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Pergande MR, Osterbauer KJ, Buck KM, Roberts DS, Wood NN, Balasubramanian P, Mann MW, Rossler KJ, Diffee GM, Colman RJ, Anderson RM, Ge Y. Mass Spectrometry-Based Multiomics Identifies Metabolic Signatures of Sarcopenia in Rhesus Monkey Skeletal Muscle. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2845-2856. [PMID: 37991985 PMCID: PMC11109024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive disorder characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although significant progress has been made over the years to identify the molecular determinants of sarcopenia, the precise mechanisms underlying the age-related loss of contractile function remains unclear. Advances in "omics" technologies, including mass spectrometry-based proteomic and metabolomic analyses, offer great opportunities to better understand sarcopenia. Herein, we performed mass spectrometry-based analyses of the vastus lateralis from young, middle-aged, and older rhesus monkeys to identify molecular signatures of sarcopenia. In our proteomic analysis, we identified proteins that change with age, including those involved in adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate metabolism as well as fatty acid beta oxidation. In our untargeted metabolomic analysis, we identified metabolites that changed with age largely related to energy metabolism including fatty acid beta oxidation. Pathway analysis of age-responsive proteins and metabolites revealed changes in muscle structure and contraction as well as lipid, carbohydrate, and purine metabolism. Together, this study discovers new metabolic signatures and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia for the evaluation and monitoring of a therapeutic treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Pergande
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katie J. Osterbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin M. Buck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nina N. Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Morgan W. Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kalina J. Rossler
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Rozalyn M. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Melby JA, Brown KA, Gregorich ZR, Roberts DS, Chapman EA, Ehlers LE, Gao Z, Larson EJ, Jin Y, Lopez JR, Hartung J, Zhu Y, McIlwain SJ, Wang D, Guo W, Diffee GM, Ge Y. High sensitivity top-down proteomics captures single muscle cell heterogeneity in large proteoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2222081120. [PMID: 37126723 PMCID: PMC10175728 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2222081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics has emerged as a powerful method to characterize cellular phenotypic heterogeneity and the cell-specific functional networks underlying biological processes. However, significant challenges remain in single-cell proteomics for the analysis of proteoforms arising from genetic mutations, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. Herein, we have developed a highly sensitive functionally integrated top-down proteomics method for the comprehensive analysis of proteoforms from single cells. We applied this method to single muscle fibers (SMFs) to resolve their heterogeneous functional and proteomic properties at the single-cell level. Notably, we have detected single-cell heterogeneity in large proteoforms (>200 kDa) from the SMFs. Using SMFs obtained from three functionally distinct muscles, we found fiber-to-fiber heterogeneity among the sarcomeric proteoforms which can be related to the functional heterogeneity. Importantly, we detected multiple isoforms of myosin heavy chain (~223 kDa), a motor protein that drives muscle contraction, with high reproducibility to enable the classification of individual fiber types. This study reveals single muscle cell heterogeneity in large proteoforms and establishes a direct relationship between sarcomeric proteoforms and muscle fiber types, highlighting the potential of top-down proteomics for uncovering the molecular underpinnings of cell-to-cell variation in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A. Melby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Zachery R. Gregorich
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Emily A. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Lauren E. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Eli J. Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Justin R. Lopez
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Jared Hartung
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Sean J. McIlwain
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | | | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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3
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Thermal acclimation in brook trout myotomal muscle varies with fiber type and age. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111354. [PMID: 36464087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As climate change alters the thermal environment of the planet, interest has grown in how animals may mitigate the impact of a changing environment on physiological function. Thermal acclimation to a warm environment may, for instance, blunt the impact of a warming environment on metabolism by allowing a fish to shift to slower isoforms of functionally significant proteins such as myosin heavy chain. The thermal acclimation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was examined by comparing swimming performance, myotomal muscle contraction kinetics and muscle histology in groups of fish acclimated to 4, 10 and 20 °C. Brook trout show a significant acclimation response in their maximum aerobic swimming performance (Ucrit), with acclimation to warm water leading to lower Ucrit values. Maximum muscle shortening velocity (Vmax) decreased significantly with warm acclimation for both red or slow-twitch and white or fast-twitch muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis of myotomal muscle suggests changes in myosin expression underly the thermal acclimation of swimming performance and contraction kinetics. Physiological and histological data suggest a robust acclimation response to a warming environment, one that would reduce the added metabolic costs incurred by an ectotherm when environmental temperature rises for sustained periods of time.
