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Thanaraj S, Mitthun ANK, Geetha Sravanthy P, Carmelin DS, Surya M, Saravanan M. Green Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Using Clerodendrum phlomidis and Their Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. Cureus 2024; 16:e52279. [PMID: 38357054 PMCID: PMC10864816 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clerodendrum phlomidis plays a significant role in many indigenous medical systems, and it can be mostly found in Southeast Asia. The objective of the study was to synthesize and characterize the biosynthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO-NPs) using C. phlomidis and analyze their antibacterial (bactericidal), antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS The extract was prepared by the autoclave-assisted method, and the AlO-NPs were synthesized by the green synthesis method. The biosynthesized AlO-NPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The antibacterial property was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer well diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity was checked by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity compared with the control L-ascorbic acid. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by an albumin denaturation assay, and diclofenac was used as a control. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: An absorption peak at a wavelength of 380 nm was detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. It proves that AlO-NPs have been successfully produced by the green synthesis method. The results of the FT-IR study demonstrated the existence of numerous chemicals and functional groups in the 500-3500 cm-1 range. AlO-NPs from the plant extract were subjected to FE-SEM analysis, which revealed an aggregated or spherically cluster-like structure. The sample's elemental makeup, which revealed that it included 38% aluminum and 28% oxygen, was identified with the help of the EDX, and this verified the high purity of the AlO-NPs. The results of the antibacterial activity of AlO-NPs revealed that there was a zone of inhibition for Enterococcus faecalis; however, there was no zone of inhibition for Streptococcus mutans. The synthesized AlO-NPs exhibit strong antioxidative (DPPH activity) and anti-inflammatory (albumin denaturation assay) action. In this work, the in vitro antioxidant activity of C. phlomidis was assessed using the standard, L-ascorbic acid, as a measure of DPPH activity. At a maximum concentration of 500 µg/ml, the obtained results showed the incredible antioxidant properties of the investigated AlO-NPs synthesized from the plant extracts and demonstrated 90% inhibition. AlO-NPs that were biosynthesized showed effective anti-inflammatory activity at a higher concentration of 100 µg/ml and demonstrated 89% inhibition in contrast to the drug diclofenac sodium. CONCLUSION According to the study's findings, AlO-NPs made using a greener synthesis approach have the potential to be used in a variety of industries and are also an affordable and sustainable way to effectively act as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srigopika Thanaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - A N K Mitthun
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - P Geetha Sravanthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Durai Singh Carmelin
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Muthuvel Surya
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Ahmad R, Rosandy AR, Sahidin I, Ab Ghani NS, Noor NM, Baharum SN. Bioassay Analysis and Molecular Docking Study Revealed the Potential Medicinal Activities of Active Compounds Polygonumins B, C and D from Polygonum minus ( Persicaria minor). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 36616187 PMCID: PMC9823858 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polygonumins B, C and D, derivative compounds of polygonumins A, were isolated from the stem of Polygonum minus. Based on NMR results, the structure of polygonumins derivatives is comprised of four phenylpropanoid units and a sucrose unit, with a similar structure to polygonumins A. However, the structural differences between polygonumins B (1), C (2) and D (3) can be distinguished based on the existence of methoxy, ethanoyl and hydroxyl groups and protons which bind to C-4, C-4′ and C-3″. Interestingly, these bioactive compounds showed various medicinal properties based on our investigation on antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-HIV-1 protease activities. The IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS (antioxidant activities) was in the following descending order: polygonumins B > polygonumins C > polygonumins A > polygonumins D. In addition, almost similar pattern of antioxidant activity was observed for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity based on its IC50 value in descending order: polygonumins B > polygonumins C > polygonumins D > polygonumins A. On the other hand, polygonumins C and D showed inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity more than the positive control, pepstatin A. Finally, molecular docking studies on AChE and BChE proteins were carried out in order to gain insight into the mode of interactions between these compounds and the active residues for both enzymes. These remarkable findings indicate that these compounds have potential to be developed as targeted drugs for Alzheimer’s disease or as anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Ahmad
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Andi Rifki Rosandy
- University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Idin Sahidin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syatila Ab Ghani
