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Isenmann E, Veit S, Flenker U, Lesch A, Lachenmeier DW, Diel P. Influence of short-term chronic oral cannabidiol application on muscle recovery and performance after an intensive training protocol - a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2337252. [PMID: 38572744 PMCID: PMC10997358 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2337252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementation strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is cannabidiol (CBD) which is gaining more attention in competitive sports. However, the evidence is still lacking and there are no data available about the effect of a short-term chronic application. METHODS A three-arm double-blind cross-over study was conducted to determine the effects of two different CBD products on performance, muscle damage and inflammatory processes in well-trained athletes. In total 17 subjects took successfully part in this study. Each subject underwent the six-day, high-intensity training protocol three times. After each training session, each subject took either a placebo or a CBD product (60 mg of oil or solubilisate). Between the intervention phases, at least four weeks of washout period was conducted. Before and after the training protocols the performance capacity in countermovement jump (CMJ), back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and 1-mile run were measured and biomarkers for muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammatory processes (interleukin 6 and 10) and immune cell activity (ratios of neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and, platelets) were analyzed. For statistical analyses, the current version of R and a linear mixed model was used. RESULTS It could identify different effects of the training protocol depending on performance level (advanced or highly advanced athletes) (p < .05). Regardless of the performance level, muscle damage and a reduction in performance could be induced by the training protocol. Only CBD oil was associated with a reduction in myoglobin concentration (p < .05) in advanced athletes. Concerning immune activity, a significant decrease in platelets lymphocyte ratios was observed in advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < .05). CBD oil application showed a slight inhibitory effect (p < .10). Moreover, the reduction in performance differs between the performance levels. A significant decrease in CMJ was observed in advanced athletes and a decreasing trend in BS was observed in highly advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < 0.10). Both CBD products do not affect performance parameters. For inflammatory parameters, no effects were observed. CONCLUSION It was found that the performance level of the subjects was a decisive factor and that they responded differently to the training protocol and the CBD application. However, no clear effects of either CBD product were found and further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of CBD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- IST Hochschule of Applied Sciences, Department of Fitness and Health, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Veit
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Lesch
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Martinelli I, Bellitto V, Nittari G, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Protective effects of the R-(+)-thioctic acid treatment: possible anti-inflammatory activity on heart of hypertensive rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:281. [PMID: 39048980 PMCID: PMC11267948 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure is associated with oxidative stress, promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. Clinical trials are discordant that the most effective treatment in the management of hypertension seems to be the administration of anti-hypertensive drugs with antioxidant properties. The study aims to evaluate the effects of the eutomer of thioctic acid on oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. METHODS To study the oxidative status, the malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal concentration, protein oxidation were measured in the heart. Morphological analysis were performed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were done for alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta to assess fibrosis; cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB to assess inflammatory processes. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats were characterized by hypertension with increased malondialdehyde levels in the heart. OxyBlot in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats showed an increase in proteins' oxidative status. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in the ventricles were associated with an increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced by the eutomer of thioctic acid supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Based on this evidence, eutomer of thioctic acid could represent an appropriate antioxidant molecule to reduce oxidative stress and prevent inflammatory processes on the cardiomyocytes and cardiac vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bellitto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri, 9, Camerino, 62032, MC, Italy.
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Barrientos G, Schuman ML, Landa MS, Robello E, Incardona C, Conrad ML, Galleano M, García SI. Therapeutic Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid in a Rat Preclinical Model of Preeclampsia: Focus on Maternal Signs, Fetal Growth and Placental Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:730. [PMID: 38929169 PMCID: PMC11200649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. We previously demonstrated that pregnant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) display a spontaneous PE-like phenotype with distinct placental, fetal, and maternal features. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, during early pregnancy could ameliorate the PE phenotype in this model. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnancies were established using 10 to 12-week-old SHRSP females (n = 19-16/group), which were assigned to two treatment groups: ALA (injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg body weight ALA on gestation day (GD1, GD8, and GD12) or control, receiving saline following the same protocol. Our analysis of maternal signs showed that ALA prevented the pregnancy-dependent maternal blood pressure rise (GD14 blood pressure control 169.3 ± 19.4 mmHg vs. 146.1 ± 13.4 mmHg, p = 0.0001) and ameliorated renal function, as noted by the increased creatinine clearance and improved glomerular histology in treated dams. Treatment also improved the fetal growth restriction (FGR) phenotype, leading to increased fetal weights (ALA 2.19 ± 0.5 g vs. control 1.98 ± 0.3 g, p = 0.0074) and decreased cephalization indexes, indicating a more symmetric fetal growth pattern. This was associated with improved placental efficiency, decreased oxidative stress marker expression on GD14, and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) levels on GD20. In conclusion, ALA supplementation mitigated maternal signs and improved placental function and fetal growth in SHRSP pregnancies, emerging as a promising therapy in pregnancies at high risk for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina
| | - Mariano L. Schuman
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
| | - Maria S. Landa
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Robello
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (E.R.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Claudio Incardona
- Fundación GADOR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1414CUI, Argentina;
| | - Melanie L. Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Monica Galleano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (E.R.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Silvia I. García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina;
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
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Dolar-Szczasny J, Drab A, Rejdak R. Biochemical Changes in Anterior Chamber of the Eye in Diabetic Patients-A Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2581. [PMID: 38731110 PMCID: PMC11084197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the biochemical changes observed in the anterior chamber of the eye in diabetic patients. The increased levels of inflammatory markers, alterations in antioxidant defense mechanisms, and elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the aqueous humor (AH) are explored. Additionally, the impact of these biochemical changes on diabetic retinopathy progression, increased intraocular pressure, and cataract formation is discussed. Furthermore, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings are presented. This study explores potential biomarkers for detecting diabetic eye disease at an early stage and monitoring its progression. An investigation of the targeting of inflammatory and angiogenic pathways as a potential treatment approach and the role of antioxidant agents in managing these biochemical changes is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dolar-Szczasny
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophtalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Drab
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with e-Health Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophtalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
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5
