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Cheng B, Li Y, Ji YB, Shi W, Li M, Zheng J, Ding L, Liu K, Fang L, Xu Y, Li H, Shao X. Polyethylenimine Triggers Dll4 Degradation to Regulate Angiogenesis In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7502-7510. [PMID: 38405519 PMCID: PMC10882680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The Dll4-Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis and is a promising therapeutic target for diseases associated with abnormal angiogenesis, such as cancer and ophthalmic diseases. Here, we find that polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer widely used as nucleic acid transfection reagents, can target the Notch ligand Dll4. By immunostaining and immunoblotting, we demonstrate that PEI significantly induces the clearance of cell-surface Dll4 and facilitates its degradation through the lysosomal pathway. As a result, the activation of Notch signaling in endothelial cells is effectively inhibited by PEI, as evidenced by the observed decrease in the generation of the activated form of Notch and expression of Notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1. Furthermore, through blocking Dll4-mediated Notch signaling, PEI treatment enhances angiogenesis in vitro. Together, our study reveals a novel biological effect of PEI and establishes a foundation for the development of a Dll4-targeted biomaterial for the treatment of angiogenesis-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Cheng
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Bin Ji
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meiqing Li
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro
Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
| | - Jiwei Zheng
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Ding
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro
Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
| | - Lijing Fang
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro
Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
| | - Ye Xu
- General
Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro
Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
| | - Ximing Shao
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro
Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
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Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Antonie L, Soliman KFA. Sanguinarine Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced CCL2, IKBKE/NF-κB/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway, and Cell Migration in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158329. [PMID: 35955463 PMCID: PMC9368383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process that drives breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis, which is linked to the altered inflammatory process, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In targeting inflammatory angiogenesis, natural compounds are a promising option for managing BC. Thus, this study was designed to determine the natural alkaloid sanguinarine (SANG) potential for its antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The cytotoxic effect of SANG was examined in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell models at a low molecular level. In this study, SANG remarkably inhibited the inflammatory mediator chemokine CCL2 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR confirmed with Western analysis studies showed that mRNA CCL2 repression was concurrent with reducing its main regulator IKBKE and NF-κB signaling pathway proteins in both TNBC cell lines. The total ERK1/2 protein was inhibited in the more responsive MDA-MB-231 cells. SANG exhibited a higher potential to inhibit cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-468 cells. Data obtained in this study suggest a unique antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effect of SANG in the MDA-MB-231 cell model. These effects are related to the compound’s ability to inhibit the angiogenic CCL2 and impact the ERK1/2 pathway. Therefore, SANG use may be recommended as a component of the therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Najla O. Zarmouh
- Faculty of Medical Technology-Misrata, Libyan Ministry of Technical & Vocational Education, Misrata LY72, Libya;
| | - Lovely Antonie
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +1-850-599-3306
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3
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Isosteviol improves cardiac function and promotes angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in rats. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:275-285. [PMID: 34820705 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol has been indicated as a cardiomyocyte protector. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we sought to confirm the protective effect of isosteviol after myocardial infarction in a model of permanent coronary artery occlusion and investigate the potential proangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. A 4-week permanent coronary artery occlusion rat model was generated, and the protective effect of isosteviol was evaluated by echocardiographic imaging and hemodynamics assays. The coronary capillary density was tested by immunochemistry and micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging. The effect of isosteviol on endothelial cells was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and Tg (kdrl: EGFP) zebrafish in vivo. We also examined the expression of related transcription factors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Isosteviol increased ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), cardiac systolic index (CI), maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (Max dp/dt), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) by 32%, 40%, 25%, 26%, and 10%, respectively, in permanent coronary artery occlusion rats. Interestingly, it also promoted coronary capillary density by 2.5-fold. In addition, isosteviol promoted the proliferation and branching of HUVECs in vitro. It also rescued intersegmental vessel (ISV) development and improved endothelial cell proliferation by approximately fivefold (4-6) in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Isosteviol also upregulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in zebrafish by fourfold and 3.5-fold, respectively. Our findings suggest that isosteviol is a proangiogenic agent and that this activity is related to its protective effects against myocardial ischemia. After using the permanent coronary artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that isosteviol promotes angiogenesis directly and increases capillary density in myocardial ischemia rats. Isosteviol promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish in vivo and increases vascular endothelial cell proliferation in HUVECs and zebrafish. The angiogenesis activity of isosteviol may be correlated with VEGFA and HIF-1α signaling.
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Li Z, Xu C, Sun D. MicroRNA-488 serves as a diagnostic marker for atherosclerosis and regulates the biological behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4092-4099. [PMID: 34288824 PMCID: PMC8806555 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1953212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the main causes of cerebral infarction. Researches on AS mainly focus on the gene level, among which microRNA is the research hotspot nowadays. This study investigated the diagnostic value of aberrant serum miR-488 in AS patients, and further explored the effect of abnormally expressed miR-488 on the biological behavior of vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) cells by cell transfection. The qRT-PCR was used to investigate the expression level of miR-488 in 125 AS patients and 60 healthy controls. The diagnostic value of miR-488 was analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to detect the ability of miR-488 on the proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs cells. Serum expression of miR-488 in AS patients was higher than that in healthy controls. The expression level of miR-488 was significantly positively correlated with the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) value. The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.892, specificity was 99.3%, and sensitivity was 77.6%. In VSMCs cells, overexpression of miR-488 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration ability. The high expression of miR-488 is a good diagnostic marker for AS. The upregulation of miR-488 promotes VSMCs cell proliferation, and migration, which may provide a new theory for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China
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5
