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Moura RR, Brandão L, Moltrasio C, Agrelli A, Tricarico PM, Maronese CA, Crovella S, Marzano AV. Different molecular pathways are disrupted in Pyoderma gangrenosum patients and are associated with the severity of the disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4919. [PMID: 36966241 PMCID: PMC10039684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory skin disease classified within the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses. The pathophysiology of PG is yet incompletely understood but a prominent role of genetics facilitating immune dysregulation has been proposed. This study investigated the potential contribution of disrupted molecular pathways in determining the susceptibility and clinical severity of PG. Variant Enrichment Analysis, a bioinformatic pipeline applicable for Whole Exome Sequencing data was performed in unrelated PG patients. Eleven patients were enrolled, including 5 with unilesional and 6 with multilesional PG. Fourteen pathways were exclusively enriched in the "multilesional" group, mainly related to immune system (i.e., type I interferon signaling pathway), cell metabolism and structural functions. In the "unilesional" group, nine pathways were found to be exclusively enriched, mostly related to cell signaling and cell metabolism. Genetically altered pathways involved in immune system biology and wound repair appear to be nodal pathogenic drivers in PG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Rodrigues Moura
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucas Brandão
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Almerinda Agrelli
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials (LMNANO), Center for Strategic Technologies Northeastern (CETENE), Av. Prof. Luís Freire, 1-Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50740-545, Brazil
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Abstract
No survey of clinically important immunological phenomena would be complete without consideration of the functions of phagocytic cells. They play a pivotal role in the immune response by kiling microbes, by presenting antigens to lymphocytes and by serving as supportive, accessory cells to lymphocytes, at least partly by releasing soluble factors. The phagocytes of the body, professional and non professional, consist of two specialized groups of cells: granulocytes, which can be mobilized rapidly and which reach inflamed sites quickly and in large numbers, and which are highly efficient at dealing with many types of injury and infection but which have no capacity for differentiation and live only a short time; and the mononuclear phagocyte system consisting partly of motile cells which respond initially more slowly than neutrophils but which can differentiate in sites of inflammation into cells which are more efficient in various functions than the cells from which they originated. Many mononuclear phagocytes are fixed cells located in tissues where they act as trays or filters for material circulating through the tissue. Phagocytes, which usually function as the primary defender in infections, have also been implicated as effector cells in several conditions characterized by a destructive inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Medical Pathology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Mazzone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Medical Pathology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Notario
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Medical Pathology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Kehrl JH. The impact of RGS and other G-protein regulatory proteins on Gαi-mediated signaling in immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 114:40-52. [PMID: 27071343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte chemoattractant receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Signaling downstream of these receptors directs the localization, positioning and homeostatic trafficking of leukocytes; as well as their recruitment to, and their retention at, inflammatory sites. Ligand induced changes in the molecular conformation of chemoattractant receptors results in the engagement of heterotrimeric G-proteins, which promotes α subunits to undergo GTP/GDP exchange. This results in the functional release of βγ subunits from the heterotrimers, thereby activating downstream effector molecules, which initiate leukocyte polarization, gradient sensing, and directional migration. Pertussis toxin ADP ribosylates Gαi subunits and prevents chemoattractant receptors from triggering Gαi nucleotide exchange. The use of pertussis toxin revealed the essential importance of Gαi subunit nucleotide exchange for chemoattractant receptor signaling. More recent studies have identified a range of regulatory mechanisms that target these receptors and their associated heterotrimeric G-proteins, thereby helping to control the magnitude, kinetics, and duration of signaling. A failure in these regulatory pathways can lead to impaired receptor signaling and immunopathology. The analysis of mice with targeted deletions of Gαi isoforms as well as some of these G-protein regulatory proteins is providing insights into their roles in chemoattractant receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 2089, United States.
