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Fang FT, Zhu ZY, Wenger F, Ge JZ, Du JZ, Deng B, Ma HM, Zhang RF, Zhang Y. Short-term sedimentary evidence for increasing diatoms in Arctic fjords in a warming world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175757. [PMID: 39182781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Arctic fjords are hotspots of marine carbon burial, with diatoms playing an essential role in the biological carbon pump. Under the background of global warming, the proportion of diatoms in total phytoplankton communities has been declining in many high-latitude fjords due to increased turbidity and oligotrophication resulting from glacier melting. However, due to the habitat heterogeneity among Svalbard fjords, diatom responses to glacier melting are also expected to be complex, which will further lead to changes in the biological carbon pumping and carbon sequestration. To address the complexity, three short sediment cores were collected from three contrasting fjords in Svalbard (Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Gronfjorden), recording the history of fjord changes in recent decades during significant glacier melting. The amino acid molecular indicators in cores K4 and KF1 suggested similar organic matter degradation states between these two sites. In contrast to the turbid Kongsfjorden and Gronfjorden, preserved fucoxanthin in Krossfjorden indicated a continuous increase in diatoms since the mid-1980s, corresponding to a 59 % increase in biological carbon pumping, as quantified by the δ13C of sedimentary organic carbon. The increasing biological carbon pumping in Krossfjorden is further attributed to its hard rock types in the glacier basin, compared to Kongsfjorden and Gronfjorden, which are instead covered by soft rocks, as confirmed by a one-dimensional model. Given the distribution of rock types among basins in Svalbard, we extrapolate our findings and propose that approximately one-fifth of Svalbard's fjords, especially those with hard rock basins and persistent marine-terminated glaciers, still have the potential for an increase in diatom fractions and efficient biological carbon pumping. Our findings reveal the complexity of fjord phytoplankton responses and biological carbon pumping to increasing glacier melting, and underscore the necessity of modifying Arctic marine carbon feedback to climate change based on results from fjords underlain by hard rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education; and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education; and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Fred Wenger
- Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo 0368, Norway
| | - Jian-Zhong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education; and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education; and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
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Maciel F, Berni P, Geada P, Teixeira J, Silva J, Vicente A. Identification and optimization of the key growth parameters involved in carotenoids production of the marine microalga Pavlova gyrans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17224. [PMID: 39060334 PMCID: PMC11282313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a multivariate analysis was carried out, using a Plackett-Burman (PB) design involving seventeen growth parameters, on carotenoids production of Pavlova gyrans (p < 0.10). Each assay was analysed regarding its content (mg g-1) of fucoxanthin (Fx), diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, β-carotene (βCar), α-carotene, and the sum of all carotenoids analysed individually (TCar). According to the statistical analysis, modified medium formulations were developed for the particular cases of Fx, βCar, and TCar. The study showed that Fx content was positively affected by nitrogen supplementation and lower light intensities. Higher concentrations of nitrogen and iron increased the final content of βCar as well. Similarly, salinity, light intensity, nitrogen, iron, and cobalt were identified as key factors in TCar production. The PB-based formulations showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) for TCar (11.794 mg g-1) and Fx (6.153 mg g-1) when compared to the control conditions (Walne's medium-2.010 mg g-1). Furthermore, effective control of key variables (e.g., light intensity) throughout P. gyrans growth proved successful (p < 0.05), increasing the productivity of Fx (0.759 mg L-1 d-1) and TCar (1.615 mg L-1 d-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Maciel
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paulo Berni
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Geada
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE, Natural Products S.A., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Fang FT, Zhu ZY, Ge JZ, Deng B, Du JZ, Zhang J. Reconstruction of the main phytoplankton population off the Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea and its assemblage shift in recent decades: From observations to simulation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113638. [PMID: 35413505 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under eutrophication background, the increasing dinoflagellates blooms relative to diatoms blooms off the Changjiang Estuary has caused much concern. We have provided sediment evidence for the first time that the time window of diatoms-to-dinoflagellates shift off the Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea is early 1990s. Investigations to the water column revealed different surface-bottom