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Singh P, Walia V, Verma PK. Hypoglycemia and anxiolysis mediated by levofloxacin treatment in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1197-1209. [PMID: 37975146 PMCID: PMC10638278 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study was designed to determine the effect of levofloxacin (LVX) treatment on the blood glucose level, insulin sensitivity, anxiety level, nitrite and MDA level of STZ induced diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were used in the present study. The rats were made diabetic by the administration of single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and NAD (50 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats with the blood glucose level greater than 200 mg/dl were considered as diabetic (confirmed at day-3 of STZ-NAD administration). The non-diabetic rats were considered as control and received saline.Diabetic rats received metformin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and LVX (20, 25, 30 and 35 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 14 days (starting from the day at which STZ was injected). Following administration on 14th day,the blood sample was collected and the rats were subjected to behavioral assays for the determination of locomotor activity and anxiety level. Plasma was separated and used for the estimation ofnitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA)level. On 15th day OGTT was performed in the overnight fasted rats for the assessment of insulin sensitivity. Results The results obtained suggested that the administration of STZ-NAD induced the hyperglycemia at day-3 of administration. Diabetic rats displayed the significant increase in blood glucose, anxiety related behavior, MDA level while significant decrease in the insulin sensitivity and plasma nitrite level. Daily administration of metformin to the diabetic rats decreased the blood glucose level, increased the time spent at the center of open field, reversed the anxiety related behavior in LDT and EPM, did not affect the plasma nitrite level, decreased the plasma MDA level, decreased the fasting glucose level and AUC in OGTT assay. LVX (30 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. LVX (20, 25 and 30 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the number of square crossing while LVX (20, 25, 30 and 35) treatment significantly increased the time spent at the center of the field by the diabetic rats. LVX (20 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the STZ induced anxiety in LDT while LVX (20, 30 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the STZ induced anxiety in EPM test. LVX (20, 25 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the plasma nitrite level and LVX (20-35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the MDA level of diabetic rats. Further only LVX (35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the fasting glucose level and increased the AUC of diabetic rats. Conclusion In conclusion, STZ-NAD administration increased the blood glucose level, anxiety related behavior, decreased the plasma nitrite and increased the MDA level. LVX administration potentiated the diabetogenic effects of STZ-NAD in rats. Daily administration of LVX decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. LVX administration alleviated the STZ induced anxiety in OFT, LDT and EPM test. LVX administration increased the plasma nitrite level and decreased the lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01234-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Prabhakar Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
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Morsy MHE, Nabil ZI, Darwish ST, Al-Eisa RA, Mehana AE. Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Harmine in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes in Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1693. [PMID: 37629550 PMCID: PMC10455780 DOI: 10.3390/life13081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important health issues facing the world today is obesity. It is an important independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Harmine offers various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. The current study aims to investigate Harmine's anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic properties in albino mice after inducing low-grade inflammation with a high-fat diet (HFD). About forty-eight male albino mice were divided into four groups. Group 1: control mice were injected with daily saline and fed a normal chow diet of 21% protein for 5 months. Group 2: mice were treated daily with IP-injected Harmine (30 mg/kg body weight) and were fed a normal chow diet for 5 months. Group 3: mice were fed HFD to induce type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for 5 months. Group 4: mice were fed HFD for 14 weeks and treated with Harmine for the last 6 weeks. A figh-fat diet caused a significant increase in body and organ weight, lipid profiles, and destructive changes within the pancreas, kidney, and liver tissue. The administration of Harmine led to a remarkable improvement in the histological and ultrastructural changes induced by HFD. The findings indicate that mice cured using Harmine had lower oxidative stress, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and a reduced lipid profile compared to HFD mice. Harmine led to the hepatocytes partly restoring their ordinary configuration. Furthermore, it was noticed that the pathological incidence of damage in the structure of both the kidney and pancreas sections reduced in comparison with the diabetic group. Additional research will be required to fully understand Harmine and its preventive effects on the two forms of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna H E Morsy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Zohour I Nabil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Samah T Darwish
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Al-Eisa
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir E Mehana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Chu DT, Nguyen TL. Frizzled receptors and SFRP5 in lipid metabolism: Current findings and potential applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:377-393. [PMID: 36631199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a very important role as the central metabolic process of the body. Lipid metabolism interruptions may cause many chronic diseases, for example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and obesity. Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 5 (SFRP5) and Frizzled receptors (FZD) are two newly discovered adipokines that are involved in lipid metabolism as well as lipogenesis. Both of these adipokines affect lipid metabolism and adipogenesis through three WNT signaling pathways (WNTSP): WNT/β-catenin, WNT/Ca2+, and WNT/JNK. FZD consists of 10 species, which have a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) to bind to the WNT protein for signal transduction. Depending on the type of ligand or co-receptor, they can stimulate or inhibit adipogenesis. In lipid metabolism, they play a role in recognizing fatty acids. In obesity, gene expression of the WNT/FZD receptors is significantly increased. In contrast, SFPR5 serves as an antagonist that can compete with FZD for inhibition of WNTSP. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory potential in obesity and diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism. In these cases, the expression of SFRP5 is found to be very low leading to the promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines (PICS). Some methods that include using recombinant SFRP5 to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), using secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 (Slurp1) to regulate fat accumulation in the liver through SFRP5, and dietary and lifestyle interventions to improve overweight/obesity have been studied. However, understandings of the molecular mechanisms of these two adipokines and their interactions are very limited. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Lam Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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ElBanna AH, Osman AS, Hossny A, ElBanna H, Abo El-Ela FI. Dose-dependent effects of taurine against testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231172745. [PMID: 37099672 PMCID: PMC10141268 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231172745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Testicular dysfunction has been associated with chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients. We investigated taurine's possible mechanisms and protective effects against testicular damage using a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Wistar rats (N = 56) were divided into seven equal groups. Untreated control rats received saline, and treated control rats received taurine 50 mg/kg orally. To induce diabetes, rats received a single dose of streptozotocin. Metformin-treated diabetic rats received metformin at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Taurine-treated groups received 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg. All treatments were provided orally once a day for 9 weeks following the streptozotocin injection. Levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, testicular tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were examined. Sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and sperm abnormalities were examined. Body and relative reproductive gland weights were assessed. Histopathological examinations of the testes and epididymis were performed. RESULTS Metformin as well as taurine (in a dose-dependent manner) resulted in significant improvements in body and relative reproductive gland weights, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and insulin levels, as well as cytokine and oxidative parameters. These findings were associated with significant improvement in sperm count, progressive sperm motility, sperm abnormalities, and histopathological lesions in the testes and epididymis. CONCLUSION Taurine can potentially improve hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and testicular damage associated with diabetes mellitus, possibly by controlling inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H ElBanna
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Afaf S Osman
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Hossny
- Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, October City, Egypt
| | - Hossny ElBanna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Kaur S, Garg N, Rubal R, Dhiman M. Correlative study on heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and hypertension among the rural population of Malwa Region of Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90948-90963. [PMID: 35881282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced toxicity contributes to the progression of various metabolic disorders and possible mechanisms involved in disease progression are not well established. In this study, the correlation of heavy metal exposure and hypertension have been demonstrated. The results showed that in hypertensive subjects, the lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and total cholesterol) and cardiac markers (CK-MB and LDH) were altered abruptly. As a consequence of heavy- induced oxidative stress, the oxidants (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and TAC) were significantly increased and decreased, respectively in hypertension subjects. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) exceeded the permissible limits in hypertensive subjects. The Nrf-2 genotyping indicated that heavy metals may induce mutations at molecular level. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the heavy metals interact with cellular components and interfere with metabolic processes which then results in disturbed lipid profile, enhanced oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant status. The current study systematically estimated the association of hair and nail heavy metal concentrations with hypertension among the population residing in the Malwa region of Punjab. The proposed study highlighted that heavy metals act as a silent risk factor in the hypertension progression in the population of Malwa region. Future studies are required to confirm current findings and further scrutinize the effect of heavy metals exposure in early adulthood, early, and late mid-life to develop metabolic complications such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rubal Rubal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Beloucif A, Kechrid Z, Bekada AMA. Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats and the Potential Role of Sesame Oil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3236-3247. [PMID: 34613584 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is recognized to have a crucial function in insulin production. As a result, its absence may have a deleterious impact on the progression of diabetes and associated consequences. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sesame oil on biochemical parameters, zinc status, and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed zinc-deficient diet. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group consisted of non-diabetic rats that were fed in a sufficient zinc diet, whereas the second was a diabetic group which received also sufficient zinc diet, while the third and fourth groups were diabetic rats fed in a deficient zinc diet, one was non-treated and the other was treated with sesame oil 6% diet for 27 days. Zinc deficiency has affected the weight of the diabetic animals. It was also noticed that inadequate dietary zinc intake increased concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and transaminases activities. Furthermore, zinc deficiency feed provoked a decrease in zinc level in tissues (femur, liver, and pancreas); glutathione concentration; and lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities. However, sesame oil treatment ameliorated all the previous parameters approximately to their normal values. It was found out that sesame oil supplementation is a potent factor in mitigating the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in diabetes through its effective antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Beloucif
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ali Bekada
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
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8
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Comparative haemato-biochemical profile of induced anchylostomiasis in healthy and diabetic murine model. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tyler K, Geilman S, Bell DM, Taylor N, Honeycutt SC, Garrett PI, Hillhouse TM, Covey TM. Acyl Peptide Enzyme Hydrolase (APEH) activity is inhibited by lipid metabolites and peroxidation products. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109639. [PMID: 34508712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acyl Peptide Enzyme Hydrolase (APEH) activity is decreased in certain diseases but the mechanism and impact behind this loss in activity is not well understood. We hypothesized that lipid metabolites and lipid peroxidation products produced in inflammatory diseases may bind to and inhibit APEH activity. In vitro studies carried out in mammalian cell lysates, as well as with purified APEH protein, support our hypothesis that cellular lipid metabolites and lipid peroxidation products significantly decrease APEH activity. Enzymatic assays and molecular docking in silico analysis suggest that larger lipid metabolites are the best APEH inhibitors. APEH activity was measured in vivo in mice exposed to chronic e-cigarette vapor, as e-cigarettes are known to increase reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. In support of our in vitro findings, APEH activity in our mouse model demonstrates decreased APEH activity in the brains of mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor. These results provide a novel mechanism by which APEH activity may be inhibited in disease states. Furthermore, APEH inhibition may contribute to disease development and progression in pathologies associated with redox imbalances and can potentially act as biomarker for oxidative stress in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Shelby Geilman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Deborah M Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Sarah C Honeycutt
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Patrick I Garrett
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Tracy M Covey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA.
