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He C, Feng Y, Deng Y, Lin L, Cheng S. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the root effects and toxic mechanisms of rare earth elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142951. [PMID: 39067824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have attracted much attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The root system is the plant organ most directly in contact with REEs, and it is critical to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the two. This paper investigates the effects of REEs on plant enrichment and fractionation, as well as on various developmental and toxicity indices of the root system. REEs are more likely to be deposited on the root surface under the influence of root secretion. The complexation between the two affects the uptake and fractionation of REEs and the altered pattern of root secretion. The toxicity mechanisms of REEs on plant root cells were lied in: (1) REEs generate reactive oxygen species after entering the plant, leading to oxidative stress and damage to plant cells; (2) REEs with higher charge-to-volume ratios compete for organic ligands with or displace Ca2+, further disrupting the normal function of plant root cells. It was shown that the sensitivity of inter-root microorganisms to REEs varied depending on the content and physicochemical properties of REEs. The paper also concluded with a meta-analysis of phytotoxicity induced by REEs, which showed that REEs affect plant physiological parameters. REEs, as a source of oxidative stress, triggered lipid peroxidation damage in plants and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus revealing the significant toxicity of REEs to plants. The phytotoxic effects of REEs increased with time and concentration. These results help to elucidate the ecotoxicology of rare earth-induced phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yirong Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macau, Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangdong Laboratory of Soil Pollution Fate and Risk Management in Earth's Critical Zone, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China.
| | - Longyong Lin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macau, Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangdong Laboratory of Soil Pollution Fate and Risk Management in Earth's Critical Zone, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macau, Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangdong Laboratory of Soil Pollution Fate and Risk Management in Earth's Critical Zone, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
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Belisheva NK, Drogobuzhskaya SV. Rare Earth Element Content in Hair Samples of Children Living in the Vicinity of the Kola Peninsula Mining Site and Nervous System Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:626. [PMID: 39194565 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the rare earth element (REE) content in hair samples of children living in Lovozero village, near an REE mining site, and the possible effects of REEs on the prevalence of nervous system diseases in Lovozersky District (Murmansk region, Kola Peninsula). Fifty-three school-age children were recruited for the analysis of REE content in hair samples. REE (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) content was estimated by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis of REE content in the hair of children living in Russia, Kazakhstan, and China indicated REE intake from the environment. The possible contribution of REEs to nervous system disorders is supported by the link between the REE content in hair samples of children living near REE mining areas (China) and the manifestation of cognitive disorders in these children. It is also found that the prevalence of nervous system diseases in children aged 15-17 years is higher in Lovozersky District compared to the other districts of the Murmansk region. In this paper, the possible contribution of REEs to the prevalence of episodic paroxysmal disorders (G40-G47), cerebral palsy (G80-G83), and epilepsy and status epilepticus (G40-G41) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Belisheva
- Research Centre for Human Adaptation in the Arctic, Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (RCHAA KSC RAS), Akademgorodok, 41a, 184209 Apatity, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Drogobuzhskaya
- Tananaev Institute of Chemistry-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Akademgorodok, 26 a, 184209 Apatity, Russia
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3
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Lachaux N, Otero-Fariña A, Minguez L, Sohm B, Rétif J, Châtel A, Poirier L, Devin S, Pain-Devin S, Gross EM, Giamberini L. Fate, subcellular distribution and biological effects of rare earth elements in a freshwater bivalve under complex exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167302. [PMID: 37742965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are emerging contaminants due to their increased use in diverse applications including cutting-edge and green-technologies. Their environmental concerns and contradicting results concerning their biological effects require an extensive understanding of REE ecotoxicology. Thus, we have studied the fate, bioaccumulation and biological effects of three representative REE, neodymium (Nd), gadolinium (Gd) and ytterbium (Yb), individually and in mixture, using the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea. The organisms were exposed for 96 h at 1 mg L-1 REE in the absence and presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) reproducing an environmental contamination. Combined analysis of the fate, distribution and effects of REE at tissue and subcellular levels allowed a comprehensive understanding of their behaviour, which would help improving their environmental risk assessment. The bivalves accumulated significant concentrations of Nd, Gd and Yb, which were decreased in the presence of DOM likely due to the formation of REE-DOM complexes that reduced REE bioavailability. The accumulation of Nd, Gd and Yb differed between tissues, with gills > digestive gland ≥ rest of soft tissues > hemolymph. In the gills and in the digestive gland, Nd, Gd and Yb were mostly (>90 %) distributed among metal sensitive organelles, cellular debris and detoxified metal-rich granules. Gadolinium, Yb and especially Nd decreased lysosome size in the digestive gland and disturbed osmo- and iono-regulation of C. fluminea by decreasing Na concentrations in the hemolymph and Ca2+ ATPase activity in the gills. Individual and mixed Nd, Gd and Yb exhibited numerous similarities and some differences in terms of fate, accumulation and biological effects, possibly because they have common abiotic and biotic ligands but different affinities for the latter. In most cases, individual and mixed effects of Nd, Gd, Yb were similar suggesting that additivity approach is suitable for the environmental risk assessment of REE mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lachaux
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier Moselle, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Alba Otero-Fariña
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Laboratoire Mer, Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), F-49000 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Sohm
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Julie Rétif
- Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Laboratoire Mer, Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), F-49000 Angers Cedex 01, France; Nantes University, Institut des Substances et Organismes de La Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Laboratoire Mer, Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), F-49000 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Nantes University, Institut des Substances et Organismes de La Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Simon Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier Moselle, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Sandrine Pain-Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier Moselle, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Elisabeth M Gross
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier Moselle, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier Moselle, F-57000 Metz, France
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Kasatkina EA, Shumilov OI, Kirtsideli IY, Makarov DV. Hormesis and Low Toxic Effects of Three Lanthanides in Microfungi Isolated from Rare Earth Mining Waste in Northwestern Russia. TOXICS 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 38133411 PMCID: PMC10747132 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The low-dose toxicity of chloride and nitrate salts of three lanthanides (La, Ce and Nd) was tested on six microfungal species. Five of them (Geomyces vinaceus, Aspergillus niveoglaucus, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Penicillium simplicissimum and Umbelopsis isabellina) were isolated from the loparite ore tailings on the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Sydowia polyspora was a control strain. In the case of nitrate salts, the toxicity of REEs to four of six microorganisms was significantly (p < 0.5) lower compared to chloride salts. In this case, nitrates can play the role of exogenous nutrients, compensating for the toxic effect of REEs. Interestingly, U. isabellina only showed an opposite response, indicating the highest toxicity of nitrate (IC5 = 9-20 mg/L) REEs' salts compared to chlorides (IC5 = 80-195 mg/L) at low concentration levels. In addition, treatment with lanthanides showed a "hormesis effect" on fungal growth with stimulation at low doses and inhibition at high doses. However, U. isabellina and S. polyspora demonstrated the absence of hormetic response under the treatment of REEs' nitrate salt. Taking into account the specific hormetic responses and high tolerance of P. simplicissimum and U. isabellina to lanthanides, our findings may be useful in the assessment of the potential application of the selected fungi to bioremediation and REE bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Kasatkina
- Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209 Apatity, Russia; (O.I.S.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Oleg I. Shumilov
- Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209 Apatity, Russia; (O.I.S.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Irina Y. Kirtsideli
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Makarov
- Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209 Apatity, Russia; (O.I.S.); (D.V.M.)