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Molonia MS, Speciale A, Muscarà C, Salamone FL, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of α-lipoic acid reduce palmitic acid-induced alterations in murine hypertrophic adipocytes. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:916-925. [PMID: 37129014 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2207137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder with excessive body fat accumulation, increasing incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Hypertrophic obesity is associated with local oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro activity of micromolar concentrations of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on palmitic acid (PA)-exposed murine hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes, focussing on the main molecular pathways involved in adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. ALA, starting from 1 µM, decreased adipocytes hypertrophy, reducing PA-triggered intracellular lipid accumulation, PPAR-γ levels, and FABP4 gene expression, and counteracted PA-induced intracellular ROS levels and NF-κB activation. ALA reverted PA-induced insulin resistance, restoring PI3K/Akt axis and inducing GLUT-1 and glucose uptake, showing insulin sensitizing properties since it increased their basal levels. In conclusion, this study supports the potential effects of low micromolar ALA against hypertrophy, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipose tissue, suggesting its important role as pharmacological supplement in the prevention of conditions linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina,Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Guarano A, Capozzi A, Cristodoro M, Di Simone N, Lello S. Alpha Lipoic Acid Efficacy in PCOS Treatment: What Is the Truth? Nutrients 2023; 15:3209. [PMID: 37513627 PMCID: PMC10386153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common female endocrinopathies, affecting about 4-25% of women of reproductive age. Women affected by PCOS have an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer. Given the pivotal role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of PCOS, in the last years, many insulin-sensitizing factors have been proposed for PCOS treatment. The first insulin sensitizer recommended by evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of PCOS was metformin, but the burden of side effects is responsible for treatment discontinuation in many patients. Inositols have insulin-mimetic properties and contribute to decreasing postprandial blood glucose, acting by different pathways. ALA is a natural amphipathic compound with a very strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and a very noteworthy role in the improvement of insulin metabolic pathway. Given the multiple effects of ALA, a therapeutic strategy based on the synergy between inositols and ALA has been recently proposed by many groups with the aim of improving insulin resistance, reducing androgen levels, and ameliorating reproductive outcomes in PCOS patients. The purpose of this study is to review the existing literature and to evaluate the existing data showing the efficacy and the limitation of a treatment strategy based on this promising molecule. ALA is a valid therapeutic strategy applicable in the treatment of PCOS patients: Its multiple actions, including antinflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing, may be of utmost importance in the treatment of a very complex syndrome. Specifically, the combination of MYO plus ALA creates a synergistic effect that improves insulin resistance in PCOS patients, especially in obese/overweight patients with T2DM familiarity. Moreover, ALA treatment also exerts beneficial effects on endocrine patterns, especially if combined with MYO, improving menstrual regularity and ovulation rhythm. The purpose of our study is to review the existing literature and to evaluate the data showing the efficacy and the limitations of a treatment strategy based on this promising molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guarano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cristodoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Lello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Skibska B, Kochan E, Stanczak A, Lipert A, Skibska A. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:16. [PMID: 37378741 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is a naturally occurring organosulfur component. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as kidney and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and aging. Kidneys are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of α-LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress parameters in rat kidneys. The experimental rats were divided into four groups: I-control (0.9% NaCl i.v.); II-α-LA (60 mg/kg b.w. i.v.); III-LPS (30 mg/kg b.w. i.v.); and IV-LPS + LA (30 mg/kg b.w. i.v. and 60 mg/kg b.w. i.v., respectively). In kidney homogenates the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulfhydryl groups (-SH), total protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were determined. In addition, the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured to assess inflammation and was estimated kidney oedema. Studies have shown that α-LA administered after LPS administration attenuated kidney oedema and significantly decreased TBARS, H2O2, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in rat kidneys. α-LA also resulted in increase -SH group, total protein, and SOD levels and ameliorated the GSH redox status when compared to the LPS group. The results suggest that α-LA plays an important role against LPS-induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue as well as downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Skibska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Lipert
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skibska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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8
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The effects of lipoic acid on respiratory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116. [PMCID: PMC9933494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and the recently emerging fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), are the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. The increasing incidence and mortality rates have attracted much attention to the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound, is not only essential for mitochondrial aerobic metabolism but also shows therapeutic potential via certain pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects). In recent years, accumulating evidence (animal experiments and in vitro studies) has suggested a role of LA in ameliorating many respiratory diseases (e.g., lung cancer, fibrosis, asthma, acute lung injury and smoking-induced lung injury). Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the present investigational evidence on the therapeutic effect of LA against respiratory diseases in vitro and in vivo. We also summarize the corresponding mechanisms of action to inspire further basic studies and clinical trials to confirm the health benefits of LA in the context of respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- lipoic acid
- respiratory diseases
- antioxidation
- anti-inflammatory effects
- mechanism of action
- akt, protein kinase b;
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor;
- ampk, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase;
- α-sma, alpha-smooth muscle actin;
- bcl-2, b-cell lymphoma 2;
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2;
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid;
- er, endoplasmic reticulum;
- erk, extracellular-regulated kinase;
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor;
- gr, glutathione reductase;
- gpx, glutathione peroxidase;
- grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2;
- gsh, reduced glutathione;
- gssg, oxidized glutathione;
- hif, hypoxia-inducible factor;
- ho-1, heme oxygenase 1;
- keap-1, kelch-like ech-associated protein 1;
- ig-e, immunoglobulin e;
- il, interleukin
- oct-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4;
- parp-1, poly (adp-ribose) polymerase-1;
- pdk1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1;
- pdh, pyruvate dehydrogenase;
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
- pge2, prostaglandin e2;
- pgc1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑γ co-activator 1α;
- p70s6k, p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase;
- fak, focal adhesion kinase;
- sod, superoxide dismutase;
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase;
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin;
- nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b;
- no, nitric oxide;
- nox-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-4;
- nqo1, nadph quinone oxidoreductase 1;
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α;
- tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1;
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor;