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Huang Q, Huang X, Liu L, Wang G, Song H, Geng F, Luo P. Effect of nano eggshell calcium on the structure, physicochemical, and gel properties of threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) actomyosin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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D’Amico D, Fiore R, Caporossi D, Di Felice V, Cappello F, Dimauro I, Barone R. Function and Fiber-Type Specific Distribution of Hsp60 and αB-Crystallin in Skeletal Muscles: Role of Physical Exercise. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020077. [PMID: 33494467 PMCID: PMC7911561 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Skeletal muscle represents about 40% of the body mass in humans and it is a copious and plastic tissue, rich in proteins that are subject to continuous rearrangements. Physical exercise is considered a physiological stressor for different organs, in particular for skeletal muscle, and it is a factor able to stimulate the cellular remodeling processes related to the phenomenon of adaptation. All cells respond to various stress conditions by up-regulating the expression and/or activation of a group of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). Although their expression is induced by several stimuli, they are commonly recognized as HSPs due to the first experiments showing their increased transcription after application of heat shock. These proteins are molecular chaperones mainly involved in assisting protein transport and folding, assembling multimolecular complexes, and triggering protein degradation by proteasome. Among the HSPs, a special attention needs to be devoted to Hsp60 and αB-crystallin, proteins constitutively expressed in the skeletal muscle, where they are known to be important in muscle physiopathology. Therefore, here we provide a critical update on their role in skeletal muscle fibers after physical exercise, highlighting the control of their expression, their biological function, and their specific distribution within skeletal muscle fiber-types. Abstract Skeletal muscle is a plastic and complex tissue, rich in proteins that are subject to continuous rearrangements. Skeletal muscle homeostasis can be affected by different types of stresses, including physical activity, a physiological stressor able to stimulate a robust increase in different heat shock proteins (HSPs). The modulation of these proteins appears to be fundamental in facilitating the cellular remodeling processes related to the phenomenon of training adaptations such as hypertrophy, increased oxidative capacity, and mitochondrial activity. Among the HSPs, a special attention needs to be devoted to Hsp60 and αB-crystallin (CRYAB), proteins constitutively expressed in the skeletal muscle, where their specific features could be highly relevant in understanding the impact of different volumes of training regimes on myofiber types and in explaining the complex picture of exercise-induced mechanical strain and damaging conditions on fiber population. This knowledge could lead to a better personalization of training protocols with an optimal non-harmful workload in populations of individuals with different needs and healthy status. Here, we introduce for the first time to the reader these peculiar HSPs from the perspective of exercise response, highlighting the control of their expression, biological function, and specific distribution within skeletal muscle fiber-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Amico
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Roberto Fiore
- Postgraduate School of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
| | - Rosario Barone
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
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Hittle KA, Kwon ES, Coughlin DJ. Climate change and anadromous fish: How does thermal acclimation affect the mechanics of the myotomal muscle of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:311-318. [PMID: 33465296 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In response to accelerated temperature shifts due to climate change, the survival of many species will require forms of thermal acclimation to their changing environment. We were interested in how climate change will impact a commercially and recreationally important species of fish, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). As climate change alters the thermal environment of their natal streams, we asked how their muscle function will be altered by extended exposure to both warm and cold temperatures. We performed a thermal acclimation study of S. salar muscle mechanics of both fast-twitch, or white, and slow-twitch, or red, myotomal muscle bundles to investigate how temperature acclimated Atlantic salmon would respond across a range of different temperatures. Isometric contraction properties, maximum shortening velocity, and oscillatory power output were measured and compared amongst three groups of salmon-warm acclimated (20°C), cold-acclimated (2°C), and those at their rearing temperature (12°C). The Atlantic salmon showed limited thermal acclimation in their contraction kinetics, and some of the shifts in contractile properties that were observed would not be predicted to mitigate the impact of a warming environment. For instance, the maximum shortening velocity at a common test temperature was higher in the warm acclimated group and lower in the cold-acclimated group. In addition, critical swimming speed did not vary with temperature of acclimation when tested at a common temperature (12°C). Our results suggest that Atlantic salmon populations will continue to struggle in response to a warming environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hittle
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Kwon
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Coughlin
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Thermal acclimation of rainbow trout myotomal muscle, can trout acclimate to a warming environment? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 245:110702. [PMID: 32278083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a looming threat to the planet. Cold-water aquatic species will face significant physiological challenges due to elevated summer temperatures. Salmonids, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) maintain fidelity to native streams, limiting their ability to mitigate the impact of climate change through migration. We examined how rainbow trout swimming performance and muscle function were shaped by the thermal environment. We hypothesized that trout would show slower muscle contractile properties and slower swimming performance with long-term exposure to warmer water. For fish held at either 10 °C or 20 °C, maximum steady swimming speed (Ucrit) was determined, and contractile properties of both fast-twitch (white) and slow-twitch (red) myotomal muscle were examined. In addition, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR were used to assess changes in myosin content of the myotomal muscle in response to holding temperature. Rainbow trout exposed to warm water for six weeks displayed relatively limited thermal acclimation response. When tested at a common temperature (10 °C), 20 °C acclimated fish had modestly slower muscle performance compared to 10 °C acclimated fish. Significant differences in swimming performance and muscle contractile properties were primarily at colder test temperatures (e.g. 2 °C for muscle mechanics). Shifts in myosin heavy chain protein composition and myosin heavy chain gene expression in the swimming muscle were observed in white but not red muscle. Our results suggest that rainbow trout will have a limited ability to mitigate elevated environmental temperature through thermal acclimation of their myotomal or swimming muscle.
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8
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Melby JA, Jin Y, Lin Z, Tucholski T, Wu Z, Gregorich ZR, Diffee GM, Ge Y. Top-Down Proteomics Reveals Myofilament Proteoform Heterogeneity among Various Rat Skeletal Muscle Tissues. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:446-454. [PMID: 31647247 PMCID: PMC7487979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in skeletal muscle contraction time, peak power output, and resistance to fatigue, among others, is necessary to accommodate the wide range of functional demands imposed on the body. Underlying this functional heterogeneity are a myriad of differences in the myofilament protein isoform expression and post-translational modifications; yet, characterizing this heterogeneity remains challenging. Herein, we have utilized top-down liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to characterize myofilament proteoform heterogeneity in seven rat skeletal muscle tissues including vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris. Top-down proteomics revealed that myofilament proteoforms varied greatly across the seven different rat skeletal muscle tissues. Subsequently, we quantified and characterized myofilament proteoforms using online LC-MS. We have comprehensively characterized the fast and slow skeletal troponin I isoforms, which demonstrates the ability of top-down MS to decipher isoforms with high sequence homology. Taken together, we have shown that top-down proteomics can be used as a robust and high-throughput method to characterize the molecular heterogeneity of myofilament proteoforms from various skeletal muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A. Melby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Trisha Tucholski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Zachery R. Gregorich