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Mbatha B, Khathi A, Sibiya N, Booysen I, Mangundu P, Ngubane P. Anti-hyperglycaemic effects of dioxidovanadium complex cis-[VO 2(obz)py] avert kidney dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:402-410. [PMID: 33759555 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of antidiabetic drugs in alleviation of hyperglycaemia, diabetic complications, including renal dysfunction, continue to be a burden. This raises the need to seek alternative therapies that will alleviate these complications. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dioxidovanadium(V) complex cis-[VO2(obz)py] on renal function in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with cis-[VO2(obz)py] (40 mg·kg-1) twice every third day for five weeks. Diabetic untreated and insulin-treated rats served as the diabetic control and positive control, respectively. Blood glucose concentrations, water intake, urinary output, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored weekly for five weeks. Rats were then euthanized, and blood and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Significant decreases in blood glucose concentrations, MAP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and SGLT2 expression, as well as plasma angiotensin and aldosterone concentrations, were observed in the treated groups compared with the diabetic control. The complex also increased urinary glucose concentrations, antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD concentrations, and decreased MDA concentrations and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentrations. These findings suggest that the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of this vanadium complex may ameliorate kidney dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonisiwe Mbatha
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Irvin Booysen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Mangundu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Tebboub I, Kechrid Z. Effect of curcuma on zinc, lipid profile and antioxidants levels in blood and tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed zinc deficiency diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:162-169. [PMID: 31215830 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1623820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of zinc as an antioxidant and its crucial role in insulin synthesis, its deficiency may affect adversely diabetic state. So, this study aimed to modulate these effects using Curcuma longa as natural antioxidant. Rats were divided into four groups: two groups fed a zinc sufficient diet one non-diabetic and the other diabetic, while the others two groups diabetic rats fed a zinc-deficient diet, one non-treated group and the other treated with curcuma 1% diet. After four weeks of dietary manipulation, fasting animals were scarified. Zinc deficiency decreased body weight, insulin, zinc tissues, alkaline phosphatase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Conversely glucose, lipids profile, transaminases and malondialdehyde were increased. However, the above-mentioned parameters were significantly improved following curcuma supplementation. So it seems that curcuma is a potent factor for reducing the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in experimental diabetes through its antioxidants actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Tebboub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
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Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Bajaj S, Singh L. Evaluation of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of Barleria cristata Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:170. [PMID: 33927962 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic action of leaf extract of Barleria cristata Linn in rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) and randomly divided into 7 groups. Animals were treated with low (250 mg/kg) and high (500 mg/kg) doses of ethyl acetate leaf extract (EALE) and hydro-alcoholic leaf extract (HALE) up to 21 days. The body weight and blood glucose level (BGL) were measured on weekly basis. The rats were killed under mild ether anesthesia on 21st day, blood and the vital organ were collected to estimate biochemical parameters and to study histopathological changes. A single-dose administration of alloxan induced hyperglycemia in all the groups. A regular increase in BGL was observed in toxic control groups when compared with the normal control. Daily oral administration of rats with extracts (HALE and EALE) and standard drug (Glimepiride, 5 mg/kg), reduced elevated BGL significantly (p < 0.001), and body weight was regained in diabetic rats. The extract treatment also improved the normal functioning of the liver and kidneys as evidenced by the restoration of the biochemical profile. The study revealed that B. cristata possesses promising antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakshi Bajaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana India
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Tareke AA, Hadgu AA. The effect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 33653396 PMCID: PMC7923652 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials evaluating the role of vitamin C supplementation on lipid profiles among diabetic patients to summarize the available findings. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Clinical trials conducted on adult type 2 diabetic patients evaluating the effect of vitamin C supplementation and reported lipid profiles (cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated. RESULTS Vitamin C supplementation had no significant effect on TC (WMD = - 4.36 mg/dl (95% CI - 10.24, 1.52) p-value = 0.146), LDL level (WMD = 2.73 mg/dl (95% CI - 1.72, 7.17) p-value = 0.229), and HDL level (WMD = 0.91 mg/dl (CI - 0.45, 2.27) p-value = 0.191). However, it reduced TG and secondary outcomes (FBS and HgA1C): TG (WMD = - 11.15 mg/dl (95% CI - 21.58, - 0.71) p-value = 0.036), FBS (WMD = - 16.94 mg/dl CI - 21.84, - 12.04, p-value = 0.000), and HgA1C (WMD = - 1.01% CI - 1.18, - 0.83, p-value = 0.001. Subgroup analysis also depicted younger patients, longer duration of treatment and higher dose were important factors. In addition, meta-regression analysis indicated the significant role of patient age, duration of treatment, supplementation dose, BMI and other baseline variables. CONCLUSION There is no adequate evidence to support vitamin C supplementation for dyslipidemias in diabetic patients. Specific group of patients might have benefited including younger diabetic patients. Future researches should give emphasis on the duration of treatment, the dose of vitamin C and baseline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Abera Tareke
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Addis Alem Hadgu
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Majidi Z, Hosseinkhani S, Amiri-Dashatan N, Emamgholipour S, Tutunchi S, Hashemi J, Ghorbani F, Koushki M. Effect of rosiglitazone on circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight clinical trials. J Investig Med 2020; 69:697-703. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and clinical data suggest a reducing effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on the level of MDA in these patients. However, the results of available studies on the level of MDA in RSG-treated patients are not univocal. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of RSG on the level of MDA. We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for related controlled trials until July 2020. Eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Extracted data from each study were combined using a random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. Eight trials with 456 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The results significantly showed the reducing effect of RSG on circulating MDA level (−0.47 μmol/mL; 95% CI −0.93 to −0.01; p=0.04; I2=82.1%; p heterogeneity=0.00) in individuals with T2D. No publication bias was observed with Begg’s rank correlation (p=0.71) and Egger’s linear regression (p=0.52) tests. Subgroup analyses showed that an intervention dose of 8 mg/day in serum samples was found to have a reducing effect on the level of MDA (−0.56 μmol/mL; 95% CI −0.98 to −0.14; p=0.008; I2=11.4%; p heterogeneity=0.32). Random-effects meta-regression did not show any significant association between the level of MDA and potential confounders including RSG dose, treatment duration, and sex. In conclusion, we found a significant reduction in MDA concentration in subjects with T2D who received a dose of 8 mg of RSG daily.