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Naderi N, Nejad ZD, Tavalaee M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on sperm functions in rodent models for male infertility: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 323:121383. [PMID: 36640903 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we assessed different studies to evaluate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), as a multifaceted antioxidant, on sperm functions in rodent models. Four databases were searched to find papers reporting the effect of ALA treatment on animal models of male infertility. Up to December 2022, 11,787 articles were identified to explain the ALA protective effects. The included studies were evaluated for eligibility and risk of bias (CRD42022341370). Finally, we identified 23 studies that explain the effect of ALA on sperm functions in rodents. Among them, 15 studies indicated that ALA could restore sperm parameters. Six studies showed a significant reduction in sperm DNA damage by ALA treatment. Seventeen papers displayed the ALA antioxidant ability, and four studies indicated the ALA anti-inflammatory effect. Besides, thirteen studies displayed that ALA could modulate androgenesis. Also, eighteen studies revealed that ALA restored the testicular architecture to normal, and was also effective in restoring reproductive performance in two included studies. This systematic review provided cogent evidence for the protective effect of ALA in rodent models for male infertility by re-establishing spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and maintaining redox and immune systems homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Darmishon Nejad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sadiq IZ. Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress: Signaling Mechanisms, Redox Basis for Human Diseases, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:13-35. [PMID: 34951363 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666211222161637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals contain one or more unpaired electrons in their valence shell, thus making them unstable, short-lived, and highly reactive species. Excessive generation of these free radicals ultimately leads to oxidative stress causing oxidation and damage to significant macromolecules in the living system and essentially disrupting signal transduction pathways and antioxidants equilibrium. At lower concentrations, ROS serves as "second messengers," influencing many physiological processes in the cell. However, higher concentrations beyond cell capacity cause oxidative stress, contributing to human pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, asthma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/ mTOR, and Keap1-Nrf2- ARE modulate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cellular antioxidant defenses, phase II detoxification enzymes, and decreased production of ROS. Free radicals such as H2O2 are indeed needed for the advancement of the cell cycle as these molecules influence DNA, proteins, and enzymes in the cell cycle pathway. In the course of cell cycle progression, the cellular redox environment becomes more oxidized, moving from the G1 phase, becoming higher in G2/M and moderate in the S phase. Signals in the form of an increase in cellular pro-oxidant levels are required, and these signals are often terminated by a rise in the amount of antioxidants and MnSOD with a decrease in the level of cyclin D1 proteins. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cell cycle redox regulation will help in the therapy of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammad VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
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11
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KIANI AYSHAKARIM, DONATO KEVIN, DHULI KRISTJANA, STUPPIA LIBORIO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Dietary supplements for polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E206-E213. [PMID: 36479481 PMCID: PMC9710389 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent female endocrine reproductive disorders, affecting between 4 to 18% of the women in their reproductive age. It is generally characterized by several clinical aspects, among which anovulation, inflammation and infertility. Moreover, PCOS has several health implications, including increased metabolic, reproductive, and psychological risks. Previously, metformin and to some extent thiazolidinediones were considered as drug of choice for PCOS management, but they had several side-effects, and controversial results were obtained about their efficiency, especially in non-insulin-resistant non-obese patients. Thus, alternative treatment options are now being studied for PCOS, including different natural molecules and complementary medicines (CM) for the improvement of their health, wellbeing and fertility. Recently, treatment of PCOS patients with different natural molecules, coming from nutritional supplements and herbal medicines, has attained satisfactory results with the absence of any side effects. In this review, four natural molecules, curcumin, vitamin D, inositol and CoQ10 are discussed for their therapeutic ability. These molecules proved to decrease insulin sensitivity and inflammation, to improve the restoration of ovarian function, and they could restore hormonal balance and regulate the menstrual cycle, all of which are the main features and major concerns for women suffering from PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - KEVIN DONATO
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve 60/A, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | - LIBORIO STUPPIA
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
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12
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Alshammari GM, Abdelhalim MA, Al-Ayed MS, Al-Harbi LN, Yahya MA. The Protective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid against Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)-Mediated Liver Damage Is Associated with Upregulating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163327. [PMID: 36014833 PMCID: PMC9414933 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined if regulating the keap-1? Nrf2 antioxidant pathway mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) induced liver damage, and examined the protective effect of co-supplement of α-lipoic acid (α-LA). Rats were separated into 4 groups (n = 8/each) as control, α-LA (200 mg/kg), AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011), and AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011) + α-LA (200 mg/kg). After 7 days, AuNPs induced severe degeneration in the livers of rats with the appearance of some fatty changes. In addition, it increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (ɣ-GTT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Concomitantly, AuNPs significantly depleted hepatic levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) but increased hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also reduced mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but significantly increased those of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. In addition, AuNPs enhanced the total and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 but reduced the mRNA and total and nuclear protein levels of Nrf2. Of note, AuNPs did not affect the mRNA levels of keap-1. All these events were reversed by α-LA in the AuNPs-treated rats. In conclusion, α-LA attenuated AuNPs-mediated liver damage in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, effects that are associated with upregulation/activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Anwar Abdelhalim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Ayed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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14
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Dragomanova S, Miteva S, Nicoletti F, Mangano K, Fagone P, Pricoco S, Staykov H, Tancheva L. Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Viral Infections, including COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1294. [PMID: 34439542 PMCID: PMC8389191 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from a disrupted balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protective antioxidants, is thought to play an important pathogenetic role in several diseases, including viral infections. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is one of the most-studied and used natural compounds, as it is endowed with a well-defined antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile. Owing to these properties, LA has been tested in several chronic immunoinflammatory conditions, such as diabetic neuropathy and metabolic syndrome. In addition, a pharmacological antiviral profile of LA is emerging, that has attracted attention on the possible use of this compound for the cotreatment of several viral infections. Here, we will review the emerging literature on the potential use of LA in viral infections, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Simona Miteva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Pricoco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Hristian Staykov
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Medical University, Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.M.); (L.T.)
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15
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Abdelrahman KA, Ibrahim AS, Osman AM, Aly MG, Ali AS, Farrag WS. Alpha lipoic acid with pulsed radiofrequency in treatment of chronic lumbosacral radicular pain: A prospective, randomized study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26344. [PMID: 34128884 PMCID: PMC8213315 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of adding alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for treatment of lumbar-sacral pain was evaluated. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the effect of using ALA as an adjuvant therapy with PRF for treatment of chronic lumbosacral radicular pain caused by herniated disc. METHODS One hundred twenty patients with lumbo-sacral radicular pain allocated into 2 groups. Group I: treated with PRF at 42°C for 120 seconds. Group II: treated as in group I, plus oral ALA 600 mg (Thiotacid 600 mg, EVA PHARMA, Egypt) three times per day (1800 mg/day) for 3 weeks then 600 mg once daily for 2 weeks. The lumbo-sacral radicular pain evaluated using the numerical rating pain score and Oswestry Disability Index. RESULTS Success rate was significantly higher in group II at 3 and 6 months after intervention. The median values of the numerical rating pain score and the Oswestry Disability Index were significantly lower in group II with no significant difference in Epworth Sleepiness Scale. No major complications were reported in both groups. CONCLUSION The current study supports the use of ALA with PRF on the dorsal root ganglion for treating lumbosacral radicular pain.