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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Gao R, Shi T, Sun Q, Li X, McClements DJ, Yuan L. Effects of l-arginine and l-histidine on heat-induced aggregation of fish myosin: Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Food Chem 2019; 295:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Coughlin D, Nicastro L, Brookes P, Bradley M, Shuman J, Steirer E, Mistry H. Thermal acclimation and gene expression in rainbow smelt: Changes in the myotomal transcriptome in the cold. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schilder RJ, Stewart H. Parasitic gut infection in Libellula pulchella causes functional and molecular resemblance of dragonfly flight muscle to skeletal muscle of obese vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.188508. [PMID: 30659084 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.188508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the existence of a naturally occurring metabolic disease phenotype in Libellula pulchella dragonflies that shows high similarity to vertebrate obesity and type II diabetes, and is caused by a protozoan gut parasite. To further mechanistic understanding of how this metabolic disease phenotype affects fitness of male L. pulchella in vivo, we examined infection effects on in situ muscle performance and molecular traits relevant to dragonfly flight performance in nature. Importantly, these traits were previously shown to be affected in obese vertebrates. Similarly to obesity effects in rat skeletal muscle, dragonfly gut infection caused a disruption of relationships between body mass, flight muscle power output and alternative pre-mRNA splicing of troponin T, which affects muscle calcium sensitivity and performance in insects and vertebrates. In addition, when simulated in situ to contract at cycle frequencies ranging from 20 to 45 Hz, flight muscles of infected individuals displayed a left shift in power-cycle frequency curves, indicating a significant reduction in their optimal cycle frequency. Interestingly, these power-cycle curves were similar to those produced by flight muscles of non-infected teneral (i.e. physiologically immature) adult L. pulchella males. Overall, our results indicate that the effects of metabolic disease on skeletal muscle physiology in natural insect systems are similar to those observed in vertebrates maintained in laboratory settings. More generally, they indicate that study of natural, host-parasite interactions can contribute important insight into how environmental factors other than diet and exercise may contribute to the development of metabolic disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schilder
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA .,Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hannah Stewart
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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13
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Proteomic profiling of oxidized cysteine and methionine residues by hydroxyl radicals in myosin of pork. Food Chem 2018; 243:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Wei L, Gregorich ZR, Lin Z, Cai W, Jin Y, McKiernan SH, McIlwain S, Aiken JM, Moss RL, Diffee GM, Ge Y. Novel Sarcopenia-related Alterations in Sarcomeric Protein Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) in Skeletal Muscles Identified by Top-down Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:134-145. [PMID: 29046390 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a significant cause of morbidity in the elderly and is a major burden on health care systems. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms in sarcopenia remain poorly understood. Herein, we utilized top-down proteomics to elucidate sarcopenia-related changes in the fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles of aging rats with a focus on the sarcomeric proteome, which includes both myofilament and Z-disc proteins-the proteins that constitute the contractile apparatuses. Top-down quantitative proteomics identified significant changes in the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of critical myofilament proteins in the fast-twitch skeletal muscles of aging rats, in accordance with the vulnerability of fast-twitch muscles to sarcopenia. Surprisingly, age-related alterations in the phosphorylation of Cypher isoforms, proteins that localize to the Z-discs in striated muscles, were also noted in the fast-twitch skeletal muscle of aging rats. This represents the first report of changes in the phosphorylation of Z-disc proteins in skeletal muscle during aging. In addition, increased glutathionylation of slow skeletal troponin I, a novel modification that may help protect against oxidative damage, was observed in slow-twitch skeletal muscles. Furthermore, we have identified and characterized novel muscle type-specific proteoforms of myofilament proteins and Z-disc proteins, including a novel isoform of the Z-disc protein Enigma. The finding that the phosphorylation of Z-disc proteins is altered in response to aging in the fast-twitch skeletal muscles of aging rats opens new avenues for the investigation of the role of Z-discs in age-related muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wei
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,§Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,¶Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Ziqing Lin
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,‖Human Proteomics Program,University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,¶Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Yutong Jin
- **Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Susan H McKiernan
- ‡‡Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Sean McIlwain
- §§Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53792.,¶¶UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53792
| | - Judd M Aiken
- ‖‖Departments of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta-Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard L Moss
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,‖Human Proteomics Program,University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Gary M Diffee
- ‡‡Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Ying Ge
- From the ‡Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705; .,¶Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,‖Human Proteomics Program,University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,**Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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15
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Jin Y, Wei L, Cai W, Lin Z, Wu Z, Peng Y, Kohmoto T, Moss RL, Ge Y. Complete Characterization of Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain (223 kDa) Enabled by Size-Exclusion Chromatography and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4922-4930. [PMID: 28366003 PMCID: PMC5526197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain (MHC), the major component of the myosin motor molecule, plays an essential role in force production during muscle contraction. However, a comprehensive analysis of MHC proteoforms arising from sequence variations and post-translational modifications (PTMs) remains challenging due to the difficulties in purifying MHC (∼223 kDa) and achieving complete sequence coverage. Herein, we have established a strategy to effectively purify and comprehensively characterize MHC from heart tissue by combining size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and middle-down mass spectrometry (MS). First, we have developed a MS-compatible SEC method for purifying MHC from heart tissue with high efficiency. Next, we have optimized the Glu-C, Asp-N, and trypsin limited digestion conditions for middle-down MS. Subsequently, we have applied this strategy with optimized conditions to comprehensively characterize human MHC and identified β-MHC as the predominant isoform in human left ventricular tissue. Full sequence coverage based on highly accurate mass measurements has been achieved using middle-down MS combining 1 Glu-C, 1 Asp-N, and 1 trypsin digestion. Three different PTMs: acetylation, methylation, and trimethylation were identified in human β-MHC and the corresponding sites were localized to the N-terminal Gly, Lys34, and Lys129, respectively, by electron capture dissociation (ECD). Taken together, we have demonstrated this strategy is highly efficient for purification and characterization of MHC, which can be further applied to studies of the role of MHC proteoforms in muscle-related diseases. We also envision that this integrated SEC/middle-down MS strategy can be extended for the characterization of other large proteins over 200 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Liming Wei
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Takushi Kohmoto
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Richard L. Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Steady, dynamic, and creep-recovery rheological properties of myofibrillar protein from grass carp muscle. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Gregorich ZR, Peng Y, Cai W, Jin Y, Wei L, Chen AJ, McKiernan SH, Aiken JM, Moss RL, Diffee GM, Ge Y. Top-Down Targeted Proteomics Reveals Decrease in Myosin Regulatory Light-Chain Phosphorylation That Contributes to Sarcopenic Muscle Dysfunction. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2706-16. [PMID: 27362462 PMCID: PMC4975644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age, is a significant cause of disability and loss of independence in the elderly and thus, represents a formidable challenge for the aging population. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sarcopenia-associated muscle dysfunction remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed an integrated approach combining top-down targeted proteomics with mechanical measurements to dissect the molecular mechanism(s) in age-related muscle dysfunction. Top-down targeted proteomic analysis uncovered a progressive age-related decline in the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), a critical protein involved in the modulation of muscle contractility, in the skeletal muscle of aging rats. Top-down tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified a previously unreported bis-phosphorylated proteoform of fast skeletal RLC and localized the sites of decreasing phosphorylation to Ser14/15. Of these sites, Ser14 phosphorylation represents a previously unidentified site of phosphorylation in RLC from fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Subsequent mechanical analysis of single fast-twitch fibers isolated from the muscles of rats of different ages revealed that the observed decline in RLC phosphorylation can account for age-related decreases in the contractile properties of sarcopenic fast-twitch muscles. These results strongly support a role for decreasing RLC phosphorylation in sarcopenia-associated muscle dysfunction and suggest that therapeutic modulation of RLC phosphorylation may represent a new avenue for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R. Gregorich