concentration matchup patterns between peridinin (dinoflagellates) and fucoxanthin (diatoms), which suggests that the diatoms-dinoflagellates shift recorded in the sediment may have come from more dinoflagellate blooms since 1990s. Physical-biogeochemical 3D numerical simulations for the past decades suggest that the effect of increasing spring sea surface temperature and increasing N/P ratio on the diatoms-dinoflagellates shift is dominant and recessive, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Tao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Nitrogen Deficiency-Dependent Abiotic Stress Enhances Carotenoid Production in Indigenous Green Microalga Scenedesmus rubescens KNUA042, for Use as a Potential Resource of High Value Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The microalgal strain Scenedesmus rubescens KNUA042 was identified in freshwater in Korea and characterized by evaluating its stress responses in an effort to increase lipid and carotenoid production. Under a two-stage cultivation process, the algal strain that generally exhibits optimal growth at a nitrate (source of nitrogen) concentration of 0.25 g L−1 was challenged to different exogenous stimuli—salinity (S), light intensity (L), combined L and S (LS), and nitrogen deficiency (C)—for 14 days. Lipid production and carotenoid concentration increased in a time-dependent manner under these physicochemical conditions during the culture periods. Lipid accumulation was confirmed by thin layer chromatography, BODIPY staining, and fatty acid composition analysis, which showed no differences in the algal cells tested under all four (C, S, L, and LS) conditions. The quality of biodiesel produced from the biomass of the algal cells met the American Society for Testing and Materials and the European standards. Total carotenoid content was increased in the LS-treated algal cells (6.94 mg L−1) compared with that in the C-, S-, and L-treated algal cells 1.75, 4.15, and 1.32 mg L−1, respectively). Accordingly, the concentration of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin was also maximized in the LS-treated algal cells at 1.73 and 1.11 mg g−1, respectively, whereas lutein showed no differences in the cells analyzed. Conversely, chlorophyll a level was similar among the C-, S-, and LS-treated algal cells, except for the L-treated algal cells. Thus, our results suggested that S. rubescens KNUA042 was capable of producing carotenoid molecules, which led to the maximum values of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin concentrations when exposed to the combined LS condition compared with that observed when exposed to the salinity condition alone. This indicates that the algal strain could be used for the production of high-value products as well as biofuel. Furthermore, this article provides the first evidence of carotenoid production in S. rubescens KNUA042.
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Better off alone? New insights in the symbiotic relationship between the flatworm Symsagittifera roscoffensis and the microalgae Tetraselmis convolutae. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Gavalás-Olea A, Sanz N, Riobó P, Garrido JL, Vaz B. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of chlorophyllide derivatives as possible internal standards for pigment chromatographic analysis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Schüler LM, Gangadhar KN, Duarte P, Placines C, Molina-Márquez AM, Léon-Bañares R, Sousa VS, Varela J, Barreira L. Improvement of carotenoid extraction from a recently isolated, robust microalga, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 (chlorophyta). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:785-796. [PMID: 31894389 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing consumer interest in carotenoids, particularly of marine sustainable origin with applications in the food, cosmeceutical, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical industries. For instance, microalgae belonging to the genus Tetraselmis are known for their biotechnologically relevant carotenoid profile. The recently isolated marine microalgal strain Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is a fast-growing, robust industrial strain, which has successfully been produced in 100-m3 photobioreactors. However, there are no reports on total carotenoid contents from this strain belonging to T. striata/convolutae clade. Although there are several reports on extraction methods targeting chlorophytes, extraction depends on the strength of cell coverings, solvent polarity and the nature of the targeted carotenoids. Therefore, this article evaluates different extraction methods targeting Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, a strain known to contain a mechanically resistant theca. Here, we propose a factorial experimental design to compare extraction of total carotenoids from wet and freeze-dried microalgal biomass using four different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol or tetrahydrofuran) in combination with two types of mechanical cell disruption (glass beads or dispersion). The extraction efficiency of the methods was assessed by pigment contents and profiles present in the extracts. Extraction of wet biomass by means of glass bead-assisted cell disruption using tetrahydrofuran yielded the highest amounts of lutein and β-carotene (622 ± 40 and 618 ± 32 µg g-1 DW, respectively). Although acetone was slightly less efficient than tetrahydrofuran, it is preferable due to its lower costs and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Schüler