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S. Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1807. [PMID: 36551235 PMCID: PMC9775335 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, the occurrence in the plant kingdom, the chemophenetic value and the biological activities associated with two specific phenyl-ethanoid glycosides, i.e., leucosceptoside A and leucosceptoside B, were reported. This is the first work ever conducted on such a subject. Analysis of the literature data clearly led to three important conclusions: leucosceptoside A is much more common in plants than leucosceptoside B; leucosceptoside A exerts more biological activities than leucosceptoside B even if nothing can be generally concluded about which one is actually the most potent; neither of these compounds can be used as a chemophenetic marker. These three aspects and more are discussed in more depth in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- NMR Lab, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Foddai
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Fu X, Chen J, Xie R, Zhou L, Wei Y, Yuan C, Huang L, Hu Z, Hao X, Gu W. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on Paraboea rufescens (Gesneriaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reis ACC, Silva BM, de Moura HMM, Pereira GR, Brandão GC. Anti-Zika virus activity and chemical characterization by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-DAD-UV-MS) of ethanol extracts in Tecoma species. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32767975 PMCID: PMC7412813 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant species from the genus Tecoma are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some of them are grown as ornamental plants and others can be used as medicinal plants. In the present study, ethanolic extracts from trunks and leaves of Tecoma species were tested in vitro using assays against the Zika virus. Methods There was a total of 8 extracts obtained from different anatomical parts of three Tecoma species. The Tecoma castaneifolia, T. garrocha, T. stans var. angustata and T. stans var. stans were prepared by percolation with ethanol. The antiviral activity was assayed in vitro against the Zika virus by the MTT colorimetric method (n = 3). The UPLC-DAD-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed from all the studied species. The biofractionation of T. stans var. stans trunk extract using different separation techniques led to the isolation of crenatoside compound. Results Ethanolic extract from Tecoma species leaves were more active against the Zika virus (EC50 149.90 to 61.25 μg/mL) when compared to the trunk extracts tested (EC50 131.0 to 66.79 μg/mL and two were not active). The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from T. stans var. stans trunk were active against the Zika virus with EC50 values of 149.90 and 78.98 μg/mL, respectively. Crenatoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the ethyl acetate of T. stans var. stans trunk extract. This compound was tested and exhibited EC50 34.78 μM (21.64 μg/mL), thus demonstrating a better result than the original ethanolic extracts as well as others extracts of Tecoma species, and it was more active than the positive control, ribavirin (386.84 μM). Furthermore, its selectivity index was at least 2.5 times higher than the tested ethanolic extracts and 11.1 times more potent than ribavirin. Conclusion The Tecoma species demonstrated interesting in vitro activity against the Zika virus. The crenatoside, phenylethanoid glycoside that was for the first time isolated from Tecoma stans var. stans, exhibited a potent and relevant anti-Zika virus activity, being more active than ribavirin (positive control). The data show that crenatoside, was a promising compound with in vitro antiviral activity against the Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cotta Cardoso Reis
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Breno Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélia Maria Marques de Moura
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Pereira
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences and IT (ICEI), Catholic Pontifical University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Xu HT, Zhang CG, He YQ, Shi SS, Wang YL, Chou GX. Phenylethanoid glycosides from the Schnabelia nepetifolia (Benth.) P.D.Cantino promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:111-121. [PMID: 31125861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the n-BuOH fraction of Schnabelia nepetifolia (Benth.) P.D.Cantino led to the isolation and identification of 12 undescribed phenylethanoid glycosides (nepetifosides A-L) and one undescribed phenylmethanoid glycoside (nepetifoside M), together with 23 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional nuclear-magnetic-resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy and chemical-hydrolysis methods. Nepetifoside F exhibited strong activity that significantly increased osteoblast proliferation at three concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM. Moreover, nepetifoside C and nepetifoside D exhibited moderate activities in promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts at medium and high concentrations of 1 μM and 10 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Song-Shan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070604. [PMID: 31277257 PMCID: PMC6669655 DOI: 10.3390/v11070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbs Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum have been commonly used for centuries in indigenous and folk medicine in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, we show that extracts from these herbs have antiviral effects against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells and A549 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of Plantago asiatica or Clerodendrum trichotomum extract significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and also blocked syncytia formation. Interestingly, oral inoculation with each herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Based on reported information and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the phenolic glycoside acteoside was identified as an active chemical component of both herb extracts. An effective dose of acteoside exhibited similar antiviral effects as each herb extract against RSV in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that extracts of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum could provide a potent natural source of an antiviral drug candidate against RSV infection.