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Zhao Y, Yan T, Xiong C, Chang M, Gao Q, Yao S, Wu W, Yi X, Xu G. Overexpression of lipoic acid synthase gene alleviates diabetic nephropathy of Leprdb/db mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002260. [PMID: 34183321 PMCID: PMC8240563 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in about 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes and remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The mechanisms of DN remain to be elucidated. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the development of DN but antioxidant therapy has produced conflicting results. Therefore, we sought to define the role of antioxidant in retarding the development of DN in this study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We generated a new antioxidant/diabetes mouse model, LiasH/HLeprdb/db mice, by crossing db/db mice with LiasH/H mice, which have overexpressed Lias gene (~160%) compared with wild type, and also correspondingly increased endogenous antioxidant capacity. The new model was used to investigate whether predisposed increased endogenous antioxidant capacity was able to retard the development of DN. We systemically and dynamically examined main pathological alterations of DN and antioxidant biomarkers in blood and kidney mitochondria. RESULTS LiasH/HLeprdb/db mice alleviated major pathological alterations in the early stage of DN, accompanied with significantly enhanced antioxidant defense. The model targets the main pathogenic factors by exerting multiple effects such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant, especially protection of mitochondria. CONCLUSION The antioxidant animal model is not only very useful for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of DN but also brings insight into a new therapeutic strategy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Meiyu Chang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiyu Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xianwen Yi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, American Samoa
| | - Guangcui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Plays a Role in Endometriosis: New Evidence on Inflammasome-Mediated Interleukin Production, Cellular Adhesion and Invasion. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020288. [PMID: 33430114 PMCID: PMC7826935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-linked gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue on extrauterine sites where it forms invasive lesions. Alterations in estrogen-mediated cellular signaling seems to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Higher estrogen receptor (ER)-β levels and enhanced ER-β activity were detected in endometriotic tissues. It is well known that ER-β interacts with components of the cytoplasmic inflammasome-3 (NALP-3), the NALP-3 activation increases interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, enhancing cellular adhesion and proliferation. Otherwise, the inhibition of ER-β activity suppresses the ectopic lesions growth. The present study aims to investigate the potential effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on NALP-3 and ER-β expression using a western blot analysis, NALP-3-induced cytokines production by ELISA, migration and invasion of immortalized epithelial (12Z) and stromal endometriotic cells (22B) using a 3D culture invasion assay, and matrix-metalloprotease (MMPs) activity using gelatin zymography. ALA significantly reduces ER-β, NALP-3 protein expression/activity and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in both 12Z and 22B cells. ALA treatment reduces cellular adhesion and invasion via a lower expression of adhesion molecules and MMPs activities. These results provide convincing evidence that ALA might inhibit endometriosis progression.
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Kang Q, Yang C. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101799. [PMID: 33248932 PMCID: PMC7767789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including diabetes and its complications. Retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the primary cause of acquired blindness in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress has been verified as one critical contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Oxidative stress can both contribute to and result from the metabolic abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia, mainly including the increased flux of the polyol pathway and hexosamine pathway, the hyper-activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Moreover, the repression of the antioxidant defense system by hyperglycemia-mediated epigenetic modification also leads to the imbalance between the scavenging and production of ROS. Excessive accumulation of ROS induces mitochondrial damage, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and structural and functional alterations in retina. Therefore, it is important to understand and elucidate the oxidative stress-related mechanisms underlying the progress of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the abnormalities correlated with oxidative stress provide multiple potential therapeutic targets to develop safe and effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Here, we also summarized the main antioxidant therapeutic strategies to control this disease. Oxidative stress can both contribute to and result from hyperglycemia-induced metabolic abnormalities in retina. Genes important in regulation of ROS are epigenetically modified, increasing ROS accumulation in retina. Oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathological changes in the progress of diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants ameliorate retinopathy through targeting multiple steps of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzheng Kang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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19
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Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 348:577362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Said RS, Mohamed HA, Kassem DH. Alpha-lipoic acid effectively attenuates ionizing radiation-mediated testicular dysfunction in rats: Crosstalk of NF-ĸB, TGF-β, and PPAR-ϒ pathways. Toxicology 2020; 442:152536. [PMID: 32649955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the principal approaches employed in the treatment of pelvic cancers. Nevertheless, testicular dysfunction and infertility are among the most common adverse effects in young adult cancer survivors. Clinically, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) has been applied to improve the quality of sperm with a satisfactory effect. Therefore, the present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of the radioprotective effects of LA against testicular damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 Gy of whole-body ϒ-radiation and LA (50 mg/kg, P.O.) was administered one week before and three days post-irradiation. LA showed remarkable capacity in preserving testicular tissue against radiation damage by improving histological and ultrastructural changes of disorganized seminiferous tubules, besides enhancing its diameter, germinal epithelial thickness, and Johnsen's score. Radiation instigated a significant decrease in sperm quality and quantity associated with depletion of serum testosterone levels, while the LA administration maintained spermatogenesis. Strikingly, LA exhibited antioxidant properties by restoring reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase and glutathione-s-transferase, besides diminishing malondialdehyde levels in the testis of irradiated group. Furthermore, LA alleviated testicular inflammation through downregulation of nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) expression with a subsequent reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, accompanied by the augmented expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, testicular fibrosis markers including Masson's trichrome and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression were noticeably declined in LA-treated irradiated rats, together with the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ϒ expression. Collectively, LA ameliorates radiation-mediated spermatogenesis-defects and testicular-damage via suppression of oxidative stress/NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Soliman Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Hamada Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Vezzani C, Fulghesu AM, Madeddu E, Amarri S, Street ME. HMGB1 is increased in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and decreases after treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:588-593. [PMID: 32054355 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1725967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS treatment should be based on pathophysiology. High-mobility-group-box-1 (HMGB1) was shown to increase in PCOS patients as a consequence of reduced cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) expression in the ovary, and was associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, both features of PCOS. Inositols and ALA derivatives could have positive effects on insulin sensitivity, reduce androgens, and improve ovulation rhythm. The aim of this study was to verify changes in HMGB1, in metabolic and endocrine parameters in adolescents with PCOS compared with controls and after treatment with a combination of MYO + ALA. Twenty-three PCOS adolescents and 21 controls matched for age and BMI were enrolled. In all subjects, metabolic and hormonal parameters were assayed. Homeostatic index (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio were calculated. Ovarian volumes were evaluated. Patients were treated with MYO + ALA for 6 months. HMGB1 was measured using a specific ELISA assay. HMGB1 was increased in PCOS compared with controls (19.76 ± 5.99 versus 5.65 ± 1.88 ng/ml; p < .05) and normalized after treatment (2.27 ± 0.36 ng/ml, p < .05). Treatment significantly reduced insulin (24.0 ± 4.11 versus 12.13 ± 2.13 uU/ml), HOMA-IR (3.91 ± 0.41 versus 2.42 ± 0.45), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.20 ± 0.15 versus 0.78 ± 0.11 ng/ml). Cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, 17-β-estradiol, delta 4-androstenedione, and testosterone were unchanged. Circulating HMGB1 was increased in PCOS adolescents, and treatment was effective in normalizing HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Vezzani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fulghesu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Madeddu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria E Street
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Altunina NV, Lizogub VG, Bondarchuk OM. Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Means of Influence on Systemic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction. J Med Life 2020; 13:32-36. [PMID: 32341698 PMCID: PMC7175430 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with combined coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus make up a growing segment of the population and require a comprehensive treatment approach. Patients with concurrent diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease have a worse projection. Under these conditions, the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction, early disability due to complications, and the risk of coronary death are increased. Therefore, the priority task is to find ways to optimize drug treatment of this category of patients, taking into account the impact of drugs on the pathogenetic links of coronary heart disease progression and the development of cardiovascular complications. One hundred twelve people were examined in the research. The patients had type 2 diabetes with a history of non-Q-myocardial infarction receiving oral antidiabetic therapy and basic therapy, including an ACE inhibitor, a β-blocker, a statin, and an antiplatelet agent. Analysis of the investigated parameters in the leading group after receiving alpha-lipoic acid for 4 months showed a significant decrease in the concentration of C-Reactive Protein, IL-6 and TNF-α. According to the results of our research, taking alpha-lipoic acid for 4 months in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent non-Q-myocardial infarction reduced the activity of systemic inflammation and did not significantly affect the content of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in patients. In light of the above, it is of interest to administer alpha-lipoic acid to these patients, considering the positive effects of the agent such as antioxidant properties, vasorelaxation, positive metabolic profile, as well as an anti-inflammatory potential.