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Erkisa M, Sariman M, Geyik OG, Geyik CG, Stanojkovic T, Ulukay E. Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Target Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:741-783. [PMID: 34182899 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210628131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still a deadly disease, and its treatment desperately needs to be managed in a very sophisticated way through fast-developing novel strategies. Most of the cancer cases eventually develop into recurrencies, for which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible. They are considered as a subpopulation of all cancer cells of tumor tissue with aberrant regulation of self-renewal, unbalanced proliferation, and cell death properties. Moreover, CSCs show a serious degree of resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and immune surveillance as well. Therefore, new classes of drugs are rushing into the market each year, which makes the cost of therapy increase dramatically. Natural products are also becoming a new research area as a diverse chemical library to suppress CSCs. Some of the products even show promise in this regard. So, the near future could witness the introduction of natural products as a source of new chemotherapy modalities, which may result in the development of novel anticancer drugs. They could also be a reasonably-priced alternative to highly expensive current treatments. Nowadays, considering the effects of natural compounds on targeting surface markers, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and escape from immunosurveillance have been a highly intriguing area in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we present scientific advances regarding their potential use in the inhibition of CSCs and the mechanisms by which they kill the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erkisa
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Sariman
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oyku Gonul Geyik
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Geyik Geyik
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tatjana Stanojkovic
- Experimental Oncology Deparment, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Pasterova 14. Serbia
| | - Engin Ulukay
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tian M, Huang Y, Wang X, Cao M, Zhao Z, Chen T, Yuan C, Wang N, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. Vaccaria segetalis: A Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Findings. Front Chem 2021; 9:666280. [PMID: 33996757 PMCID: PMC8117358 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.666280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccaria segetalis is a dry mature seed of Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, which belongs to the genus V. segetalis (Neck.) Garcke. There are multiple medicinal parts of V. segetalis, according to the records, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds, which should be used together. Currently, V. segetalis is most frequently used in the treatment of menstruation, dysmenorrhea, breast milk stoppages, and chylorrhea. Numerous studies present historical evidence of the use of V. segetalis to treat several diseases and describe its beneficial effects including prolactin- (PRL-) like, estrogen-like, antitumor, antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activity. We summarized the period from January 1980 to December 2019 regarding V. segetalis. This review paper indicates that V. segetalis has promising clinical applications. The main active ingredients of the plant have been elucidated in recent years. We summarized the previously and newly discovered pharmacological effects of V. segetalis in addition to its active ingredients, ethnopharmacological uses, and toxicological properties, and provided a focus for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijiao Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Roy B, Palaniyandi SS. A role for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 in angiotensin II-mediated decrease in angiogenesis of coronary endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104133. [PMID: 33428883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced coronary endothelial cell (CEC) dysfunction contributes to diabetic heart diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a vasoactive hormone, is upregulated in diabetes, and is reported to increase oxidative stress in CECs. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a key lipid peroxidation product, causes cellular dysfunction by forming adducts with proteins. By detoxifying 4HNE, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 reduces 4HNE mediated proteotoxicity and confers cytoprotection. Thus, we hypothesize that ALDH2 improves Ang II-mediated defective CEC angiogenesis by decreasing 4HNE-mediated cytotoxicity. To test our hypothesis, we treated the cultured mouse CECs (MCECs) with Ang II (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for 2, 4 and 6 h. Next, we treated MCECs with Alda-1 (10 μM), an ALDH2 activator or disulfiram (2.5 μM)/ALDH2 siRNA (1.25 nM), the ALDH2 inhibitors, or blockers of angiotensin II type-1 and 2 receptors i.e. Losartan and PD0123319 respectively before challenging MCECs with 10 μM Ang II. We found that 10 μM Ang II decreased tube formation in MCECs with in vitro angiogenesis assay (P < .0005 vs control). 10 μM Ang II downregulated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) (p < .005 for mRNA and P < .05 for protein) and VEGFR2 (p < .05 for mRNA and P < .005 for protein) as well as upregulated the levels of angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) (p < .05 for mRNA and P < .005 for protein) and 4HNE-adducts (P < .05 for protein) in cultured MCECs, compared to controls. ALDH2 inhibition with disulfiram/ALDH2 siRNA exacerbated 10 μM Ang II-induced decrease in coronary angiogenesis (P < .005) by decreasing the levels of VEGFR1 (P < .005 for mRNA and P < .05 for protein) and VEGFR2 (P < .05 for both mRNA and protein) and increasing the levels of AT2R (P < .05 for both mRNA and protein) and 4HNE-adducts (P < .05 for protein) relative to Ang II alone. AT2R inhibition per se improved angiogenesis in MCECs. Additionally, enhancing ALDH2 activity with Alda 1 rescued Ang II-induced decrease in angiogenesis by increasing the levels of VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and decreasing the levels of AT2R. In summary, ALDH2 can be an important target in reducing 4HNE-induced proteotoxicity and improving angiogenesis in MCECs. Finally, we conclude ALDH2 activation can be a therapeutic strategy to improve coronary angiogenesis to ameliorate cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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8
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Capilliposide B blocks VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110999. [PMID: 33227710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis is associated with intraocular diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and current therapies for these eye diseases are not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to determine whether capilliposide B (CPS-B), a novel oleanane triterpenoid saponin derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl, can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis signaling events and cellular responses in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Our study revealed that the capilliposide B IC50 for HRECs was 8.5 μM at 72 h and that 1 μM capilliposide B specifically inhibited VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling enzymes Akt and Erk. In addition, we discovered that this chemical effectively blocked VEGF-stimulated proliferation, migration and tube formation of the HRECs, suggesting that capilliposide B is a promising prophylactic for angiogenesis-associated diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Phaugat P, Khansili A, Nishal S, Kumari B. A Concise Review on Multidimensional Silver Nanoparticle Health Aids and Threats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200425234517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (Np) are the 21st century material in supreme formulations due to their
unique properties and design. In review, systematic discussion of the synthesis, characterization,
bio-applications, and risks of AgNps (Silver Nanoparticles) especially highlighting anticancer activity
envisaging mechanisms as well as therapeutic approaches for cancer. Ag-Nps mainly possess
toxicological concern.
Benefits and Risk:
AgNps have beneficial approaches for cancer treatment and angiogenesisrelated
diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetic psoriasis, retinopathy, endometriosis,
and adiposity.
Ag-Nps induced cytotoxicity through oxidative stress by the ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation
could be measured as dependent on different properties, such as nanoparticle shape, size,
agglomeration, concentration, and aggregation.