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Liming Wei
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Albert J. Chen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Susan H. McKiernan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Judd M. Aiken
- Departments of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta-Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard L. Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53705
- UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
- UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705
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18
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Liu JX, Eriksson PO, Thornell LE, Pedrosa-Domellöf F. Fiber Content and Myosin Heavy Chain Composition of Muscle Spindles in Aged Human Biceps Brachii. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:445-54. [PMID: 15805419 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6257.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated potential age-related changes in human muscle spindles with respect to the intrafusal fiber-type content and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition in biceps brachii muscle. The total number of intrafusal fibers per spindle decreased significantly with aging, due to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear chain fibers. Nuclear chain fibers in old spindles were short and some showed novel expression of MyHC α-cardiac. The expression of MyHC α-cardiac in bag1and bag2fibers was greatly decreased in the A region. The expression of slow MyHC was increased in nuclear bag1fibers and that of fetal MyHC decreased in bag2fibers whereas the patterns of distribution of the remaining MyHC isoforms were generally not affected by aging. We conclude that aging appears to have an important impact on muscle spindle composition. These changes in muscle spindle phenotype may reflect an age-related deterioration in sensory and motor innervation and are likely to have an impact in motor control in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Thermal acclimation to cold alters myosin content and contractile properties of rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, red muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 196:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Khodabukus A, Baar K. The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2198-207. [PMID: 25146978 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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21
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Graber TG, Kim JH, Grange RW, McLoon LK, Thompson LV. C57BL/6 life span study: age-related declines in muscle power production and contractile velocity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9773. [PMID: 25893911 PMCID: PMC4401475 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of key outcome measures in animal models of aging is an important step preceding intervention testing. One such measurement, skeletal muscle power generation (force * velocity), is critical for dynamic movement. Prior research focused on maximum power (P max), which occurs around 30-40 % of maximum load. However, movement occurs over the entire load range. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on power generation during concentric contractions in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles over the load range from 10 to 90 % of peak isometric tetanic force (P 0). Adult, old, and elderly male C57BL/6 mice were examined for contractile function (6-7 months old, 100 % survival; ~24 months, 75 %; and ~28 months, <50 %, respectively). Mice at other ages (5-32 months) were also tested for regression modeling. We hypothesized and found that power decreased with age not only at P max but also over the load range. Importantly, we found greater age-associated deficits in both power and velocity when the muscles were contracting concentrically against heavy loads (>50 % P 0). The shape of the force-velocity curve also changed with age (a/P 0 increased). In addition, there were prolonged contraction times to maximum force and shifts in the distribution of the myosin light and heavy chain isoforms in the EDL. The results demonstrate that age-associated difficulty in movement during challenging tasks is likely due, in addition to overall reduced force output, to an accelerated deterioration of power production and contractile velocity under heavily loaded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted G. Graber
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jong-Hee Kim
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- />Department of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Robert W. Grange
- />Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Linda K. McLoon
- />Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - LaDora V. Thompson
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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22
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Khodabukus A, Baar K. Glucose Concentration and Streptomycin Alter In Vitro Muscle Function and Metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1226-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Division of Neurobiology; Physiology and Behavior; University of California Davis; Davis California
| | - Keith Baar
- Division of Neurobiology; Physiology and Behavior; University of California Davis; Davis California
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23
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Coughlin DJ, Akhtar M. Contractile properties of the myotomal muscle of sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:169-78. [PMID: 25676176 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Swimming in fishes is powered by myotomal red, white and pink skeletal muscle. Slow swimming is powered by the red (slow-twitch muscle), fast speeds are achieved by the white (fast-twitch) muscle and pink muscle apparently serves an intermediate function. In recent years, the physiological properties and molecular composition of red (slow) and white (fast) muscle fibers have been well studied, while the intermediate pink muscle, which falls in a thin sheet between the superficial red muscle and deeper white muscle, has received less attention. The goal of this study is to determine the contractile properties of red, pink, and white muscle and to establish the molecular basis of fiber type variations in contractile properties in a sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus). Isometric and isovelocity muscle mechanics experiments demonstrated a general pattern of increasing contractile speed from red to pink to white muscle, although red and pink muscle did not differ significantly for most contraction kinetics variables. As myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is the most important structural protein found in the muscle fibers, MyHC content was examined through immunohistochemistry. Myosin antibodies suggest a gradient in myosin content corresponding to differences in muscle contraction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Coughlin
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania
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24
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Dissecting human skeletal muscle troponin proteoforms by top-down mass spectrometry. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:169-81. [PMID: 25613324 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are the most abundant tissues in the human body. They are composed of a heterogeneous collection of muscle fibers that perform various functions. Skeletal muscle troponin (sTn) regulates skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. sTn consists of 3 subunits, troponin I (TnI), troponin T (TnT), and troponin C (TnC). TnI inhibits the actomyosin Mg(2+)-ATPase, TnC binds Ca(2+), and TnT is the tropomyosin (Tm)-binding subunit. The cardiac and skeletal isoforms of Tn share many similarities but the roles of modifications of Tn in the two muscles may differ. The modifications of cardiac Tn are known to alter muscle contractility and have been well-characterized. However, the modification status of sTn remains unclear. Here, we have employed top-down mass spectrometry (MS) to decipher the modifications of human sTnT and sTnI. We have extensively characterized sTnT and sTnI proteoforms, including alternatively spliced isoforms and post-translationally modified forms, found in human skeletal muscle with high mass accuracy and comprehensive sequence coverage. Moreover, we have localized the phosphorylation site of slow sTnT isoform III to Ser1 by tandem MS with electron capture dissociation. This is the first study to comprehensively characterize human sTn and also the first to identify the basal phosphorylation site for human sTnT by top-down MS.