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Tripathy J, Chowdhury AR, Prusty M, Muduli K, Priyadarshini N, Reddy KS, Banerjee B, Elangovan S. α-Lipoic acid prevents the ionizing radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances the radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172938. [PMID: 31958458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is routinely used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, its efficiency is often limited by the development of radioresistance and metastasis. The cancer cells surviving irradiation show epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with increased migration, invasion and metastasis. In this study, we have evaluated the role of α-lipoic acid in preventing the radiation-induced EMT and in sensitizing the breast cancer cells to radiation. The breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were pretreated with lipoic acid, irradiated and the changes associated with cell growth, clonogenicity, migration, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), EMT and TGFβ signaling were measured. Our data showed that lipoic acid pretreatment sensitized the breast cancer cells to the ionizing radiation and inhibited the radiation-induced migration and the release of MMP2 and MMP9. Lipoic acid also prevented the TGFβ1 release and inhibited the radiation-induced EMT in breast cancer cells. The inhibition of TGFβ signaling by lipoic acid is associated with the inhibition of radiation-induced activation and translocation of NF-κB. These results suggest that α-lipoic acid inhibits the radiation-induced TGFβ signaling and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby inhibiting the radiation-induced EMT and sensitizing the breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joytirmay Tripathy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Monica Prusty
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Kartik Muduli
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Nilima Priyadarshini
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Fruzzetti F, Benelli E, Fidecicchi T, Tonacchera M. Clinical and Metabolic Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Associated with Two Different Doses of Myo-Inositol in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:2901393. [PMID: 32256570 PMCID: PMC7106925 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2901393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of a treatment with α-lipoic acid (ALA) associated with two different doses of myo-inositol (MI) on clinical and metabolic features of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Eighty-eight women received the treatment, and 71 among them had complete clinical charts and were considered eligible for this study. All women were treated with 800 mg of ALA per day: 43 patients received 2000 mg of MI and 28 received 1000 mg of MI per day. Menstrual cyclicity, BMI, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and insulin response to a 2 h OGTT were evaluated before and after 6 months of treatment. The presence of diabetic relatives (DRs) was investigated. Cycle regularity was improved in 71.2% of women. The improvement of menstrual cyclicity occurred regardless of the state of IR and the presence of DRs of the patients. Women with IR mainly showed a significant improvement of metabolic parameters, while those without IR had significant changes of reproductive hormones. Patients with DRs did not show significant changes after the treatment. 85.7% of women taking 2000 mg of MI reported a higher improvement of menstrual regularity than those taking 1000 mg of MI (50%; p < 0.01). In conclusion, ALA + MI positively affects the menstrual regularity of women with PCOS, regardless of their metabolic phenotype, with a more evident effect with a higher dose of MI. This effect seems to be insulin independent. The presence of IR seems to be a predictor of responsivity to the treatment in terms of an improvement of the metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Fruzzetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Benelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Fidecicchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Adikwu E. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-induced hepatic perturbation in rats. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_64_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Cardiomyocytes against Heat Stroke-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Induction of Hsp70 and Activation of Autophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8187529. [PMID: 31885498 PMCID: PMC6914879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8187529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness and defined as when body temperature elevates above 40°C accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that results in multiple organ dysfunctions. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) acts as a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a variety of diseases. This study investigates the beneficial effects of ALA on myocardial injury and organ damage caused by experimental HS and further explores its underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 42°C until their rectal core temperature reached 42.9°C and ALA was pretreared 40 or 80 mg/kg (i.v.) 1.5 h prior to heat exposure. Results showed that HS-induced lethality and hypothermia were significantly alleviated by ALA treatment that also improved plasma levels of CRE, LDH, and CPK and myocardial injury biomarkers myoglobin and troponin. In addition, ALA reduced cardiac superoxide anion formation and protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 caused by HS. Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and NF-κB pathways were significantly reduced by ALA treatment which may be associated with the upregulation of Hsp70. ALA significantly increased the Atg5-12 complex and LC3B II/LC3B I ratio, whereas the p62 and p-mTOR expression was attenuated in HS rats, indicating the activation of autophagy by ALA. In conclusion, ALA ameliorated the deleterious effects of HS by exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Induction of Hsp70 and activation of autophagy contribute to the protective effects of ALA in HS-induced myocardial injury.
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Rahimlou M, Asadi M, Banaei Jahromi N, Mansoori A. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: A Systematic Review and meta- analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:16-28. [PMID: 31221283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of Alpha - Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation on metabolic parameters, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of ALA on some glycemic and inflammatory parameters. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted up from inception to July 2018 on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Embase. From among eligible trials, 41 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were performed to analyze the data. RESULTS Based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool, 19 articles had a good quality, 16 trials had a poor quality and 6 trials had a fair quality. The results demonstrated the significant effect of ALA on Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (weighted mean difference (WMD)) = -6.57, 95% confidence interval (CI: -11.91 to -1.23, P = 0.016), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.15, P = 0.004), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) (WMD = -1.57, 95% CI: -2.29 to -0.85, P < 0.05), Interleukin 6 levels (IL-6) (WMD = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.72, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.16, P > 0.001). No effect was detected for ALA on insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ALA is a viable supplement to improve some of the glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Banaei Jahromi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Alpha Lipoic Acid Improves Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress in Mice Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4093018. [PMID: 31093313 PMCID: PMC6481039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4093018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent airway collapse that causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress resulting in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that dietary ALA can improve endothelial function of mice exposed to CIH. Methods Mice were exposed to either CIH or intermittent air (IA) and treated with dietary ALA (0.2% w/w) or a regular chow diet for 8 weeks. Endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) uncoupling, systemic oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, aortic expression of inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes were measured after 8 weeks. Results Mice exposed to CIH exhibited endothelial dysfunction accompanied by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation as well as increased aortic expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CIH led to eNOS uncoupling. Treatment with dietary ALA reversed endothelial dysfunction in mice exposed to CIH, lowered systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, prevented the increases of inflammatory cytokine gene expression, increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and preserved eNOS in a coupled state. Conclusion ALA attenuates endothelial dysfunction by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability in mice exposed to CIH. Our data suggests the potential beneficial use of ALA as adjunctive therapy in OSA.
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The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8086257. [PMID: 31016198 PMCID: PMC6446120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8086257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Αlpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant in human body and has been widely used as an antioxidant clinically. Accumulating evidences suggested that α-lipoic acid might have immunomodulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immune systems. This review focuses on the evidences and potential targets involved in the immunomodulatory effects of α-lipoic acid. It highlights the fact that α-lipoic acid may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases once the immunomodulatory effects can be confirmed by further investigation.