Result:
The advancing nanotechnology-based therapy needs to be devised better, and it should
offload the hitches of prevailing treatment approaches. Essential studies are required to explain the
synergistic effect of two different cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmita Phaugat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gururam, India
| | - Aparna Khansili
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gururam, India
| | - Suchitra Nishal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gururam, India
| | - Beena Kumari
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gururam, India
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Mohaqiq M, Taheri M. Non-coding RNAs regulate angiogenic processes. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 133-134:106778. [PMID: 32784009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has critical roles in numerous physiologic processes during embryonic and adult life such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant angiogenic processes have also been involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the regulation of this process in several physiologic and pathologic conditions. Notably, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to influence angiogenesis through modulation of expression of VEGF or other angiogenic factors. In the current review, we summarize the function and characteristics of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs which regulate angiogenic processes. Understanding the role of these transcripts in the angiogenesis can facilitate design of therapeutic strategies to defeat the pathogenic events during this process especially in the human malignancies. Besides, angiogenesis-related mechanisms can improve tissue regeneration after conditions such as arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction and limb ischemia. Thus, ncRNA-regulated angiogenesis can be involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Madu CO, Wang S, Madu CO, Lu Y. Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:4474-4494. [PMID: 32489466 PMCID: PMC7255381 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a significant event in a wide range of healthy and diseased conditions. This process frequently involves vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability. Numerous players referred to as angiogenic factors, work in tandem to facilitate the outgrowth of endothelial cells (EC) and the consequent vascularity. Conversely, angiogenic factors could also feature in pathological conditions. Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the development of tumors and metastases in numerous cancers. An increased level of angiogenesis is associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients. Therefore, a good understanding of the angiogenic mechanism holds a promise of providing effective treatments for breast cancer progression, thereby enhancing patients' survival. Disrupting the initiation and progression of this process by targeting angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf)-one of the most potent member of the VEGF family- or by targeting transcription factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) that act as angiogenic regulators, have been considered potential treatment options for several types of cancers. The objective of this review is to highlight the mechanism of angiogenesis in diseases, specifically its role in the progression of malignancy in breast cancer, as well as to highlight the undergoing research in the development of angiogenesis-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikezie O. Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152. USA
| | - Stephanie Wang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Chinua O. Madu
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163. USA
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12
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Hu WH, Wang HY, Xia YT, Dai DK, Xiong QP, Dong TTX, Duan R, Chan GKL, Qin QW, Tsim KWK. Kaempferol, a Major Flavonoid in Ginkgo Folium, Potentiates Angiogenic Functions in Cultured Endothelial Cells by Binding to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:526. [PMID: 32410995 PMCID: PMC7198864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a major flavonoid in Ginkgo Folium and other edible plants, which is being proposed here to have roles in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is important in both physiological and pathological development. Here, kaempferol was shown to bind with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), probably in the heparin binding domain of VEGF: this binding potentiated the angiogenic functions of VEGF in various culture models. Kaempferol potentiated the VEGF-induced cell motility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the sub-intestinal vessel sprouting in zebrafish embryos and formation of microvascular in rat aortic ring. In cultured HUVECs, application of kaempferol strongly potentiated the VEGF-induced phosphorylations of VEGFR2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manners, and in parallel the VEGF-mediated expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, were significantly enhanced. In addition, the potentiation effect of kaempferol was revealed in VEGF-induced migration of skin cell and monocyte. Taken together, our results suggested the pharmacological roles of kaempferol in potentiating VEGF-mediated functions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Teng Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Diana Kun Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qing-Ping Xiong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gallant Kar-Lun Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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Roy B, Palaniyandi SS. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibition potentiates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal induced decrease in angiogenesis of coronary endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:290-299. [PMID: 31943249 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction including defective angiogenesis is reported in cardiac diseases. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product, which is increased in cardiac diseases and implicated in cellular toxicity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes 4HNE and reduces 4HNE-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesize that ALDH2 inhibition potentiates 4HNE-mediated decrease in coronary EC angiogenesis in vitro. To test our hypothesis, first, we treated the cultured mouse coronary EC (MCEC) lines with 4HNE (25, 50, and 75 μM) for 2 and 4 hours. Next, we pharmacologically inhibited ALDH2 by disulfiram (DSF) (2.5 μM) before challenging the cells with 4HNE. In this study, we found that 4HNE attenuated tube formation which indicates decreased angiogenesis. Next, we found that 4HNE has significantly downregulated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 (P < .05 for mRNA and P = .005 for protein), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) (P < 0.0005 for mRNA), and Ets-related gene (ERG) (P < 0.0001 for mRNA and P < 0.005 for protein) in MCECs compared with control. ALDH 2 inhibition by DSF potentiated 4HNE-induced decrease in angiogenesis (P < 0.05 vs 4HNE at 2 h and P < 0.0005 vs 4HNE at 4 h) by decreasing the expressions of VEGFR2 (P < 0.005 for both mRNA and protein), SIRT 1 (P < 0.05), and ERG (P < 0.005) relative to 4HNE alone. Thus, we conclude that ALDH2 acts as a proangiogenic signaling molecule by alleviating the antiangiogenic effects of 4HNE in MCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Karsch-Bluman A, Benny O. Necrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Role in Cancer Recurrence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:89-98. [PMID: 32030649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is one of the most imminent problems in the current world of medicine, and it is responsible for most of the cancer-related death rates worldwide. Long-term administration of anticancer cytotoxic drugs may act as a double-edged sword, as necrosis may lead to renewed cancer progression and treatment resistance. The lack of nutrients, coupled with the induced hypoxia, triggers cell death and secretion of signals that affect the tumor niche. Many efforts have been made to better understand the contribution of hypoxia and metabolic stress to cancer progression and resistance, but mostly with respect to inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the direct anticancer effects of necrotic signals, which are not necessarily mediated by inflammation and the role of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) on the formation of a pro-cancerous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Karsch-Bluman
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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15
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Hernández-Romero IA, Guerra-Calderas L, Salgado-Albarrán M, Maldonado-Huerta T, Soto-Reyes E. The Regulatory Roles of Non-coding RNAs in Angiogenesis and Neovascularization From an Epigenetic Perspective. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1091. [PMID: 31709179 PMCID: PMC6821677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for organ morphogenesis and growth during development, and it is especially relevant during the repair of wounded tissue in adults. It is coordinated by an equilibrium of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors; nevertheless, when affected, it promotes several diseases. Lately, a growing body of evidence is indicating that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, play critical roles in angiogenesis. These ncRNAs can act in cis or trans and alter gene transcription by several mechanisms including epigenetic processes. In the following pages, we will discuss the functions of ncRNAs in the regulation of angiogenesis and neovascularization, both in normal and disease contexts, from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we will describe the contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques to the discovery and understanding of the role of ncRNAs in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Cho HJ, Lee JG, Kim JH, Kim SY, Huh YH, Kim HJ, Lee KS, Yu K, Lee JS. Vascular defects of DYRK1A knockouts are ameliorated by modulating calcium signaling in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037044. [PMID: 31043432 PMCID: PMC6550036 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A is a major causative gene in Down syndrome (DS). Reduced incidence of solid tumors such as neuroblastoma in DS patients and increased vascular anomalies in DS fetuses suggest a potential role of DYRK1A in angiogenic processes, but in vivo evidence is still scarce. Here, we used zebrafish dyrk1aa mutant embryos to understand DYRK1A function in cerebral vasculature formation. Zebrafish dyrk1aa mutants exhibited cerebral hemorrhage and defects in angiogenesis of central arteries in the developing hindbrain. Such phenotypes were rescued by wild-type dyrk1aa mRNA, but not by a kinase-dead form, indicating the importance of DYRK1A kinase activity. Chemical screening using a bioactive small molecule library identified a calcium chelator, EGTA, as one of the hits that most robustly rescued the hemorrhage. Vascular defects of mutants were also rescued by independent modulation of calcium signaling by FK506. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analyses supported the alterations of calcium signaling networks in dyrk1aa mutants. Together, our results suggest that DYRK1A plays an essential role in angiogenesis and in maintenance of the developing cerebral vasculature via regulation of calcium signaling, which may have therapeutic potential for DYRK1A-related vascular diseases. Summary: The roles of DYRK1A in angiogenesis and maintenance of the developing cerebral vasculature mediated by calcium signaling were revealed using zebrafish dyrk1aa knockout mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Cho