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4
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Werner K, Neumann D, Seifert R. Analysis of the histamine H2-receptor in human monocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:369-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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5
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Sheats MK, Pescosolido KC, Hefner EM, Sung EJ, Adler KB, Jones SL. Myristoylated Alanine Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) is essential to β2-integrin dependent responses of equine neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:167-76. [PMID: 24857637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration is a prominent feature in a number of pathologic conditions affecting horses including recurrent airway obstruction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and laminitis. Cell signaling components involved in neutrophil migration represent targets for novel anti-inflammatory therapies. In order to migrate into tissue, neutrophils must respond to chemoattractant signals in their external environment through activation of adhesion receptors (i.e. integrins) and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS), a highly conserved actin-binding protein, has a well demonstrated role in cytoskeletal dependent cellular functions (i.e. adhesion, spreading, and migration), but the details of MARCKS involvement in these processes remain vague. We hypothesized that MARCKS serves as a link between the actin cytoskeleton and integrin function in neutrophils. Using a MARCKS-specific inhibitor peptide known as MANS on equine neutrophils in vitro, we demonstrate that inhibition of MARCKS function significantly attenuates β2-integrin-dependent neutrophil functions including migration, adhesion, and immune complex-mediated respiratory burst. The MANS peptide did not, however, inhibit the β2-integrin-independent PMA mediated respiratory burst. These results attest to the essential role of MARCKS function in regulating neutrophil responses, and strongly implicate MARCKS as a potential regulator of β2-integrins in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Kimberly C Pescosolido
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Ethan M Hefner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Eui Jae Sung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Kenneth B Adler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Samuel L Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
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6
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Membrane channels as integrators of G-protein-mediated signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:521-31. [PMID: 24028827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of extracellular stimuli regulate cellular responses via membrane receptors. A well-known group of seven-transmembrane domain-containing proteins referred to as G protein-coupled receptors, directly couple with the intracellular GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) across cell membranes and trigger various cellular responses by regulating the activity of several enzymes as well as ion channels. Many specific populations of ion channels are directly controlled by G proteins; however, indirect modulation of some channels by G protein-dependent phosphorylation events and lipid metabolism is also observed. G protein-mediated diverse modifications affect the ion channel activities and spatio-temporally regulate membrane potentials as well as of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in both excitatory and non-excitatory cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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7
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Witz IP. The tumor microenvironment: the making of a paradigm. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2009; 2 Suppl 1:9-17. [PMID: 19701697 PMCID: PMC2756342 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-009-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun (Ecclesiastes 1:9) Stephen Paget was the conceptual father of the role played by the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in tumor progression. The focus of this essay is the developmental phase of the post Paget TME research. Attempts will be made to highlight some of the pioneering work of scientists from the late sixties through the eighties of last century who laid the foundations for the contemporary scientific achievements of TME research but whose ground breaking studies are rarely cited. This review should serve as a small tribute to their great work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac P Witz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel,
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8
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Ayub K, Hallett MB. Ca2+ influx shutdown during neutrophil apoptosis: importance and possible mechanism. Immunology 2004; 111:8-12. [PMID: 14678192 PMCID: PMC1782384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Revised: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Ayub
- Neutrophil Signalling Group, University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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9