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25
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Seow CY. Hill's equation of muscle performance and its hidden insight on molecular mechanisms. J Gen Physiol 2013; 142:561-73. [PMID: 24277600 PMCID: PMC3840917 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles shorten faster against light loads than they do against heavy loads. The hyperbolic equation first used by A.V. Hill over seven decades ago to illustrate the relationship between shortening velocity and load is still the predominant method used to characterize muscle performance, even though it has been regarded as purely empirical and lacking precision in predicting velocities at high and low loads. Popularity of the Hill equation has been sustained perhaps because of historical reasons, but its simplicity is certainly attractive. The descriptive nature of the equation does not diminish its role as a useful tool in our quest to understand animal locomotion and optimal design of muscle-powered devices like bicycles. In this Review, an analysis is presented to illustrate the connection between the historic Hill equation and the kinetics of myosin cross-bridge cycle based on the latest findings on myosin motor interaction with actin filaments within the structural confines of a sarcomere. In light of the new data and perspective, some previous studies of force-velocity relations of muscle are revisited to further our understanding of muscle mechanics and the underlying biochemical events, specifically how extracellular and intracellular environment, protein isoform expression, and posttranslational modification of contractile and regulatory proteins change the interaction between myosin and actin that in turn alter muscle force, shortening velocity, and the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Seow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Centre/St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Smerdu V, Cvetko E. Myosin heavy chain-2b transcripts and isoform are expressed in human laryngeal muscles. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:75-86. [PMID: 23796659 DOI: 10.1159/000351293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, i.e. MyHC-2a, -2x and -2b, are expressed in skeletal muscles of smaller mammals. In contrast, only MyHC-2a and -2x have been revealed in humans so far. The expression of MyHC isoforms is known to be wider in the functionally more specialized laryngeal muscles. Though mRNA transcripts of the MyHC-2b gene were found to be expressed in certain human skeletal and laryngeal muscles, the corresponding isoform has not been demonstrated in these muscles. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate not only the expression of MyHC-2b transcripts using an in situ hybridization technique but also the corresponding protein, i.e. the MyHC-2b isoform, in some human laryngeal muscles by immunohistochemistry but not by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using a set of antibodies specific to MyHC isoforms, we demonstrated that MyHC-2b was always co-expressed with the major MyHC isoforms, not only with the fast ones (MyHC-2a and -2x) but with the slow isoform (MyHC-1) as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vika Smerdu
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Woytanowski JR, Coughlin DJ. Thermal acclimation in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, leads to faster myotomal muscle contractile properties and improved swimming performance. Biol Open 2013; 2:343-50. [PMID: 23519555 PMCID: PMC3603416 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) display an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water temperatures. These fish express both anti-freeze proteins and glycerol in their plasma, liver, muscle and other tissues to avoid freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Maintenance of glycerol levels requires active feeding in very cold water. To understand how these fish can maintain activity at cold temperatures, we explored thermal acclimation by the myotomal muscle of smelt exposed to cold water. We hypothesized that cold-acclimated fish would show enhanced swimming ability due to shifts in muscle contractile properties. We also predicted that shifts in swimming performance would be associated with changes in the expression patterns of muscle proteins such as parvalbumin (PV) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Swimming studies show significantly faster swimming by smelt acclimated to 5°C compared to fish acclimated to 20°C when tested at a common test temperature of 10°C. The cold-acclimated fish also had faster muscle contractile properties, such as a maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) almost double that of warm-acclimated fish at the same test temperature. Cold-acclimation is associated with a modest increase in PV levels in the swimming muscle. Fluorescence microscopy using anti-MyHC antibodies suggests that MyHC expression in the myotomal muscle may shift in response to exposure to cold water. The complex set of physiological responses that comprise cold-acclimation in smelt includes modifications in muscle function to permit active locomotion in cold water.
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Campion LA, Choi S, Mistry HL, Coughlin DJ. Myosin heavy chain and parvalbumin expression in swimming and feeding muscles of centrarchid fishes: the molecular basis of the scaling of contractile properties. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:223-30. [PMID: 22705556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In centrarchid fishes, such as bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus, Rafinesque) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lacepède), the contractile properties of feeding and swimming muscles show different scaling patterns. While the maximum shortening velocity (V(max)) and rate of relaxation from tetanus of swimming or myotomal muscle slow with growth, the feeding muscle shows distinctive scaling patterns. Cranial epaxial muscle, which is used to elevate the head during feeding strikes, retains fast contractile properties across a range of fish sizes in both species. In bass, the sternohyoideous muscle, which depresses the floor of the mouth during feeding strikes, shows faster contractile properties with growth. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular basis of these different scaling patterns. We examined the expression of two muscle proteins, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and parvalbumin (PV), that affect contractile properties. We hypothesized that the relative contribution of slow and fast MyHC isoforms will modulate V(max) in these fishes, while the presence of PV in muscle will enhance rates of muscle relaxation. Myotomal muscle displays an increase in sMyHC expression with growth, in agreement with its physiological properties. Feeding muscles such as epaxial and sternohyoideus show no change or a decrease in sMyHC expression with growth, again as predicted from contractile properties. PV expression in myotomal muscle decreases with growth in both species, as has been seen in other fishes. The feeding muscles again show no change or an increase in PV expression with growth, contributing to faster contractile properties in these fishes. Both MyHC and PV appear to play important roles in modulating muscle contractile properties of swimming and feeding muscles in centrarchid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Campion
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
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29
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Park KA, Lim J, Sohn S, Oh SY. Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in human extraocular muscles: longitudinal variation and patterns of expression in global and orbital layers. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:713-20. [PMID: 22499099 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the distribution of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms along the length of the global and orbital layers of human extraocular muscles (EOMs). METHODS Whole muscle tissue extracts of human EOMs were cross-sectioned consecutively and separated into orbital and global layers. The extracts from these layers were subjected to electrophoretic analysis, followed by quantification with scanning densitometry. RESULTS MyHC isoforms displayed different distributions along the lengths of EOMs. In the orbital and global layers of all EOMs except for the superior oblique muscle, MyHCeom was enriched in the central regions. MyHCIIa and MyHCI were most abundant in the proximal and distal ends. CONCLUSIONS A variation in MyHC isoform expression was apparent along the lengths of human EOMs. These results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional diversity of EOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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30
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Age-Related Changes in Myosin Light and Heavy Chain Isoforms’ Composition in Gluteus Medius Muscle of Sedentary Akhal-Teke Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Adherent primary cultures of mouse intercostal muscle fibers for isolated fiber studies. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:393740. [PMID: 21869860 PMCID: PMC3157832 DOI: 10.1155/2011/393740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary culture models of single adult skeletal muscle fibers dissociated from locomotor muscles adhered to glass coverslips are routine and allow monitoring of functional processes in living cultured fibers. To date, such isolated fiber cultures have not been established for respiratory muscles, despite the fact that dysfunction of core respiratory muscles leading to respiratory arrest is the most common cause of death in many muscular diseases. Here we present the first description of an adherent culture system for single adult intercostal muscle fibers from the adult mouse. This system allows for monitoring functional properties of these living muscle fibers in culture with or without electrical field stimulation to drive muscle fiber contraction at physiological or pathological respiratory firing patterns. We also provide initial characterization of these fibers, demonstrating several common techniques in this new model system in the context of the established Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle primary culture model.