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Ahuja S, Uniyal A, Akhtar A, Sah SP. Alpha lipoic acid and metformin alleviates experimentally induced insulin resistance and cognitive deficit by modulation of TLR2 signalling. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:614-623. [PMID: 31176103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is commonly found to be co-morbid with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In obese diabetic patients, TLR-2 receptor induced inflammation leads to the development of insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, the IR is considered to be the most important cause for promoting cognitive decline which is evident in brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease related dementia (ADRD). METHODS In this study, the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been examined in rodent model of zymosan induced insulin resistance and cognitive deficits, targeting at TLR-2 signalling. TLR-2 agonist, Zymosan initiates inflammatory cascade, resulting in IR and cognitive dysfunction. Zymosan (50 mg/kg ip) was given to mice on 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd day to induce IR which was confirmed by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidimea, increased glycated haemoglobin and HOMA-IR. Further the cognitive performance was assessed in Morris water maze revealing cognitive deficit in zymosan treated mice. RESULTS Daily treatment with ALA for 28 days (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, ip) significantly improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive performance in mice by decreasing insulin resistance, corticosterone, IL-6 levels, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in liver, cortex and hippocampus. ALA also increased adiponectin level and reduced body weight. Combination of ALA (100 mg/kg, ip) with metformin (100 mg/kg, ip) exhibited a potentiating effect in improving cognitive performance and insulin signalling. CONCLUSION The findings of the study supported the hypothesis that TLR-2 induced inflammation leads to insulin resistance and cognitive impairment and provides an evidence for the therapeutic effect of ALA in IR and ADRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Ahuja
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
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31
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Sharanova NE, Vasil'ev AV. Postgenomic Properties of Natural Micronutrients. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:107-117. [PMID: 30450516 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern medical approaches to the therapy of various diseases, including cancer, are based on the use of toxic drugs. The unfavorable side effects of traditional medicine could be counterbalanced by addition of natural bioactive substances to conventional therapy due to their mild action on cells combined with the multitargeted effects. To elucidate the real mechanisms of their biological activity, versatile approaches including a number of "omics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are used. This review highlights inclusion of bioactive natural compounds into the therapy of chronic diseases from the viewpoint of modern omics-based nutritional biochemistry. The recently accumulated data argue for necessity to employ nutrigenetic and nutrimetabolomic analyses to prevent or diminish the risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Sharanova
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Vasil'ev
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage of Retinal Neurons: Drug Development Targets for Therapies of Chronic Neurodegeneration of the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113362. [PMID: 30373222 PMCID: PMC6274960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced at low levels as a result of normal cellular metabolism that are ultimately metabolized and detoxified by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In the presence of oxidative cellular stress, ROS are produced in excess, resulting in cellular injury and death and ultimately leading to tissue and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have investigated the role of excess ROS in the pathogenesis and development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Findings from these studies are promising insofar as they provide clear rationales for innovative treatment and prevention strategies of these prevalent and disabling diseases where currently therapeutic options are limited. Here, we briefly outline recent developments that have contributed to our understanding of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. We then examine and analyze the peer-reviewed evidence in support of ROS as targets for therapy development in the area of chronic neurodegeneration of the retina.
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Lebda MA, Sadek KM, Tohamy HG, Abouzed TK, Shukry M, Umezawa M, El-Sayed YS. Potential role of α-lipoic acid and Ginkgo biloba against silver nanoparticles-induced neuronal apoptosis and blood-brain barrier impairments in rats. Life Sci 2018; 212:251-260. [PMID: 30304694 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study explored whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can disrupt tight-junctions integrity resulted in blood-brain barrier dysfunction along with oxidative stress, pro-inflammation, and apoptosis induction. Additionally, neuroprotective activities of α-lipoic acid (LA) and Ginkgo biloba (GB) were investigated. MAIN METHODS Forty adults rats were enrolled into; Control, AgNPs (50 mg/kg), LA (100 mg/kg) + AgNPs, and GB (120 mg/kg) + AgNPs. After 30 days, neuronal changes were assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Brain tissues oxidative indices, mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and tight-junction proteins and pro-apoptotic biomarker, caspase-3 were investigated. KEY FINDINGS AgNPs exposure enhanced lipid peroxidation (+195%) along with declines in glutathione (-43%), glutathione peroxidase (-34%), glutathione S-transferase (-31%), catalase (-43%), and superoxide dismutase (-38%) activities in brain tissues. The apparent brain oxidative damage was associated with obvious neuronal dysfunction that was ascertained by neuropathological lesions. AgNPs lowered serum acetylcholine esterase, iron and copper levels, and increased creatine phosphokinase and creatine phosphokinase-brain type activities. Following AgNPs exposure, brain silver and iron contents were increased, but the copper level was decreased. AgNPs up-regulated TNF-α (6.5-fold) and IL-1β (8.9-fold) transcript levels, and simultaneously over-expressed the caspase-3 protein in cerebrum and cerebellum inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, AgNPs down-regulated the transcript levels of tight-junction proteins; JP-1 (0.65-fold) and JAM-3(0.81-fold). SIGNIFICANCE LA and relatively GB improved the serious effects of AgNPs on the blood-brain barrier function and tight-junction proteins through their antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic efficacies. Co-treatment with LA or GB may be favorable in ameliorating the neurotoxic side effects of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Egypt
| | - Hossam G Tohamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Japan.
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Egypt.