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Hu HJ, Zhou Y, Han ZZ, Shi YH, Zhang SS, Wang ZT, Yang L. Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Clerodendrum trichotomum and Their Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1508-1516. [PMID: 29924604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new abietane diterpenoids (1-12) and 31 known analogues (13-43) were isolated from a medicinal Chinese herb, Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunberg. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were established on the basis of ECD and X-ray crystallography data, whereas that of 4 was elucidated by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Eight diterpenoids, 15,16-dehydroteuvincenone G (1), trichotomin A (4), 2α-hydrocaryopincaolide F (7), villosin C (20), 15-dehydro-17-hydroxycyrtophyllone A (22), demethylcryptojaponol (38), 6β-hydroxydemethylcryptojaponol (39), and trichotomone (43), exerted inhibitory effects against NO production with IC50 values of 5.6-16.1 μM. The structure-activity relationships of the isolated diterpenoids are also estimated.
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Ahmad R, Sahidin I, Taher M, Low C, Noor NM, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Chuchawankul S, Sarachana T, Tencomnao T, Iskandar F, Rajab NF, Baharum SN. Polygonumins A, a newly isolated compound from the stem of Polygonum minus Huds with potential medicinal activities. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523802 PMCID: PMC5845017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonumins A, a new compound, was isolated from the stem of Polygonum minus. Based on NMR results, the compound’s structure is identical to that of vanicoside A, comprising four phenylpropanoid ester units and a sucrose unit. The structure differences were located at C-3″″′. The cytotoxic activity of polygonumins A was evaluated on several cancer cell lines by a cell viability assay using tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The compound showed the highest antiproliferative (p < 0.05) activities against K562 (Human Leukaemia Cell Line), MCF7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), and HCT116 (Colorectal cancer cells) cells. Cytotoxic studies against V79–4 cells were carried out and showed that polygonumins A was toxic at 50 µg/ml, suggesting that this compound may be used as an anticancer drug without affecting normal cells. Polygonumins A also showed promising activity as an HIV-1 protease inhibitor with 56% relative inhibition. Molecular docking results indicated that the compound possesses high binding affinity towards the HIV protease over the low binding free energy range of -10.5 to -11.3 kcal/mol. P. minus is used in Malaysian traditional medicine for the treatment of tumour cells. This is the first report on the use of P. minus as an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Ahmad
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Sahidin
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, 93232, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - ChenFei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewarit Sarachana
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Faizah Iskandar
- Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation Management (CRIM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation Management (CRIM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Jameel M, Ali A, Ali M. Extraction and isolation of new compounds from traditional herbal medicine; Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Subba B, Srivastav C, Kandel RC. Scientific validation of medicinal plants used by Yakkha community of Chanuwa VDC, Dhankuta, Nepal. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:155. [PMID: 27026852 PMCID: PMC4766171 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ethnobotanical knowledge is important among tribal people, but much of the information is empirical due to the lack of scientific validation. The purpose of this study was to document the medicinal plants used by an ethnic group (Yakkha) at Chanuwa VDC of Dhankuta district in Nepal and to validate scientifically in the use of plants based on results of phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant property analyses and available literature reports. Data were collected through interviews of the Yakkha people with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field walk method. A total of 30 different medicinal plants were recorded along with their vernacular names (for few plants) used by the Yakkha community’s people. Literature review reveals that most of the plant species described herein have also been used in other countries, too. Among 30 plants selected for this study methanol extract of five ethno-medicinal plants viz., Dendrocnide sinuata, Solanum anguivi, Pogostemon cablin, Boehmeria platyphylla and Clerodendrum trichotomum and ethanol extract of C. trichotomum were subjected for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial activities were measured using the paper disc diffusion method. The antioxidant properties of plants were measured by DPPH and FRAP reduction assay. Among all extracts, ethanol extract of C. trichotomum and methanol extract of B. platyphylla displayed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Subba
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chitranjan Srivastav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ram Chandra Kandel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Chingwaru W, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo PT. The Potential of Sub-Saharan African Plants in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: A Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1452-87. [PMID: 26337608 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Southern Africa. Phytomedicines are an integral part of African health care. The Southern African flora is composed of at least 23 400 taxa. Despite this richness, only a handful of botanical products have been assessed for activities against HIV. This study aimed to summarize the potential of Sub-Saharan African plants, based on their composition and the established bioactivities, as sources of agents to manage HIV symptoms and as retroviral therapy. At least 109 plant species from 42 families and 94 genera that are found in Southern Africa were shown to have potential or actual activities against HIV. Only 12 of these plant species from 6 families and 10 genera were shown to harbour anti-HIV properties. Phytochemicals that include β-sitosterols, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and alkaloids, which harbour anti-HIV properties, were found to have a near cosmopolitan presence across the plant families in the region. Bioactivities of multiple phytochemicals are comparable to those for standard allopathic antiretroviral drugs. Research to determine the anti-HIV activities of the identified and other plants, including clinical trials, is long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina T Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