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Zadokar A, Negi S, Kumar P, Bhargava B, Sharma R, Irfan M. Molecular insights into rare earth element (REE)-mediated phytotoxicity and its impact on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84829-84849. [PMID: 37138125 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) that include 15 lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium are a special class of elements due to their remarkable qualities such as magnetism, corrosion resistance, luminescence, and electroconductivity. Over the last few decades, the implication of REEs in agriculture has increased substantially, which was driven by rare earth element (REE)-based fertilizers to increase crop growth and yield. REEs regulate different physiological processes by modulating the cellular Ca2+ level, chlorophyll activities, and photosynthetic rate, promote the protective role of cell membranes, and increase the plant's ability to withstand various stresses and other environmental factors. However, the use of REEs in agriculture is not always beneficial because REEs regulate plant growth and development in dose-dependent manner and excessive usage of them negatively affects plants and agricultural yield. Moreover, increasing applications of REEs together with technological advancement is also a rising concern as they adversely impact all living organisms and disturb different ecosystems. Several animals, plants, microbes, and aquatic and terrestrial organisms are subject to acute and long-term ecotoxicological impacts of various REEs. This concise overview of REEs' phytotoxic effects and implications on human health offers a context for continuing to sew fabric scraps to this incomplete quilt's many layers and colors. This review deals with the applications of REEs in different fields, specifically agriculture, the molecular basis of REE-mediated phytotoxicity, and the consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Zadokar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivanti Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, -176061, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Naccarato A, Vommaro ML, Amico D, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Tagarelli A, Giglio A. Triazine Herbicide and NPK Fertilizer Exposure: Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements, Effects on Cuticle Melanization, and Immunocompetence in the Model Species Tenebrio molitor. TOXICS 2023; 11:499. [PMID: 37368599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of agrochemicals, including fertilizers and herbicides, has led to worrying metal contamination of soils and waters and raises serious questions about the effects of their transfer to different levels of the trophic web. Accumulation and biomagnification of essential (K, Na, Mg, Zn, Ca), nonessential (Sr, Hg, Rb, Ba, Se, Cd, Cr, Pb, As), and rare earth elements (REEs) were investigated in newly emerged adults of Tenebrio molitor exposed to field-admitted concentrations of a metribuzin-based herbicide and an NPK blend fertilizer. Chemical analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) supported by unsupervised pattern recognition techniques. Physiological parameters such as cuticle melanization, cellular (circulating hemocytes), and humoral (phenoloxidase enzyme activity) immune responses and mass loss were tested as exposure markers in both sexes. The results showed that NPK fertilizer application is the main cause of REE accumulation in beetles over time, besides toxic elements (Sr, Hg, Cr, Rb, Ba, Ni, Al, V, U) also present in the herbicide-treated beetles. The biomagnification of Cu and Zn suggested a high potential for food web transfer in agroecosystems. Gender differences in element concentrations suggested that males and females differ in element uptake and excretion. Differences in phenotypic traits show that exposure affects metabolic pathways involving sequestration and detoxification during the transition phase from immature-to-mature beetles, triggering a redistribution of resources between sexual maturation and immune responses. Our findings highlight the importance of setting limits for metals and REEs in herbicides and fertilizers to avoid adverse effects on species that provide ecosystem services and contribute to soil health in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria,87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Amico
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria,87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Dang DH, Wang W, Winkler G, Chatzis A. Rare earth element uptake mechanisms in plankton in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160394. [PMID: 36427738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global shift toward green energy alternatives escalates demands for new resources, including rare earth elements (REEs), as per their implications in various green innovations. However, our understanding of their environmental cycle, especially the interactions with aquatic organisms, remains deficient, ultimately hindering environmental protection efforts. Here, we investigate the accumulation of REEs and 18 other elements in bulk and sorted plankton collected with different net mesh sizes (30, 63, 200, 333, 500 μm) in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence in the summer and winter of 2020. We observed significant correlations between the concentrations of REEs and elements of different charge numbers and ionic radii (Ba, Co, Cs, Fe, Mn, Pb, Rb and V), indicating non-selective uptake of REEs into plankton. All these elements have their highest concentrations in the fluvial corridor and upper estuary, with more significant enrichment in phytoplankton ([La] = 26.4 ± 4.8 mg kg-1) than zooplankton ([La] = 11.6 ± 8.3 mg kg-1). Their concentrations decrease to the minimum in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, especially in zooplankton ([La] = 4.8 × 10-2 ± 3.2 × 10-2 mg kg-1). We also assessed REE patterns to identify differential REE fractionation processes and anomalies. The freshwater plankton exhibits enrichment of middle REEs (MREEs) relative to the light and heavy REEs (LREEs and HREEs), potentially because of the higher binding affinity of MREEs on cellular surface transporters and metal loading effects. In estuarine and marine settings, the REE patterns in biological samples align with suspended particles, exhibiting a linear trend with LREE enrichment. This process is more noticeable in sorted macrozooplankton, which have significant Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* up to 2), indicating differential incorporation of REEs into the chitin shells. This study highlights the significant enrichment of REEs into freshwater primary producers and the accumulation pathway similar to other inorganic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Huy Dang
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Gesche Winkler
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Anique Chatzis
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
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Shu J, Chen W, Wang Z, Jiang D, Xiao Y, Li Z. Two-phase effects of environmentally relevant lanthanum on life-history traits of Daphnia magna and transgenerational bioenergetic profiles: Implications for nutritional and environmental consequences. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106380. [PMID: 36592562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The versatile applicability of rare earth elements (REEs) especially lanthanum (La) in diverse fields, has led to large-scale mineral exploitation globally, inevitably resulting in substantial release of La into environment. As emerging anthropogenic environmental contaminant, La-induced toxicological effects and potential ecotoxicological implications in relation to realistic levels of La in aquatic ecosystems are becoming major concerns. To address these issues, Daphnia magna was selected as a prototype, and toxicity tests were conducted to explore the effects of La exposure on life-history characteristics and fecundity fitness, as showcased by quantitative variations from the individual level to population scale. In parallel, to further denote transgenerational caloric impacts of parental La exposure, bioenergetic profiles on newborn neonates were concurrently determined by measuring macromolecule forms in terms of proteins, glycogens and lipids to quantify nutritional alterations at progeny level. The results revealed that low-dose La exposure slightly stimulated the demographic potential and nutritional responses, exhibiting dose-dependent hormesis-like effects and promising non-toxicological potential to Daphnia, whereas high-dose La exposure of greater than 59.2 µg La L - 1, conspicuously imposed detrimental effects on quantity and quality of offspring, i.e. not only reducing body size, lifespan expectancy and reproductive output in a concentration-dependent way and resulting in lower population fitness by a dynamic life-table analysis, but eventually leading to the decrease of nutritional qualities and caloric contents on neonates. Taken together, these two-phase findings regarding the dose-related shift from hormesis to inhibition not only provided valuable insights into the complicated biological outcomes of La effects on environmentally-relevant organisms, but experimentally highlighted the significant implications of considering environmental and nutritional consequences in ecologically assessing the La-triggered risk at environmentally realistic occurrences, particularly on gradient scenarios crossing upstream and downstream of highly complex mining watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China; School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China; School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zaosheng Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China; School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
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9
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Egler SG, Roldão TM, Santos GO, Heidelmann GP, Giese EC, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Acute toxicity of single and combined rare earth element exposures towards Daphnia similis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114538. [PMID: 36652740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in emerging technologies, medicine and agriculture has led to chronic aquatic compartment contamination. In this context, this aimed to evaluate the acute toxic effects of lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm), as both single and binary and ternary mixtures on the survival of the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. A metal solution medium with (MS) and without EDTA and cyanocobalamin (MSq) as chelators was employed as the assay dilution water to assess REE bioavailability effects. In the single exposure experiments, toxicity in the MS medium decreased following the order La > Sm > Nd, while the opposite was noted for the MSq medium, which was also more toxic than the MS medium. The highest MS toxicity was observed for the binary Nd + La (1:1) mixture (EC50 48 h of 11.57 ± 1.22 mg.L-1) and the lowest, in the ternary Sm + La + Nd (2:2:1) mixture (EC50 48 h 41.48 ± 1.40 mg.L-1). The highest toxicity in the MSq medium was observed in the single assays and in the binary Sm + Nd (1:1) mixture (EC50 48 h 10.60 ± 1.57 mg.L-1), and the lowest, in the ternary Sm + La + Nd (1:2:2) mixture (EC50 48 h 36.76 ± 1.54 mg.L-1). Concerning the MS medium, 75 % of interactions were additive, 19 % antagonistic, and 6 % synergistic. In the MSq medium, 56 % of interactions were synergistic and 44 % additive. The higher toxicity observed in the MSq medium indicates that the absence of chelators can increase the concentrations of more toxic free ions, suggesting that the MS medium should be avoided in REE assays. Additive interactions were observed in greater or equivalent amounts in both media and were independent of elemental mixture ratios. These findings improve the understanding of environmental REE effects, contributing to the establishment of future guidelines and ecological risk calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gonçalves Egler
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tamine Martins Roldão
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele Petronilho Heidelmann
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristine Giese
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Verissimo Correia
- UNIRIO, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Korotkov SM, Sobol KV, Novozhilov AV, Nesterov VP. Effect of Eu3+ on Calcium-Dependent Processes in Vertebrate Myocardium. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022070067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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11