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Tarlowe MH, Kannan KB, Itagaki K, Adams JM, Livingston DH, Hauser CJ. Inflammatory chemoreceptor cross-talk suppresses leukotriene B4 receptor 1-mediated neutrophil calcium mobilization and chemotaxis after trauma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2066-73. [PMID: 12902512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled chemoattractants recruit neutrophils (PMN) to sites of injury and infection. The leukotrienes (LT) and CXC chemokines (CXC) and their receptors (BLT1/BLT2 and CXCR1/CXCR2) are all known to play roles in these responses. Each system has been studied separately in vitro, but in vivo they act concurrently, and the clinical interactions between the two systems are unstudied. We prospectively studied calcium mobilization and chemotactic responses to LTB(4) in PMN from major trauma patients. The responses of the high affinity BLT1 receptor were suppressed at the 3-day postinjury time point, but recovered by 1 wk. Trauma patients had transient elevations of plasma LT and CXC levels. Functional deficits identical with those in trauma PMN were reproduced in vitro by exposing healthy PMN to CXCs at the elevated plasma concentrations found. Functional responses to LTB(4) were suppressed by cross-talk with CXC and BLT2 receptors that desensitize BLT1. Since the suppression of intracellular calcium mobilization was prominent, we also studied the role of suppressed cell calcium mobilization in the defective chemotactic responses to LTB(4). We noted that PMN chemotaxis to LTB(4) showed far more dependence on store-operated calcium entry than on the release of cellular calcium stores, and that store-operated calcium responses to BLT1 activation were markedly inhibited during the same time period as was chemotaxis. The intermittent release of inflammatory mediators after injury can blunt PMN responses to LTs by suppressing BLT1 as well as downstream calcium entry. Diminished LT receptor activity due to cross-talk with CXC receptors can inhibit PMN recruitment to infective sites. This may predispose injured patients to septic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium/physiology
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Interleukin-8/blood
- Interleukin-8/pharmacology
- Leukotriene B4/blood
- Leukotriene B4/pharmacology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/physiology
- Prospective Studies
- Receptor Cross-Talk/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/physiology
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/metabolism
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/physiology
- Wounds and Injuries/immunology
- Wounds and Injuries/metabolism
- Wounds and Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Tarlowe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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10
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VanCompernolle SE, Clark KL, Rummel KA, Todd SC. Expression and function of formyl peptide receptors on human fibroblast cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2050-6. [PMID: 12902510 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the blood to sites of infection in tissues is a hallmark of the innate immune response. Formylated peptides produced as a byproduct of bacterial protein synthesis are powerful chemoattractants for leukocytes. Formyl peptides bind to two different G protein-coupled receptors (formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and the low affinity formyl peptide receptor-like-1 (FPRL1)) to initiate a signal transduction cascade leading to cell activation and migration. Our analysis of expressed sequences from many cDNA libraries draws attention to the fact that FPRs are widely expressed in nonlymphoid tissues. Here we demonstrate that FPRs are expressed by normal human lung and skin fibroblasts and the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. The expression on fibroblasts of receptors for bacteria-derived peptides raises questions about the possible function of these receptors in nonleukocyte cells. We studied the function of FPRs on fibroblasts and find that stimulation with fMLP triggers dose-dependent migration of these cells. Furthermore, fMLP induces signal transduction including intracellular calcium flux and a transient increase in F-actin. The fMLP-induced adhesion and motility of fibroblasts on fibronectin require functional protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This first report of a functional formyl peptide receptor in cells of fibroblast origin opens new possibilities for the role of fibroblasts in innate immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/immunology
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibronectins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/metabolism
- N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Lipoxin
- Receptors, Peptide/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E VanCompernolle
- Program in Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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11
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Seifert R, Wenzel-Seifert K. Defective Gi protein coupling in two formyl peptide receptor mutants associated with localized juvenile periodontitis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42043-9. [PMID: 11559706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106621200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) is a prototypical chemoattractant receptor expressed in neutrophils. It is well known that the FPR couples to G(i) proteins to activate phospholipase C, chemotaxis, and cytotoxic cell functions, but the in vivo role of the FPR in man has remained elusive. Recently, F110S and C126W mutations of the FPR have been associated with localized juvenile periodontitis. We studied FPR-F110S and FPR-C126W in comparison with wild-type FPR (FPR-WT) by coexpressing epitope-tagged versions of these receptors with the G protein Galpha(i2)beta(1)gamma(2) in Sf9 insect