence of increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta). We identified seven additional, unrelated patients who had severe congenital neutropenia with syndromic features and distinct biallelic mutations in G6PC3. CONCLUSIONS Defective function of glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 3, underlies a severe congenital neutropenia syndrome associated with cardiac and urogenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Boztug
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Angel Ashikov
- Departments of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Diestelhorst
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Brandes
- Departments of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Fatih Noyan
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Johann Greil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kratz
- Division of, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Theoni Petropoulou
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Isabelle Pellier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Oncology, CHU Angers, France
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Immunology, Asthma and, Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kirsten Mönkemöller
- Department of, General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Amsterdamer Straße, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noha Irani-Hakimeh
- Department of, Laboratory Medicine, Saint Georges University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hans Bakker
- Departments of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Department of, Immunology, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Welte
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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29
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Abstract
Cyclic neutropenia (CN) has been well documented in humans and the gray collie. A recent model of the architecture and dynamics of hematopoiesis has been used to provide insights into the mechanism of cycling of this disorder. It provides a link between the cycling period and the cells where the mutated ELA2 is expressed. Assuming that the biologic defect in CN is the same in dogs, and the observation that the structure of hematopoiesis is invariant across mammals, we use allometric scaling techniques to correctly predict the period of cycling in the gray collie and extend it to other mammals from mice to elephants. This work provides additional support for the relevance of animal models to understand disease but cautions that disease dynamics in model animals are different and this has to be taken into consideration when planning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Pacheco
- ATP-Group, CFTC and Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências, Lisboa Codex, Portugal
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30
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Zhang H, Kalkeri G, Mani N, Grossman TH. Development and validation of a multi-dose neutropenic rat thigh infection model using real-time monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus growth in vivo. In Vivo 2008; 22:667-672. [PMID: 19180989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal models have been described using luminescent bacteria for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of infection in mice. In this study, a multidose rat thigh infection model with luminescent Staphylococcus aureus was developed for the evaluation of antibiotic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioluminescent imaging and bacterial loads of S. aureus infected rat thighs with or without vancomycin treatment at different time-points post-infection were compared. RESULTS Correlation between luminescence and bacterial load was observed based on the dose- and time-dependent activity of vancomycin in the model. CONCLUSION While luminescence detection offered the advantage of monitoring an infection in live animals, limitations to this method included reduced sensitivity and a narrow dynamic range, as compared to a traditional tissue culturing method. Real-time luminescence monitoring of infection may be most appropriate for experiments where rapid in vivo assessment of compound efficacy is desired and absolute quantitation of colony forming units in infected tissue is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Chao MM, Levine JE, Ferrara JL, Cooling L, Cooke KR, Hutchinson RJ, Yanik GA. Successful treatment of refractory immune hemolysis following unrelated cord blood transplant with Campath-1H. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:917-9. [PMID: 17417790 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is a well-recognized complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report on a 6-year-old boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy who developed severe delayed alloimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune-mediated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia following major ABO incompatible unrelated cord blood transplantation. The patient's cytopenias were refractory to treatment with corticosteroids, cyclosporine, intravenous immune globulin, rituximab, and pentostatin. After one course of Campath-1H his hematologic parameters normalized, suggesting that the compound may be an effective therapy for complex immunohematologic disorders complicating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The case also emphasizes the importance of T-cells in transplant associated immune cytopenias.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenoleukodystrophy/therapy
- Alemtuzumab
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/drug therapy
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/etiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/physiopathology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Group Incompatibility
- Child
- Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Fetal Blood/transplantation
- Humans
- Male
- Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use
- Neutropenia/drug therapy
- Neutropenia/etiology
- Neutropenia/physiopathology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/etiology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwe Mwe Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Metz H, Tibbles C. Neutropenic patient with fever and abdominal pain. Intern Emerg Med 2008; 3:49-52. [PMID: 18324361 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-008-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Metz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Maryono S, Guntur A, Suharti C. Serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) level in febrile neutropenia patients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang and Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Acta Med Indones 2008; 40:14-18. [PMID: 18326894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM to identify the serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) level in febrile neutropenia and non-febrile neutropenia patients. METHODS this is a cross-sectional prospective study. Samples were collected from patients with febrile neutropenia as sample group and patients with neutropenia but without fever as control. Both groups were tested for serum complement 3 and complement 4 level, and the data were analyzed using student T-test. RESULTS from 37 neutropenia patients, 23 were classified as febrile neutropenia group and 14 in non-febrile neutropenia as control group. Total mean neutrophil count was 653.22/ml serum in sample group and 594.36/ml serum in control group (p=0.575). Mean C3 level was 95.74 ug/dl in sample group and 130.00 ug/dl in control group, showing significant difference with p=0.031. The mean serum C4 level was 34.13 ug/ml in sample group and 34.00 ug/dl in control group, the difference is not significant with p=0.98. When sample C3 and C4 data were combined, the total level was 125.61 ug/ml, which was significantly lower than the total C3 and C4 in control group 184.07 ug/dl. (p=0.04). CONCLUSION in febrile neutropenia there is significant decrease of serum C3 level compared to non-febrile neutropenia. Serum C4 level in febrile neutropenia group is lower than the non-febrile neutropenia group, but the difference is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradi Maryono
- Department of Internal Medicine UNS School of Medicine/RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta.