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Geun Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Hazards Monitoring BNT Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea .,Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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17
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Chen M, Gui Y, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Lin HW. Proangiogenic penibishexahydroxanthone A from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ486A. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Azad T, Ghahremani M, Yang X. The Role of YAP and TAZ in Angiogenesis and Vascular Mimicry. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050407. [PMID: 31052445 PMCID: PMC6562567 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is a physiological process that begins in utero and continues throughout life in both good health and disease. Understanding the underlying mechanism in angiogenesis could uncover a new therapeutic approach in pathological angiogenesis. Since its discovery, the Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key player in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis. Recently, new studies have discovered that Hippo and two of its main effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), play critical roles during angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ regulate endothelial cell shape, behavior, and function in angiogenesis. We further discuss how YAP/TAZ function as part of developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Finally, we review the role of YAP/TAZ in tumor vascular mimicry and propose directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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19
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Choi S, Uehara H, Wu Y, Das S, Zhang X, Archer B, Carroll L, Ambati BK. RNA activating-double stranded RNA targeting flt-1 promoter inhibits endothelial cell proliferation through soluble FLT-1 upregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193590. [PMID: 29509796 PMCID: PMC5839558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-activating RNA (saRNA), which targets gene promoters, has been shown to increase the target gene expression. In this study, we describe the use of an saRNA (Flt a-1) to target the flt-1 promoter, leading to upregulation of the soluble isoform of Flt-1 and inhibition of angiogenesis. We demonstrate that Flt a-1 increased sFlt-1 mRNA and protein levels, while reducing VEGF expression. This was associated with suppression of human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. HUVEC migration and tube formation were also suppressed by Flt a-1. An siRNA targeting Flt-1 blocked the effects of Flt a-1. Flt a-1 effects were not mediated via argonaute proteins. However, trichostatin A and 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio) adenosine inhibited Flt a-1 effects, indicating that histone acetylation and methylation are mechanistically involved in RNA activation of Flt-1. In conclusion, RNA activation of sFlt-1 can be used to inhibit angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Choi
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hironori Uehara
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Subrata Das
- Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Archer
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lara Carroll
- John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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20
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Wu W, Duan Y, Ma G, Zhou G, Park-Windhol C, D'Amore PA, Lei H. AAV-CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Depletion of VEGFR2 Blocks Angiogenesis In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:6082-6090. [PMID: 29204648 PMCID: PMC5714046 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathologic angiogenesis is a component of many diseases, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration, proliferation diabetic retinopathy, as well as tumor growth and metastasis. The purpose of this project was to examine whether the system of adeno-associated viral (AAV)–mediated CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)–associated endonuclease (Cas)9 can be used to deplete expression of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in human vascular endothelial cells in vitro and thus suppress its downstream signaling events. Methods The dual AAV system of CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (AAV-SpGuide and -SpCas9) was adapted to edit genomic VEGFR2 in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). In this system, the endothelial-specific promoter for intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) was cloned into the dual AAV vectors of SpGuide and SpCas9 for driving expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) and SpCas9, respectively. These two AAV vectors were applied to production of recombinant AAV serotype 5 (rAAV5), which were used to infect HRECs for depletion of VEGFR2. Protein expression was determined by Western blot; and cell proliferation, migration, as well as tube formation were examined. Results AAV5 effectively infected vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells; the ICAM2 promoter drove expression of GFP and SpCas9 in HRECs, but not in RPE cells. The results showed that the rAAV5-CRISPR/Cas9 depleted VEGFR2 by 80% and completely blocked VEGF-induced activation of Akt, and proliferation, migration as well as tube formation of HRECs. Conclusions AAV-CRISRP/Cas9–mediated depletion of VEGFR2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for pathologic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yajian Duan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Eye Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Guohong Zhou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cindy Park-Windhol
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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21
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Ofek P, Tiram G, Satchi-Fainaro R. Angiogenesis regulation by nanocarriers bearing RNA interference. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:3-19. [PMID: 28163106 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the approval of bevacizumab as anti-angiogenic therapy in 2004 by the FDA, an array of angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed and approved. However, results were disappointing with regard to their therapeutic efficacy. RNA interference approaches offer the possibility of rational design with high specificity, lacking in many current drug treatments for various diseases including cancer. However, in vivo delivery issues still represent a significant obstacle for widespread clinical applications. In the current review, we summarize the advances in the last decade in the field of angiogenesis-targeted RNA interference approaches, with special emphasis on oncology applications. We present pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors as potential targets, experimental evidence and clinical trials data on angiogenesis regulation by RNA interference. Consequent challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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22
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, López-Novoa JM, Pericacho M. Endoglin-based biological therapy in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent pathologies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1053-1063. [PMID: 28656781 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1346607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in the process of angiogenesis, either by excess or by defect, are present in different common pathologies. For this reason, great efforts are being made toward the development of pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies. Since endoglin levels are enhanced in tissues undergoing angiogenesis, and changes in its expression lead to alterations in vessel formation, endoglin has become an ideal target for these types of therapies. Areas covered: In this review, the role of endoglin in angiogenesis is summarized. In addition, the authors review pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies that are currently being used and new approaches that target endoglin. The article includes therapies that are both in preclinical and clinical development. Expert opinion: Endoglin is a very good target for anti-angiogenic therapy, as demonstrated by the positive results obtained with anti-endoglin antibodies. However, although endoglin in pro-angiogenic therapies has been successful in vitro, its use has not yet reached clinical settings. Moreover, the authors believe that establishing the exact role of endoglin in angiogenesis is essential and that this should be the next step in this field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
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23
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Stangret A, Skoda M, Wnuk A, Pyzlak M, Szukiewicz D. Mild anemia during pregnancy upregulates placental vascularity development. Med Hypotheses 2017; 102:37-40. [PMID: 28478827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The connection between maternal hematological status and pregnancy outcome has been shown by many independent researchers. Attention was initially focused on the adverse effects of moderate and severe anemia. Interestingly, some studies revealed that mild anemia was associated with optimal fetal development and was not affecting pregnancy outcome. The explanation for this phenomenon became a target for scientists. Hemodilution, physiologic anemia and relative decrease in hemoglobin concentration are the changes observed during pregnancy but they do not explain the reasons for the positive influence of mild anemia on a fetomaternal unit. It is hypothesized that hemodilution facilitates placental perfusion because blood viscosity is reduced. Subsequently, it may lead to a decline in hemoglobin concentration. Anemia from its definition implies decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and can result in hypoxemia and even hypoxia, which is a common factor inducing new blood vessels formation. Therefore, we raised the hypothesis that the lowered hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy may upregulate vascular growth factor receptors expression such as VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (FLK-1/KDR). Consecutively, increased fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis provide further expansion of vascular network development, better placental perfusion and hence neither fetus nor the mother are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stangret
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M Skoda
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wnuk
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Pyzlak