cells. FPRs were efficiently expressed in Sf9 membranes as assessed by immunoblotting using the beta(2)-adrenoreceptor as a standard. FPR-C126W differed from FPR-WT and FPR-F110S in migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and tunicamycin-sensitive glycosylation. FPR-WT efficiently reconstituted high-affinity agonist binding and agonist- and inverse agonist-regulated guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) binding to Galpha(i2)beta(1)gamma(2). In contrast, FPR-F110S only weakly reconstituted agonist-stimulated GTPgammaS binding, and FPR-C126W was completely inefficient. Collectively, our data show almost complete and complete loss of G(i) protein coupling in FPR-F110S and FPR-C126W, respectively. The severe functional defects in FPR-F110S and FPR-C126W contrast with the discrete clinical symptoms associated with these mutations, indicating that loss of FPR function in host defense is, for the most part, readily compensated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seifert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2505, USA
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12
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Wenzel-Seifert K, Arthur JM, Liu HY, Seifert R. Quantitative analysis of formyl peptide receptor coupling to g(i)alpha(1), g(i)alpha(2), and g(i)alpha(3). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:33259-66. [PMID: 10559200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human formyl peptide receptor (FPR) is a prototypical G(i) protein-coupled receptor, but little is known about quantitative aspects of FPR-G(i) protein coupling. To address this issue, we fused the FPR to G(i)alpha(1), G(i)alpha(2), and G(i)alpha(3) and expressed the fusion proteins in Sf9 insect cells. Fusion of a receptor to Galpha ensures a defined 1:1 stoichiometry of the signaling partners. By analyzing high affinity agonist binding, the kinetics of agonist- and inverse agonist-regulated guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) binding and GTP hydrolysis and photolabeling of Galpha, we demonstrate highly efficient coupling of the FPR to fused G(i)alpha(1), G(i)alpha(2), and G(i)alpha(3) without cross-talk of the receptor to insect cell G proteins. The FPR displayed high constitutive activity when coupled to all three G(i)alpha isoforms. The K(d) values of high affinity agonist binding were approximately 100-fold lower than the EC(50) (concentration that gives half-maximal stimulation) values of agonist for GTPase activation. Based on the B(max) values of agonist saturation binding and ligand-regulated GTPgammaS binding, it was previously proposed that the FPR activates G proteins catalytically, i.e. one FPR activates several G(i) proteins. Analysis of agonist saturation binding, ligand-regulated GTPgammaS saturation binding and quantitative immunoblotting with membranes expressing FPR-G(i)alpha fusion proteins and nonfused FPR now reveals that FPR agonist binding greatly underestimates the actual FPR expression level. Our data show the following: (i) the FPR couples to G(i)alpha(1), G(i)alpha(2), and G(i)alpha(3) with similar efficiency; (ii) the FPR can exist in a state of low agonist affinity that couples efficiently to G proteins; and (iii) in contrast to the previously held view, the FPR appears to activate G(i) proteins linearly and not catalytically.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wenzel-Seifert
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2505, USA.
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13
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Wenzel-Seifert K, Hurt CM, Seifert R. High constitutive activity of the human formyl peptide receptor. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:24181-9. [PMID: 9727041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.37.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) couples to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi-proteins to activate chemotaxis and exocytosis in neutrophils. PTX reduces not only formyl peptide-stimulated but also agonist-independent ("basal") Gi-protein activity, suggesting that the FPR is constitutively active. We aimed at identifying an inverse FPR agonist, i.e. a compound that suppresses constitutive FPR activity. In Sf9 insect cell membranes, the G-protein heterotrimer Gialpha2beta1gamma2 reconstituted N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) binding and GTPgammaS-sensitive high affinity [3H]FMLP binding. The FPR "antagonist" cyclosporin H (CsH) potently and efficiently reduced basal GTPgammaS binding in Sf9 membranes. Another FPR antagonist, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L- phenylalanine did not inhibit basal GTPgammaS binding but blocked the inhibitory effect of CsH on GTPgammaS binding. Na+ reduced basal GTPgammaS binding and eliminated the inhibitory effect of CsH. Similar effects of FMLP, CsH, and Na+ as in Sf9 membranes were observed with FPR expressed in the mammalian cell line HEK293. Our data show that the human FPR possesses high constitutive activity. CsH is an inverse FPR agonist and stabilizes the FPR in an inactive state. Na+ also stabilizes the FPR in an inactive state and, thereby, diminishes inverse agonist efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/physiology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/isolation & purification
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Models, Chemical
- N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/metabolism
- N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/agonists
- Receptors, Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sodium/pharmacology
- Spodoptera