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35
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Abstract
To explore the role of neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during angiogenesis in the brain, we hypothesized that transient neutrophil depletion attenuates the angiogenic response to focal hyperstimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Brain focal angiogenesis was achieved using an adeno-associated virus delivered VEGF (AAV-VEGF) gene transfer in the mature mouse. Four groups of mice underwent AAV vector injection in the brain parenchyma: (1) AAV-LacZ; (2) AAV-VEGF; (3) AAV-VEGF plus anti-polymorphonuclear (PMN) antibody; and (4) AAV-VEGF plus serum. Animals in groups 3 and 4 underwent 4 days of PMN antibody or serum treatment before transfection; treatment was sustained for an additional 14 days. Anti-PMN treatment decreased circulating neutrophils to 9% of baseline (P<0.001). Microvessels in the AAV-VEGF-group increased 25% compared with the AAV-lacZ-transduced group (256+/-15 versus 208+/-16; P<0.05). Anti-PMN treatment attenuated the increase to 10% compared with control serum treatment (234+/-16 versus 255+/-22; P<0.05). Similarly, compared with control serum treatment, anti-PMN treatment also reduced MMP-9 by 50% (2+/-0.9 versus 4+/-1.4; P<0.05) and MPO expression by 25% (2+/-0.8 versus 3+/-0.9; P<0.05); MMP-9 activity correlated with MPO expression (R(2)=0.8, P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that transient depletion of neutrophils suppressed VEGF-induced angiogenesis, indicating that circulating neutrophils contribute to VEGF-induced focal angiogenesis. In addition, brain MMP-9 activity was attenuated after neutrophil depletion, suggesting that neutrophil is an important source of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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36
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Olcay L, Yetgin S, Okur H, Erdemli E. Rapid cell senescence and apoptosis in lymphocytes and granulocytes and absence of GM-CSF receptor in congenital dysgranulopoietic neutropenia. Leuk Res 2007; 32:235-42. [PMID: 17686517 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A girl with congenital dysgranulopoietic neutropenia (CDN) and her non-neutropenic mother with aphthae (A) were investigated. Apoptosis in lymphocytes and granulocytes of both patients (mother A+) were documented by high annexin and electron microscopic morphology. CD11b/CD18 of the daughter's granulocytes ranged between low to normal while that of the mother changed between very low to high levels through A(-) to A(+) periods. In both patients, CD11b/CD18 on lymphocytes were high; GM-CSF receptor was negative; CD4-/CD8- lymphocytes were high and the leukocytes which showed abnormal cell cycle were stained by senescence associated beta-galactosidase. We think that increased apoptosis and rapid cell senescence of leukocytes underlies the pathophysiology of CDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Olcay
- Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Education Hospital, Unit of Pediatric Hematology, Demetevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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37
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Colijn C, Foley C, Mackey MC. G-CSF treatment of canine cyclical neutropenia: A comprehensive mathematical model. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:898-907. [PMID: 17533044 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of different G-CSF temporal treatment schemes using a comprehensive mathematical model of the mammalian hematopoietic system that couples the pharmacokinetics of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to the hematopoietic stem cell, neutrophil, platelet, and erythrocyte dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from cyclical neutropenic (CN) grey collies are used to build an extended model that reproduces the dynamics of circulating blood cells found in laboratory data from the dogs with and without daily G-CSF therapy. The effects of varying the treatment initiation time, and whether injections are given daily, every other day, or every three days, are examined. RESULTS The mathematical model is able to reproduce the large variation in data that occurs from one dog to another. Different drug delivery times, with no other changes in the model parameters, can have significant long-term effects on neutrophil numbers. The frequency of drug delivery also has long-term effects on the oscillations. CONCLUSION Using a realistic representation of the effects of G-CSF on the tissue-level hematopoietic system, the model matches a wide range of laboratory data. This implies that it would be possible to generate individualized predictions for specific dogs if data were available in real time. The proposed interventions are practical and may reduce the amount of G-CSF required while potentially maintaining or even improving the treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Colijn