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Chloé Placines
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana María Molina-Márquez
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Huelva, Avda de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa Léon-Bañares
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Huelva, Avda de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Vânia S Sousa
- CIMA, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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García-Portela M, Riobó P, Reguera B, Garrido JL, Blanco J, Rodríguez F. Comparative ecophysiology of Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta (DINOPHYCEAE, DINOPHYSIALES): effect of light intensity and quality on growth, cellular toxin content, and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:899-917. [PMID: 30298602 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most persistent producers of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Western Europe. Their mixotrophic nutrition requires a food chain of cryptophytes and plastid-bearing ciliates for sustained growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cultures of D. acuminata and D. acuta, their ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum and the cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia, were subject to three experimental settings to study their physiological response to different combinations of light intensity and quality. Growth rates, pigment analyses (HPLC), photosynthetic parameters (PAM-fluorometry), and cellular toxin content (LC-MS) were determined. Specific differences in photosynthetic parameters were observed in Dinophysis exposed to different photon fluxes (10-650 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), light quality (white, blue and green), and shifts in light regime. Dinophysis acuta was more susceptible to photodamage under high light intensities (370-650 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) than D. acuminata but survived better with low light (10 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) and to a prolonged period (28 d) of darkness. Mesodinium rubrum and T. amphioxeia showed their maximal growth rate and yield under white and high light whereas Dinophysis seemed better adapted to grow under green and blue light. Toxin analyses in Dinophysis showed maximal toxin per cell under high light after prey depletion at the late exponential-plateau phase. Changes observed in photosynthetic light curves of D. acuminata cultures after shifting light conditions from low intensity-blue light to high intensity-white light seemed compatible with photoacclimation in this species. Results obtained here are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal distributions observed in field populations of D. acuminata and D. acuta in northwestern Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Portela
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Juan Blanco
- Marine Research Centre (CIMA), 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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9
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Zhang J, Zhu Z, Mo WY, Liu SM, Wang DR, Zhang GS. Hypoxia and nutrient dynamics affected by marine aquaculture in a monsoon-regulated tropical coastal lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:656. [PMID: 30341548 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Laoyehai (lagoon) is located at the east coast of Hainan Island in the South China Sea and has been subject to perturbations from human activities, notably marine aquaculture, and has eutrophic surface and hypoxic near-bottom waters. A lack of knowledge of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes is a challenge to the sustainable management of lagoon at the ecosystem level in science. Five field campaigns, including three during the southwest monsoon and two in the northeast monsoon periods, were carried out at the Laoyehai in 2008-2011. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of dynamic processes of hydrography and human activities on nutrient geochemistry and their relationships to the system eutrophication and hypoxia in the lagoon. In this coastal system, high levels of ammonium relative to nitrate are found, elevated phosphate skews the DIN/DIP relative to the Redfield ratio, and the dissolved silicate concentration is high because of submarine groundwater discharge. The organic fraction in the Laoyehai accounts for a large proportion of the total nutrients associated with the release of wastes from marine aquaculture. The hypoxia of near-bottom waters in the Laoyehai is created and maintained by heterotrophic processes that are fueled by organic matter, which are exacerbated by poor water exchange as a consequence of the geomorphology and weak tidal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - ZhuoYi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wen Yuan Mo
- Hainan Provincial Marine Development Plan and Design Research Institute, 15 Longkun Road North, Haikou, 570203, China
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dao Ru Wang
- Hainan Provincial Marine Development Plan and Design Research Institute, 15 Longkun Road North, Haikou, 570203, China