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Sushith S, Krishnamurthy HN, Reshma S, Janice D, Madan G, Ashok KJ, Prathima MB, Kalal BS. Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Fibrinogen, High Sensitivity C- Reactive Proteins in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus without Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertension: A Case-Control Study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:241-249. [PMID: 33178875 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the levels of serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), fibrinogen (FIB) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension (HT) (DMT2HTN) and without HT (DMT2). Also, their association with certain biochemical and physical factors were studied to identify possible risk factors that lead to cardiovascular complications. Methods Fasting blood samples were collected from 35 DMT2 or DMT2HTN patients each to analyze differences in serum and plasma levels of IMA, hs-CRP, FIB, total cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glycated hemoglobin and creatinine. Results In DMT2 and DMT2HTN patients, IMA, hs-CRP, FIB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, glycated hemoglobin and creatinine levels, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), were significantly higher relative to healthy controls. In addition, the levels of IMA, hs-CRP and FIB levels showed a strong link to BMI, WHR, TC, TG, LDL and glycated hemoglobin. Lastly, both DMT2 and DMT2HTN patients demonstrated a significant reduction in HDL. Conclusion DMT2 and DMT2HTN patients have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular related complications. This study suggests that quantifying hs-CRP, IMA and FIB levels can help diagnose the risk of developing complications during the early stages of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Overall, the specific risk factors may be used for early identification of cardiovascular complications to decrease mortality and morbidity in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushith Sushith
- Department of Biochemistry, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shridhar Reshma
- Department of Biochemistry, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India
| | - D'Sa Janice
- Department of Biochemistry, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Madan
- Department of Biochemistry, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumar Jeppu Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India.,International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia
| | | | - Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- A. J. Research Centre, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru 575004, Karnataka, India.,Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States of America
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Rezaei S, Ashkar F, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Mazloom Z, Doaei S. Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 32340610 PMCID: PMC7184710 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that herbal extracts may have some protective effect against the complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to metformin on liver damage, lipid abnormality, and glycemic control in diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to 4 groups of rats. Three groups of diabetic rats were given 250 mg/kg/day metformin, 25 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract, or 100 mg/kg/day of this extract. Two non-diabetic groups were also given either 25 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium extract. Normal control and diabetic control rats received 1 mL/day of normal saline. Treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. At the end, rats were anesthetized with ether and their serum samples were separated in order to measure blood glucose, serum total protein, lipids, and liver enzymes. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels of the Achillea millefolium extract-treated groups compared to the other groups. In addition, there was a significant increment in body weight and HDL-cholesterol serum level in the Achillea millefolium-treated groups. CONCLUSION Achillea millefolium extract compared to metformin reduces lipid abnormality, blood glucose and liver enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Future clinical studies are warranted to confirm our experimental findings in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashkar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Students Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Arab Sarhadi N, Fakhreddin-nejad ME, Rajabi MH, Mokarrari S, Naghipour E, Hooshmand K, Mostakhdem Hashemi M. Evaluation of Fasting Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Individuals in Gorgan, Northeastern. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jcbr.3.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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18
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Ahmad B, Rehman MU, Amin I, Mir MUR, Ahmad SB, Farooq A, Muzamil S, Hussain I, Masoodi M, Fatima B. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butan-2-one) protects against alloxan-induced diabetes via alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation: Probable role of NF-kB activation. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1137-1145. [PMID: 30532634 PMCID: PMC6260481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is considered as the most common metabolic disease affecting millions of people all around the world. Use of natural herbal medicines can be effective in treating diabetes. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butan-2-one) a polyphenolic alkanone extracted from ginger has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties and thus can be used as a promising candidate against various ailments. In the current study we aimed at demonstrating the protective effect of zingerone against diabetes mellitus and elucidating its possible mechanism. Five groups of animals (I-V) were made with ten animals each. Group I (control) was given normal saline orally. Group II (diabetic positive control) was given alloxan at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg bwt once. Group III and IV was given alloxan once at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg bwt. and received oral treatment of zingerone at a dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt respectively daily for 21 days. Group V was given alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg bwt. and was treated with standard drug glibenclamide at the dose rate of 4.5 mg/kg bwt. daily for 21 days. According to our findings we confirmed that zingerone restrained the alloxan induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reducing the peroxidative damage. We also confirmed that zingerone suppressed the level of redox sensitive transcription factor NFκB and downregulated other downstream inflammatory cytokines like interleukins (IL1-β IL-2, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, the experimental findings suggested that zingerone improved the insulin levels. Taken together our results indicated that zingerone effectively ameliorated the diabetes induced complications which provide a strong theoretical basis for zingerone to be used clinically for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Insha Amin
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Manzoor ur Rahman Mir
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Adil Farooq
- RAKCOPS, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras AL Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Ishraq Hussain
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Mubashir Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Bilques Fatima
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