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Rungsimakan S, Rowan MG. Terpenoids, flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives from Salvia viridis L. cvar. Blue Jeans. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:177-188. [PMID: 25256822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three diterpenoids, 1-oxomicrostegiol (1), viroxocin (2), viridoquinone (3), were isolated from the roots of Salvia viridis L. cvar. Blue Jeans. Five known diterpenoids, microstegiol (4), 7α-acetoxy-14-hydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione (5; 7-O-acetylhorminone tautomer), 7α,14-dihydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione (6; horminone tautomer), ferruginol and salvinolonyl 12-methyl ether (7) were also found in the roots together with 1-docosyl ferulate (8), and a mixture of 2-(4'-alkoxyphenyl) ethyl alkanoates (9). Two lupane triterpenoids, 2α-acetoxy-lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (10), and 3β-acetoxy-lup-20(29)-en-2α-ol (11) were found in the aerial parts together with known compounds, lup-20(29)-ene-2α,3β-diol (12), ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside. A known phenylpropanoid, trans-verbascoside (or acteoside; 13), was the main constituent in the polar fraction of the aerial part, and it is now reported in the genus Salvia for the first time. Other polyphenolic compounds were cis-verbascoside (14), leucosceptoside A (15), martynoside (16), caffeic acid, 6-O-caffeoyl-glucose (18), rosmarinic acid, salidroside, luteolin-7-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-galactopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, and apigenin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside. The structures were determined by 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Compounds 6, 10, ferruginol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid exhibited antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 775) with MIC 50 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM, 12.5 μM, 12.5 μM respectively. Ferruginol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were also active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6571), and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 2599) with MIC 12.5-50 μM. 4 was also active against S.aureus (ATCC 6571) with MIC 50 μM. These values are consistent with previous studies on the antimicrobial activity of Salvia diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G Rowan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K. Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:799-833. [PMID: 32214918 PMCID: PMC7089068 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Schneiderová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Liu Q, Hu HJ, Li PF, Yang YB, Wu LH, Chou GX, Wang ZT. Diterpenoids and phenylethanoid glycosides from the roots of Clerodendrum bungei and their inhibitory effects against angiotensin converting enzyme and α-glucosidase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 103:196-202. [PMID: 24726372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abietane derivatives, bungnates A, B, 15-dehydrocyrtophyllone A and 15-dehydro-17-hydroxycyrtophyllone A, and two phenylethanoid glycosides, bunginoside A and 3″,4″-di-O-acetylmartynoside, together with nine known abietane derivatives and fourteen known phenylethanoid glycosides, were isolated from dried roots of Clerodendrum bungei. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis. The absolute configuration of bunginoside A was established from analysis of CD data. Selected compounds were evaluated for inhibitory effects against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and α-glucosidase. 15-Dehydrocyrtophyllone A showed an ACE inhibitory effect, and verbascoside, leucosceptoside A and isoacteoside exhibited strong inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Patel JJ, Acharya SR, Acharya NS. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. - a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:268-85. [PMID: 24727551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. (Verbenaceae) is an important medicinal plant growing in the tropical and warm temperate regions like Africa, Southern Asia; Malaysia and distributed throughout in forests of India and Sri Lanka. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever and malarial fever in India with a long history. To provide a comprehensive overview of the traditional and ethno medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of C. serratum with clinical and toxicity data and possibly make recommendations for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS All relevant worldwide accepted databases were searched for the terms "Clerodendrum", "Clerodendrum serratum", "Bharangi" and "Cheruthekku" along with the other literature from Indian classical texts and pharmacopoeias. There was no specific timeline set for the search. The accessible literatures available on C. serratum were collected via electronic search using Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and traditional books reports on ethnopharmacology and traditional medicines. RESULTS C. serratum has played an important role in Indian system of medicine. In addition to the common local use in respiratory diseases, other ethnomedicinal uses include treatment of pain, inflammation, rheumatism and fever especially malarial fever. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed anti-asthmatic, mast cell stabilization and anti-allergic effects of roots of C. serratum. Reported data on pharmacological activities also includes hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of the drug. Saponins (terpenoids and steroids), flavonoids and phenolics isolated from roots have been the focus of phytochemical investigations as the biological activity has been ascribed to the saponins, which are known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Isolated bioactives from roots like icosahydropicenic acid and ursolic acid have been claimed to offer anti-allergic and hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic potential of roots and leaves of C. serratum has been demonstrated in the conditions like asthma, allergy, fever, inflammation and liver disorders attributed to the presence of various flavonoids, phenolics and saponins present in the drug. Many ethnobotanical claims have been confirmed through modern in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological studies of different extracts and isolates from plant; however, additional studies on the biomarkers are needed to establish mechanism of action and to validate the traditional use of this drug in clinical practices after proper safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagruti J Patel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kalol Institute of Pharmacy, B/h Old Janpath Hotel, National Highway, Kalol, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev R Acharya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej Ahmedabad Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Niyati S Acharya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej Ahmedabad Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
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Park S, Son MJ, Yook CS, Jin C, Lee YS, Kim HJ. Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Caryopteris incana and cytoprotective effects in human HepG2 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 101:83-90. [PMID: 24582277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Caryopteris incana (Verbenaceae) showed potent cytoprotective effects against damage to HepG2 cells induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP). To search for hepatoprotective components of C. incana, various chromatographic separations of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of C. incana led to isolation of three phenylpropanoid glycosides, 6‴-O-feruloylincanoside D, 6‴-O-sinapoylincanoside D and caryopteroside, and two iridoid glycosides, incanides A and B, together with 17 known compounds. Structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute stereochemistry of the caryopteroside was established with the help of circular dichroism data and in comparison with literature data. All isolated substances were determined for their cytoprotective effects against t-BHP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Among the tested compounds, 6'-O-caffeoylacteoside exhibited the most potent cytoprotective activity with an IC50 value of 0.8±0.1 μM against t-BHP-induced toxicity. Structure-activity relationships of the assay results indicated an important role of the catechol moiety in phenylpropanoid, iridoid and flavonoid derivatives in eliciting cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil 5, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Son
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil 5, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Yook
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changbae Jin
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil 5, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ja Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil 5, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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Ho CW, Lin RD, Lee TH, Lin CH, Wen CL, Tseng YT, Lee MH. Chemical and pharmacological investigation of micropropagated Hygrophila pogonocalyx produced from leaf explants. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:51. [PMID: 28510887 PMCID: PMC5430379 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimized method for indirect shoot organogenesis from the leaf explants of Hygrophila pogonocalyx, a rare and endemic species in Taiwan, was developed to supply enough quantity of plant materials for the first chemical and pharmacological investigation. RESULTS Incubation of the young leaves on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 mg/l) resulted in the best multiplication rate for organogenesis. The average number of adventitious buds per leaf was 22.8 ± 1.9 after 8-week culture. The adventitious buds rooted and developed into plantlets when cultured simply on MS medium. Using this protocol, up to 37,600 plants were produced from a single leaf explant in one year. From the ethanol extract of the leaves of this micropropagated plant, 13 compounds were isolated and identified, including two flavones (1, 11), four flavonols (9, 10, 12, and 13), three phenylethanoid glycosides (6-8), two alkylated glycosides (2-3), and two steroids (4-5). Of these, acteoside (7) exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity in human epidermal melanocytes and luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) exhibited the greatest neurocytoprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS The method, indirect shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of H. pogonocalyx, could be developed to supply enough quantity of plant materials for the chemical and pharmacological investigation. In the present study, the isolated active compounds may develop for whitening agents or treating neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Rong-Dih Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ho-Ping Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, 515 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