| | - Guo Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Junker LV, Ensminger I. Fast detection of leaf pigments and isoprenoids for ecophysiological studies, plant phenotyping and validating remote-sensing of vegetation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:369-381. [PMID: 27616618 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid developments in remote-sensing of vegetation and high-throughput precision plant phenotyping promise a range of real-life applications using leaf optical properties for non-destructive assessment of plant performance. Use of leaf optical properties for assessing plant performance requires the ability to use photosynthetic pigments as proxies for physiological properties and the ability to detect these pigments fast, reliably and at low cost. We describe a simple and cost-effective protocol for the rapid analysis of chlorophylls, carotenoids and tocopherols using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Many existing methods are based on the expensive solvent acetonitrile, take a long time or do not include lutein epoxide and α-carotene. We aimed to develop an HPLC method which separates all major chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as lutein epoxide, α-carotene and α-tocopherol. Using a C30 -column and a mobile phase with a gradient of methanol, methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) and water, our method separates the above pigments and isoprenoids within 28 min. The broad applicability of our method is demonstrated using samples from various plant species and tissue types, e.g. leaves of Arabidopsis and avocado plants, several deciduous and conifer tree species, various crops, stems of parasitic dodder, fruit of tomato, roots of carrots and Chlorella algae. In comparison to previous methods, our method is very affordable, fast and versatile and can be used to analyze all major photosynthetic pigments that contribute to changes in leaf optical properties and which are of interest in most ecophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Junker
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Abteilung Waldnaturschutz, Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, 79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Vadiveloo A, Moheimani N, Kosterink NR, Cosgrove J, Parlevliet D, Gonzalez-Garcia C, Lubián LM. Photosynthetic performance of two Nannochloropsis spp. under different filtered light spectra. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Rodríguez F, Garrido JL, Sobrino C, Johnsen G, Riobó P, Franco J, Aamot I, Ramilo I, Sanz N, Kremp A. Divinyl chlorophyll a in the marine eukaryotic protist Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae). Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:627-43. [PMID: 26337730 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here it is reported the first detection of DV-chl a together with the usual chl a in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea. Growth response and photosynthetic parameters were examined at two irradiances (80 and 240 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and temperatures (15 °C and 19 °C) in a divinylic strain (AOTV-OS20) versus a monovinylic one (AOTV-OS16), using in vivo chl a fluorescence kinetics of PSII to characterize photosynthetic parameters by pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence, (14)C assimilation rates and toxin analyses. The divinylic isolate exhibited slower growth and stronger sensitivity to high irradiance than normal chl a strain. DV-chl a : chl a ratios decreased along time (from 11.3 to < 0.5 after 10 months) and to restore them sub-cloning and selection of strains with highest DV-chl a content was required. A mutation and/or epigenetic changes in the expression of divinyl reductase gene/s in A. ostenfeldii may explain this altered pigment composition. Despite quite severe limitations (reduced fitness and gradual loss of DV-chl a content), the DV-chl a-containing line in A. ostenfeldii could provide a model organism in photosynthetic studies related with chl biosynthesis and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Sobrino
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Spain
| | - Geir Johnsen
- Trondhjem Biological Station, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - José Franco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Inga Aamot
- Trondhjem Biological Station, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Isabel Ramilo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Spain
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Anke Kremp
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Sanz N, García‐Blanco A, Gavalás‐Olea A, Loures P, Garrido JL. Phytoplankton pigment biomarkers:
HPLC
separation using a pentafluorophenyloctadecyl silica column. Methods Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Av. Eduardo Cabello, 6 36208 Vigo Spain
| | - Ana García‐Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Av. Eduardo Cabello, 6 36208 Vigo Spain
| | - Antonio Gavalás‐Olea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Av. Eduardo Cabello, 6 36208 Vigo Spain
| | - Patricia Loures
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Av. Eduardo Cabello, 6 36208 Vigo Spain
| | - José L. Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Av. Eduardo Cabello, 6 36208 Vigo Spain
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14
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Abstract
HPLC is still the technique of choice for the analysis and characterization of phytoplankton pigments. In this chapter we describe procedures for sample preparation and pigment extraction, and the use of octyl silica columns and pyridine-containing mobile phases to separate chlorophylls and carotenoids. The identification of pigments on the basis of their retention times and visible spectra, the preparation of pigment standards, and the quantitative analysis by either external or internal standard procedures are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain,