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32
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Méndez-Armenta M, Nava-Ruiz C, Fernández-Valverde F, Sánchez-García A, Rios C. Histochemical changes in muscle of rats exposed subchronically to low doses of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:107-112. [PMID: 21787736 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are ubiquitous in the environment and exposure through food and water as well as occupational sources can constitute a potential threat to human health. The mechanisms of heavy metal damage include the production of free radicals that alter mitochondrial activity, affecting cellular types like neurons and muscular fibres. We examined whether rats exposed subchronically via drinking water to low doses of heavy metals can produce alterations in muscle. Results showed that the proportion of ragged red fibres increased in muscle of rats exposed to lead and thallium, likewise slight changes in enzymatic activity of muscular fibres were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Méndez-Armenta
- Lab. Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Insurgentes sur 3877, Tlalpan C.P. 14269 México, Mexico.
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33
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Neuromuscular function following prolonged intense self-paced exercise in hot climatic conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:1561-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Murgiano L, D’Alessandro A, Egidi MG, Crisà A, Prosperini G, Timperio AM, Valentini A, Zolla L. Proteomics and Transcriptomics Investigation on longissimus Muscles in Large White and Casertana Pig Breeds. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6450-66. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Murgiano
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Egidi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crisà
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Prosperini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Via de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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35
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Properties of extensor digitorum longus muscle and skinned fibers from adult and aged male and femaleActn3knockout mice. Muscle Nerve 2010; 43:37-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Luden N, Minchev K, Hayes E, Louis E, Trappe T, Trappe S. Human vastus lateralis and soleus muscles display divergent cellular contractile properties. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R1593-8. [PMID: 18815206 PMCID: PMC2584861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90564.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences in single-fiber contractile physiology of fibers with the same myosin heavy chain isoform (MHC I and MHC IIa) originating from different muscles. Vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus biopsies were obtained from 27 recreationally active females (31 +/- 1 yr, 59 +/- 1 kg). A total of 943 single fibers (MHC I = 562; MHC IIa = 301) were isolated and examined for diameter, peak tension (Po), shortening velocity (Vo), and power. The soleus had larger (P < 0.05) fibers (MHC I +18%; MHC IIa +19%), higher MHC I Vo (+13%), and higher MHC I Po (+18%) compared with fibers from the VL. In contrast, fibers from the VL had higher (P < 0.05) specific tension (MHC I +18%; MHC IIa +20%), and MHC I normalized power (+25%) compared with the soleus. There was a trend for MHC IIa soleus fibers to have higher Vo [MHC IIa +13% (P = 0.058)], whereas VL MHC IIa fibers showed a trend for higher normalized power compared with soleus fibers [MHC IIa +33% (P = 0.079)]. No differences in absolute power were detected between muscles. These data highlight muscle-specific differences in single-fiber contractile function that should serve as a scientific basis for consideration when extending observations of skeletal muscle tissue from one muscle of interest to other muscles of origin. This is important when examining skeletal muscle adaptation to physical states such as aging, unloading, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Luden
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State Univ., Muncie, Indiana, USA
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37
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Tsika RW, Schramm C, Simmer G, Fitzsimons DP, Moss RL, Ji J. Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36154-67. [PMID: 18978355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807461200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors serve important functional roles during embryonic development and in striated muscle gene expression. Our previous work has implicated a role for TEAD-1 in the fast-to-slow fiber-type transition in response to mechanical overload. To investigate whether TEAD-1 is a modulator of slow muscle gene expression in vivo, we developed transgenic mice expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged TEAD-1 under the control of the muscle creatine kinase promoter. We show that striated muscle-restricted HA-TEAD-1 expression induced a transition toward a slow muscle contractile protein phenotype, slower shortening velocity (Vmax), and longer contraction and relaxation times in adult fast twitch extensor digitalis longus muscle. Notably, HA-TEAD-1 overexpression resulted in an unexpected activation of GSK-3alpha/beta and decreased nuclear beta-catenin and NFATc1/c3 protein. These effects could be reversed in vivo by mechanical overload, which decreased muscle creatine kinase-driven TEAD-1 transgene expression, and in cultured satellite cells by TEAD-1-specific small interfering RNA. These novel in vivo data support a role for TEAD-1 in modulating slow muscle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Tsika
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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38
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Donato ME, Schiavi J, Ulerich AD, Weaver FE, Coughlin DJ. Myosin regulatory light chain expression in trout muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 309:64-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Kohn TA, Myburgh KH. Regional specialization of rat quadriceps myosin heavy chain isoforms occurring in distal to proximal parts of middle and deep regions is not mirrored by citrate synthase activity. J Anat 2007; 210:8-18. [PMID: 17229279 PMCID: PMC2100260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content and citrate synthase (CS) activities were measured in the Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle of 18 female rats. The muscle group was divided into superficial, middle and deep, distal, central and proximal parts. MHC IIb and IIx were more abundant in superficial regions (P<0.05) with low CS activities compared with deeper parts. The deeper parts expressed all four isoforms (MHC IIb, MHC IIx, MHC IIa and MHC I), with a concomitantly higher CS activity. MHC I, MHC IIa and MHC IIb isoform content varied significantly along the length of the deep regions. Only MHC IIb and CS activity in the proximal middle part correlated (negatively) with each other. This study showed that the QF has regional specialization and that standardization of sampling site is important. Furthermore, CS activity and MHC isoforms are only loosely associated, or not at all.