- Department of Mathematics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics in Physiology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tester AM, Cox JH, Connor AR, Starr AE, Dean RA, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Overall CM. LPS responsiveness and neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo require PMN MMP-8 activity. PLoS One 2007; 2:e312. [PMID: 17375198 PMCID: PMC1819564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte collagenase, as a critical mediator initiating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsiveness in vivo. PMN infiltration towards LPS is abrogated in Mmp8-null mice. MMP-8 cleaves LPS-induced CXC chemokine (LIX) at Ser(4)-Val(5) and Lys(79)-Arg(80). LIX bioactivity is increased upon N-terminal cleavage, enhancing intracellular calcium mobilization and chemotaxis upon binding its cognate receptor, CXCR2. As there is no difference in PMN chemotaxis in Mmp8-null mice compared with wild-type mice towards synthetic analogues of MMP-8-cleaved LIX, MMP-8 is not essential for extravasation or cell migration in collagenous matrices in vivo. However, with biochemical redundancy between MMPs 1, 2, 9, and 13, which also cleave LIX at position 4 approximately 5, it was surprising to observe such a markedly reduced PMN infiltration towards LPS and LIX in Mmp8-/- mice. This lack of physiological redundancy in vivo identifies MMP-8 as a key mediator in the regulation of innate immunity. Comparable results were found with CXCL8/IL-8 and CXCL5/ENA-78, the human orthologues of LIX. MMP-8 cleaves CXCL8 at Arg(5)-Ser(6) and at Val(7)-Leu(8) in CXCL5 to activate respective chemokines. Hence, rather than collagen, these PMN chemoattractants are important MMP-8 substrates in vivo; PMN-derived MMP-8 cleaves and activates LIX to execute an in cis PMN-controlled feed-forward mechanism to orchestrate the initial inflammatory response and promote LPS responsiveness in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus M. Tester
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer H. Cox
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Connor
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda E. Starr
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A. Dean
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xose S. Puente
- Department Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Department Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christopher M. Overall
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Departments of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Thiopental has been used for decades in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic and nontraumatic head injuries. Commonly reported adverse effects include hypotension, hypokalemia, respiratory complications, and hepatic dysfunction. Neutropenia has rarely been reported as an adverse effect of thiopental. We witnessed probable thiopental-induced neutropenia in two patients with traumatic brain injuries who developed increased intracranial hypertension that was refractory to standard therapy. Based on a MEDLINE search of published case reports and literature, we propose two mechanisms by which thiopental-related neutropenia might be explained. The first is inhibition of inflammatory mediator nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), leading to granulocyte apoptosis. The second mechanism involves inhibition of calcineurin. Although the precise link between these two mechanisms has not been elucidated, calcineurin is known to regulate NF-kappa B activity. Development of neutropenia does not appear to be correlated with time but may correlate with plasma concentrations of thiopental. The optimum management of drug-induced neutropenia is unclear. The decision to discontinue thiopental in patients who develop neutropenia should be made by weighing the risks versus benefits. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be required in the presence of fever. The role of hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is not yet defined. Given the adverse infectious consequences of neutropenia, it is essential to closely monitor neutrophil counts in patients receiving thiopental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Julie Frenette
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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40