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15
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Noisette F, Duong G, Six C, Davoult D, Martin S. Effects of elevated pCO2 on the metabolism of a temperate rhodolith Lithothamnion corallioides grown under different temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:746-757. [PMID: 27007207 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae are considered among the most sensitive species to near future ocean acidification. We tested the effects of elevated pCO2 on the metabolism of the free-living coralline alga Lithothamnion corallioides ("maerl") and the interactions with changes in temperature. Specimens were collected in North Brittany (France) and grown for 3 months at pCO2 of 380 (ambient pCO2 ), 550, 750, and 1000 μatm (elevated pCO2 ) and at successive temperatures of 10°C (ambient temperature in winter), 16°C (ambient temperature in summer), and 19°C (ambient temperature in summer +3°C). At each temperature, gross primary production, respiration (oxygen flux), and calcification (alkalinity flux) rates were assessed in the light and dark. Pigments were determined by HPLC. Chl a, carotene, and zeaxanthin were the three major pigments found in L. corallioides thalli. Elevated pCO2 did not affect pigment content while temperature slightly decreased zeaxanthin and carotene content at 10°C. Gross production was not affected by temperature but was significantly affected by pCO2 with an increase between 380 and 550 μatm. Light, dark, and diel (24 h) calcification rates strongly decreased with increasing pCO2 regardless of the temperature. Although elevated pCO2 only slightly affected gross production in L. corallioides, diel net calcification was reduced by up to 80% under the 1,000 μatm treatment. Our findings suggested that near future levels of CO2 will have profound consequences for carbon and carbonate budgets in rhodolith beds and for the sustainability of these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Noisette
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
| | - Gwendoline Duong
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
| | - Christophe Six
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
| | - Dominique Davoult
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
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16
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A mesoscale study of phytoplankton assemblages around the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Zapata M, Rodríguez F, Fraga S, Barra L, Ruggiero MV. CHLOROPHYLL C PIGMENT PATTERNS IN 18 SPECIES (51 STRAINS) OF THE GENUS PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:1274-1280. [PMID: 27020351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pigment composition of 18 species (51 strains) of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia was examined using HPLC. The carotenoid composition was typical for diatoms, with fucoxanthin (the major xanthophyll), diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, and β,β-carotene. However, a diverse array of chl c pigments was observed in the studied strains. All Pseudo-nitzschia strains contained chl a and chl c2 , traces of Mg-2,4-divinyl phaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester (MgDVP), and traces of a chl c2 -like pigment originally found in the haptophyte Pavlova gyrans. The distribution of chl c1 and chl c3 was variable among species (present in seven and 14 species, respectively). Based on chl c distribution, three major pigment types were defined: type 1 (chl c1 + c2 , four species: P. australis, P. brasiliana, P. multiseries, and P. seriata), type 2 (chl c1 + c2 + c3 , three species: P. fraudulenta, P. multistriata, and P. pungens), and type 3 (chl c2 + c3 , 11 species: P. arenysensis, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. decipiens, P. delicatissima, P. galaxiae, P. mannii, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. subcurvata, P. cf. subpacifica, and a novel Pseudo-nitzschia species). Type 1 and 2 species also shared the absence of a particular morphological character, the central nodule in the raphe, with the only exception of P. fraudulenta. The implications of such pigment diversity in chemotaxonomy, HAB monitoring, ecology, and phylogeny of Pseudo-nitzschia species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, c/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, E-36390 Vigo, SpainStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, c/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, E-36390 Vigo, SpainStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, c/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, E-36390 Vigo, SpainStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Barra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, c/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, E-36390 Vigo, SpainStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Ruggiero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, c/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, E-36390 Vigo, SpainStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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18