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40
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Influence of myosin heavy- and light chain isoforms on early postmortem glycolytic rate and pork quality. Meat Sci 2007; 76:281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Esposito A, Germinario E, Zanin M, Palade PT, Betto R, Danieli-Betto D. Isoform switching in myofibrillar and excitation-contraction coupling proteins contributes to diminished contractile function in regenerating rat soleus muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 102:1640-8. [PMID: 17234797 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01397.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal development of skeletal muscle occurs through the progressive transformation of diverse biochemical, metabolic, morphological, and functional characteristics from the embryonic to the adult phenotype. Since muscle regeneration recapitulates postnatal development of muscle fiber, it offers an appropriate experimental model to investigate the existing relationships between diverse muscle functions and the expression of key protein isoforms, particularly at the single-fiber level. This study was carried out in regenerating soleus muscle 14 days after injury. At this intermediate stage, the regenerating muscle exhibited a recovery of mass greater than its force generation capacity. The lower specific tension of regenerating muscle suggested intrinsic defective excitation-contraction coupling and/or contractility processes. The presence of developmental isoforms of both the voltage-gated Ca2+channel (α1C) and of ryanodine receptor 3, paralleled by an abnormal caffeine contracture development, confirms the immature excitation-contraction coupling of the regenerating muscle. The defective Ca2+handling could also be confirmed by the lower sarcoplasmic reticulum caffeine sensitivity of regenerating single fibers. Also, regenerating single fibers revealed a lower maximal specific tension, which was associated with the residual presence of embryonic myosin heavy chains. Moreover, the fibers showed a reduced Ca2+sensitivity of myofibrillar proteins, particularly those simultaneously expressing the slow and fast isoforms of troponin C. The present results indicate that the expression of developmental proteins determines the incomplete functional recovery of regenerating soleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Esposito
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Wilwert JL, Madhoun NM, Coughlin DJ. Parvalbumin correlates with relaxation rate in the swimming muscle of sheepshead and kingfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 209:227-37. [PMID: 16391345 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin is a muscle protein that aids in relaxation from contraction. Parvalbumin binds myoplasmic Ca(2+) during contractions, reducing calcium concentration and enhancing relaxation. Different isoforms of parvalbumin have varying affinities for calcium, and relaxation rates in skeletal muscle may be affected by variations in the isoforms of parvalbumin expressed. This study examines the effect of expression levels of parvalbumin isoforms on relaxation rate in the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Pisces, F. Sparidae). We measured relaxation rate of each of the three fiber types, white (fast-twitch), red (slow-twitch) and pink (intermediate), from three longitudinal body positions. Sheepshead show a significant longitudinal shift in relaxation rate in red muscle, with anterior muscle displaying faster rates of relaxation than posterior, but this pattern was not significant in the pink and white muscle. We hypothesized that patterns of parvalbumin expression determine relaxation rate along the length of the fish. The prediction is that total parvalbumin content and the relative expression of parvalbumin isoforms will differ between the anterior and posterior red muscle, but little longitudinal variation will be observed in parvalbumin expression in white and pink muscle. We successfully employed protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with western blots to identify two parvalbumin isoforms in each muscle fiber type. SDS-PAGE and densitometry were used to determine the relative expression levels of the two parvalbumin isoforms and total parvalbumin expression. Red muscle displays a significant shift, from anterior to posterior, in the relative expression of the two isoforms, both in their relative contribution and in total parvalbumin content, but white and pink muscle did not. The red muscle of southern kingfish, Menticirrhus americanus (Pisces, F. Scianidae) showed a pattern similar to the red muscle of sheepshead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Wilwert
- Widener University, Department of Biology, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA
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43
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CHOI Y, RYU Y, KIM B. EFFECT OF MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN ISOFORMS ON MUSCLE FIBER CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY IN PORCINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2006.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bicer S, Reiser PJ. Variations in apparent mass of mammalian fast-type myosin light chains correlate with species body size, from shrew to elephant. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R527-34. [PMID: 16902191 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00098.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A recent study (Bicer S and Reiser PJ. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 25: 623-633, 2004) suggested considerable variation in the apparent molecular mass (M(a)), deduced from electrophoretic mobility, in fast-type myosin light chains (MLCF), especially MLC1F, among mammalian species. Furthermore, there was an indication that MLC1F M(a) generally correlates with species body mass, over an approximately 4,000-fold range in body mass. The results also suggested that M(a) of other low-molecular-weight myofibrillar proteins is less variable and not as strongly correlated with body mass among the same species. The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that the M(a) of MLCs does, in fact, vary and correlate with species body mass. The electrophoretic mobilities of MLCF isoforms from 19 species, varying in size approximately 500,000-fold, were quantitated. The results confirm that the M(a) of MLC1F and MLC2F vary significantly among mammals, spanning a very broad range in body mass; the MLC1F M(a) varies more than that of other low-molecular-weight myofibrillar proteins; and there is a significant correlation between species body mass and MLC1F M(a). Differences in MLC1F M(a) among five species can be accounted for by differences in the reported amino acid sequence, especially the length of a common polyalanine region near the NH(2)-terminal actin-binding site. The possibility that the differences in MLC1F sequence among mammalian species, in and adjacent to the actin-binding region, are related to differences in modulation of cross-bridge kinetics in species with diverse locomotion kinetics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahattin Bicer
- Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1247, USA
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45
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Reiser PJ, Bicer S. Multiple isoforms of myosin light chain 1 in pig diaphragm slow fibers: correlation with maximal shortening velocity and force generation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 456:112-8. [PMID: 16884681 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pig diaphragm slow fibers exhibit heterogeneity in myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) isoform expression, with many expressing fast-type MLC1 (MLC1F), as well as two isoforms of slow-type MLC1 (MLC1Sa and MLC1Sb). The goal of this study was to test if there is a relationship between MLC1 isoform expression and contractile properties among these fibers. Maximal shortening velocity (V(max)) and maximal isometric force generation, normalized with fiber cross-sectional area (P(o)/CSA), were measured in single fibers. V(max) was inversely related to the relative level of MLC1Sa. The level of MLC1Sa was reciprocally related to the levels of MLC1Sb and of MLC1F among individual fibers. Fibers expressing MLC1Sa and in which MLC1Sb was not detected generated greater P(o)/CSA, compared to fibers expressing MLC1Sb and not MLC1Sa. The results indicate a complex pattern of MLC1 isoform expression among pig diaphragm slow fibers and suggest that shortening velocity and force generation are modulated, in these fibers, by the MLC1 isoform composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Reiser
- Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Byron CD, Hamrick MW, Wingard CJ. Alterations of temporalis muscle contractile force and histological content from the myostatin and Mdx deficient mouse. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51:396-405. [PMID: 16263075 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (GDF8) and dystrophin are critical molecules for muscle organisation. Myostatin is involved in regulating muscle growth and development, whereas dystrophin is part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which anchors the cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma. We examined temporalis muscle morphology and function in myostatin deficient and dystrophin deficient (Mdx) mice in order to determine how myostatin and dystrophin affect bite force and muscle fibre composition. Bite forces from 4-month-old myostatin-/-, dystrophin deficient (Mdx) and normal control mice were measured by load cell and field stimulation of the temporalis muscle. Tissue sections were stained with haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS) to assess morphology and fibre type differences. A positive relationship between bite force and muscle mass for both genetic models was observed. Both Mstn-/- and Mdx mice showed significant elevation in bite force and muscle mass. Histological examination revealed greater muscle fibre cross-sectional area variability in Mdx mice (ANOVA, F=5.6, P<0.01). Surprisingly, the Mstn-/- mice demonstrated a disproportionate increase in bite force at higher stimulation frequencies with comparison of regression lines for force-frequency data (ANOVA, F=3.46, P<0.07). Muscle fibre typing using a PAS staining technique revealed significantly more type IIx/b glycolytic muscle fibres in the Mstn-/- mice. Our results suggest that histopathologies associated with Mdx mice did not diminish gross temporalis structure or function, whilst the force-frequency changes associated with Mstn-/- mice were reflected in an elevation of type IIx/b fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Byron
- Department of Surgery, CJ-1117, Medical College of Georgia, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Bergrin M, Bicer S, Lucas CA, Reiser PJ. Three-dimensional compartmentalization of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms in dog thyroarytenoid muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 290:C1446-58. [PMID: 16371441 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00323.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thyroarytenoid muscle, a vocal fold adductor, has important roles in airway protection (e.g., prevention of aspiration) and phonation. Isoform expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), a major determinant of muscle-shortening velocity, has been reported to be heterogeneous in this muscle in several mammals, differing markedly between the medial and lateral divisions. The objective was to determine the isoform expression patterns of both MHC and myosin light chain (MLC), with the latter having a modulatory role in determining shortening velocity, to further test whether the expression of both myosin subunits differs in multiple specific sites within the divisions of the dog thyroarytenoid muscle, potentially revealing even greater compartmentalization in this muscle. Our results indicate the existence of large gradients in the relative levels of individual MHC isoforms in the craniocaudal axis along the medial layer (i.e., airflow axis), where levels of MHC-I and MHC-IIA are low at both ends of the axis and high in the middle and MHC-IIB has a reciprocal distribution. The lateral layer is more uniform, with high levels of MHC-IIB throughout. The level of MHC-IID is relatively constant along the axis in both layers. Large differences exist in the distribution of MHC isoforms among single fibers isolated from sites along the craniocaudal axis, especially in the lateral layer. Systematic regional variations are apparent in the MLC isoform composition of single fibers as well, including some MLC isoform combinations that are not observed in dog limb muscles. Variations of MHC and MLC isoform expression in the dog thyroarytenoid muscle are greater than previously recognized and suggest an even broader range of contractile properties within this multifunctional muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bergrin
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Lowe DA, Husom AD, Ferrington DA, Thompson LV. Myofibrillar myosin ATPase activity in hindlimb muscles from young and aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 125:619-27. [PMID: 15491680 PMCID: PMC4405002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Revised: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that Ca(2+)-activated myosin ATPase activity is lower in muscles of aged rats relative to muscles of young rats, independent of changes in myosin isoform expression. Myofibrils were prepared from permeabilized fibers of soleus, plantaris, and semimembranosus muscles of young (8-12 months) and aged (32-38 months) F344 x BN rats and assayed for resting myosin ATPase, Ca(2+)-activated myosin ATPase, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myosin light chain (MLC) isoform compositions. Resting myosin ATPases were not affected by age in any muscle (P > or = 0.42). Ca(2+)-activated myosin ATPases of soleus and plantaris myofibrils were not affected by age (P > or = 0.31) but were 16% lower in semimembranosus myofibrils from aged rats (0.448 +/- 0.019 micromol P(i)/min/mg) compared to young rats (0.533 +/- 0.031 micromol P(i)/min/mg; P = 0.03). Correspondingly, maximal unloaded shortening velocity of single semimembranosus fibers from aged rats was slow (4.6 +/- 0.2 fiber lengths/s) compared with fibers from young rats (5.8 +/- 0.3 fiber lengths/s; P < 0.01). No age-related changes in MHC or regulatory MLC isoforms were detected in any muscle (P > or = 0.08) but changes in the essential MLC occurred in plantaris and semimembranosus muscles. The data indicate that Ca(2+)-activated myosin ATPase activity is reduced with age in semimembranosus muscle, independent of age-related changes in MHC isoform expression, and is one mechanism contributing to age-related slowing of contraction in that muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Smith JC, Goldberg SJ, Shall MS. Phenotype and contractile properties of mammalian tongue muscles innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2005; 147:253-62. [PMID: 16087149 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The XIIth cranial nerve plays a role in chewing, respiration, suckling, swallowing, and speech [Lowe, A.A., 1981. The neural regulation of tongue movements. Prog. Neurobiol. 15, 295-344.]. The muscles innervated by this nerve are functionally subdivided into three categories: those causing protrusion, retrusion, and changing the shape of the tongue. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) II isoform makes up the majority of the MHC phenotype with some variability among mammalian species and some evidence suggests between genders. In addition, there are regional differences in fiber type within some of these muscles that suggest functional compartmentalization. The transition from developmental MHC isoforms to their adult phenotype appears to vary not only from muscle to muscle but also from species to species. Motor units within this hypoglossal motor system can be categorized as predominantly fast fatigue resistant. Based on twitch contraction time and fatigue index, it appears that hypoglossal innervated muscles are more similar to fast-twitch muscles innervated by spinal nerves than, for example, extraocular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chadwick Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
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