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Terrier B, Ittah M, Tourneur L, Louache F, Soumelis V, Lavie F, Casadevall N, Candon S, Hummel A, Mariette X, Buzyn A. Late-onset neutropenia following rituximab results from a hematopoietic lineage competition due to an excessive BAFF-induced B-cell recovery. Haematologica 2007; 92:e20-3. [PMID: 17405749 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is used in the treatment of lymphoma and autoimmune diseases, for which late-onset neutropenia (LON) were reported. LON-related mechanisms remain unclear. To obtain insights into the mechanisms, we assessed serum, peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) samples of a patient with LON. Factors classically associated with neutropenia such as anti-neutrophil antibodies, T-LGL, soluble Fas Ligand were not detectable. We then evaluated the kinetics of various cytokines involved in B-cell and granulocyte homeostasis. We found that LON is related to a lack of granulopoiesis in the BM that coincides with a very high level of BAFF, a strong stimulator of B-cell recovery, and hypothesized a hematopoietic lineage competition due to an excessive B-cell recovery in the BM by promotion of B-cell lymphopoiesis over granulopoiesis within common developmental niches. Assessment of serum BAFF levels following rituximab could detect patients at risk of developing LON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris V-René Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
Neutropenia can be a significant problem in the oncology setting. Awareness of potential risks, management of neutropenia, and preventive measures guide nurses in providing comprehensive care that can make the difference between life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Marrs
- Hematology and Oncology Associates, Dayton, Ohio USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe congenital neutropenia is a heterogeneous disorder of hematopoiesis characterized by a maturation arrest of granulopoiesis at the level of promyelocytes with peripheral blood absolute neutrophil counts below 0.5 x 10/l. In this review we summarize our current knowledge on inheritance and pathophysiolgy of congenital neutropenia. RECENT FINDINGS There are two major subtypes of congenital neutropenia as judged by inheritance: autosomal dominant trait defined by neutrophil elastase mutations consisting of 60% of patients and autosomal recessive trait comprising approximately 30% of patients. This genetic heterogeneity suggests that several pathologic mechanisms may lead to the same phenotype due to downregulation of common myeloid transcription factors. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 is the most promising candidate, as its abrogation together with downregulation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 target genes is compatible with this phenotype. Congenital neutropenia is considered as a preleukemic syndrome, since after 10 years of observation the cumulative incidence for leukemia is 21%. Acquired granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mutations are detected in approximately 80% of congenital neutropenia patients who developed acute myeloid leukemia. SUMMARY Congenital neutropenia is a congenital disorder of hematopoiesis inherited by autosomal dominant or recessive traits. Downregulation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 is involved in the pathophysiology of all congenital neutropenia patients. Congenital neutropenia patients with acquired granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mutations define a group with high risk for development of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skokowa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Hope WW, Drusano GL, Moore CB, Sharp A, Louie A, Walsh TJ, Denning DW, Warn PA. Effect of neutropenia and treatment delay on the response to antifungal agents in experimental disseminated candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:285-95. [PMID: 17088486 PMCID: PMC1797682 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00601-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated candidiasis is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The presence of neutrophils and the timely administration of antifungal agents are likely to be critical factors for a favorable therapeutic outcome of this syndrome. The effect of neutropenia on the temporal profile of the burden of Candida albicans in untreated mice and those treated with amphotericin B was determined using a pharmacodynamic model of disseminated candidiasis. A mathematical model was developed to describe the rate and extent of the C. albicans killing attributable to neutrophils and to amphotericin B. The consequences of a delay in the administration of amphotericin B, flucytosine, or micafungin were studied by defining dose-response relationships. Neutrophils caused a logarithmic decline in fungal burden in treated and untreated mice. The combination of amphotericin B and neutrophils resulted in a high rate of Candida killing and a sustained anti-C. albicans effect. In neutropenic mice, 5 mg/kg of body weight of amphotericin B was required to prevent progressive logarithmic growth. An increased delay in drug administration resulted in a reduction in the maximum effect to a point at which no drug effect could be observed. Neutrophils and the timely initiation of antifungal agents are critical determinants in the treatment of experimental disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Hope
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI/NIH, CRC Room 1-5750, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1100, Bethesda, MD 20892-1100, USA.