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Seoane S, Garmendia M, Revilla M, Borja A, Franco J, Orive E, Valencia V. Phytoplankton pigments and epifluorescence microscopy as tools for ecological status assessment in coastal and estuarine waters, within the Water Framework Directive. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1484-1497. [PMID: 21550073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inverted microscopy is widespread employed for the analysis of phytoplankton composition within water quality monitoring networks. However, the analysis at the lowest taxonomical level is not always required for ecological status assessment. In addition, inverted microscopy can underestimate the small phytoplankton, and not always distinguish photoautotrophic from heterotrophic cells. In this study, as alternative tools, epifluorescence microscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were employed to characterize phytoplankton communities within waters of different trophic condition. Epifluorescence microscopy confirmed its effectiveness to count the small phytoplankton. Furthermore, significant correlations between nutrients of anthropogenic origin and nanoplankton abundances were found. However, this technique resulted very time-consuming. HPLC together with the CHEMTAX program was more appropriate than inverted microscopy, in terms of cost-effectiveness. Also, the main variability patterns observed in the phytoplankton community structure by HPLC coincided with previous findings in the study area. Nevertheless, a rapid screening at the inverted microscope is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Seoane
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Sampedro N, Fraga S, Penna A, Casabianca S, Zapata M, Grünewald CF, Riobó P, Camp J. BARRUFETA BRAVENSIS GEN. NOV. SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE): A NEW BLOOM-FORMING SPECIES FROM THE NORTHWEST MEDITERRANEAN SEA(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:375-392. [PMID: 27021869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a new dinoflagellate genus, Barrufeta N. Sampedro et S. Fraga gen. nov., with one new species, B. bravensis Sampedro et S. Fraga sp. nov., isolated from the Costa Brava (NW Mediterranean Sea). The dinoflagellate was characterized at the genus and species levels by LM and EM; LSU and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences; and HPLC analyses of the pigments, fatty acids, and possible presence of toxins of several cultured strains. The new Barrufeta species is oval shaped (22-35 μm long and 16-25 μm wide) and dorsoventrally flattened. It possesses numerous small chloroplasts that radiate from two large equatorially located pyrenoids and is a typical peridinin-containing dinoflagellate. The nucleus is in the anterior part of the epicone. The apical groove has a characteristic "Smurf-cap" shape that runs counterclockwise on the epicone and terminates on its right posterior part. B. bravensis is similar to the previously described species Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt in its external morphology, but the original report of the latter lacked a description of the complete shape of the apical groove. It is therefore likely that some of the G. resplendens species reported in the literature are Barrufeta since they possess a Barrufeta-type apical groove. Fatty acids of Barrufeta were more similar to those of Karenia brevis than those obtained from other unarmored analyzed species including three species of Gymnodinium and Akashiwo sanguinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Sampedro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Penna
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Casabianca
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Zapata
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Fuentes Grünewald
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camp
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Visualization and quantification of the onset and the extent of viscous fingering in micro-pillar array columns. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5511-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Zapata M. OCCURRENCE OF LOROXANTHIN, LOROXANTHIN DECENOATE, AND LOROXANTHIN DODECENOATE IN TETRASELMIS SPECIES (PRASINOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:366-374. [PMID: 27033815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pigment composition of six species of Tetraselmis (Prasinophyceae) was analyzed using improved HPLC methods. All pigment extracts showed three peaks corresponding to unknown carotenoids. The isolated pigments were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and when carotenoid esters were suspected, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the methyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivative of the corresponding fatty acid. The new pigments were determined to be loroxanthin, loroxanthin 19-(2-decenoate), and loroxanthin 19-(2-dodecenoate); this is the first time these pigments have been described in the genus Tetraselmis. Moreover, this is the first report of esterification of 2-decenoic acid to loroxanthin. The relative contents of these pigments depended on the light regime, with the lowest proportions measured at the highest photon flux density assayed. The implications of the identification of these pigments in the genus Tetraselmis for the pigment types previously described in the class Prasinophyceae are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208-Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1373, E-38120, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainCIMA, Consellería de Pesca, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208-Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1373, E-38120, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainCIMA, Consellería de Pesca, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208-Vigo, SpainInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1373, E-38120, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainCIMA, Consellería de Pesca, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Price K, Clausen AM, Helmy R. Effect of Injection Diluent on a Chiral Separation on an Amylose S-α-Methylbenzylcarbamate Chiral Stationary Phase (Short Communication). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802281612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathi Price