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Heterodimerisation between VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 and not the homodimers of VEGFR-1 inhibit VEGFR-2 activity. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 88:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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26
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Ashoor R, Lee D, Cheng A, Jessen B, Huang W. Validation of Cross-Species Reactivity of the VEGF-A/PDGFRβ Bifunctional Antibody PF-06653157. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:650-658. [PMID: 27736501 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PF-06653157 is a bifunctional antagonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets human VEGF-A ligand and PDGF-Rβ. With the advent of PF-06653157 as an angiogenesis inhibitor and potential treatment for angiogenesis deregulation diseases, a relevant toxicology species is needed for toxicity and efficacy studies. Investigative studies were conducted to validate the mAb dual antagonist properties in a human system and determine its cross-reactive pharmacology in nonhuman cells. METHODS Sequence alignment was used to determine percent sequence identity of VEGF and PDGF receptors and ligands; qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the presence of PDGF-Rβ on cells of interest. The functional activity of PF-06653157 antibody was assessed in human, dog, porcine, rabbit, rat, mouse, and cynomolgus monkey cells treated with VEGF and PDGF ligands through cell proliferation assays and western blot analysis of AKT and p44/p42 (ERK1/2) protein phosphorylation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PF-06653157 attenuated phosphorylation of AKT and p44/p42 proteins in human and cynomolgus monkey cells. The antibody did not attenuate AKT nor p44/p42 phosphorylation in any other species tested. PDGFR signaling could not be activated with human PDGF ligand in the porcine cells, so PF-06653157 activity in porcine remains inconclusive. CONCLUSION The PF-06653157 mAb cross-reacts with cynomolgus monkey cells in a similar manner to human cells. Therefore, cynomolgus monkeys are considered the appropriate species for efficacy and regulatory toxicology studies in PF-06653157 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Ashoor
- Drug Safety Research and Development , Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Dong Lee
- Drug Safety Research and Development , Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Alvan Cheng
- Drug Safety Research and Development , Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Bart Jessen
- Drug Safety Research and Development , Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Wenhu Huang
- Drug Safety Research and Development , Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, California
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Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1534. [PMID: 27649147 PMCID: PMC5037809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1166] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology radically changed the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases in all aspects of human life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. AgNPs play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. Although several noble metals have been used for various purposes, AgNPs have been focused on potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using physical, chemical, and biological methods. We also discuss the properties of AgNPs and methods for their characterization. More importantly, we extensively discuss the multifunctional bio-applications of AgNPs; for example, as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer agents, and the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of AgNPs. In addition, we discuss therapeutic approaches and challenges for cancer therapy using AgNPs. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspective of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Allameh A, Jazayeri M, Adelipour M. In Vivo Vascularization of Endothelial Cells Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in SCID Mouse Model. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:179-88. [PMID: 27540522 PMCID: PMC4988416 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective In vivo and in vitro stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells is a promising
area of research for tissue engineering and cell therapy.
Materials and Methods We induced human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate to endothelial cells that had the ability to form capillaries on an extracellular matrix
(ECM) gel. Thereafter, the differentiated endothelial cells at early stage were characterized
by expression of specific markers such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, and CD31. In this experimental model, the endothelial
cells were transplanted into the groins of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.
After 30 days, we obtained tissue biopsies from the transplantation sites. Biopsies were
processed for histopathological and double immunohistochemistry (DIHC) staining.
Results Endothelial cells at the early stage of differentiation expressed endothelial markers. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, in addition to DIHC demonstrated homing of
the endothelial cells that underwent vascularization in the injected site.
Conclusion The data clearly showed that endothelial cells at the early stage of differentiation underwent neovascularization in vivo in SCID mice. Endothelial cells at their early
stage of differentiation have been proven to be efficient for treatment of diseases with
impaired vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jazayeri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Chang JH, Huang YH, Cunningham CM, Han KY, Chang M, Seiki M, Zhou Z, Azar DT. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 modulates signal transduction and angiogenesis in the cornea. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 61:478-97. [PMID: 26647161 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is transparent and avascular, and retention of these characteristics is critical to maintaining vision clarity. Under normal conditions, wound healing in response to corneal injury occurs without the formation of new blood vessels; however, neovascularization may be induced during corneal wound healing when the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic mediators is disrupted to favor angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are key factors in extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis, contribute to the maintenance of this balance, and in pathologic instances, can contribute to its disruption. Here, we elaborate on the facilitative role of MMPs, specifically MMP-14, in corneal neovascularization. MMP-14 is a transmembrane MMP that is critically involved in extracellular matrix proteolysis, exosome transport, and cellular migration and invasion, processes that are critical for angiogenesis. To aid in developing efficacious therapies that promote healing without neovascularization, it is important to understand and further investigate the complex pathways related to MMP-14 signaling, which can also involve vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor or chemokines, epidermal growth factor, prostaglandin E2, thrombin, integrins, Notch, Toll-like receptors, PI3k/Akt, Src, RhoA/RhoA kinase, and extracellular signal-related kinase. The involvement and potential contribution of these signaling molecules or proteins in neovascularization are the focus of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christy M Cunningham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Saif MW, Relias V, Syrigos K, Gunturu KS. Incidence and management of ZIv-aflibercept related toxicities in colorectal cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:1028-1035. [PMID: 25493238 PMCID: PMC4259929 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziv-afilbercept (Zaltrap, Ziv) is a humanized fusion protein constructed by joining the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding portions of human VEGF receptors 1 and 2 to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin IgG1. Recently, a randomized, open-label, phase III study compared 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI)/Ziv with FOLFIRI/placebo in patients who had been previously treated with oxaliplatin based chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer (mCRC). Patients who had received prior bevacizumab therapy were also eligible. This study showed that the addition of Ziv improved overall survival with median survival time of 13.5 mo vs 12.06 mo in ziv vs placebo arm. Ziv also improved progression free survival from 4.67 mo to 6.9 mo with a response rate of 19.8% in the Ziv/FOLFIRI group vs 11.1% in FOLFIRI alone group. This led to the approval of Ziv in combination with FOLFIRI in metastatic colon cancer patients treated with prior oxaliplatin regimens. The most common side effects were diarrhea, stomatitis, fatigue, hypertension, weight loss, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and headache. As the use of Ziv has become more widespread in oncology practices, familiarity with the toxicity profile of the drug and the use of practice guidelines for their treatment has become increasing important. This review will address the toxicities noted in trials using Ziv for the treatment of mCRC, and will provide recommendations for toxicity management.
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Predictive and prognostic value of circulating endothelial cells in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with standard chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:119-25. [PMID: 25037116 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monitoring circulating endothelial cells (CECs) count reflects the tumor vasculature in cancer patients and might be a predictor of response to chemotherapy. We therefore investigated the clinical significance of changes in CECs count after three cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 89 naive NSCLC patients at diagnosis and after chemotherapy. The CECs were quantified by an immuno-magnetic technique and fluorescent microscopy. After chemotherapy, patients were assessed according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors as partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) or progression disease (PD). RESULTS Baseline CECs levels were significantly higher in PR patients (n = 62) than those in patients with SD/PD (n = 27) (p = 0.0007). Although there was no significant correlation between baseline CECs levels and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.287), patients with high percentage change in CECs count after chemotherapy had significantly longer PFS than those with low percentage change (p = 0.048). Regarding treatment efficacy, CECs count significantly decreased after chemotherapy in comparison with CECs count at baseline in patients with PR (p < 0.0001). By contrast, CECs levels after chemotherapy were significantly higher than those at diagnosis in patients with PD (p = 0.002). Moreover, there was no significant change between pre- and post-treatment CECs amount in patients with SD (p = 0.681). CONCLUSIONS Baseline CECs levels might be an early predictive biomarker for treatment efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients. Our results suggest the change in CECs count after chemotherapy as a prognostic factor for tumor response and PFS in NSCLC.