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Figueiredo C, Grilo TF, Oliveira R, Ferreira IJ, Gil F, Lopes C, Brito P, Ré P, Caetano M, Diniz M, Raimundo J. Single and combined ecotoxicological effects of ocean warming, acidification and lanthanum exposure on the surf clam (Spisula solida). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134850. [PMID: 35551939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) is one of the most abundant emergent rare earth elements. Its release into the environment is enhanced by its use in various industrial applications. In the aquatic environment, emerging contaminants are one of the stressors with the ability to compromise the fitness of its inhabitants. Warming and acidification can also affect their resilience and are another consequence of the growing human footprint on the planet. However, from information gathered in the literature, a study on the effects of ocean warming, acidification, and their interaction with La was never carried out. To diminish this gap of knowledge, we explored the effects, combined and as single stressors, of ocean warming, acidification, and La (15 μg L-1) accumulation and elimination on the surf clam (Spisula solida). Specimens were exposed for 7 days and depurated for an additional 7-day period. Furthermore, a robust set of membrane-associated, protein, and antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic biomarkers (LPO, HSP, Ub, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, TAC) were quantified. Lanthanum was bioaccumulated after just one day of exposure, in both control and climate change scenarios. A 7-day depuration phase was insufficient to achieve control values and in a warming scenario, La elimination was more efficient. Biochemical response was triggered, as highlighted by enhanced SOD, CAT, GST, and TAC levels, however as lipoperoxidation was observed it was insufficient to detoxify La and avoid damage. The HSP was largely inhibited in La treatments combined with warming and acidification. Concomitantly, lipoperoxidation was highest in clams exposed to La, warming, and acidification combined. The results highlight the toxic effects of La on this bivalve species and its enhanced potential in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Inês João Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gil
- Aquário Vasco da Gama, Rua Direita Do Dafundo, 1495-718, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ré
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry / Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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12
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Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Guo G, Zhang K, Fan Y, Feng C, Li H. Water quality criteria for lanthanum for freshwater aquatic organisms derived via species sensitivity distributions and interspecies correlation estimation models. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:897-908. [PMID: 35610399 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exploitation and application of rare earth elements (REEs) may induce hazardous risks to freshwater aquatic organisms. Due to the lack of water quality criteria (WQC) and sufficient reliable toxicity data, little information is available on the ecological risk of REEs in surface water. In this study, lanthanum (La) toxicity data were collected from published toxicological studies, and the data quality was assessed using a toxicological data reliability assessment tool. To obtain more toxicity data, Daphnia magna, Cyprinus carpio, and Dania rerio embryos were selected as surrogate species, and an interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model was used to predict the toxicity of La for untested species. The species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of La toxicity and WQC were investigated. Differences were observed in the hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5), but no statistically significant differences were noted in the SSD curves between the measured acute toxicity data and the predicted data. For the SSDs constructed from the measured toxicity data, the ICE-predicted toxicity data and all acute data supplemented with the ICE-predicted data, the acute WQC values of La were 88, 1022 and 256 μg/L, respectively. According to the SSD and corresponding HC5 of chronic toxicity data, the chronic WQC was 14 μg/L. The results provide a scientific reference for establishing WQC for freshwater aquatic organisms and ecological risk assessments of REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kaibo Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yili Fan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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13
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Zhi Y, Paterson AR, Call DF, Jones JL, Hesterberg D, Duckworth OW, Poitras EP, Knappe DRU. Mechanisms of orthophosphate removal from water by lanthanum carbonate and other lanthanum-containing materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153153. [PMID: 35041946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removing phosphorus (P) from water and wastewater is essential for preventing eutrophication and protecting environmental quality. Lanthanum [La(III)]-containing materials can effectively and selectively remove orthophosphate (PO4) from aqueous systems, but there remains a need to better understand the underlying mechanism of PO4 removal. Our objectives were to 1) identify the mechanism of PO4 removal by La-containing materials and 2) evaluate the ability of a new material, La2(CO3)3(s), to remove PO4 from different aqueous matrices, including municipal wastewater. We determined the dominant mechanism of PO4 removal by comparing geochemical simulations with equilibrium data from batch experiments and analyzing reaction products by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Geochemical simulations of aqueous systems containing PO4 and La-containing materials predicted that PO4 removal occurs via precipitation of poorly soluble LaPO4(s). Results from batch experiments agreed with those obtained from geochemical simulations, and mineralogical characterization of the reaction products were consistent with PO4 removal occurring primarily by precipitation of LaPO4(s). Between pH 1.5 and 12.9, La2(CO3)3(s) selectively removed PO4 over other anions from different aqueous matrices, including treated wastewater. However, the rate of PO4 removal decreased with increasing solution pH. In comparison to other solids, such as La(OH)3(s), La2(CO3)3(s) exhibits a relatively low solubility, particularly under slightly acidic conditions. Consequently, release of La3+ into the environment can be minimized when La2(CO3)3(s) is deployed for PO4 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Alisa R Paterson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eric P Poitras
- Analytical Sciences Department, Research Triangle Institute, 27709 Durham, NC, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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14
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Figueiredo C, Grilo TF, Lopes C, Brito P, Caetano M, Raimundo J. Lanthanum and Gadolinium availability in aquatic mediums: New insights to ecotoxicology and environmental studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126957. [PMID: 35227975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies dealing with Rare Earth Elements (REE) ecotoxicological behavior are scattered and with potential conflicting results. Climate change impacts on aquatic biota and is known to modify contaminants toxicokinetic. Nevertheless, the current knowledge on the potential interactions between climate change and REE is virtually non-existent. Therefore, we focus our research on La and Gd as representatives of Light and Heavy REE that also are of great environmental concern. Experiments on different mediums (fresh-, brackish- and seawater) were designed to run at present-day and near-future conditions (T°=+4 °C, pH=△-0.4). Sampling was taken at different time scales from minutes to hours for one day. The main challenge was to evaluate the availability of La and Gd under environmental conditions closely related to climate changes scenarios. Furthermore, this study will contribute to the baseline knowledge by which future research towards understanding REE patterns and toxicity will build upon. Lanthanum and Gd behave differently with salinity. Temperature also affects the availability of dissolved La in freshwater. On the other hand, pH reduction causes the decrease of Gd in freshwater. In this medium, concentrations reduce sharply, presumably due to sorption processes or precipitates. In the brackish water experiment only the dissolved La levels in the Warming (T°=+4 °C) and Warming & Acidification (T°=+4 °C, pH=△0.4) diminished significantly through time. Dissolved La and Gd levels in seawater were relatively constant with time. The speciation of both elements is also of great relevance for ecotoxicological experiments. The trivalent free ions (La3+ and Gd3+) were the most common species in the trials. However, as ionic strength increases, the availability of other complexes rose, which should be subject of great attention for upcoming ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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15
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Corrosion Behavior in Magnesium-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072613. [PMID: 35407944 PMCID: PMC9000648 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys exhibit superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, which makes them an excellent candidate for artificial implants. However, these materials also suffer from lower corrosion resistance, which limits their clinical applicability. The corrosion mechanism of Mg alloys is complicated since the spontaneous occurrence is determined by means of loss of aspects, e.g., the basic feature of materials and various corrosive environments. As such, this study provides a review of the general degradation/precipitation process multifactorial corrosion behavior and proposes a reasonable method for modeling and preventing corrosion in metals. In addition, the composition design, the structural treatment, and the surface processing technique are involved as potential methods to control the degradation rate and improve the biological properties of Mg alloys. This systematic representation of corrosive mechanisms and the comprehensive discussion of various technologies for applications could lead to improved designs for Mg-based biomedical devices in the future.
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16
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Huang Z, Gao N, Zhang S, Xing J, Hou J. Investigating the toxically homogenous effects of three lanthanides on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109251. [PMID: 34861418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of rare earth elements (REEs) have been increasingly reported in the past decades and have raised concern about their environmental toxicities. However, the available data is insufficient to elucidate the toxic effects, mechanisms, and whether the toxicity across all REEs is uniform. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 and 25.6 mg/L Ln(NO3)3•6H2O to test the acute toxicity of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III). LC50 of the three lanthanides was compared to the extent of the impact on gene expression. We carried out the functionally grouped network-based transcriptome analysis using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to explore the molecular mechanisms. The acute toxicity test showed that LC50 of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III) were 2.53, 2.03, and 2.76 mg/L, respectively. Consistent with acute toxicity, Ce(III) caused a little more DEGs than La(III) and Nd(III). Some biological processes such as metabolism of xenobiotics, oocyte meiosis, steroid biosynthesis, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway were affected following exposure of all the three lanthanides. Ce(III) also induced changes in the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. The results indicated that the lethality is comparable, and the toxic patterns are similar across the three lanthanides. This study gives comparative research on the toxicities of three lanthanides to model organism zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianing Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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17
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Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, in Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of rare earth elements, REE, has significantly increased over the past years, in parallel with the latest advances in nanotechnologies and representing a new group of emerging contaminants. They find application in construction, transport, agriculture, electronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Their extraordinary intrinsic characteristics are fundamental for overcoming current technological challenges. The accumulation of REE is consistent in near-shore waters being affected by runoff, wastewater discharge, and proximity to built-up areas. Bioavailability in water, sediments, and accumulation in marine biota as well their endocrine disruptor effect is mostly unknown. There is a significant gap of knowledge on the ecotoxicological behaviour of REE in marine areas. The existing investigations have been performed inside well-mixed estuarine systems, due to complex hydrodynamics and multiple sediment transport situations. This hampers the definition of regulatory thresholds for REE concentrations and emissions. The review summarizes the existing information on REE geochemistry and physicochemical conditions influencing dissolution, surface complexation reactions, and distribution at the continent–ocean interface, as well as their speciation, bioavailability, and detrimental effects on living organisms. Strategies for reducing REE usage and inputs are also discussed.