- a Analytical Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew M. Clausen
- a Analytical Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- a Analytical Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Fraga S, Penna A, Bianconi I, Paz B, Zapata M. COOLIA CANARIENSIS SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), A NEW NONTOXIC EPIPHYTIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATE FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2008; 44:1060-1070. [PMID: 27041624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new photosynthetic dinoflagellate species, Coolia canariensis S. Fraga sp. nov., is described based on samples taken from tidal ponds on the rocky shore of the Canary Islands, northeast Atlantic Ocean. Its morphology was studied by LM and SEM. It is almost spherical and has a thick smooth theca with many scattered pores. Plate 1' is the biggest of the epithecal plates, and 7″ is twice as wide as it is long. Phylogeny inferred from the D1/D2 regions of the LSU nuclear rDNA of three strains of C. canariensis and several strains of other Coolia species, C. monotis, C. sp., showed that C. canariensis strains clustered in a well-supported clade distinct from the other species. No toxins were detected using mouse bioassay, liquid chromatography with Fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Its pigment composition is of the peridinin type of dinoflagellates. Together with this new species, many other strains of C. monotis from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have been analyzed for toxin presence, and no evidence of toxin production related to yessotoxins (YTXs) was found, as was previously suggested for C. monotis from Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Fraga
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1552, 36200 Vigo, SpainCentro Biologia Ambientale, University of Urbino, Vle. Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyCentro Biotecnologie, University of Urbino, Fano Ateneo, Via T. Campanella 1, 61032 Fano, ItalyInstituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36260 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonella Penna
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1552, 36200 Vigo, SpainCentro Biologia Ambientale, University of Urbino, Vle. Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyCentro Biotecnologie, University of Urbino, Fano Ateneo, Via T. Campanella 1, 61032 Fano, ItalyInstituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36260 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Irene Bianconi
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1552, 36200 Vigo, SpainCentro Biologia Ambientale, University of Urbino, Vle. Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyCentro Biotecnologie, University of Urbino, Fano Ateneo, Via T. Campanella 1, 61032 Fano, ItalyInstituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36260 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1552, 36200 Vigo, SpainCentro Biologia Ambientale, University of Urbino, Vle. Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyCentro Biotecnologie, University of Urbino, Fano Ateneo, Via T. Campanella 1, 61032 Fano, ItalyInstituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36260 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Manuel Zapata
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 1552, 36200 Vigo, SpainCentro Biologia Ambientale, University of Urbino, Vle. Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyCentro Biotecnologie, University of Urbino, Fano Ateneo, Via T. Campanella 1, 61032 Fano, ItalyInstituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36260 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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25
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Keunchkarian S, Reta M, Romero L, Castells C. Effect of sample solvent on the chromatographic peak shape of analytes eluted under reversed-phase liquid chromatogaphic conditions. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1119:20-8. [PMID: 16504201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peak-shape problems represent the most common troubles in liquid chromatography. Distorted peaks are causes for integration problems, and very often for poor resolutions. Sample and standard solvent different from that of the eluent is one of the possible reasons for anomalous peak-shapes. The injection of a pulse of different viscosity from that of the mobile phase is the underlying cause of distortions in early eluting bands. Strong eluting solvents (of exactly equal viscosity coefficients) are cause of band broadening, not of peak distortions. The goal of the present work is to critically evaluate the significant role of sample solvent upon the chromatographic band distortion. Practical solutions for situations where chromatographic analysis is performed under conditions far from ideal as a result of time constrains related to sample preparation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Keunchkarian