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Toubai T, Tanaka J, Ota S, Shigematsu A, Shono Y, Ibata M, Hashino S, Kondo T, Kakinoki Y, Masauzi N, Kasai M, Iwasaki H, Kurosawa M, Asaka M, Imamura M. Efficacy and safety of micafungin in febrile neutropenic patients treated for hematological malignancies. Intern Med 2007; 46:3-9. [PMID: 17202726 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of micafungin (MCFG) in empirical therapy for febrile neutropenic patients for whom antibiotic therapy was not effective for hematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three hematological patients aged 27-82 years with febrile neutropenia for whom antibiotic therapy was not effective were enrolled in this study and responses to treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment success rate was 73.9%. Treatment success rates by primary diagnosis were 77.8% in patients with AML, 50.0% in patients with NHL and 87.5% in patients with other diseases. Moreover, MCFG at a dose of 100 mg or more have a tendency to be effective. One or more adverse events occurred in five (27.7%) of the patients during the study. All of these adverse events were below grade 2 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of patients studied was limited, MCFG as a monotherapy seems to be effective and safe as an empirical therapy in patients with febrile neutropenia. However, further investigation using large-scale studies is needed. This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy and safety of MCFG in patients with febrile neutropenia and with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo.
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Buijs J, Dofferhoff ASM, Mouton JW, van der Meer JWM. Pathophysiology of in-vitro induced filaments, spheroplasts and rod-shaped bacteria in neutropenic mice. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1105-11. [PMID: 17002610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the in-vitro properties and in-vivo effects of Escherichia coli filaments, spheroplasts and normal cells in a murine thigh infection model. E. coli was exposed to ceftazidime, meropenem or saline to obtain filaments, spheroplasts or normal bacilli, which were then injected into neutropenic mice. After 24 h, morphology, CFUs, local and circulating endotoxin levels, cytokine levels and mortality were recorded, and correlations between bacterial and host parameters of infection were investigated. Filaments and spheroplasts contained more endotoxin/CFU than controls. Histological studies showed that morphologically altered bacteria changed into rod-shaped cells in the absence of antibiotics. Bacterial spread to the liver was significantly higher in mice challenged with rod-shaped cells, compared with antibiotic-exposed bacteria (p 0.007). Muscle endotoxin levels correlated significantly with circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and both pro-inflammatory cytokines were correlated significantly (p 0.011). Despite a tendency toward higher local and systemic concentrations of endotoxin in the filament group, inflammatory responses and survival did not differ between groups. It was concluded that morphologically altered bacteria contain more endotoxin and can regain a rod shape after withdrawal of antibiotics, while non-antibiotic-exposed bacteria show greater spread to the liver. There was a clear intra-individual relationship between local endotoxin, systemic endotoxin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 production, but these parameters did not differ among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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46
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Fortner BV, Houts AC, Schwartzberg LS. A prospective investigation of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and quality of life. J Support Oncol 2006; 4:472-8. [PMID: 17080736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) explored the association between the relative grade of neutropenia and symptom burden and quality of life (QOL). Eighty-four adult cancer patients from nine community oncology centers receiving 1 of 13 myelosuppressive chemotherapies were evaluated at days 0, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 21 of their respective first cycle. Neutropenia grade (grade 3/4 vs grades 0 to 2) was determined by serial absolute neutrophil count (ANC) measures. Measures of patient-reported outcomes included the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Cancer Care Monitor-Medical Isolation Scale (CCM-MIS), and SF-36. Changes in outcomes from baseline to highest grade of neutropenia were evaluated using mixed model-repeated measures for each of 15 outcomes. Compared with grades 0-2, grade 3/4 neutropenia was associated with greater symptom burden and worse QOL for six measures (P < 0.05). The pattern of differences suggested that measures of symptom distress and social functioning were sensitive to patient changes associated with grade 3/4 neutropenia. Worsening of symptom burden and QOL appears to be associated with severe afebrile neutropenia. A causal relationship between neutropenia and worse symptoms and QOL remains difficult to establish due to the confounding of the effects of neutropenia with other adverse effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry V Fortner
- Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Supportive Oncology Services, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee 38138, USA
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47
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Suh SY, Rha SW, Kim JW, Park CG, Seo HS, Oh DJ, Ro YM. Neutropenia associated with clopidogrel use in a patient with chronic renal failure who underwent percutaneous coronary and peripheral intervention. Int J Cardiol 2006; 112:383-5. [PMID: 16271406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Park SH, Choi SM, Lee DG, Choi JH, Yoo JH, Min WS, Shin WS. Intravenous itraconazole vs. amphotericin B deoxycholate for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent neutropenic fever. Korean J Intern Med 2006; 21:165-72. [PMID: 17017665 PMCID: PMC3890719 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2006.21.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphotericin B dexoycholate is currently the standard empirical antifungal therapy for neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies and who also have persistent fever that does not respond to antibacterial therapy. The antifungal triazoles offer a potentially safer and effective treatment alternative to Amphotericin B dexoycholate. METHODS We assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous itraconazole, as compared with the efficacy and safety of amphotericin B deoxycholate, as an empirical antifungal therapeutic agent in a matched case-control clinical trial from June 2004 to August 2005. RESULTS Efficacy was evaluated in 96 patients (48 received itraconazole and 48 received amphotericin B deoxycholate) and all the patients who received the study drugs were evaluated for safety. The baseline demographic characteristics were well matched. The overall success rates were 47.9% for itraconazole and 43.8% for amphotericin B deoxycholate (% difference: 4.1% [95% confidence interval for the difference: -15.8 to 24]), which fulfilled the statistical criteria for the non-inferiority of itraconazole. The proportions of patients who survived for at least seven days after discontinuation of therapy or who were prematurely discontinued from the study were not significantly different between the two groups. The rates of breakthrough fungal infections and resolution of fever during neutropenia were similar in both groups. More patients who received amphotericin B deoxycholate developed nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia or infusion-related events than did those patients who received itraconazole (nephrotoxicity: 16.7% vs. 1.8%, hypokalemia: 66.7% vs. 24.6%, and infusion-related events: 41.7% vs. 3.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous itraconazole is as effective as amphotericin B deoxycholate and it is generally better tolerated than amphotericin B deoxycholate when it is given as empirical antifungal therapy for Korean patients with persistent neutropenic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Shik Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ashrafi MR, Mohseni M, Yazdani S, Alizadeh H, Ramyar A, Aghamohammadi A, Izadyar M, Mahjoub F, Heris JA. Bilateral basal ganglia involvement in a patient with Griscelli syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2006; 10:207-9. [PMID: 16952471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a 6-year-old Iranian boy with silvery-gray hair, eyelashes and the eyebrows who was admitted because of seizures and subsequent stupor. He had previous history of acute hemiparesis at 1 year of age and hepatitis-like syndrome 3 months ago. Microscopic examination of the patient's hair shaft revealed different sized clumps of melanin seen in the center of the shafts. Bone marrow aspiration revealed erythroid hyperplasia and erythrophagocytic cells. Bilateral frontal cortical and subcortical high signal lesions, dirty white matter, high signal areas in the upper pons and in both caudates and lentiform nuclei in T2 WI were the brain MRI findings of the patient. He died in the accelerated phase of Griscelli Syndrome (GS) type 2. To our knowledge we report the first case of GS from Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Children hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Neurology, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
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Abstract
Patients with malignancies are subject to developing a unique set of complications that require emergent evaluation and treatment. With the increasing incidence of cancer in the general population and improved survival, these emergencies will be more frequently encountered. Physicians must be able to recognize these conditions and institute appropriate therapy after a focused initial evaluation. The approach to definitive therapy is commonly multidisciplinary, involving surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and other medical specialists. Prompt interventions can be lifesaving and may spare patients considerable morbidity and pain. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis of and initial therapy for common emergencies in hematology and oncology.
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