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18
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Ahmed S, Zhang Y, Wu B, Zheng Z, Leung CF, Choy TY, Kwok YT, Lo IMC. Scaled-up development of magnetically recyclable Fe 3O 4/La(OH) 3 composite for river water phosphate removal: From bench-scale to pilot-scale study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148281. [PMID: 34119786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic lanthanum-based materials for phosphate removal from river water has gained increasing attention. However, challenges to produce and use lanthanum-based materials in large-scale or pilot-scale studies remain. In this work, a kilogram-scale Fe3O4/La(OH)3 magnetically recyclable composite for removing phosphate from river water was developed through a low-temperature precipitation route. The composite was used to remove phosphate from river water at both bench- and pilot-scales. Based on the bench-scale tests, the developed Fe3O4/La(OH)3 composite was found to have excellent magnetic particle separation efficiency (>98%) and a sorption capacity of 11.77 mg/g for phosphate. A 1.0 g/L dosage of the composite in the river water sample was able to selectively reduce the phosphate level from 0.089 to 0.005 mg/L in 60 min over five consecutive adsorption cycles. At the pilot-scale, the Fe3O4/La(OH)3 composite only achieved 36.0% phosphate removal efficiency, which is considerably different from the bench-scale results over an operational time of five months and a total treatment volume of 300 m3. This significantly reduced removal efficiency is mainly attributable to turbidity, suspended solids, and organic matter in the river water and the deteriorated magnetic separation efficiency. This study revealed potential challenges and shed new insights on moving magnetic nanocomposite-based technology from the bench-scale to the pilot-scale, which can inspire new designs for the application of similar technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baile Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zexiao Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chui-Fan Leung
- Water Supplies Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tak-Yip Choy
- Water Supplies Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yau-Ting Kwok
- Water Supplies Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Romero-Freire A, González V, Groenenberg JE, Qiu H, Auffan M, Cotelle S, Giamberini L. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of lanthanides for Vicia faba L. are mediated by their chemical speciation in different exposure media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148223. [PMID: 34111781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the toxicity of lanthanides (LN) in relation to the media composition will enhance the prediction of their potential adverse effects for living organisms. Here we examined the effect of different media on the V. faba root elongation and on the cytotoxic (mitotic index) and the genotoxic (micronucleated cell number) effects from toxicity tests with Ce, Gd and Lu (100, 800 and 6400 μg L-1). Three different exposure media were selected: the standard Hoagland media (SH); an alternative SH, without phosphates (SH-P); and distilled water (DW). In the SH no cyto-genotoxic effects were observed and even, for low LN content, potential root elongation stimulation was reported. The absence of toxic effects was explained by a drastic decrease of the total dissolved LN concentration due to the presence of phosphates causing LN precipitation. In SH-P, LN remained largely soluble and inhibition of root elongation was observed mainly for the highest treatments. While in the tests done in DW, toxic effects were obtained for all treatments. Our results showed that in absence of phosphorous, LN appear mainly as free form and complexed in carbonates and sulphates, and can cause toxic effects, whereas toxicity is not expected when phosphorous is available in aquatic media. The highest LN root contents were observed for the tests using distilled water, possibly due to the absence of competition by Ca2+ for uptake. The present work demonstrated that media composition has a great impact in assessing the ecotoxicology of lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romero-Freire
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Department of Soil Science, University of Granada, Avd. Fuente Nueva, 18002, Granada, Spain.
| | - V González
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2, 08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J E Groenenberg
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Soil Chemistry group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Auffan
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - S Cotelle
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - L Giamberini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
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20
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Han G, Tan Z, Jing H, Ning J, Li Z, Gao S, Li G. Comet Assay Evaluation of Lanthanum Nitrate DNA Damage in C57-ras Transgenic Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3728-3736. [PMID: 33403576 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the wide application of rare-earth elements (REEs) in the last decades, lanthanum has increasingly entered the environment and has gradually accumulated in the human body through the food chain. Lanthanum is worth paying attention in terms of food safety. Although the genotoxicity of lanthanum has been studied in vitro, data on its DNA damage in vivo rodent are limited, moreover, which have also presented some controversy. This study aimed to conduct an in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay, and as a companion test to the lanthanum nitrate carcinogenicity test. We conducted an oral gavage experiment for 180 days (26 weeks) to test for the persistence of DNA damage of long-term low-dose accumulation of lanthanum nitrate (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight), in F1 hybrid C57-ras transgenic mice (CB6F1) by using alkaline comet assay in the blood and liver. The comet assay revealed that all the tested concentrations of lanthanum nitrate did not induce DNA damage in any of the tissues investigated, whereas DNA damage was induced in the positive control group. These results could indicate that lanthanum nitrate can accumulate in tissues and organs of the mice after exposure, and does not possess DNA damage in C57-ras transgenic mice after repeated treatments at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg·BW for 26 weeks; also, it did not cause pathological changes in the liver of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Han
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhuangsheng Tan
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Haiming Jing
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junyu Ning
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zinan Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China.
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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21
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Hanana H, Kowalczyk J, André C, Gagné F. Insights on the toxicity of selected rare earth elements in rainbow trout hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109097. [PMID: 34090975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) for technology applications raised concerns for contamination and toxicity in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of the following REEs in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes: yttrium (Y), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) and lutetium (Lu). Hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of the above elements for 24 h at 15 °C and they were analyzed for viability, metallothioneins (MT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The results revealed that the cytoxicity of REEs were as follows in decreasing order: Y > Sm > Lu > Tb > Gd in concordance with published rainbow trout mortality data. While effects on GST and COX activities were marginal, MT levels were more strongly increased with the 2 most toxic REEs (Y and Sm) and Gd, while MT levels were decreased in the least toxic ones (Tb, Lu). While cell viability followed published trout mortality data, it also followed the redox potential and the glutathione affinity constant (log k). The capacity to induce/decrease MT levels was associated with ionic radius, log k (glutathione) and electronegativity. A proposed mechanism of toxicity for REEs is presented based on the chemical properties of REEs, namely the glutathione binding constant and ionic radius, in light of the observed effects in trout hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hanana
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - J Kowalczyk
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - C André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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22
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Zhi Y, Call DF, Grieger KD, Duckworth OW, Jones JL, Knappe DRU. Influence of natural organic matter and pH on phosphate removal by and filterable lanthanum release from lanthanum-modified bentonite. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117399. [PMID: 34333297 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) has been applied to eutrophic lakes to reduce phosphorus (P) concentrations in the water column and mitigate P release from sediments. Previous experiments suggest that natural organic matter (NOM) can interfere with phosphate (PO4)-binding to LMB and exacerbate lanthanum (La)-release from bentonite. This evidence served as motivation for this study to systematically determine the effects of NOM, solution pH, and bentonite as a La carrier on P removal. We conducted both geochemical modeling and controlled-laboratory batch kinetic experiments to understand the pH-dependent impacts of humic and fulvic acids on PO4-binding to LMB and La release from LMB. The role of bentonite was studied by comparing PO4 removal obtained by LMB and La3+ (added as LaCl3 salt to represent the La-containing component of LMB). Our results from both geochemical modeling and batch experiments indicate that the PO4-binding ability of LMB is decreased in the presence of NOM, and the decrease is more pronounced at pH 8.5 than at 6. At the highest evaluated NOM concentration (28 mg C L-1), PO4-removal by La3+ was substantially lower than that by LMB, implying that bentonite clay in LMB shielded La from interactions with NOM, while still allowing PO4 capture by La. Finally, the presence of NOM promoted La-release from LMB, and the amount of La released depended on solution pH and both the type (i.e., fulvic/humic acid ratio) and concentration of NOM. Overall, these results provide an important basis for management of P in lakes and eutrophication control that relies on LMB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Khara D Grieger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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23
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Dong C, Jiao C, Xie C, Liu Y, Luo W, Fan S, Ma Y, He X, Lin A, Zhang Z. Effects of ceria nanoparticles and CeCl 3 on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of corn (Zea mays) plants grown in soil. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100311. [PMID: 35559968 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of toxic ions from metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) may play an important role in biological effects of NPs. In this life cycle study, physiological and biochemical responses of soil-grown corn (Zea mays) plants exposed to ceria NPs and its ionic counterparts Ce3+ ions at 0, 25, 75 and 225 mg Ce/kg were investigated. Both treatments tended to reduce the fresh weight and height of the plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS), and delay silk appearance and finally decrease fruit weight at harvest. Uptake and distribution of some mineral nutrients, Ca, P, Fe, B, Zn and Mn in the plants were disturbed. None of the treatments significantly affected activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA contents in the roots and leaves at 28 DAS. At 90 DAS, ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturbed the homeostasis of antioxidative systems in the plants, Ce3+ ions at all concentrations provoked significant oxidative damage in the roots and significantly increased MDA levels as compare to the control. The results indicate that the effects of ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants varied with different growth stages and ceria NPs had similar but less severe impacts than Ce3+ ions. Speciation analysis revealed there was mutual transformation between CeO2 and Ce3+ in the soil-plant system. It is speculated that Ce3+ ions play a key role in toxicity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a life cycle study on comparative toxicity of CeO2 NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shixian Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Gong B, He E, Xia B, Ying R, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu Y, Qiu H. Bioavailability and phytotoxicity of rare earth metals to Triticum aestivum under various exposure scenarios. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111346. [PMID: 32977285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a daunting challenge to predict toxicity and accumulation of rare earth metals (REMs) in different exposure scenarios (e.g., varying water chemistry and metal combinations). Herein, we investigated the toxicity and uptake of La and Ce in the presence of various levels of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and at different pH values, as well as the combined effects of La and Ce in wheat Triticum aestivum. Major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) significantly mitigated the toxicity and accumulation of La3+/Ce3+. Toxicity and uptake of La, Ce, and La-Ce mixtures could be well quantified by the multi-metal biotic ligand model (BLM) and by the Langmuir-type uptake model with the consideration of the competitive effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+, with more than 85.1% of variations explained. The derived binding constants of Ca, Mg, La, and Ce to wheat root were respectively 3.87, 3.59, 6.97, and 6.48 on the basis of toxicity data, and 3.23, 2.84, 6.07, and 5.27 on the basis of uptake data. The use of the alternative WHAM-Ftox approach, requiring fewer model parameters than the BLM but with similar Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, successfully predicted the toxicity and accumulation of La/Ce as well as toxicity of La-Ce mixtures, with at least 76.4% of variations explained. However, caution should be taken when using this approach to explain the uptake of La-Ce mixtures. Our results provided promising tools for delineating REMs toxicity/uptake in the presence of other toxicity-modifying factors or in mixture scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Bing Xia