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Ames PRJ, Bucci T, Merashli M, Amaral M, Arcaro A, Gentile F, Nourooz-Zadeh J, DelgadoAlves J. Oxidative/nitrative stress in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: are antioxidants beneficial? Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1063-1082. [PMID: 30226391 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1525712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease: characterised from the clinical side by progressive vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and different organs and from the biochemical side by fibroblast deregulation with excessive production of collagen and increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4). The latter contributes to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species that through an autocrine loop maintains NOX4 in a state of activation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are implicated in the origin and perpetuation of several clinical manifestations of SSc having vascular damage in common; attempts to dampen oxidative and nitrative stress through different agents with antioxidant properties have not translated into a sustained clinical benefit. Objective of this narrative review is to describe the origin and clinical implications of oxidative and nitrative stress in SSc, with particular focus on the central role of NOX4 and its interactions, to re-evaluate the antioxidant approaches so far used to limit disease progression, to appraise the complexity of antioxidant treatment and to touch on novel pathways elements of which may represent specific treatment targets in the not so distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R J Ames
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Department of Haematology , Dumfries Royal Infirmary , Dumfries , UK
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- c Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Salerno , Baronissi , Italy
| | - Mira Merashli
- d Department of Rheumatology , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Marta Amaral
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- e Department of Medicine & Health Sciences , Universita' del Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- e Department of Medicine & Health Sciences , Universita' del Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Jaffar Nourooz-Zadeh
- f Nephrology & Kidney Transplantation Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Jose DelgadoAlves
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal.,g Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Medicine 4 , Hospital Fernando Fonseca , Amadora , Portugal
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Fratantonio D, Speciale A, Molonia MS, Bashllari R, Palumbo M, Saija A, Cimino F, Monastra G, Virgili F. Alpha-lipoic acid, but not di-hydrolipoic acid, activates Nrf2 response in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and protects against TNF-α induced endothelium dysfunction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 655:18-25. [PMID: 30096293 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidants role in cell response regulation attracted great interest in the last decades and it is undergoing to a profound reconsideration. The mere concept of "biological antioxidant" has been frequently misconceived or misused, possibly leading to the misinterpretation of some experimental observation. Organosulfur compounds in general and α-lipoic acid, a dithiol molecule, can be considered a typical example of the kind. Reduced α-lipoic acid, dehydrolipoic acid has been in fact originally considered a bona fide, reducing, electron donor molecule. A more recent approach, according to stoichiometric and thermodynamic evidences, lead to a reinterpretation of the biochemical role of "antioxidants". The electrophilic nature of oxidized nucleophilic molecules, including α-lipoic acid, renders more plausible a mechanism based on the ability to activate Nrf2/EpRE mediated hormetic response. In this study, we demonstrate that nmolar concentrations of oxidized α-lipoic acid, but not dehydrolipoic acid, protect human umbilical primary endothelial cells (HUVEC) from TNF-α induced dysfunction, inhibit NF-κB activation and block apoptosis following the activation of Nrf2 transcription factor. Our observations corroborate the concept that the major, if not the unique, mechanism by which α-lipoic acid can non-enzymatically exert its reducing activity is related to the electrophilic nature of the oxidized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fratantonio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M S Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Palumbo
- Institute of Obstetric and Gynecological Pathology, Santo Bambino Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - G Monastra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - F Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (CREA - AN), Italy
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Frondoza CG, Fortuno LV, Grzanna MW, Ownby SL, Au AY, Rashmir-Raven AM. α-Lipoic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables in Chondrocyte Cultures. Cartilage 2018; 9:304-312. [PMID: 29156944 PMCID: PMC6042030 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516686146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) play major roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Although current pharmacologic treatments reduce inflammation, their prolonged use is associated with deleterious side effects prompting the search for safer and effective alternative strategies. The present study evaluated whether chondrocyte production of PGE2 can be suppressed by the combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) and α-lipoic acid (LA). Design Chondrocytes from articular cartilage of equine joints were incubated for 24 hours with: (1) control media, (2) ASU, (3) LA, or (4) ASU + LA combination. Cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours and supernatants were immunoassayed for PGE2. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) analyses were performed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot following 1 hour of activation with IL-1β. Results LPS, IL-1β, or H2O2 significantly increased PGE2 production. ASU or LA alone suppressed PGE2 production in LPS and IL-1β activated cells. Only LA alone at 2.5 µg/mL was inhibitory in H2O2-activated chondrocytes. ASU + LA inhibited more than either agent alone in all activated cells. ASU + LA also inhibited the IL-1β induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that chondrocyte PGE2 production can be inhibited by the combination of ASU + LA more effectively than either ASU or LA alone. Inhibition of PGE2 production is associated with the suppression of NF-κB translocation. The potent inhibitory effect of ASU + LA on PGE2 production could offer a potential advantage for a combination anti-inflammatory/antioxidant approach in the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita G. Frondoza
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA,Carmelita G. Frondoza, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann M. Rashmir-Raven
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Irwin MH, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K. A New Approach to Treating Neurodegenerative Otologic Disorders. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:107-115. [PMID: 30069423 PMCID: PMC6069589 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss, the most common neurological disorder and the fourth leading cause of years lived with disability, can have profound effects on quality of life. The impact of this "invisible disability," with significant consequences, economic and personal, is most substantial in low- and middle-income countries, where >80% of affected people live. Given the importance of hearing for communication, enjoyment, and safety, with up to 500 million affected globally at a cost of nearly $800 billion/year, research on new approaches toward prevention and treatment is attracting increased attention. The consequences of noise pollution are largely preventable, but irreversible hearing loss can result from aging, disease, or drug side effects. Once damage occurs, treatment relies on hearing aids and cochlear implants. Preventing, delaying, or reducing some degree of hearing loss may be possible by avoiding excessive noise and addressing major contributory factors such as cardiovascular risk. However, given the magnitude of the problem, these interventions alone are unlikely to be sufficient. Recent advances in understanding principal mechanisms that govern hearing function, together with new drug discovery paradigms designed to identify efficacious therapies, bode well for pharmaceutical intervention. This review surveys various causes of loss of auditory function and discusses potential neurological underpinnings, including mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria mitigate cell protection, survival, and function and may succumb to cumulative degradation of energy production and performance; the end result is cell death. Energy-demanding neurons and vestibulocochlear hair cells are vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction, and hearing impairment and deafness are characteristic of neurodegenerative mitochondrial disease phenotypes. Beyond acting as cellular powerhouses, mitochondria regulate immune responses to infections, and studies of this phenomenon have aided in identifying nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element signaling as targets for discovery of otologic drugs, respectively, suppressing or upregulating these pathways. Treatment with free radical scavenging antioxidants is one therapeutic approach, with lipoic acid and corresponding carnitine esters exhibiting improved biodistribution and other features showing promise. These compounds are also histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, adding epigenetic modulation to the mechanistic milieu through which they act. These data suggest that new drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and modulating epigenetic pathways via HDAC inhibition or other mechanisms hold great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, Office for Science & Society, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael H. Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
- Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia