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wenzel-Seifert
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305-5428, USA
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14
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von Andrian UH. A massage for the journey: keeping leukocytes soft and silent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4825-7. [PMID: 9144149 PMCID: PMC33666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.10.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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15
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Wang JS, Coburn JP, Tauber AI, Zaner KS. Role of gelsolin in actin depolymerization of adherent human neutrophils. Mol Biol Cell 1997; 8:121-8. [PMID: 9017600 PMCID: PMC276064 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.8.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils generally function adherent to an extracellular matrix. We have previously reported that upon adhesion to laminin- or fibronectin-coated, but not uncoated, plastic there is a depolymerization of actin in neutrophils. This phenomenon was not affected by inhibitors of the more well-studied components of the signal transduction pathway, specifically, pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G-proteins, H-7 or staurosporine, inhibitors of protein kinase C, or herbimycin A, an inhibitor of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. We therefore focused our attention on actin-binding proteins and measured the changes in the partitioning of gelsolin between the Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble cellular fractions which occur upon neutrophil adhesion by means of quantitating anti-gelsolin antibody binding to aliquots of these fractions. It was found that approximately 90% of the total cellular gelsolin was found in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction in suspended cells, but that upon adherence to either fibronectin- or laminin-coated plastic about 40% of the soluble gelsolin could be detected in the insoluble fraction. This effect was not observed in cells adherent to uncoated plastic, wherein more than 90% of the gelsolin was found in the soluble fraction. Results of immunofluorescence microscopy of these cell preparations was consistent with this data. A gelsolin translocation to the insoluble cellular actin network may account for a part of the observed actin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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16
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Wenzel-Seifert K, Krautwurst D, Musgrave I, Seifert R. Thapsigargin activates univalent- and bivalent-cation entry in human neutrophils by a SK&F I3 96365- and Gd3+-sensitive pathway and is a partial secretagogue: involvement of pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-proteins and protein phosphatases 1/2A and 2B in the signal-transduction pathway. Biochem J 1996; 314 ( Pt 2):679-86. [PMID: 8670085 PMCID: PMC1217100 DOI: 10.1042/bj3140679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) activates bivalent-cation early in human neutrophils via depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores bu little is known about the underlying mechanism and the functional role of TG-induced cation entry. We studied the effects of TG on univalent- and bivalent cation entry, lysozyme release and superoxide-anion (O2-) formation in human neutrophils. TG, like the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), stimulated entry of Ca2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+ and Na+ in a 1-{beta-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl}-1H-imidazole hydrochloride (SK&F 96365)- and Gd3+-sensitive manner. The inhibitors of protein phosphates 1/2A, calyculin A and okadaic acid, diminished TG-induced cation influxes, whereas the inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2B, cyclosporin A and FK-506, were potentiators. Pertussis toxin (PTX) partially inhibited the effects of TG on Ca2+ and Mn2+ entry. TG and fMLP activated inward currents with a linear current-voltage relationship and a reversal potential at about 0 mV. TG activated lysozyme release and potentiated fMLP-induced O2- formation. TG-induced lysozyme release was inhibited by SK&F 96365, PTX and the removal of extracellular Ca2+ or Na+. Our data show that TG activates a non-selective and SK&F 96365- and Gd3+-sensitive cation entry pathway and is a partial secretagogue. TG-stimulated cation entry involves PTX-sensitive G-proteins and protein phosphatases, with protein phosphatases 1/2A and 2B playing opposite roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wenzel-Seifert
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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17
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Haferkamp O, Seibold H, Stauch M, Kleeberg S, Rödel G. Neutrophilic migration through capillarylike micropores: influence of pulmonary passage. THE CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR 1993; 72:30-5. [PMID: 8136613 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of pulmonary passage on random migration and chemokinesis of neutrophils through capillarylike pores under the in vitro condition of Boyden's test. Neutrophils were isolated either from the left ventricle or from the pulmonary artery of patients who underwent coronary angiography due to suspected angina pectoris or valvular heart disease. In all 14 cases left ventricle neutrophils showed significantly enhanced chemotactic-activated migration compared with pulmonary artery neutrophils. Pulmonary passage also influenced the random migration of neutrophils, except for those derived from five patients suffering from pulmonary hypertension. Our findings might indicate that accumulation of neutrophils in the capillaries of the normal lung is counteracted by a change in neutrophilic migration behavior during pulmonary passage, thus avoiding increased neutrophilic sequestration in pulmonary microcirculation as observed in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Haferkamp