- Anhui Academy of Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Rongrong Ying
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Zhi Y, Zhang C, Hjorth R, Baun A, Duckworth OW, Call DF, Knappe DRU, Jones JL, Grieger K. Emerging lanthanum (III)-containing materials for phosphate removal from water: A review towards future developments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106115. [PMID: 32949878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a rise in the development of lanthanum (III)-containing materials (LM) for controlling phosphate in the aquatic environment. >70 papers have been published on this topic in the peer-reviewed literature, but mechanisms of phosphate removal by LM as well as potential environmental impacts of LM remain unclear. In this review, we summarize peer-reviewed scientific articles on the development and use of 80 different types of LM in terms of prospective benefits, potential ecological impacts, and research needs. We find that the main benefits of LM for phosphate removal are their ability to strongly bind phosphate under diverse environmental conditions (e.g., over a wide pH range, in the presence of diverse aqueous constituents). The maximum phosphate uptake capacity of LM correlates primarily with the La content of LM, whereas reaction kinetics are influenced by LM formulation and ambient environmental conditions (e.g., pH, presence of co-existing ions, ligands, organic matter). Increased La solubilization can occur under some environmental conditions, including at moderately acidic pH values (i.e., < 4.5-5.6), highly saline conditions, and in the presence of organic matter. At the same time, dissolved La will likely undergo hydrolysis, bind to organic matter, and combine with phosphate to precipitate rhabdophane (LaPO4·H2O), all of which reduce the bioavailability of La in aquatic environments. Overall, LM use presents a low risk of adverse effects in water with pH > 7 and moderate-to-high bicarbonate alkalinity, although caution should be applied when considering LM use in aquatic systems with acidic pH values and low bicarbonate alkalinity. Moving forward, we recommend additional research dedicated to understanding La release from LM under diverse environmental conditions as well as long-term exposures on ecological organisms, particularly primary producers and benthic organisms. Further, site-specific monitoring could be useful for evaluating potential impacts of LM on both biotic and abiotic systems post-application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Chuhui Zhang
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rune Hjorth
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Khara Grieger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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26
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Responses of Anammox Granular Sludge to Long-Term Rare Earth Element Feeding: Lanthanum as a Case. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A tremendous input of ammonium and rare earth elements (REEs) has entered the surroundings on account of the discharge and leak of leaching agents during rare earth in-suit leaching mining, which has threatened various organisms. Anammox has the potential to release nitrogen contamination, but the potential impacts of REEs on anammox bacteria remain unclear. In this study, La (III) was chosen as a case to explore the long-term impacts on anammox granular sludge. The 5 mg L−1 La (III) which was examined hardly affected the anammox granulates because of the defense of extracellular polymeric substances. The high La concentrations (10–50 mg L−1) caused intercellular accumulation and the significant inhibition of nitrogen removal performance and dehydrogenase activity, especially a decrease in the relative abundance of Ca. Kuenenia. Moreover, it also induced patently oxidative damage and affected cell membrane integrity. Notably, extracellular polymeric substances have a limited defense capability; neither La3+ nor Ca2+/Mg2+ efflux-related genes aggravated the intracellular accumulation of La.
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27
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Malhotra N, Hsu HS, Liang ST, Roldan MJM, Lee JS, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1663. [PMID: 32947815 PMCID: PMC7552131 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) or "technology metals" were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth's crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth's crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs' toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs' diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic "toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
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28
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Bergsten-Torralba LR, Magalhães DP, Giese EC, Nascimento CRS, Pinho JVA, Buss DF. Toxicity of three rare earth elements, and their combinations to algae, microcrustaceans, and fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110795. [PMID: 32544742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are naturally distributed in the environment, and are increasingly being used in agriculture and high technology materials worldwide, thereby increasing anthropogenic contamination and environmental risks. There exists scarce and contradictory toxicity information about REEs; hence, more studies are required, especially on their mixtures. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxicities of La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, and the combinations of these elements (binary 1:1 and ternary 1:1:1), to organisms from different trophic levels: producers (the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata), primary consumers (the microcrustaceans Daphnia similis and Artemia salina), and decomposers (the fungi Penicillium simplicissimum and Aspergillus japonicus). Ecotoxicological bioassays were performed, and toxic concentrations were determined. Thereafter, toxicities of single and mixture REEs were classified as slightly to highly toxic according to their toxic units. Finally, a concentration addition (CA) model was used to estimate how REEs interact upon combining. Nd3+ was the most toxic element for all organisms, especially D. similis (48 h LC50 9.41 mg.L-1), and was therefore classified as highly toxic. Sm3+ promoted cell agglomeration in Chlorella vulgaris and was the most toxic of the tested elements for this organism (72 h IC50 25.78 mg.L-1). The CA model revealed synergistic responses for most of the combinations, principally Nd3+ + Sm3+, which was the most toxic combination for the tested organisms. Both fungi were the most resistant organisms, and A. japonicus produced exudate and sclerotia, which help in the detoxification of chemicals. Owing not only to the fact that fungi displayed a higher resistance to REEs, but also due to the absence of regulations for REEs released from the agricultural or industrial sector, and the lack of methods to treat effluents or to dispose of technological items containing REEs, these organisms should be considered as a model for the biosorption or bioremediation of REEs. Finally, the toxic effects of REEs, particularly Nd3+, on the biota and human health should be the focus of future studies due to their increased use in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bergsten-Torralba
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Program in Biodiversity and Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D P Magalhães
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E C Giese
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R S Nascimento
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health - INCQS, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J V A Pinho
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca - ENSP, Program of Public Health and Environment, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D F Buss
- Pan American Health Organization: PAHO, Washington, D.C., USA
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29
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Chandran L, Am B. Apatite matrix substituted with biologically essential rare earth elements as an artificial hard tissue substitute: Systematic physicochemical and biological evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:821-828. [PMID: 33463034 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) forms the main inorganic component of natural bone and hence has been widely use in implant applications. Ionic substitutions in apatite also gains enormous interest during the recent years due to the crucial role played by these elements in the biological process. In this context, the least investigated elements namely lanthanum (La3+ ) and praseodymium (Pr3+ ) have been selected as a potential substitutions in apatite. The results from the analytical techniques confirm the phase purity of the HAP and its ability holds the substitutions at its lattice. Morphological analysis unveils the presence of agglomerated spheroids notwithstanding the ion concentration of substituents. EDX spectra affirm the presence of La and Pr alongside the determined Ca/P atomic ratio of 1.67. La3+ and Pr3+ presence envisaged the good antibacterial efficiency against the tested microbes and further demonstrated the biocompatibility nature from the cytotoxicity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likha Chandran
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ballamurugan Am
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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van Oosterhout F, Waajen G, Yasseri S, Manzi Marinho M, Pessoa Noyma N, Mucci M, Douglas G, Lürling M. Lanthanum in Water, Sediment, Macrophytes and chironomid larvae following application of Lanthanum modified bentonite to lake Rauwbraken (The Netherlands). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135188. [PMID: 31855642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum Modified Bentonite (LMB; Phoslock®) is used to mitigate eutrophication by binding phosphate released from sediments. This study investigated the fate of lanthanum (La) from LMB in water, sediment, macrophytes, and chironomid larvae in Lake Rauwbraken (The Netherlands). Before the LMB application, water column filterable La (FLa) was 0.02 µg L-1, total La (TLa) was 0.22 µg L-1. In sediment the total La ranged 0.03-1.86 g m-2. The day after the application the maximum FLa concentration in the water column was 44 µg L-1, TLa was 528 µg L-1, exceeding the Dutch Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of 10.1 µg L-1 by three to fourfold. TLa declined below the MPC after 15 days, FLa after 75 days. After ten years, FLa was 0.4 µg L-1 and TLa was 0.7 µg L-1. Over the post-application years, FLa and TLa showed statistically significant downward trends. While the LMB settled homogeneously on sediment, after 3 years it redistributed to 0.2-5.4 g La m-2 within shallow zones, and 30.7 g m-2 to 40.0 g La m-2 in deeper zones. In the upper 20 cm of sediment, La concentrations were 7-6702 mg kg -1 dry weight (DW) compared to 0.5-7.0 mg kg-1 before application. Pre-application anaerobic sediment release of FLa was 0.006 mg m-2 day-1. Three months after the application it was 1.02 mg m-2 day-1. Three years later it was 0.063 mg m-2 day-1. Before application La in plants was 0.8-5.1 mg La kg-1 DW, post-application values were up to 2925 mg La kg-1 DW. In chironomid larvae, La increased from 1.7 µg g-1 DW before application to 1421 µg g-1 DW after one month, 3 years later it was 277 µg g-1 DW. Filtration experiments indicate FLa is not truly dissolved free La3+ cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Guido Waajen
- Water Authority Brabantse Delta, P.O. Box 5520, 4801 DZ Breda, the Netherlands.