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Yu LY, Shi WL, Guo XG. Cardio-Protective Role of Gingerol along with Prominent Anti-Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Action in A Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:469-475. [PMID: 28836409 PMCID: PMC5570412 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized as a coronary heart disease which expands during diabetes due to alterations in the myocardial function and structure. The currentstudy intends to elucidate the protective effect of gingerol on DCM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, the animals were divided into three groups: normal control, DM control, and DM+gingerol (10 mg/kg). The body weights of all rats were estimated at regular intervals. The myocardial profile, oxidative stress, and activities of metabolic enzymes were also scrutinized. The proinflammatory cytokine levels together with cellular protein expression connected with apoptosis were estimated via Western blot analysis. RESULTS The rats that suffered from DCM exhibited abnormal levels of myocardial markers, aberrant metabolic enzymatic activity, elevated concentrations of inflammatory factors, and enhanced oxidative stress parameters along with increased cell death apoptosis. Whereas gingerol showed protective effects on the treated rats by an improved antioxidant defense system. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggested that gingerol is effective in the treatment of DCM by inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-GuiGuo Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Genetic, dietary, and non-dietary risk factors of obesity among preparatory-year female students at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hu X, Liu C, Wang X, Jia D, Lu W, Sun X, Liu Y, Yuan L. Hpyerglycemic and anti-diabetic nephritis activities of polysaccharides separated from Auricularia auricular in diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:352-358. [PMID: 28123514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to substantial morbidity and complications including nephropathy, a search for alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus is urgently required. The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of polysaccharides separated from Auricularia auricular (AAP). Diet streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with metformin (100 mg/kg; positive control) and AAP (100 and 400 mg/kg) for four weeks, and parameters in the serum and liver associated with blood glucose, free radicals and nephropathy were determined. Similar to metformin, AAP treatment strongly reduced blood glucose levels by promoting glucose metabolism. The anti-oxidative activity of AAP, which was indicated by the modulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reactive oxygen species and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde levels in serum, was observed in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of AAP on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric protein and inflammatory-related factors revealed its protection against diabetic nephropathy. The present data suggests that AAP-mediated anti-diabetic and anti-nephritic effects are partially associated with their modulations on the anti-oxidative system and nuclear factor kappa B-related signaling pathway. In conclusion, AAP has potential to be a novel source of treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, Jilin 130013, P.R. China
| | - Chungang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Faculty of Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, Jilin 130013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Yuan
- Center for Drug Evaluation of China, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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El-Far YM, Zakaria MM, Gabr MM, El Gayar AM, El-Sherbiny IM, Eissa LA. A newly developed silymarin nanoformulation as a potential antidiabetic agent in experimental diabetes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2581-602. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop a new stable nanoformulation of silymarin (SM) with optimum enhanced oral bioavailability and to evaluate its effect as well as mechanism of action as a superior antidiabetic agent over native SM using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: SM-loaded pluronic nanomicelles (SMnp) were prepared and fully characterized. Biochemical parameters were performed as well as histological, confocal and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies on pancreatic target tissues. Results & conclusion: SMnp were found to improve significantly the antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties as compared with native SM. In addition, SMnp was found to be a more efficient agent over SM in the management of diabetes and its associated complications due to its superior bioavailability in vivo, and the controlled release profile of SM. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amal M El Gayar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center for Materials Science, University of Science & Technology, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
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Gupta NK, Srivastva N, Bubber P, Puri S. The Antioxidant Potential of Azadirachta indica Ameliorates Cardioprotection Following Diabetic Mellitus-Induced Microangiopathy. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S371-8. [PMID: 27563227 PMCID: PMC4971959 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.185772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac complications associated with diabetes mellitus have become major cause of concern. Antidiabetic drugs, with varied mode of action, are although available, apprehensions exist for their limited action or side effects upon prolonged use. Efforts are therefore inclined toward finding other alternatives. The present study was, thus, undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Azadirachta indica (AI) on microangiopathic changes in rat model of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Seven days after glucose levels are stabilized, aqueous leaf extract of AI (ALE) (600 mg/kg(1) body weight) was administered orally to diabetic animals every day for 7 days. RESULTS High blood glucose characterizing diabetes in these animals was found to show increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), altered antioxidant biomarkers together with microangiopathic alterations. The treatment of diabetic rats with ALE reduced the levels of blood glucose, LPO, and restored the activities of antioxidant enzyme. Light and transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed reduced necrotic areas and inflammation in tissue architecture of ALE treated heart in comparison to untreated diabetic group. CONCLUSION AI provides cardioprotection by ameliorating oxidative stress in rat model of diabetic mellitus. SUMMARY The streptozotocin (STZ) treatment (60 mg/kg body weight) to animals induced diabetic changes such as elevated blood glucose levels, decreased body weight, altered lipid profiles together with development of proxidant state evidenced by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), depletion in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and altered antioxidant enzymes with consequent microangiopathic alterations in heart tissue evinced by localization of necrotic and inflamed areas in heart tissueThe treatment of animals with Azadirachta indica leaf extract (ALE) (600 mg/kg body weight) post-STZ treatment significantly reversed the adverse effects witnessed by normalized blood glucose levels, improvement in reduced body weight and stabilized lipid profilesFurther, ALE treatment also significantly reduced the LPO indices, improvement in GSH content and restoration of antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting antioxidatant potential of ALEThe microangiopathic changes in the heart tissue consequent to induction of diabetes and oxidative stress by STZ as reiterated through light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were found to be reversed by ALE treatment. These observations pointed toward cardiopreventive effects of ALE following microangiopathic changes as seen following induction of diabetes mellitus. Abbreviations used: AI: Azadirachta indica, ALE: Azadirachta indica Leaves Extract. STZ: Streptozotocin, LPO Lipid per oxidation, GSH: Glutathione, GSSG: Glutathione disulphide, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, GP: Glutathione peroxidase, GR: Glutathione reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastva
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Fatani SH, Babakr AT, NourEldin EM, Almarzouki AA. Lipid peroxidation is associated with poor control of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S64-S67. [PMID: 26806326 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which results in an imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidant defense system of the cells. A positive correlation was reported between lipid peroxide levels and diabetic complication. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the state of oxidative stress in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients. METHODS One hundred thirty nine participants were included in this study, grouped as: Group-I: Healthy Control group of non-diabetic normal subjects, Group-II: Controlled type-2 DM group of subjects with type-2 DM and HbA1c≤8% and Group-III: Uncontrolled type-2 DM group of subjects with type-2 DM and HbA1c>8%. Fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial glucose, MDA and HbA1c were quantified. The association between diabetic control and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) was evaluated. RESULTS The mean HbA1c increased significantly in uncontrolled type-2 DM subjects compared to controlled type-2 DM group. Lipid peroxidation as expressed in MDA was significantly increased in uncontrolled type-2 DM group compared to controlled type-2 DM, both groups show significant elevation in this parameter compared to healthy subjects. There is a significant positive correlation between MDA and HbA1c in the studied subjects. CONCLUSION The core problem during diabetes is poor glycemic control, which leads to protein glycation, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and finally varieties of complications. Periodic evaluation of lipid peroxidation products in diabetes mellitus is recommended as it could contribute to the early identification and management of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hassan Fatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, K.S.A., Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, K.S.A., Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Abdalla A Almarzouki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, K.S.A., Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Djordjevic G, Ljubisavljevic S. Gender differences in the plasma lipid profile and cellular lipid peroxidation intensity in diabetic patients with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Smriti K, Pai KM, Ravindranath V, Pentapati KC. Role of salivary malondialdehyde in assessment of oxidative stress among diabetics. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016; 6:41-4. [PMID: 26937368 PMCID: PMC4756067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate and compare the salivary content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 30 freshly diagnosed subjects of diabetes mellitus and 30 volunteers with no diabetes mellitus. Serum and salivary MDS levels were evaluated among all the subjects. RESULTS The mean serum MDA in group controls and diabetics was 0.95 ± 0.13 and 3.11 ± 0.42. The mean salivary MDA in group controls and diabetics was 0.26 ± 0.05 μmol/l and 0.81 ± 0.07 μmol/l. The mean serum and salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in group diabetics than control group (p < 0.001 and <0.001) respectively. There was significant positive strong correlation between serum and salivary MDA levels in both controls and diabetics groups (r = 0.857, p < 0.001 and r = 0.891, p < 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSION MDA was detectable in saliva in both diabetic and control groups. There was a positive significant correlation between salivary and serum MDA in diabetic and control subjects. Hence, salivary MDA appears to be an indicator of serum MDA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Smriti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Keerthilatha Muralidhar Pai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Vineetha Ravindranath
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Johnston PC, McCance DR, Holmes VA, Young IS, McGinty A. Placental antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: The effect of vitamin C and E supplementation. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:109-14. [PMID: 26597598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In view of the increased rates of pre-eclampsia observed in diabetic pregnancy and the lack of ex vivo data on placental biomarkers of oxidative stress in T1 diabetic pregnancy, the aim of the current investigation was to examine placental antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. A further objective of the study was to investigate the putative impact of vitamin C and E supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in type 1 diabetic placentae. METHODS The current study measured levels of antioxidant enzyme [glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (Gred), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] activity and degree of lipid peroxidation (aqueous phase hydroperoxides and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) in matched central and peripheral samples from placentae of DAPIT (n=57) participants. Levels of vitamin C and E were assessed in placentae and cord blood. RESULTS Peripheral placentae demonstrated significant increases in Gpx and Gred activities in pre-eclamptic in comparison to non-pre-eclamptic women. Vitamin C and E supplementation had no significant effect on cord blood or placental levels of these vitamins, nor on placental antioxidant enzyme activity or degree of lipid peroxidation in comparison to placebo-supplementation. CONCLUSION The finding that maternal supplementation with vitamin C/E does not augment cord or placental levels of these vitamins is likely to explain the lack of effect of such supplementation on placental indices including antioxidant enzymes or markers of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Johnston
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David R McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A Holmes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McGinty
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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DU LINNA, LIU CHUNGANG, TENG MEIYU, MENG QINGFAN, LU JIAHUI, ZHOU YULIN, LIU YAN, CHENG YINGKUN, WANG DI, TENG LESHENG. Anti-diabetic activities of Paecilomyces tenuipes N45 extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1701-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Differential response of biochemical parameters to EMS and MMS treatments and their dose effect relationship on chromosomes in induced diabetic mouse. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hemmati M, Zohoori E, Mehrpour O, Karamian M, Asghari S, Zarban A, Nasouti R. Anti-atherogenic potential of jujube, saffron and barberry: anti-diabetic and antioxidant actions. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:908-15. [PMID: 26600752 PMCID: PMC4650949 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by an increased level of lipoprotein (a) and a decreased level of adiponectin, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. To reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients, use of agents with antidiabetic and anti-atherogenic potential is required. Using an animal model of diabetes, we investigated the antiatherogenic potential of extracts of three medicinal plants: jujube, barberry, and saffron. For this, serum level of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, adiponectin and lipoprotein (a) in diabetic control and extract treated groups were measured. Statistical analysis of measurements showed that serum levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and VLDL decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all treated groups. Treatment with all extracts reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant capacity of the experimental diabetic groups. Serum adiponectin levels increased in all treated groups, whereas lipoprotein (a) levels decreased, most markedly when treated with jujube extract. Jujube, saffron, and barberry extracts are beneficial in ameliorating oxidative stress and atherogenic risk of diabetic rats. This highlights the benefits of further investigating the cardio-protective potential of medicinal plant extracts and evaluating their usefulness as cardio protective agents in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hemmati
- Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Zohoori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karamian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Somaye Asghari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Roya Nasouti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Faulk DM, Wildemann JD, Badylak SF. Decellularization and cell seeding of whole liver biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:69-80. [PMID: 25941434 PMCID: PMC4415199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease is orthotropic transplantation. However, this option is limited by the disparity between the number of patients needing transplantation and the number of available livers. This issue is becoming more severe as the population ages and as the number of new cases of end-stage liver failure increases. Patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant are required to receive immunosuppressive therapy and must live with the associated morbidity. Whole organ engineering of the liver may offer a solution to this liver donor shortfall. It has been shown that perfusion decellularization of a whole allogeneic or xenogeneic liver generates a three-dimensional ECM scaffold with intact macro and micro architecture of the native liver. A decellularized liver provides an ideal transplantable scaffold with all the necessary ultrastructure and signaling cues for cell attachment, differentiation, vascularization, and function. In this review, an overview of complementary strategies for creating functional liver grafts suitable for transplantation is provided. Early milestones have been met by combining stem and progenitor cells with increasingly complex scaffold materials and culture conditions.
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Key Words
- BAL, biohybrid artificial liver
- BMC, basement membrane complex
- CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HMECs, human microvascular endothelial cells
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- PLECM, porcine-liver-derived extracellular matrix
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEC, sinusoidal endothelial cell
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- biologic scaffold
- decellularization
- extracellular matrix
- liver tissue engineering
- organ engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver M. Faulk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justin D. Wildemann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Address for correspondence: Stephen F. Badylak, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Tel.: +412 624 5252; fax: +412 624 5256.