- Institut für Pathologie und Rechtsmedizin, Universität Ulm
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18
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Kernen P, Wymann MP, von Tscharner V, Deranleau DA, Tai PC, Spry CJ, Dahinden CA, Baggiolini M. Shape changes, exocytosis, and cytosolic free calcium changes in stimulated human eosinophils. J Clin Invest 1991; 87:2012-7. [PMID: 2040692 PMCID: PMC296956 DOI: 10.1172/jci115230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Essentially pure preparations of normal density eosinophils obtained from patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) were stimulated with complement factor 5a (C5a), platelet-activating factor (PAF), FMLP and neutrophil-activating peptide (NAP-1/IL-8). Three responses were studied, the transient rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) (derived from indo-1 fluorescence), shape changes (measured by laser turbidimetry), and exocytosis of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) (assessed by H2O2/luminol-dependent chemiluminescence). Responses were obtained with all four agonists, but C5a and PAF were by far more potent than FMLP and NAP-1/IL-8, which induced only minor effects. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin attenuated [Ca2+]i changes, EPO release and, to a lesser extent, shape changes, indicating that GTP-binding proteins of Gi-type are involved in receptor-dependent signal transduction processes leading to these responses. A clear dissociation was observed in the control of the shape change response and EPO exocytosis. The shape change was not affected by Ca2+ depletion or treatment with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, but exocytosis was prevented by Ca2+ depletion and markedly enhanced by staurosporine. The activation of the contractile system, leading to shape changes and motility, thus appears to be independent of the classical signal transduction pathway involving phospholipase C, a [Ca2+]i rise and protein kinase C activation. Exocytosis is, as expected, Ca2+ dependent and appears to be under a negative control involving protein phosphorylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kernen
- Theodor-Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Wong K, Parente J, Prasad KV, Ng D. Auranofin modulated cytoplasmic free calcium in neutrophils by mobilizing intracellular calcium and inhibiting protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Huang CK, Bonak V, Laramee GR, Casnellie JE. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Biochem J 1990; 269:431-6. [PMID: 1696809 PMCID: PMC1131595 DOI: 10.1042/bj2690431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils was examined by immunoblotting with antibodies specific for phosphotyrosine. Stimulation of the neutrophils with chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe (10 nM) caused rapid increases of tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with apparent molecular masses of (Group A) 54-58 kDa and 100-125 kDa and (Group B) 36-41 kDa. Stimulation of Group A proteins was observed by fMet-Leu-Phe (10 nM, maximum at 20 s) and A23187 (1 microM, 1 min). Stimulation of Group B proteins was observed by fMet-Leu-Phe (ED50 0.15 nM, 1 min), leukotriene B4 (ED50 0.15 nM, 1 min), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (ED50 25 ng/ml, 10 min) and partially by ionophore A23187 (1 microM, 1 min). Pretreatment of the cell with the protein kinase inhibitor H-7 (25 microM, 5 min) and PMA (0.1 microgram/ml, 3 min) partially inhibited the fMet-Leu-Phe effect. However, pretreatment of the cells with quin 2/AM (20 microM, 10 min) completely inhibited the fMet-Leu-Phe effect. The results indicate that rapid regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event occurring in stimulated neutrophils. Furthermore the effect of fMet-Leu-Phe on tyrosine phosphorylation may require Ca2+ mobilization and may partially require the activity of H-7-sensitive protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032
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21
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Shawar SM, Cook RG, Rodgers JR, Rich RR. Specialized functions of MHC class I molecules. I. An N-formyl peptide receptor is required for construction of the class I antigen Mta. J Exp Med 1990; 171:897-912. [PMID: 2307936 PMCID: PMC2187787 DOI: 10.1084/jem.171.3.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally transmitted factor (Mtf) is a mitochondrial gene that controls the antigenic polymorphism of the MHC class I maternally transmitted antigen (Mta). Synthetic peptides from the NH2 terminus of the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) mimic Mtf peptide activity in an allele-specific manner. We show that the minimal ND1-alpha peptide length recognized by Mtaa-specific polyclonal CTLs was between 8 and 12 amino acids, while some Mtaa-specific CTL clones recognized a six amino acid peptide. The N-formyl group at the NH2 terminus of ND1 was essential for Mta activity. Competition experiments using N-substituted ND1-alpha peptides showed that an N-formyl peptide receptor on the target cell, which differs from the chemotactic peptide receptor, was required for Mta expression. The specificity of this receptor can account for the distinct immune restriction of Mta in which Mtf peptides are uniquely restricted by Hmt. It is possible that the Hmt gene product is the N-formyl peptide receptor itself and that it represents a class I antigen presentation molecule specialized for binding, transport, and immune presentation of N-formyl-peptide antigens of mitochondrial and prokaryotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shawar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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22