- División Química Analítica y CIDEPINT, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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Six C, Worden AZ, Rodríguez F, Moreau H, Partensky F. New Insights into the Nature and Phylogeny of Prasinophyte Antenna Proteins: Ostreococcus tauri, a Case Study. Mol Biol Evol 2005; 22:2217-30. [PMID: 16049197 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msi220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal position of the Mamiellales (Prasinophyceae) within the green lineage makes these unicellular organisms key to elucidating early stages in the evolution of chlorophyll a/b-binding light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). Here, we unveil the complete and unexpected diversity of Lhc proteins in Ostreococcus tauri, a member of the Mamiellales order, based on results from complete genome sequencing. Like Mantoniella squamata, O. tauri possesses a number of genes encoding an unusual prasinophyte-specific Lhc protein type herein designated "Lhcp". Biochemical characterization of the complexes revealed that these polypeptides, which bind chlorophylls a, b, and a chlorophyll c-like pigment (Mg-2,4-divinyl-phaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester) as well as a number of unusual carotenoids, are likely predominant. They are retrieved to some extent in both reaction center I (RCI)- and RCII-enriched fractions, suggesting a possible association to both photosystems. However, in sharp contrast to previous reports on LHCs of M. squamata, O. tauri also possesses other LHC subpopulations, including LHCI proteins (encoded by five distinct Lhca genes) and the minor LHCII polypeptides, CP26 and CP29. Using an antibody against plant Lhca2, we unambiguously show that LHCI proteins are present not only in O. tauri, in which they are likely associated to RCI, but also in other Mamiellales, including M. squamata. With the exception of Lhcp genes, all the identified Lhc genes are present in single copy only. Overall, the discovery of LHCI proteins in these prasinophytes, combined with the lack of the major LHCII polypeptides found in higher plants or other green algae, supports the hypothesis that the latter proteins appeared subsequent to LHCI proteins. The major LHC of prasinophytes might have arisen prior to the LHCII of other chlorophyll a/b-containing organisms, possibly by divergence of a LHCI gene precursor. However, the discovery in O. tauri of CP26-like proteins, phylogenetically placed at the base of the major LHCII protein clades, yields new insight to the origin of these antenna proteins, which have evolved separately in higher plants and green algae. Its diverse but numerically limited suite of Lhc genes renders O. tauri an exceptional model system for future research on the evolution and function of LHC components.
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Latasa M, van Lenning K, Garrido JL, Scharek R, Estrada M, Rodríguez F, Zapata M. Losses of chlorophylls and carotenoids in aqueous acetone and methanol extracts prepared for RPHPLC analysis of pigments. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Layne J, Farcas T, Rustamov I, Ahmed F. Volume-load capacity in fast-gradient liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 913:233-42. [PMID: 11355818 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of sample solvent composition and injection volumes on the chromatographic performance of ODS-bonded silica columns under fast-gradient running conditions. Chromatographic performance is compromised as a function of both sample injection volume and sample solvent strength, with earlier-eluting analytes being much more affected than later-eluting ones. In general, when injecting samples dissolved in a strong solvent, performance was improved by diluting the strong injection solvent and injecting a proportionally larger volume. Volume loading capacity can be increased by using a longer column, or by using a column of equivalent length, but with a larger inner diameter. Data also suggest that sample solvent strength, not viscosity, is responsible for the noted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Layne
- Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA 90501, USA.
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Rodríguez F, Zapata M, Garrido JL. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of chlorophyllc forms from marine phytoplankton on octylsilica bonded phases. Chromatographia 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02467598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Castells CB, Castells RC. Peak distortion in reversed-phase liquid chromatography as a consequence of viscosity differences between sample solvent and mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Influence of differences between sample and mobile phase viscosities on the shape of chromatographic elution profiles. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Temperature-programmed high performance liquid chromatography separation of mono- and divinyl chlorophyll forms from marine phytoplankton. Chromatographia 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Van Lenning K, Garrido JL, Aristegui J, Zapata M. Temperature-programmed high performance liquid chromatography separation of mono- and divinyl chlorophyll forms from marine phytoplankton. Chromatographia 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garrido JL, Zapata M. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of polar and non-polar chlorophyll pigments from algae using a wide pore polymeric octadecylsilica column. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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