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AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Mehdi AY, Hafeez MH. Assessment methods for angiogenesis and current approaches for its quantification. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46:251-6. [PMID: 24987169 PMCID: PMC4071699 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiological process which describes the development of new blood vessels from the existing vessels. It is a common and the most important process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in the healing of wounds and granulation of tissues. The different assays for the evaluation of angiogenesis have been described with distinct advantages and some limitations. In order to develop angiogenic and antiangiogenic techniques, continuous efforts have been resulted to give animal models for more quantitative analysis of angiogenesis. Most of the studies on angiogenic inducers and inhibitors rely on various models, both in vitro, in vivo and in ova, as indicators of efficacy. The angiogenesis assays are very much helpful to test efficacy of both pro- and anti- angiogenic agents. The development of non-invasive procedures for quantification of angiogenesis will facilitate this process significantly. The main objective of this review article is to focus on the novel and existing methods of angiogenesis and their quantification techniques. These findings will be helpful to establish the most convenient methods for the detection, quantification of angiogenesis and to develop a novel, well tolerated and cost effective anti-angiogenic treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Yousaf Mehdi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Guo L, Ning W, Tan Z, Gong Z, Li X. Mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase axis-induced neointimal growth. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ajeawung NF, Mononen L, Thorn A, Pin AL, Joshi HC, Huot J, Kamnasaran D. In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Investigations of the Microtubule Binding Drug Targetin on Angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:41-47. [PMID: 24749126 PMCID: PMC3991473 DOI: 10.14205/2309-3021.2013.01.01.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Intervention aimed at disrupting or inhibiting newly formed vascular network is highly desired to attenuate the progression of angiogenesis-dependent diseases. In cancer, this is tightly associated with the generation of VEGF by hypoxia inducible factor-1α following its activation by hypoxia. In light of the multiple cellular roles played by microtubules and their involvement in the processing of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α transcript, modulation of microtubule dynamics is emerging as a logical approach to suppress tumor reliance on angiogenesis. Targetin is a novel noscapinoid that interferes with microtubule dynamicity and inhibits the growth of cell lines from many types of cancers. Methods and Results Utilizing in-vitro and ex-vivo angiogenic models, we discovered the vascular disrupting and anti-angiogenic properties of Targetin. Targetin disrupted pre-assembled capillary-like networks of human endothelial cells by severing cell-cell junctions, inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and metabolic activity in the presence and absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Furthermore, we show that Targetin significantly inhibits the formation of neovasculature network sprouting from rat aortic explants stimulated with proangiogenic stimuli, namely VEGF or bFGF. Conclusion We conclude that Targetin is a potential clinically promising anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of many diseases including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Ajeawung
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lotta Mononen
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Andrea Thorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Pin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Harish C Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacques Huot
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada ; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biology and Pathology, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Deepak Kamnasaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Tripathi CKM, Banga J, Mishra V. Microbial heparin/heparan sulphate lyases: potential and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:307-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Embryonic vasculogenesis in nodular melanomas and tumour differentiation. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:569-77. [PMID: 21203906 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of vasculogenic mimicry to pigment in nodular vertical growth phase [VGP] cutaneous melanomas is assessed in this study. 10 nodules each from 27 tumors, 15 pigmented and 12 amelanotic were sampled in proportion to the pigment level. Serial frozen and paraffin sections subjected to HE, Reticulin, PAS to assess the vascular pattern; Dopa Oxidase and Immunopositivity for HMB45, LN5 [laminin 5] & integrin[α(5)β(1)], and EM [electron microscopy] to identify Weibel-Palade bodies within endothelial cells. The vascular pattern, pigment and the immunopositivity was mapped to assess the percentage VM [vasculogenic sinusoids] vs INC [incorporated microvasculature]. In pigmented melanomas, INC from pre-existing stromal vessels is predominant. Amelanotic melanomas show embryonic vasculogenic mimicry, a self-propagating system of spaces within the sheets of tumors cells. Both INC and VM co-exist in tumors with both amelanotic and melanotic nodules. In areas with VM, loci of LN5 and α(5)β(1) integrin positive cells appear within the proliferating columns, positivity in these cells suggesting a switch to a more aggressive form. Irregular spaces appear lined by tumor cells, with initial hemopoeitic activity, coalesce and interlink into tubular networks. Spaces lined by tumor cells extend into an intricate network which then connects with the angiogenetic system. The tumor cells lining the vasculogenic spaces are positive for LN5, α(5)β(1) integrin. Statistically, INC is significantly higher in pigmented melanomas, whereas amelanotic melanomas show significantly higher VM. Pigmentation is correlated positively with INC and negatively with VM. INC and VM are negatively correlated with each other.
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Gao ZXZ, Huang DY, Li HX, Zhang LN, Lv YH, Cui HD, Zheng JH. Scutellarin promotes in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao T, Zhao W, Chen Y, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors involved in cardiac angiogenesis following infarction. Int J Cardiol 2010; 152:307-13. [PMID: 20674996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1/FGF-2) promote angiogenesis in cancer. Angiogenesis is integral to cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). The potential regulation of FGF-1/FGF-2 in cardiac angiogenesis postMI remains unexplored. Herein, we examined the temporal and spatial expression of FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGF receptors (FGFR) in the infarcted rat heart at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 postMI. FGF-1/-2 gene and protein expression, cells expressing FGF-1/-2 and FGFR expression were examined by quantitative in situ hybridization, RT-PCR; western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative in vitro autoradiography. Compared to the normal heart, we found that in the border zone and infarcted myocardium 1) FGF-1 gene expression was increased in the first week postMI and returned to control levels at week 2; FGF-1 protein levels were, however, largely reduced at day 1, then elevated at day 3 peaked at day 7 and declined at day 14; and cells expressing FGF-1 were primarily inflammatory cells; 2) FGF-2 gene expression was significantly elevated from day 1 to day 14; the increase in FGF-2 protein level was most evident at day 7 and cells expressing FGF-2 were primarily endothelial cells; 3) FGFR expression started to increase at day 3 and remained elevated thereafter; and 4) FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGFR expression remained unchanged in the noninfarcted myocardium. Thus, FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGFR expression are enhanced in the infarcted myocardium in the early stage after MI, which is spatially and temporally coincident with angiogenesis, suggesting that FGF-1/FGF-2 are involved in regulating cardiac angiogenesis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave., Rm B324, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