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Xu C, Liu Y, Gong Y, Duan X, Tang X, Zhang M, Pang D, Yu L, Wei H, Ouyang H. Overexpression of NPC1L1 in the livers of transgenic Bama miniature pigs accelerates lipid peroxidation. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sabokdast M, Habibi-Rezaei M, Poursasan N, Sabouni F, Ferdousi M, Azimzadeh-Irani E, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Insulin glycation coupled with liposomal lipid peroxidation and microglial cell death. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16420b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized jointly by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which make insulin prone to glycation then fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Najmeh Poursasan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Basic Sciences of Biotechnology
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- School of Biology
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
- Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics
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Lapmanee S, Charoenphandhu N, Aeimlapa R, Suntornsaratoon P, Wongdee K, Tiyasatkulkovit W, Kengkoom K, Chaimongkolnukul K, Seriwatanachai D, Krishnamra N. High dietary cholesterol masks type 2 diabetes-induced osteopenia and changes in bone microstructure in rats. Lipids 2014; 49:975-86. [PMID: 25200330 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often occurs concurrently with high blood cholesterol or dyslipidemia. Although T2DM has been hypothesized to impair bone microstructure, several investigations showed that, when compared to age-matched healthy individuals, T2DM patients had normal or relatively high bone mineral density (BMD). Since cholesterol and lipids profoundly affect the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, it might be cholesterol that obscured the changes in BMD and bone microstructure in T2DM. The present study, therefore, aimed to determine bone elongation, epiphyseal histology, and bone microstructure in non-obese T2DM Goto-Kakizaki rats treated with normal (GK-ND) and high cholesterol diet. We found that volumetric BMD was lower in GK-ND rats than the age-matched wild-type controls. In histomorphometric study of tibial metaphysis, T2DM evidently suppressed osteoblast function as indicated by decreases in osteoblast surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate in GK-ND rats. Meanwhile, the osteoclast surface and eroded surface were increased in GK-ND rats, thus suggesting an activation of bone resorption. T2DM also impaired bone elongation, presumably by retaining the chondrogenic precursor cells in the epiphyseal resting zone. Interestingly, several bone changes in GK rats (e.g., increased osteoclast surface) disappeared after high cholesterol treatment as compared to wild-type rats fed high cholesterol diet. In conclusion, high cholesterol diet was capable of masking the T2DM-induced osteopenia and changes in several histomorphometric parameters that indicated bone microstructural defect. Cholesterol thus explained, in part, why a decrease in BMD was not observed in T2DM, and hence delayed diagnosis of the T2DM-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Lapmanee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Faulk DM, Johnson SA, Zhang L, Badylak SF. Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Whole Organ Engineering. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:984-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denver M. Faulk
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Johnson
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Li Zhang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Studies on the antidiabetic activities of Cordyceps militaris extract in diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:160980. [PMID: 24738047 PMCID: PMC3967809 DOI: 10.1155/2014/160980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to substantial morbidity and high complications, diabetes mellitus is considered as the third “killer” in the world. A search for alternative antidiabetic drugs from herbs or fungi is highly demanded. Our present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activities of Cordyceps militaris on diet-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats were orally administered with water extract or alcohol extract at 0.05 g/kg and 2 g/kg for 3 weeks, and then, the factors levels related to blood glucose, lipid, free radicals, and even nephropathy were determined. Pathological alterations on liver and kidney were examined. Data showed that, similar to metformin, Cordyceps militaris extracts displayed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels by promoting glucose metabolism and strongly suppressed total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration in serum. Cordyceps militaris extracts exhibit antioxidative effects indicated by normalized superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. The inhibitory effects on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and protein revealed the protection of Cordyceps militaris extracts against diabetic nephropathy, which was confirmed by pathological morphology reversion. Collectively, Cordyceps militaris extract, a safe pharmaceutical agent, presents excellent antidiabetic and antinephropathic activities and thus has great potential as a new source for diabetes treatment.
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Morakinyo AO, Adekunbi DA, Dada KA, Adegoke OA. Testosterone promotes glucose intolerance, lipid disorder and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 25:13-20. [PMID: 23729563 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidirectional relationship has been established between testosterone deficiency (TD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low testosterone level has been reported to be a predisposing factor to T2DM, whereas recent clinical studies have shown a high prevalence of low testosterone in diabetic individuals. However, it is not known if any relationship exists between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and testosterone level. This study was designed to investigate the effects of TD on T1DM. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups designated as control, diabetic, orchiectomized and orchiectomized-diabetic. METHODS Diabetes was induced with an intravenous injection of alloxan, and orchiectomy was done under sterile conditions. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level, lipid and oxidative parameters were determined in all experimental rats. RESULTS The area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test showed that the orchiectomized-diabetic group expressed an enhanced ability to metabolize glucose than the diabetic group. The malondialdehyde level in the diabetic group was significantly higher compared with that in the control and orchiectomized groups. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) activity and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the diabetic group compared with control. Meanwhile, the activities of GSH and catalase were significantly reduced in the orchiectomized as well as the orchiectomized-diabetic group when compared with both control and diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that TD attenuates glucose intolerance under diabetic conditions and is equally associated with a considerable reduction in oxidative stress, which implies that testosterone may be a pro-oxidant.
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Viswanathaswamy AHM, Koti BC, Gore A, Thippeswamy AHM, Kulkarni RV. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of plectranthus amboinicus on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:139-45. [PMID: 22303055 PMCID: PMC3267296 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.91572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Normal as well as diabetic rats were divided into groups (n=6) receiving different treatments. Graded doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus were studied in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. Glibenclamide (600 μg/kg) was used as a reference drug. Oral administration with graded doses of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and significantly reduced the peak glucose levels after 120 min of glucose loading. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the daily oral treatment with ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed a significant reduction in blood glucose. Besides, administration of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus for 15 days significantly decreased serum contents of total cholesterol, triglycerides whereas HDL-cholesterol, total proteins and calcium were effectively increased. Furthermore, effect of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed profound elevation of serum amylase and reduction of serum lipase. Histology examination showed ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited almost normalization of damaged pancreatic architecture in rats with diabetes mellitus. Studies clearly demonstrated that ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves possesses hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects mediated through the restoration of the functions of pancreatic tissues and insulinotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanathaswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli-580 031, India
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Pillai SS, Sugathan JK, Indira M. Selenium downregulates RAGE and NFκB expression in diabetic rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:71-7. [PMID: 22476978 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In recent years, selenium has been shown to mediate a number of insulinlike actions in a dose-dependent fashion both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the effect of selenium as sodium selenite was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 1 μg sodium selenite/kg body weight. Selenium supplementation restored the streptozotocin-induced alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the serum glucose level, glycated hemoglobin content as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation products, and downregulated the expressions of both NFkB and RAGE. The histopathological studies also reinforce our findings. Hence, selenium has a protective role in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Pillai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
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Ravi B, Renitta RE, Prabha ML, Issac R, Naidu S. Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:101-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.710635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Taurine exerts hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, improves insulin-mediated glucose transport signaling pathway in heart and ameliorates cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 258:296-308. [PMID: 22138235 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, inflammation and altered antioxidant profiles are the usual complications in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of taurine in diabetes associated cardiac complications using a rat model. Rats were made diabetic by alloxan (ALX) (single i.p. dose of 120mg/kg body weight) and left untreated or treated with taurine (1% w/v, orally, in water) for three weeks either from the day of ALX exposure or after the onset of diabetes. Animals were euthanized after three weeks. ALX-induced diabetes decreased body weight, increased glucose level, decreased insulin content, enhanced the levels of cardiac damage markers and altered lipid profile in the plasma. Moreover, it increased oxidative stress (decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH/GSSG ratio, increased xanthine oxidase enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and ROS generation) and enhanced the proinflammatory cytokines levels, activity of myeloperoxidase and nuclear translocation of NFκB in the cardiac tissue of the experimental animals. Taurine treatment could, however, result to a decrease in the elevated blood glucose and proinflammatory cytokine levels, diabetes-evoked oxidative stress, lipid profiles and NFκB translocation. In addition, taurine increased GLUT 4 translocation to the cardiac membrane by enhanced phosphorylation of IR and IRS1 at tyrosine and Akt at serine residue in the heart. Results also suggest that taurine could protect cardiac tissue from ALX induced apoptosis via the regulation of Bcl2 family and caspase 9/3 proteins. Taken together, taurine supplementation in regular diet could play a beneficial role in regulating diabetes and its associated complications in the heart.