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Wang WX, Xiong J, Tang Y, Zhu JJ, Li M, Zhao Y, Yang GX, Xia G, Hu JF. Rearranged abietane diterpenoids from the roots of Clerodendrum trichotomum and their cytotoxicities against human tumor cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 89:89-95. [PMID: 23462587 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots of the medicinal ornamental plant Clerodendrum trichotomum yielded a series of rearranged abietane diterpenoids, including three 17(15→16)-abeo-abietane (1-3) and three 17(15→16),18(4→3)-diabeo-abietane (4-6) derivatives. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of (10R,16R)-12,16-epoxy-11,14,17-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-17(15→16)-abieta-5,8,11,13-tetraene-7-one (1) was deduced by a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the observed Cotton effects in its circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines (BGC-823, Huh-7, KB, KE-97, and Jurkat). Among them, compounds 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, and 14, each possessing a common 17(15→16),18(4→3)-diabeo-abietane framework, were found to have remarkable cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 0.83 to 50.99 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Choi JW, Cho EJ, Lee DG, Choi K, Ku J, Park KW, Lee S. Antibacterial Activity of Triterpenoids from Clerodendron trichotomum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2012.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohan Maruga Raja MK, Mishra SH. Comprehensive review of Clerodendrum phlomidis: a traditionally used bitter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:510-24. [PMID: 20550872 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. f., (syn. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f) O. Kuntze, Volkameria multiflorum Burm. f.) (Lamiaceae) is an important and well known medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine for treatment of various ailments. The popular therapies include on inflammation, diabetes, nervous disorder, asthma, rheumatism, digestive disorders, and urinary disorders as well as a bitter tonic. It was reported that pectolinaringenin, scutellarein, clerodin, clerodendrin, clerosterol, 24beta-ethylcholesta-5,22E,25-triene-3beta-ol, lup-20(29)-en-3-triacontanoate, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone-4,4'alpha-D-diglucoside, 7-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavanone-7-O-glucoside and alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-naringin-4'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside-5-methyl ether had been isolated from this plant. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were reported active as analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antiplasmodial, hypoglycemic, minor tranquilizers, anti-asthmatic, antifungal, nematicidal, anti-amnestic and anti-arthritic. There are coincidences between some of the traditional usages of this plant and experimentally observed effects of the extracts but very few biological studies available on bioactive fractions and/or pure compounds. This review is an attempt to compile the exhaustive literature on Clerodendrum phlomidis, to highlight, analyze and critically assess the pharmaceutical potential of this underestimated plant in a systematic way.
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Wahba HM, AbouZid SF, Sleem AA, Apers S, Pieters L, Shahat AA. Chemical and biological investigation of some Clerodendrum species cultivated in Egypt. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:66-72. [PMID: 20738216 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.494674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phytochemical investigation of Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Egypt and evaluation for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Clerodendrum chinense, Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Clerodendrum glabrum E. Meyer. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Clerodendrum species under investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Air-dried powdered leaves of C. chinense were extracted with MeOH 80%. This extract was fractionated with successive portions of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. By further fractionation through silica gel, polyamide and reversed phase column chromatography several compounds were isolated which were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy. For biological study, the powdered leaves of C. chinense, C. indicum and C. glabrum were extracted by chloroform and then extracted with methanol. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of tested extracts of the leaves of Clerodendrum species under investigation was estimated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Antipyretic effect was evaluated and compared with that of paracetamol as standard using the yeast-induced hyperthermia method on female albino rats. Analgesic effect was evaluated and compared with that of Novalgin (metamizol sodium) as standard using an electric current anxious stimulus. RESULTS Verbascoside, isoverbascoside, decaffeoylverbascoside, hispidulin, lupeol and icariside B5 were isolated from the leaves of C. chinense for the first time. Cornoside and rengyolone were also isolated. The methanol extract of the leaves of C. chinense and verbascoside showed significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. CONCLUSION The present study provided a scientific validation of the traditional claims suggested for C. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham M Wahba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
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Lee SJ, Moon HI. RETRACTED: Immunotoxicity activity of 2,6,10,15-tetrame-heptadecane from the essential oils ofClerodendron trichotomumThunb. againstAedes aegyptiL. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:705-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08923971003685959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Oh JW, Lee JY, Han SH, Moon YH, Kim YG, Woo ER, Kang KW. Effects of phenylethanoid glycosides from Digitalis purpurea L. on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:903-10. [PMID: 15969951 DOI: 10.1211/0022357056451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have isolated four different phenylethanoid glycosides (purpureaside A, desrhamnosyl acteo-side, calceolarioside B and plantainoside D) from the leaves of Digitalis purpurea (foxglove). The effects of these glycosides on activator protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line have been studied. Of these four glycosides, purpureaside A potently inhibited iNOS induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Increase in iNOS mRNA by LPS was completely suppressed by purpureaside A. Purpureaside A did not significantly affect LPS-inducible nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation or the nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, a reporter gene assay using AP-1 specific luciferase reporter revealed that the enhanced activity of AP-1 by LPS was completely abolished in cells treated with purpureaside A. These results demonstrated that purpureaside A inhibited LPS-inducible iNOS expression in macrophages through the suppression of AP-1, but not of NF-kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Oh