| | - Said Yasseri
- Limnological Solutions International, 28215 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maíra Mucci
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Grant Douglas
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Xiao X, Yong L, Liu D, Yang H, Liang C, Jia X, Liu Z, Song Y. Effects of in utero exposure to lanthanum on neurological behavior in rat offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 77:106854. [PMID: 31891752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of rare-earth elements in various fields has raised concern from public heath perspective regarding their accumulation in human body. Long-term exposure to lanthanum, one of the frequently used rare-earth elements in biomedicine and agriculture, has been previously shown to exert neurotoxicity during development in rats; however, the effects of short-term exposure to lanthanum during gestation on neurobehavioral development in rat offspring is still not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of intrauterine exposure to lanthanum on neurobehavioral development in rat offspring. Dams were orally exposed to 0, 2, 20, & 60 mg/kg BW of lanthanum nitrate from gestation day 7 to day 16. Morris water maze test, hindlimb strength test, nociceptive perception test, and grip strength test were conducted during postnatal day 61 to 66 in rat offspring. Blood lanthanum concentration and plasma neurotransmitters were measured after sacrifice. The results showed that intrauterine exposure to lanthanum nitrate significantly impaired memory and spatial learning in Morris water maze test. Lanthanum treatment dose-dependently increased blood lanthanum concentration in dams and pups. Lanthanum treatment significantly decreased hindlimb and grip strength and increased delay time in nociceptive response. Plasma neurotransmitter results showed that lanthanum treatment significantly decreased the level of acetylcholine and serotonin while increased the level of glutamate in rat offspring. These results suggest that short-term in utero exposure to lanthanum has potential adverse effects on neurodevelopment in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Ling Yong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Beijing Mentougou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Chunlai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing, 100022, China.
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Yon M, Billotey C, Marty JD. Gadolinium-based contrast agents: From gadolinium complexes to colloidal systems. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Dubé M, Auclair J, Hanana H, Turcotte P, Gagnon C, Gagné F. Gene expression changes and toxicity of selected rare earth elements in rainbow trout juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:88-95. [PMID: 31154023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in electronics industry and other areas of our economy and questions were raised about their impacts to the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the lethal and sublethal toxicity of REEs in juvenile rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout. The fish were exposed to increasing concentrations (0.064, 0.32, 1.6, 8 and 40 mg/L) of the following 7 REEs for 96 h at 15 °C: cerium (CeCl3), erbium (ErCl3), gadolinium (GdCl3), lanthanum (LaCl3), neodymium (NdCl3), samarium (SmCl3) and yttrium (YCl3). The mortality were determined and in the surviving fish, 10 target gene transcripts were measured in the liver to track changes in oxidative stress, DNA repair, tissue growth/proliferation, protein chaperoning, xenobiotic biotransformation and ammonia metabolism. The data revealed that Y, Sm, Er and Gd formed a distinct group based on toxicity (mortality) and gene expression changes. Electronegativity was significantly correlated (r = -0.8, p < 0.01) with the lethal concentration (LC50). Gene expression changes occurred at concentration circa 120 times lower than the LC50 and the following transcripts in protein chaperoning (heat shock proteins), DNA repair (growth arrest DNA Damage) and CYP1A1 gene expression involved in the metabolism of coplanar aromatic hydrocarbons were involved. In conclusion, the study revealed that the more electronegative REEs were the most toxic to trout juveniles and produced sublethal effects at concentrations 2 orders of magnitude lower than the lethal concentrations. The toxicity of REEs depends on the elements were toxicity involves specific pathways at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dubé
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada
| | - J Auclair
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada
| | - H Hanana
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada
| | - P Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal H2Y 2E7, Québec, Canada.
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Lu C, Ma Y, Wang J. Lanthanum elicitation on hypocrellin A production in mycelium cultures of Shiraia bambusicola is mediated by ROS generation. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gong B, He E, Qiu H, Li J, Ji J, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu Y, Zhao L, Cao X. The cation competition and electrostatic theory are equally valid in quantifying the toxicity of trivalent rare earth ions (Y 3+ and Ce 3+) to Triticum aestivum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:456-463. [PMID: 31026692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of appropriate models to delineate the toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs) while taking into account the factors that affect bioavailability. Here, standardized wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root elongation tests were conducted to examine the impact of exposure conditions (i.e., varying Ca, Mg, Na, K and pH levels) on Y and Ce toxicity. Cation competition and electrostatic theory were examined for their applicability in explaining the observed variations in toxicity. Only Ca2+ and Mg2+ significantly alleviated the toxicity of Y3+ and Ce3+, while Na+, K+ and H+ showed no significant effects. Based on the cation competition, the derived binding constants for the hypothetical biotic ligands of wheat logKCaBL, logKMgBL, logKYBL, and logKCeBL were 3.87, 3.59, 6.70, and 6.48, respectively. The biotic ligand model (BLM) succeeded in predicting toxicities of Y and Ce, with more than 93% of the variance in toxicity explained. Given the BLM requires large data sets for deriving model parameters, attempts were further made to explore a simpler electrostatic based model to quantify REEs toxicity. The results demonstrated that the predictive capacity of the electrostatic approach, which considers ion activities at the plasma membrane surface, was comparable to that of BLM with at least 87% of the variations in toxicity explained. This suggested that the electrostatic theory can serve as a surrogate to BLM in modeling Y and Ce toxicities. Therefore, we recommend the BLM and electrostatic-based model as effective approaches to incorporate bioavailability in quantifying REEs toxicity in the presence of various levels of other major cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jianqiu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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D'Haese PC, Douglas G, Verhulst A, Neven E, Behets GJ, Vervaet BA, Finsterle K, Lürling M, Spears B. Human health risk associated with the management of phosphorus in freshwaters using lanthanum and aluminium. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:286-299. [PMID: 30590295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of geo-engineering materials to manage phosphorus in lakes has increased in recent years with aluminium and lanthanum based materials being most commonly applied. Hence the potential impact of the use of these compounds on human health is receiving growing interest. This review seeks to understand, evaluate and compare potential unintended consequences on human health and ecotoxicological risks associated with the use of lanthanum- and aluminium-based materials to modify chemical and ecological conditions in water bodies. In addition to their therapeutic use for the reduction of intestinal phosphate absorption in patients with impaired renal function, the phosphate binding capacity of aluminium and lanthanum also led to the development of materials used for water treatment. Although lanthanum and aluminium share physicochemical similarities and have many common applications, their uptake and kinetics within the human body and living organisms importantly differ from each other which is reflected in a different toxicity profile. Whilst a causal role in the development of neurological pathologies, skeletal lesions, hematopoietic disorders and respiratory effects has unequivocally been demonstrated with increased exposure to aluminium, studies until now have failed to find such a clear association after exposure to lanthanum although caution is warranted. Our review indicates that lanthanum and aluminium have a distinctly different profile with respect to their potential effects on human health. Regular monitoring of both aluminium and lanthanum concentrations in lanthanum-/aluminium-treated water by the responsible authorities is recommended to avoid acute accidental or chronic low level accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Finsterle
- Abteilung Limnologie, Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870 Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
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Ben–Arfa BA, Neto S, Miranda Salvado IM, Pullar RC, Ferreira JM. Robocasting of Cu 2+ & La 3+ doped sol-gel glass scaffolds with greatly enhanced mechanical properties: Compressive strength up to 14 MPa. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:265-272. [PMID: 30690209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This research details the successful fabrication of scaffolds by robocasting from high silica sol-gel glass doped with Cu2+ or La3+. The parent HSSGG composition within the system SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 [67% Si - 24% Ca - 5% Na - 4% P (mol%)] was doped with 5 wt% Cu2+ or La3+ (Cu5 and La5). The paper sheds light on the importance of copper and lanthanum in improving the mechanical properties of the 3-D printed scaffolds. 1 h wet milling was sufficient to obtain a bioglass powder ready to be used in the preparation of a 40 vol% solid loading paste suitable for printing. Moreover, Cu addition showed a small reduction in the mean particle size, while La exhibited a greater reduction, compared with the parent glass. Scaffolds with macroporosity between 300 and 500 µm were successfully printed by robocasting, and then sintered at 800 °C. A small improvement in the compressive strength (7-18%) over the parent glass accompanied the addition of La. However, a much greater improvement in the compressive strength was observed with Cu addition, up to 221% greater than the parent glass, with compressive strength values of up to ∼14 MPa. This enhancement in compressive strength, around the upper limit registered for human cancellous bones, supports the potential use of this material in biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D porous bioactive glass scaffolds with greatly improved compressive strength were fabricated by robocasting from a high silica sol-gel glasses doped with Cu2+ or La3+. In comparison to the parent glass, the mechanical performance of scaffolds was greatly improved by copper-doping (>220%), while a modest increase of ∼9% was registered for lanthanum-doping. Doping ions (particularly La3+) acted as glass modifiers leading to less extents of silica polymerisation. This favoured the milling of the glass powders and the obtaining of smaller mean particle sizes. Pastes with a high solid loading (40 vol%) and with suitable rheological properties for robocasting were prepared from all glass powders. Scaffolds with dimensions of 3 × 3 × 4 mm and macro-pore sizes between 300 and 500 µm were fabricated.