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Jung HJ, Sa JH, Song YS, Shim TH, Park EH, Lim CJ. Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-nociceptive activities of the chloroform fraction of a methanol extract fromRosa davuricaPall. leaves in experimental animal models. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:186-92. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.491516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhao T, Zhao W, Chen Y, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A: role on cardiac angiogenesis following myocardial infarction. Microvasc Res 2010; 80:188-94. [PMID: 20362592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study is to determine the regulatory role of VEGF-A in cardiac angiogenesis following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac angiogenic response and temporal/spatial expression of VEGF-A/VEGF receptors (VEGFR) were examined at 1, 2, 6, 12 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days postMI. We found that following MI, newly formed vessels first appeared at the border zone between noninfarcted and infarcted myocardium as early as day 3 and subsequently in the infarcted myocardium. Vascular density in the infarcted myocardium peaked at day 7 and then gradually declined. VEGF-A mRNA started to increase at the border zone at 2 h postMI, reached peak at 12 h, declined at day 1, and returned to normal levels at day 2 and thereafter. VEGF-A protein levels at the border zone were only increased during day 1 postMI. VEGF-A within the infarcted myocardium levels, however, was persistently suppressed postMI. VEGFR expression was significantly increased only at the border zone at day 1, but not in the later stages. The expression of VEGF-A/VEGFR remained unchanged in the noninfarcted myocardium. Thus, the early rise of VEGF-A/VEGFR at the border zone suggests that VEGF-A initiates the cardiac angiogenic response postMI, but short-lived VEGF-A/VEGFR activation at the border zone and consistently suppressed VEGF-A within the infarcted myocardium suggests that VEGF-A may not be crucial to the later stages of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Zhao W, Zhao T, Chen Y, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Reactive oxygen species promote angiogenesis in the infarcted rat heart. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:621-9. [PMID: 19758416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote cardiac angiogenesis following myocardial infarction (MI) and contribute to cardiac repair. Rats with MI were treated with or without antioxidants, tempol and apocynin. Hearts of these rats were collected at days 2, 4, 7 and 14 post-MI. We examined the spatial and temporal relationship between oxidative stress and angiogenesis as well as the potential regulation of ROS in cardiac angiogenesis. We found: (i) following MI, gp91(phox), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, a key enzyme for ROS production, was significantly increased in the border zone at day 2, followed by the infarcted myocardium at day 4, peaked at day 7 and declined at day 14, while superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced; (ii) malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium at day 7; (iii) pre-existing blood vessels in the infarcted myocardium underwent necrosis post-MI, whereas newly formed vessels appeared at the border zone at day 4, and then extended into the infarcted myocardium, where microvascular density peaked at day 7 and (iv) antioxidant treatment significantly reduced microvascular density in the infarcted myocardium at day 7. These observations suggest that following MI, angiogenesis is mostly active in the infarcted myocardium in the first week, which is temporally and spatially coincident with enhanced ROS. Suppression of angiogenesis by antioxidants indicates that ROS promote angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium and contribute to cardiac repair. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms responsible for ROS-mediated cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Stromal expression of MMP-13 is required for melanoma invasion and metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2686-93. [PMID: 19516266 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis of malignant melanoma have been shown to require proteolytic degradation of the extracellular environment achieved primarily by enzymes of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. We have earlier shown that increased enzyme activity is localized at the border of tumor cells and the adjacent peritumoral connective tissue, emphasizing the importance of tumor-stroma interactions in the regulation of MMP activity. To confirm the role of stroma-derived MMP-13 in the invasion process, we investigated the invasiveness of melanoma cells upon intradermal injection in mice with complete inactivation of MMP-13. Tumor growth was significantly impaired in mmp-13(-/-) mice and most significant at early time points as compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, metastasis to various organs was reduced to 17.6 vs 30% in lungs, 2.9 vs 30% in the liver. Strikingly, ablation of MMP-13 completely abrogated formation of metastasis in the heart (0 vs 40%). Notably, decreased tumor growth in mmp-13(-/-) mice was associated with reduced blood vessel density. In addition, decreased blood vessel permeability in the tumors was measured by magnetic resonance imaging of tumor-bearing animals. These data suggest an important role of MMP-13 in tumor growth and an unexpected role in organ-specific metastasis of melanoma cells.
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Hong SJ, Wan JB, Zhang Y, Hu G, Lin HC, Seto SW, Kwan YW, Lin ZX, Wang YT, Lee SMY. Angiogenic effect of saponin extract from Panax notoginseng on HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Phytother Res 2009; 23:677-86. [PMID: 19107746 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in a wide range of physiological processes such as wound healing and fetal development. In fact, many diseases are associated with imbalance in the regulation of angiogenesis in which there is either excessive or insufficient blood vessel formation. Panax notoginseng, a blood circulation invigorating herb, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat circulation-related diseases. However, the biological effects of saponin extract from Panax notoginseng (PNS) on angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. This investigation describes the angiogenic effects of PNS on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. The 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)5[(phenylamino)carbonyl]2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and microscopic cell counting demonstrated that the extract was able to stimulate the proliferation of HUVECs. Meanwhile, the numbers of invaded cells and tube branches were significantly increased in PNS treatment groups. PNS was also shown to promote changes in the subintestinal vessels, a feature of angiogenesis, in zebrafish. In addition, by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PNS was found to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase-domain region/fetal liver kinase-1 in mice (KDR/Flk-1) mRNA expression, and the PNS-induced HUVECs proliferation could be abolished by a KDR/Flk-1 inhibitor. Furthermore, the proliferation of HUVECs induced by PNS was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of PI3K-Akt-eNOS. All the results suggest that PNS can promote angiogenesis, and that the proangiogenic effects involve the VEGF-KDR/Flk-1 and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Hong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira SJ, Taipa, Macao, China
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Particular Treatment Procedures. CONCISE MANUAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY 2008. [PMCID: PMC7121817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-73277-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim YM, Namkoong S, Yun YG, Hong HD, Lee YC, Ha KS, Lee H, Kwon HJ, Kwon YG, Kim YM. Water extract of Korean red ginseng stimulates angiogenesis by activating the PI3K/Akt-dependent ERK1/2 and eNOS pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1674-9. [PMID: 17827719 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for promoting cardiovascular disease, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng water extract (KRGE) on angiogenesis and its underlying signal mechanism. KRGE increased in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as well as stimulated in vivo angiogenesis without increasing VEGF expression. KRGE-induced angiogenesis was accompanied by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Akt), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as an increase in NO production. Inhibition of PI3K activity by wortmannin completely inhibited KRGE-induced angiogenesis and phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and eNOS, indicating that PI3K/Akt activation is an upstream event of the KRGE-mediated angiogenic pathway. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 blocked KRGE-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting Akt and eNOS activation. However, the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine effectively inhibited tube formation, but partially blocked proliferation and migration as well as ERK phosphorylation, without altering Akt and eNOS activation, revealing that the eNOS/NO pathway is partially involved in ERK1/2 activation. This study demonstrated that KRGE stimulates in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through the activation of the PI3K/Akt-dependent ERK1/2 and eNOS signal pathways and their cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