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Dandana A, Gammoudi I, Ferchichi S, Chahed H, Limam HB, Addad F, Miled A. Correlation of oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in tunisian coronary artery disease patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE : IJBS 2011; 7:6-13. [PMID: 23675214 PMCID: PMC3614817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is now recognized as being the cause and the consequence of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE The role that oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers may play in diabetes and related cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Tunisian coronary diabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We measured the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the plasmatic total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration by colorimetric methods, the hs-CRP by immunonephelometry assays. RESULTS TAS and GPX were significantly decreased among patients compared to the controls (1.14 ± 0.28 mmol/l vs 1.55 ± 0.35 mmol/l; 59.32 ± 10.72 U/gHb vs 149.19 ± 30.95 U/gHb). For the diabetic patients, TAS is correlated positively with hs-CRP (r=0.01, p<10(-3)). At the not diabetic subjects, TAS is correlated negatively with the hsCRP. CONCLUSION Determination of antioxidative defense markers contributes to understanding the effect of stress oxidative on the development and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dandana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Imen Gammoudi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Salima Ferchichi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Hinda Chahed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Hlima Ben Limam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Faouzi Addad
- Department of Cardiology, CHU-Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhedi Miled
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CHU-Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the salivary content of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHOD We studied 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and other 25 age- and sex-matched health control. To evaluate the oxidative status we measured the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the saliva and serum of all participants. Lipid profile was also estimated through measuring total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. Antioxidant levels were also assessed through measuring the salivary and serum concentration of uric acid, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH). RESULTS The high concentration of lipid fractions in saliva usually follows that recorded in serum. Salivary MDA levels, a product of lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased among diabetics together with uric acid. However, GSH levels were similar to those of the control group. CONCLUSION Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters assessed in saliva of diabetic patients may be of great importance in evaluating the disease activity and severity. The increase in lipid peroxidation and the tendency of antioxidants to rise in diabetes is probably due to an adaptive response to the pro-oxidant status of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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44
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Tavafi M, Ahmadvand H, Tamjidipoor A, Delfan B, Khalatbari AR. Satureja khozestanica essential oil ameliorates progression of diabetic nephropathy in uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Tissue Cell 2010; 43:45-51. [PMID: 21185580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the common cause of leading to end stage of renal disease (ESRD). Satureja khozestanica essential oil (SKEO) was used as an antioxidant and antidiabetic for the inhibition of diabetic nephropathy. Forty male rats were uninephrectomized and divided in four groups randomly; group one as control, group two diabetic untreatment, groups three and four treatment with SKEO by 250 or 500 ppm in drinking water, respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second, third and fourth groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously. After eight weeks treatment, serum malondialdehyde, serum creatinine and serum urea were measured. The kidney paraffin sections were stained by periodic acid Schiff method. Glomerular volume and glomerular number were estimated by stereological rules. Glomerular sclerosis was studied semi-quantitatively. The means were compared by SPSS 13 software and Mann-Whitney test at p<0.05. Satureja khozestanica essential oil (250 or 500 ppm) significantly inhibited the progression of glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular number loss, glomerulosclerosis, lipid peroxidation, serum urea and creatinine compared with the diabetic untreated group. The level of glomerular number, serum malondialdehyde, serum creatinine and urea in the treated groups was significantly maintained at the same level as that of the control group. In conclusion, satureja essential oil significantly can ameliorate glomerular hypertrophy, loss of glomerular number, glomerulosclerosis and attenuated serum urea and serum creatinine in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tavafi
- Department of Anatomy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Khoram Abad, Iran.
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45
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Assessment of cell viability, lipid peroxidation and quantification of DNA fragmentation after the treatment of anticancerous drug mitomycin C and curcumin in cultured human blood lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:503-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Evaluation of oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and metabolic thyroid hormone status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Siddique YH, Beg T, Afzal M. Protective effect of ascorbic acid against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:294-300. [PMID: 23105852 PMCID: PMC3453308 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the reactive oxygen species for cellular injury. It is overproduced during oxidative stress and is known to damage proteins, nucleic acids and cell membranes. The present study was aimed to study the protective effect of ascorbic acid against the toxic doses of hydrogen peroxide using lipid peroxidation and cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay. Hydrogen peroxide was studied at 50, 100 and 200μM and was found to increase a dose dependent increase in lipid peroxidation and micronuclei frequency. The treatment of 100 and 200μM of hydrogen peroxide separately along with 20, 40 and 80μM of ascorbic acid showed a dose dependent decrease in the lipid peroxidation and micronuclei frequency. The results suggest a protective effect of ascorbic acid against the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P India
| | - Tanveer Beg
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P India
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