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Kanellis VG, Dos Remedios CG. A review of heavy metal cation binding to deoxyribonucleic acids for the creation of chemical sensors. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1401-1414. [PMID: 30229467 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various human activities lead to the pollution of ground, drinking, and wastewater with toxic metals. It is well known that metal ions preferentially bind to DNA phosphate backbones or DNA nucleobases, or both. Foreman et al. (Environ Toxicol Chem 30(8):1810-1818, 2011) reported the use of a DNA-dye based assay suitable for use as a toxicity test for potable environmental water. They compared the results of this test with the responses of live-organism bioassays. The DNA-based demonstrated that the loss of SYBR Green I fluorescence dye bound to calf thymus DNA was proportional to the toxicity of the water sample. However, this report raised questions about the mechanism that formed the basis of this quasi-quantitatively test. In this review, we identify the unique and preferred DNA-binding sites of individual metals. We show how highly sensitive and selective DNA-based sensors can be designed that contain multiple binding sites for 21 heavy metal cations that bind to DNA and change its structure, consistent with the release of the DNA-bound dye.
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Figueiredo C, Grilo TF, Lopes C, Brito P, Diniz M, Caetano M, Rosa R, Raimundo J. Accumulation, elimination and neuro-oxidative damage under lanthanum exposure in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:414-423. [PMID: 29758498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) comprise elements from lanthanum to lutetium that together with yttrium and scandium are emergent contaminants of critical importance for numerous groundbreaking environmental technologies. Transfer to aquatic ecosystems is expected to increase, however, little information is known about their potential impacts in marine biota. Considering the endangered conservation status of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and the vulnerability of early fish life stages to contaminants, we exposed glass eels, through water, to an environmentally relevant concentration (120 ng.L-1) of lanthanum (La) for 7 days (plus 7 days of depuration). The aim was to study the accumulation and elimination of La in eel's body and subsequent quantification of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymatic machinery. Accumulation peaked after 72 h-exposure to La, decreasing afterwards, even in continuous exposure. Accumulation was higher in the viscera, followed by the skinless body and ultimately in the head, possibly as a protective mechanism to cope with La neurotoxicity. A significant increase in AChE activity was observed in La-exposed glass eels, suggesting that La3+ may inhibit the binding of acetylcholine. A depression in lipid peroxidation was registered under La exposure, possibly indicating that La3+ may play physiological activities and functions as a free radical scavenger. Catalase activity was significantly inhibited in La-exposed glass eels after 72 h, indicating that the availability of La may induce physiological impairment. The quantification of Glutathione S-Transferase activity revealed no differences between control and La-exposed organisms. Further investigation is needed towards understanding the biological effects of REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal; IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Li J, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM. Lanthanum toxicity to five different species of soil invertebrates in relation to availability in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:412-420. [PMID: 29154116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the toxicity of lanthanum, one of the most commonly used rare earth elements (REEs), to five representative soil invertebrates after 3-4 weeks exposure. Toxicity was related to total, 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable and porewater concentrations in the standard LUFA 2.2 soil, and for earthworms also to body concentrations. La sorption to LUFA 2.2 soil, estimated by relating total soil concentrations to CaCl2-extractable or porewater concentrations seemed to reach saturation at >1000 mg La/kg dry soil. Isopod (Porcellio scaber) growth was the most sensitive endpoint, followed by earthworm (Eisenia andrei), enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus), springtail (Folsomia candida) and oribatid mite (Oppia nitens) reproduction, with EC50s of 312 (95% confidence interval: 5.6-619), 529 (295-762), 1010 ((>377 < 3133), 1220 (1180-1250) and 1500 (1250-1750) mg La/kg dry soil, respectively. EC50s related to CaCl2-extractable concentrations ranged between 1.3 (0.046-2.6) and 15.6 (5.6-25.7) mg La/kg dry soil, while porewater-based EC50s were 3.5 (-) and 10.2 (-) mg/L for the springtails and mites, respectively. La uptake in the earthworms linearly increased with increasing exposure concentration with bioaccumulation factors ranging between 0.04 and 0.53 (average ± SE: 0.24 ± 0.032). EC50 for effects on earthworm reproduction related to internal concentrations was 184 (61-301) mg La/kg dry body weight. A risk assessment based on the available toxicity for soil invertebrates, bacteria and plants resulted in an HC5 of approx. 50 mg La/kg dry soil, suggesting that La may affect soil ecosystems at concentrations slightly above natural background levels (6.6-50 mg La/kg dry soil) in non-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Qingshan District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014030, China; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Joonas E, Aruoja V, Olli K, Syvertsen-Wiig G, Vija H, Kahru A. Potency of (doped) rare earth oxide particles and their constituent metals to inhibit algal growth and induce direct toxic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:478-486. [PMID: 28359999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of rare earth elements (REEs) has increased rapidly in recent decades due to technological advances. It has been accompanied by recurring rare earth element anomalies in water bodies. In this work we (i) studied the effects of eight novel doped and one non-doped rare earth oxide (REO) particles (aimed to be used in solid oxide fuel cells and gas separation membranes) on algae, (ii) quantified the individual adverse effects of the elements that constitute the (doped) REO particles and (iii) attempted to find a discernible pattern to relate REO particle physicochemical characteristics to algal growth inhibitory properties. Green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (formerly Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were used as a test species in two different formats: a standard OECD201 algal growth inhibition assay and the algal viability assay (a 'spot test') that avoids nutrient removal effects. In the 24h 'spot' test that demonstrated direct toxicity, algae were not viable at REE concentrations above 1mgmetal/L. 72-hour algal growth inhibition EC50 values for four REE salts (Ce, Gd, La, Pr) were between 1.2 and 1.4mg/L, whereas the EC50 for REO particles ranged from 1 to 98mg/L. The growth inhibition of REEs was presumably the result of nutrient sequestration from the algal growth medium. The adverse effects of REO particles were at least in part due to the entrapment of algae within particle agglomerates. Adverse effects due to the dissolution of constituent elements from (doped) REO particles and the size or specific surface area of particles were excluded, except for La2NiO4. However, the structure of the particles and/or the varying effects of oxide composition might have played a role in the observed effects. As the production rates of these REO particles are negligible compared to other forms of REEs, there is presumably no acute risk for aquatic unicellular algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Joonas
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Villem Aruoja
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Kalle Olli
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Huo W, Zhu Y, Li Z, Pang Y, Wang B, Li Z. A pilot study on the association between rare earth elements in maternal hair and the risk of neural tube defects in north China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:89-93. [PMID: 28411498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have many applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine, resulting in occupational and environmental exposure and concerns regarding REE-associated health effects. However, few epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effects of REEs on pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the REE concentrations in maternal hair growing during early pregnancy and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. We included 191 women with NTD-affected pregnancies (cases) and 261 women delivering healthy infants (controls). The cases were divided into three subtypes: anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. Four REEs in maternal hair were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd). A questionnaire was used to collect information about maternal sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits. The median concentrations of Ce and Pr in the NTD group were higher than those in the control group, whereas there were no significant differences for La and Nd. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the four REE concentrations above the median in the case groups were not significantly > 1. An increasing frequency of the consumption of beans or bean products and fresh fruit was negatively correlated with the four REE concentrations. Our results did not suggest that the concentrations of REEs in maternal hair were associated with the risk of NTDs or any subtype of NTDs in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Huo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Zhang L, Yang J, Jin C, Wu S, Lu X, Hu X, Sun Y, Cai Y. The effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/antioxidant response element signalling pathway in the lanthanum chloride-induced impairment of learning and memory in rats. J Neurochem 2017; 140:463-475. [PMID: 27861875 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum exerts adverse effects on the central nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying these adverse effects has not been clarified. It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in neurological injuries induced by harmful factors. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is very important in the response to oxidative stress in tissues and cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 ) on the spatial learning and memory of rats and to determine whether the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway acts in the hippocampus. Four groups of Wistar rats were exposed to 0 mM, 9 mM, 18 mM or 36 mM LaCl3 through their drinking water from the day of birth to 2 months after weaning. The results showed that LaCl3 impaired the spatial learning and memory of the rats, damaged the neuronal ultrastructure, increased reactive oxygen species levels and significantly down-regulated Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, including NADP(H): dehydrogenase quinone 1, haeme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione-S-transferase, γ-glutamine cysteine synthase and glutathione reductase, in the hippocampus. This study suggests that LaCl3 can impair the spatial learning and memory of rats, possibly by perturbing the Nrf2/antioxidant response element signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaling Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhang L, Yang J, Wu S, Jin C, Lu X, Hu X, Sun Y, Gao X, Cai Y. Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway attenuates lanthanum chloride induced injuries in primary rat astrocytes. Metallomics 2017; 9:1120-1131. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) exposure can lead to learning and memory disorder in animals; however, the underlying mechanism of La induced neurotoxicity is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Sun