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Chidlow JH, Shukla D, Grisham MB, Kevil CG. Pathogenic angiogenesis in IBD and experimental colitis: new ideas and therapeutic avenues. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G5-G18. [PMID: 17463183 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is now understood to play a major role in the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases and is indicated to exacerbate disease pathology. Recent evidence shows that angiogenesis is crucial during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in experimental models of colitis. Examination of the relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation in experimental colitis shows that initiating factors for these responses simultaneously increase as disease progresses and correlate in magnitude. Recent studies show that inhibition of the inflammatory response attenuates angiogenesis to a similar degree and, importantly, that inhibition of angiogenesis does the same to inflammation. Recent data provide evidence that differential regulation of the angiogenic mediators involved in IBD-associated chronic inflammation is the root of this pathological angiogenesis. Many factors are involved in this phenomenon, including growth factors/cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, integrins, matrix-associated molecules, and signaling targets. These factors are produced by various vascular, inflammatory, and immune cell types that are involved in IBD pathology. Moreover, recent studies provide evidence that antiangiogenic therapy is a novel and effective approach for IBD treatment. Here we review the role of pathological angiogenesis during IBD and experimental colitis and discuss the therapeutic avenues this recent knowledge has revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Chidlow
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Dome B, Timar J, Dobos J, Meszaros L, Raso E, Paku S, Kenessey I, Ostoros G, Magyar M, Ladanyi A, Bogos K, Tovari J. Identification and clinical significance of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:7341-7. [PMID: 16849585 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, it was generally accepted that vascularization of tumors arises exclusively from endothelial sprouting. Whether circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been evaluated. EPCs labeled with CD34, CD133, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) antibodies were counted by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 53 NSCLC patients. Furthermore, by means of a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach, we measured VEGFR2, CD133, CD34, and VE-cadherin mRNA in the peripheral blood samples of the same patient population. EPCs in tumor samples were identified by confocal microscopy using CD31, CD34, CD133, and VEGFR2 antibodies. Although immunofluorescent labeling of microvessels made clear that incorporation of EPCs is a rare phenomenon in NSCLC tissue (9 of 22 cases), circulating EPC levels before therapeutic intervention were increased in NSCLC patients (P < 0.002, versus healthy controls), and high pretreatment circulating EPC numbers correlated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the subgroup of responders to treatment, the posttreatment EPC numbers in the peripheral blood were significantly lower compared with nonresponding patients. Interestingly, pretreatment mRNA levels of CD133, VE-cadherin, and CD34 were not significantly increased in NSCLC patients, whereas VEGFR2 expression was increased by 80-fold. Moreover, posttreatment VEGFR2 mRNA level in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in the subgroup of nonresponding patients when compared with posttreatment level of patients responding to antitumor therapy. Circulating levels of bone marrow-derived EPCs are significantly increased in NSCLC patients and correlate with clinical behavior.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD34/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Cadherins/blood
- Cadherins/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Glycoproteins/blood
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Peptides/blood
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/biosynthesis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Saif MW, Mehra R. Incidence and management of bevacizumab-related toxicities in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2006; 5:553-66. [PMID: 16774493 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.5.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab, a recombinant, humanised monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, when used in combination with intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) improves survival. In a randomised, placebo-controlled Phase III study, the addition of bevacizumab to irinotecan/5-FU/leucovorin (IFL) resulted in significant improvement in survival compared with IFL alone, which led to its approval for first-line use in CRC. Bevacizumab also demonstrates improved efficacy in combination with 5-FU/LV over chemotherapy alone when data were pooled from two randomised Phase II studies utilising bevacizumab with 5-FU/leucovorin, and also in a third treatment arm of bevacizumab/5-FU/LV of a randomised Phase III study. More recently, in the second-line setting, bevacizumab in combination with FOLFOX improved survival from 10.8 to 12.9 months in the ECOG 3200 trial. Clinical activity with the addition of bevacizumab to oxaliplatin and either 5-FU or capecitabine-based regimens has also been shown in TREE-2, and activity with the combination of bevacizumab and the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab has been documented in BOND-2. In this study, bevacizumab was generally well-tolerated with no unexpected toxicities when combined with cetuximab. A few toxicities were uniformly encountered in all of the above studies, in particular grade 3 medically-manageable hypertension (3 - 16%). In addition, other toxicities were haemorrhage (2 - 9.3%), gastrointestinal perforation (1.5%), arterial thromboembolism (3.8%), wound healing (1 - 2%) and proteinuria (1 - 2%). As bevacizumab is becoming widely used in general oncology practice, it is important to understand the toxicities which can arise and to develop practice guidelines for their management. This review addresses the toxicities noted in trials using bevacizumab for the treatment of CRC and provides recommendations for toxicity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wasif Saif
- Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 116, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Millanta F, Silvestri G, Vaselli C, Citi S, Pisani G, Lorenzi D, Poli A. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor Flk-1/KDR in promoting tumour angiogenesis in feline and canine mammary carcinomas: a preliminary study of autocrine and paracrine loops. Res Vet Sci 2006; 81:350-7. [PMID: 16556453 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 12/27/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and are up-regulated in a number of tumours in humans and in particular, breast cancer. We therefore evaluated the prognostic potential of the angiogenetic process in feline and canine mammary carcinomas by the immunohistochemical assessment of VEGF expression and micro vessel density (MVD) quantification and examined the interplay between VEGF and KDR. These variables were related to some relevant clinicopathological parameters and to overall survival (OS). VEGF and KDR expression were evaluated in epithelial, stromal and endothelial compartments in order to identify autocrine and/or paracrine loops. In dogs an increased VEGF expression did not show any statistical correlation with the clinicopathological parameters examined and was not correlated to a poorer prognosis. MVD was found to be significantly correlated to the histologic type (P=0.04), tumour grading (P=0.02), and to the OS (P=0.01). In cats VEGF expression was significantly correlated to tumor grading (P=0.01) and OS (P=0.03), while no significant associations were found between MVD and the other parameters. VEGF and KDR were found to be detected on the epithelial, and/or endothelial and/or stromal cells of the carcinomas in both species, suggesting indications for some possible autocrine and paracrine loops. Our results encourage further studies on the possible prognostic role of VEGF and MVD in canine and feline mammary tumours and on the role of growth factors and their receptors in promoting tumour proliferation and an "angiogenetic shift". The VEGF/KDR system may play a role in malignant transformation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Millanta
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Eckhardt S. Molecular targeted therapy: A strategy of disillusions or optimism? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 147:108-13. [PMID: 16503239 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs were designed to kill tumor cells, whereas agents of molecular targeted therapy inhibit various molecular functions of the tumor cell. Consequently, their toxicity profiles also differ. Molecular targeted agents, except for monoclonal antibodies, are enumerated here in three classes: compounds active extracellularly, extra/intracellularly, and intracellularly. Although no major breakthrough has occurred in the drug treatment of neoplastic diseases yet, such compounds as trastuzumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, gefitinib, erlotinib, imatinib, and bortezomib have shown considerable clinical promise. Major obstacles to the further development of molecular targeted compounds are described. The use of different endpoints, positron emission tomography for evaluation, and predictive genetic markers are recommended. Combination therapy with cytotoxic drugs and studies in an adjuvant setting are also recommended. It is concluded that cautious optimism about the future of molecular targeted therapy is reasonable.
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