- Research Center for Resistant Cells and Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
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Anti-inflammatory phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum leaves. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:7-13. [PMID: 19183871 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Savarino A. A historical sketch of the discovery and development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:1507-22. [PMID: 17107277 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.12.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The long process of HIV-1 integrase inhibitor discovery and development can be attributed to both the complexity of HIV-1 integration and poor 'integration' of these researches into mainstream investigations on antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s. Of note, some fungal extracts investigated during this period contain the beta-hydroxyketo group, later recognised to be a key structural requirement for keto-enol acids (also referred to as diketo acids) and other integrase inhibitors. This review reconstructs (in the general context of the history of AIDS research) the principal steps that led to the integrase inhibitors currently in clinical trials, and discusses possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Savarino
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299. 00161- Rome, Italy.
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Pharmacological Activities of Phenylpropanoids Glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Gambari R, Lampronti I. Inhibition of immunodeficiency type-1 virus (HIV-1) life cycle by medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived compounds. LEAD MOLECULES FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS - DISCOVERY AND NEW TRENDS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chae S, Kang KA, Kim JS, Hyun JW, Kang SS. Trichotomoside: A New Antioxidative Phenylpropanoid Glycoside fromClerodendron trichotomum. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:41-8. [PMID: 17193214 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure and antioxidant properties of a new natural glycoside, trichotomoside (1), isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum, were investigated. Trichotomoside was identified as 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-[(2E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The compound was active towards intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited DPPH-radical-scavenging effects. The radical-scavenging activity of 1 was found to protect the viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4 cells) exposed to H2O2 and gamma-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Chae
- Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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Asres K, Seyoum A, Veeresham C, Bucar F, Gibbons S. Naturally derived anti-HIV agents. Phytother Res 2005; 19:557-81. [PMID: 16161055 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The urgent need for new anti-HIV/AIDS drugs is a global concern. In addition to obvious economical and commercial hurdles, HIV/AIDS patients are faced with multifarious difficulties associated with the currently approved anti-HIV drugs. Adverse effects, the emergence of drug resistance and the narrow spectrum of activity have limited the therapeutic usefulness of the various reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors that are currently available on the market. This has driven many scientists to look for new anti-retrovirals with better efficacy, safety and affordability. As has always been the case in the search for cures, natural sources offer great promise. Several natural products, mostly of plant origin have been shown to possess promising activities that could assist in the prevention and/or amelioration of the disease. Many of these anti-HIV agents have other medicinal values as well, which afford them further prospective as novel leads for the development of new drugs that can deal with both the virus and the various disorders that characterize HIV/AIDS. The aim of this review is to report new discoveries and updates pertaining to anti-HIV natural products. In the review anti-HIV agents have been classified according to their chemical classes rather than their target in the HIV replicative cycle, which is the most frequently encountered approach. Perusal of the literature revealed that most of these promising naturally derived anti-HIV compounds are flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides or proteins. It is our strong conviction that the results and experiences with many of the anti-HIV natural products will inspire and motivate even more researchers to look for new leads from plants and other natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Lee JY, Woo ER, Kang KW. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by acteoside through blocking of AP-1 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:561-566. [PMID: 15740896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acteoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We isolated acteoside from Buddlejae Flos, which has been used as a traditional medicine to treat conjunctive congestion and sepsis. The effect of acteoside on the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene was examined in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line. An acteoside pretreatment significantly inhibited the release of NO in the cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that acteoside inhibited the LPS-induced levels of the iNOS protein and mRNA. Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) is the key step in the signaling pathways mediating iNOS induction. In this study, acteoside selectively suppressed AP-1 activation, which may be essential for iNOS induction in the LPS-treated macrophages. The inhibitory effect of AP-1 activation by acteoside may be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of Buddlejae Flos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