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110122
- People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Wang J, Peng C, Ding Y, He X, Zhang P, Li N, Lan T, Wang D, Zhang Z, Sun F, Liao H, Zhang Z. Toxicity of cerium and thorium on Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:226-232. [PMID: 27639197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce) and thorium (Th) are always thought to be chemically similar and have comparable toxic properties on living organisms. In the present study, the acute and chronic toxicity of these two elements to freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were investigated in the modified reconstituted water (6mg/L KCl, 123mg/L MgSO4·7H2O, and 294mg/L CaCl2·2H2O in Milli-Q water, pH 7.8). It seemed that Ce and Th had comparable acute toxicity on Daphnia: 24/48h EC50 for Th and Ce were 7.3/4.7μM and 16.4/10.7μM, respectively. However, Ce was present as soluble ions while all of Th was present as particulate ThO2 in the exposure medium. Considering their different chemical forms and bioavailability, the toxic mechanisms of Ce3+ and ThO2 on Daphnia would be totally different. To our knowledge, this is the first time to investigate the aquatic toxicity of thorium and cerium based on their actual chemical speciation in the exposure medium. The results also suggest that more attention should be paid on the detrimental effect of Th in the form of particulate ThO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingkun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Metallurgical Design Institute Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, 210007, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of public health, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yayun Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- School of public health, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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46
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Yang H, Zhang X, Liu H, Cui W, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yu Z, Jia X. Lanthanum nitrate genotoxicity evaluation: Ames test, mouse micronucleus assay, and chromosome aberration test. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 810:1-5. [PMID: 27776686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of rare-earth elements (REE) and their compounds has led to their accumulation in the environment and has raised concern about their safety. The toxic effects of REE such as lanthanum are largely unknown; genotoxicity studies have been limited and results are controversial. We evaluated the genotoxicity of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3) in several in vitro and in vivo tests, including bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, and chromosome aberration assay. La(NO3)3 was not mutagenic in the Ames test. La(NO3)3 did not increase the frequencies of bone marrow micronuclei or chromosome aberration in the mouse after repeated treatments at oral doses up to 735 (females) and 855mg/kg (males). The compound did not increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in CHO cells in vitro. These results indicate that lanthanum is not a genotoxic hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Zhou A, Zhou Q, Huang X. Alterations in cytosol free calcium in horseradish roots simultaneously exposed to lanthanum(III) and acid rain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 126:62-70. [PMID: 26720810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of rare earth elements (REEs) has increased their environmental levels. REE pollution concomitant with acid rain in many agricultural regions can affect crop growth. Cytosol free calcium ions (Ca(2+)) play an important role in almost all cellular activities. However, no data have been reported regarding the role of cytosol free Ca(2+) in plant roots simultaneously exposed to REE and acid rain. In this study, the effects of exposures to lanthanum(III) and acid rain, independently and in combination, on cytosol free Ca(2+) levels, root activity, metal contents, biomass, cytosol pH and La contents in horseradish roots were investigated. The simultaneous exposures to La(III) and acid rain increased or decreased the cytosol free Ca(2+) levels, depending on the concentration of La(III), and these effects were more evident than independent exposure to La(III) or acid rain. In combined exposures, cytosol free Ca(2+) played an important role in the regulation of root activity, metal contents and biomass. These roles were closely related to La(III) dose, acid rain strength and treatment mode (independent exposure or simultaneous exposure). A low concentration of La(III) (20 mg L(-1)) could alleviate the adverse effects on the roots caused by acid rain, and the combined exposures at higher concentrations of La(III) and acid rain had synergic effects on the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Herrmann H, Nolde J, Berger S, Heise S. Aquatic ecotoxicity of lanthanum - A review and an attempt to derive water and sediment quality criteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:213-238. [PMID: 26528910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) used to be taken as tracers of geological origin for fluvial transport. Nowadays their increased applications in innovative environmental-friendly technology (e.g. in catalysts, superconductors, lasers, batteries) and medical applications (e.g. MRI contrast agent) lead to man-made, elevated levels in the environment. So far, no regulatory thresholds for REE concentrations and emissions to the environment have been set because information on risks from REE is scarce. However, evidence gathers that REE have to be acknowledged as new, emerging contaminants with manifold ways of entry into the environment, e.g. through waste water from hospitals or through industrial effluents. This paper reviews existing information on bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of lanthanum in the aquatic environment. Lanthanum is of specific interest as one of the major lanthanides in industrial effluents. This review focuses on the freshwater and the marine environment, and tackles the water column and sediments. From these data, methods to derive quality criteria for sediment and water are discussed and preliminary suggestions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Herrmann
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Nolde
- GRACE Europe Holding GmbH, In der Hollerhecke 1, 67547 Worms, Germany
| | - Svend Berger
- GRACE Europe Holding GmbH, In der Hollerhecke 1, 67547 Worms, Germany
| | - Susanne Heise
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
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Liu H, Yang J, Liu Q, Jin C, Wu S, Lu X, Zheng L, Xi Q, Cai Y. Lanthanum chloride impairs spatial memory through ERK/MSK1 signaling pathway of hippocampus in rats. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2479-91. [PMID: 25316495 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are used in many fields for their diverse physical and chemical properties. Surveys have shown that REEs can impair learning and memory in children and cause neurobehavioral defects in animals. However, the mechanism underlying these impairments has not yet been completely elucidated. Lanthanum (La) is often selected to study the effects of REEs. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial memory impairments induced by lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and the probable underlying mechanism. Wistar rats were exposed to LaCl3 in drinking water at 0 % (control, 0 mM), 0.25 % (18 mM), 0.50 % (36 mM), and 1.00 % (72 mM) from birth to 2 months after weaning. LaCl3 considerably impaired the spatial learning and memory of rats in the Morris water maze test, damaged the synaptic ultrastructure and downregulated the expression of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-MSK1, p-CREB, c-FOS and BDNF in the hippocampus. These results indicate that LaCl3 exposure impairs the spatial learning and memory of rats, which may be attributed to disruption of the synaptic ultrastructure and inhibition of the ERK/MSK1 signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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50
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Gonzalez V, Vignati DAL, Leyval C, Giamberini L. Environmental fate and ecotoxicity of lanthanides: are they a uniform group beyond chemistry? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 71:148-157. [PMID: 25036616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides are a chemically uniform group of metals (La-Lu) that, together with yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), form the group of rare earth elements (REEs). Because of their many applications (e.g., agriculture, medicine, motor industry), their global production has increased exponentially in the last decades and their biogeochemical cycles are being disrupted by human uses (e.g., gadolinium anomalies in freshwater and tap water, REEs enrichment of soils as a consequence of agricultural practices). However, ecotoxicological effects and mechanism of action of these elements are still poorly understood. In particular, there is no consensus as to lanthanides showing a coherent and predictable pattern of (eco)toxicity in the same way as their atomic properties. For aquatic organisms, contradictory conclusions on this issue can be found in the bibliography. This review shows that the variable composition of culture media used in ecotoxicology, and the associated differences in lanthanide's speciation, are the most likely cause for such discrepancies. In particular, the formation of insoluble species in some highly complexing media likely leads to changes in the soluble concentration of lanthanide during some tests; with the potential for a generalized underestimation of their toxicity at the present state of knowledge. For terrestrial organisms, suitable studies to establish trends in lanthanides' toxicity are practically nonexistent; with most research focusing on the effects of REE mixtures. Molecular level studies to elucidate the mechanisms of action of lanthanides are essentially limited to La, pointing to the need for further research to identify common mechanisms of action or modes of action across lanthanides. Overall, agreement on the correct procedures to follow to obtain reliable and comparable data for individual lanthanide is the first action to take in order to arrive at a reliable risk assessment for this group of elements in both aquatic and terrestrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gonzalez
- LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBISE, 8 rue du général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Davide A L Vignati
- LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBISE, 8 rue du général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Corinne Leyval
- LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laure Giamberini
- LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBISE, 8 rue du général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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