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Pfefferkorn LC, Guyre PM, Fanger MW. Functional comparison of the inductions of NADPH oxidase activity and Fc gamma RI in IFN gamma-treated U937 cells. Mol Immunol 1990; 27:263-72. [PMID: 2160604 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(90)90139-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to generate superoxide anion (O2-) can be induced in U937 cells by various agents known to cause myeloid cell differentiation. Other reported differentiation events include diminished cell proliferation and the induction by gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) of Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G1 (Fc gamma RI). In this study, we differentiated U937 cells and high Fc gamma RI-expression mutants of U937 cells by treating them with IFN gamma. We compared the time courses over which surface Fc gamma RI became maximal, NADPH oxidase activity was induced, and the antiproliferative effect of IFN gamma was detected. Oxidase activity was measured by stimulating cells with PMA or by activating surface Fc gamma RI using aggregated human IgG1 or second antibody crosslinking of mAb 32/Fc gamma RI complexes. We found that IFN gamma in the absence of additional lymphokines induced high levels of oxidase activity in maximally differentiated U937 cells with even higher levels in the fully differentiated high-Fc gamma RI expression mutants (greater than 8 nmoles/10(6) cells/min for A12.13 cells). Over the course of differentiation, maximal induced levels of Fc gamma RI were reached after 1 to 2 days of IFN gamma treatment, prior to the antiproliferative effect of the lymphokine. In contrast, oxidase activity was induced after a lag of approximately 2 days, becoming maximal only after 4 to 6 days of IFN gamma treatment. This comparison of the induction of Fc gamma RI with that of oxidase activity triggered through Fc gamma RI indicated that the rapid increase of surface receptor was not accompanied by a completion of the pathway of Fc gamma RI-mediated oxidase activity. However, the time courses of induction detected by PMA and Fc gamma RI-agonists were coincident suggesting that the development of oxidative capacity could be due to the induction of components required by both the PMA- and surface receptor-mediated pathways. There are several oxidase components that are known to be IFN gamma-inducible, such as the oxidase flavoprotein, a b558 cytochrome peptide, and oxidase-requiring cytosolic components, and it is possible that one or a set of these components could be the limiting factor(s) for IFN gamma-induced oxidase activity.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases
- Receptors, Fc/analysis
- Receptors, IgG
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pfefferkorn
- Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03756
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23
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Runyan RB, Potts JD, Sharma RV, Loeber CP, Chiang JJ, Bhalla RC. Signal transduction of a tissue interaction during embryonic heart development. CELL REGULATION 1990; 1:301-13. [PMID: 2129222 PMCID: PMC361475 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.1.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During early cardiac development, progenitors of the valves and septa of the heart are formed by an epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation of endothelial cells of the atrioventricular (AV) canal. We have previously shown that this event is due to an interaction between the endothelium and products of the myocardium found within the extracellular matrix. The present study examines signal transduction mechanisms governing this differentiation of AV canal endothelium. Activators of protein kinase C (PKC), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and mezerein, both produced an incomplete phenotypic transformation of endothelial cells in an in vitro bioassay for transformation. On the other hand, inhibitors of PKC (H-7 and staurosporine) and tyrosine kinase (genistein) blocked cellular transformation in response to the native myocardium or a myocardially-conditioned medium. Intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in single endothelial cells by microscopic digital analysis of fura 2 fluorescence. Addition of a myocardial conditioned medium containing the transforming stimulus produced a specific increase in [Ca2+]i in "competent" AV canal, but not ventricular, endothelial cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation was inhibited by pertussis toxin but not cholera toxin. These data lead to the hypothesis that signal transduction of this tissue interaction is mediated by a G protein and one or more kinase activities. In response to receptor activation, competent AV canal endothelial cells demonstrate an increase in [Ca2+]i. Together, the data provide direct evidence for a regional and temporal regulation of signal transduction processes which mediate a specific extracellular matrix-mediated tissue interaction in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Runyan
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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