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Chae S, Kim JS, Kang KA, Bu HD, Lee Y, Seo YR, Hyun JW, Kang SS. Antioxidant activity of isoacteoside from Clerodendron trichotomum. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:389-400. [PMID: 15799629 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590900750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of isoacteoside, isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum (Verbenaceae), were investigated. This compound scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and prevented lipid peroxidation. This radical scavenging activity of isoacteoside protected cell viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, isoacteoside reduced the apoptotic cells formation induced by H2O2, as demonstrated by the decreased number of sub-G1 hypo-diploid cells and apoptotic cell body formation. However, isoacteoside increased the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Taken together, these findings suggest that isoacteoside, isolated from C. trichotomum, possesses antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Chae
- Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Díaz AM, Abad MJ, Fernández L, Silván AM, De Santos J, Bermejo P. Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia scorodonia: in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Life Sci 2004; 74:2515-26. [PMID: 15010262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five phenylpropanoid glycosides isolated from Scrophularia scorodonia L. (Scrophulariaceae), namely angoroside A (1), angoroside C (2), angoroside D (3), acteoside (4) and isoacteoside (5), had been evaluated as potential inhibitors of some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. These compounds have been tested in two experimental systems: ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages and human platelets serve as source of COX-1 and 5-LOX, and mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with E. coli LPS are the means of testing for COX-2, NO and TNF-alpha activity. None of compounds assayed had a significant effect on LTC(4)-release from calcium ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, the release of PGE(2) by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with calcium ionophore was inhibited by most of these compounds. In the TXB(2)-release assay, acteoside (4), angoroside A (1) and angoroside C (2) showed a significant effect. These five compounds, except angoroside C (2) significantly inhibited LPS-induced PGE(2), NO and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, the phenylpropanoid glycoside angoroside C (2) only had activity on NO. These results indicate that the pharmacology of these compounds may participate in the anti-inflammatory effect of Scrophularia scorodonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Díaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
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Chae S, Kim JS, Kang KA, Bu HD, Lee Y, Hyun JW, Kang SS. Antioxidant Activity of Jionoside D from Clerodendron trichotomum. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:1504-8. [PMID: 15467185 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant property of jionoside D, isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum (Verbenaceae), was investigated. This compound showed scavenging activity of intracellular reactive oxygen species and of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. This radical scavenging activity of jionoside D protected the cell viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed H2O2. Furthermore, jionoside D reduced the apoptotic cells induced by H2O2, as demonstrated by the decreased number of sub G1 hypo-diploid cells and apoptotic body formation. However, it increased the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Taken together, these findings suggest that jionoside D, isolated from C. trichotomum, exhibits antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Chae
- Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yeunkun dong, Chongno ku, Korea
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Kang DG, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee YM, Lee HS. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 89:151-154. [PMID: 14522447 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The stems of Clerodendron trichotomum have been traditionally used for treatment of hypertension in far East Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the EtOAc-soluble extract of Clerodendron trichotomum afforded acteoside (1), leucosceptoside A (2), martynoside (3), acteoside isomer (4), and isomartynoside (5). The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities were significantly inhibited by the addition of these phenylpropanoid glycosides (1-5) in a dose-dependent manner of which IC(50) values were 373+/-9.3 microg/ml, 423+/-18.8 microg/ml, 524+/-28.1 microg/ml, 376+/-15.6 microg/ml, 505+/-26.7 microg/ml, respectively. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of Clerodendron trichotomum may be, at least in part, due to ACE inhibitory effect of phenylpropanoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeon-Buk 570-749, South Korea
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Piao MS, Kim MR, Lee DG, Park Y, Hahm KS, Moon YH, Woo ER. Antioxidative constituents from Buddleia officinalis. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:453-7. [PMID: 12877553 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four flavonoids (1-4), a phenylethyl glycoside (5), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside (6) were isolated from the flowers of Buddleia officinalis (Loganiaceae). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectral analysis. Among the isolated compounds, luteolin (1) and acteoside (6) exhibited the most potent antioxidative activity on the NBT superoxide scavenging assay. In addition, compounds 1-6 revealed weak antifungal activity, and no hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shan Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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