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Neuroprotective evidence of alpha-lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on memory deficit in a neuroendocrine model of depression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:803-817. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Micili SC, Goker A, Kuscu K, Ergur BU, Fuso A. α-Lipoic Acid Vaginal Administration Contrasts Inflammation and Preterm Delivery in Rats. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:128-138. [PMID: 29631479 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a safe natural molecule involved in the immunomodulation of many physiological processes. Orally administered ALA has been reported to treat several inflammatory pathologies and support pregnancy. Our study aimed at testing ALA vaginal administration in female Wistar rats evaluating its tissue distribution (experiment I), impact on implantation process (experiment II), and effectiveness in contrasting induced preterm birth (experiment III). In experiment I, rats were intravaginally treated with 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg ALA, or with a physiologic solution, for 4 days. α-Lipoic acid distribution in uterus and cervical tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses. In experiment II, rats received intravaginally the above treatments for 5 days, then they were mated and, if pregnant, included in the experiment to evaluate both implantation rate and the content of implantation mediators in uterus tissues. In experiment III, pregnant rats were pretreated with placebo or with vaginal ALA for 4 days and then induced to delivery with mifepristone plus PGE2 on the 19th day of pregnancy. The delivery time was recorded, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in the uterine tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was also performed. Results showed that vaginal ALA was well absorbed and distributed. The treatment did not affect the implantation process and was able to significantly revert mifepristone plus prostaglandin E2 effects, delaying the timing of delivery and significantly decreasing mRNA synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We provide for the first time new information on vaginal ALA use, even during pregnancy, opening a perspective for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Cilaker Micili
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Goker
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kuscu
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andrea Fuso
- 3 Department of Surgery "P. Valdoni," Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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Ambrosi N, Guerrieri D, Caro F, Sanchez F, Haeublein G, Casadei D, Incardona C, Chuluyan E. Alpha Lipoic Acid: A Therapeutic Strategy that Tend to Limit the Action of Free Radicals in Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010102. [PMID: 29300330 PMCID: PMC5796052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ replacement is an option to mitigate irreversible organ damage. This procedure has achieved a considerable degree of acceptance. However, several factors significantly limit its effectiveness. Among them, the initial inflammatory graft reaction due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a fundamental influence on the short and long term organ function. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the IRI actively participates in these adverse events. Therapeutic strategies that tend to limit the action of free radicals could result in beneficial effects in transplantation outcome. Accordingly, the anti-oxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) have been proved to be protective in several animal experimental models and humans. In a clinical trial, ALA was found to decrease hepatic IRI after hepatic occlusion and resection. Furthermore, the treatment of cadaveric donor and recipient with ALA had a protective effect in the short-term outcome in simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplanted patients. These studies support ALA as a drug to mitigate the damage caused by IRI and reinforce the knowledge about the deleterious consequences of ROS on graft injury in transplantation. The goal of this review is to overview the current knowledge about ROS in transplantation and the use of ALA to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Ambrosi
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Diego Guerrieri
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Fiorella Caro
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Sanchez
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Geraldine Haeublein
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Domingo Casadei
- Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Nephrology, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Incardona
- GADOR SA, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
- Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Chuluyan
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Nephrology, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
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Berkson BM, Calvo Riera F. The Long-Term Survival of a Patient With Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma Following an Integrative Treatment Approach Including the Intravenous α-Lipoic Acid/Low-Dose Naltrexone Protocol. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 17:986-993. [PMID: 29258346 PMCID: PMC6142095 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417747984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we describe the treatment of a 64-year-old male patient
diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in June of 2008. In spite
of a left nephrectomy and the standard oncological protocols, the patient
developed a solitary left lung metastasis that continued to grow. He was
informed that given his diagnosis and poor response to conventional therapy, any
further treatment would, at best, be palliative. The patient arrived at the
Integrative Medical Center of New Mexico in August of 2010. He was in very poor
health, weak, and cachectic. An integrative program—developed by one of the
authors using intravenous (IV) α-lipoic acid, IV vitamin C, low-dose naltrexone,
and hydroxycitrate, and a healthy life style program—was initiated. From August
2010 to August 2015, the patient’s RCC with left lung metastasis was followed
closely using computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed
tomography imaging. His most recent positron emission tomography scan
demonstrated no residual increased glucose uptake in his left lung. After only a
few treatments of IV α-lipoic acid and IV vitamin C, his symptoms began to
improve, and the patient regained his baseline weight. His energy and outlook
improved, and he returned to work. The patient had stable disease with
disappearance of the signs and symptoms of stage IV RCC, a full 9 years
following diagnosis, with a gentle integrative program, which is essentially
free of side effects. As of November 2017 the patient feels well and is working
at his full-time job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burton M Berkson
- 1 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.,2 The Integrative Medical Center of New Mexico, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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Dinicola S, Proietti S, Cucina A, Bizzarri M, Fuso A. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Downregulates IL-1β and IL-6 by DNA Hypermethylation in SK-N-BE Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040074. [PMID: 28954414 PMCID: PMC5745484 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a pleiotropic molecule with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, of which the effects are exerted through the modulation of NF-kB. This nuclear factor, in fact, modulates different inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b and IL-6, in different tissues and cell types. We recently showed that IL-1b and IL-6 DNA methylation is modulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, and that IL-1b expression is associated to DNA methylation in the brain of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. These results prompted us to ask whether ALA-induced repression of IL-1b and IL-6 was dependent on DNA methylation. Therefore, we profiled DNA methylation in the 5'-flanking region of the two aforementioned genes in SK-N-BE human neuroblastoma cells cultured in presence of ALA 0.5 mM. Our experimental data pointed out that the two promoters are hypermethylated in cells supplemented with ALA, both at CpG and non-CpG sites. Moreover, the observed hypermethylation is associated with decreased mRNA expression and decreased cytokine release. These results reinforce previous findings indicating that IL-1b and IL-6 undergo DNA methylation-dependent modulation in neural models and pave the road to study the epigenetic mechanisms triggered by ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Differential peripheral blood methylation by α-lipoic acid and EPA supplementation in overweight or obese women during a weight loss program. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Biochemical and clinical relevance of alpha lipoic acid: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, molecular pathways and therapeutic potential. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:947-959. [PMID: 28676917 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular nature of lipoic acid (LA) clarifies its capability of taking part to a variety of biochemical reactions where redox state is meaningful. The pivotal action of LA is the antioxidant activity due to its ability to scavenge and inactivate free radicals. Furthermore, LA has been shown to chelate toxic metals both directly and indirectly by its capability to enhance intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. This last property is due to its ability to interact with GSH and recycle endogenous GSH. LA exhibits significant antioxidant activity protecting against oxidative damage in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, LA is unique among natural antioxidants for its capability to satisfy a lot of requirements, making it a potentially highly effective therapeutic agent for many conditions related with oxidative damage. In particular, there are evidences showing that LA has therapeutic activity in lowering glucose levels in diabetic conditions. Similarly, LA supplementation has multiple beneficial effects on the regression of the mitochondrial function and on oxidative stress associated with several diseases and aging. AIM The aim of the present review is to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of LA under various experimental conditions and disease and how to exploit such effect for clinical purposes. CONCLUSION LA has pleiotropic effects in different pathways related with several diseases, its use as a potential therapeutic agent is very promising.
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Leppert U, Gillespie A, Orphal M, Böhme K, Plum C, Nagorsen K, Berkholz J, Kreutz R, Eisenreich A. The impact of α-Lipoic acid on cell viability and expression of nephrin and ZNF580 in normal human podocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:1-8. [PMID: 28606850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human podocytes (hPC) are essential for maintaining normal kidney function and dysfunction or loss of hPC play a pivotal role in the manifestation and progression of chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Previously, α-Lipoic acid (α-LA), a licensed drug for treatment of diabetic neuropathy, was shown to exhibit protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in vivo. However, the effect of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of α-LA on cell viability and expression of nephrin and zinc finger protein 580 (ZNF580) in normal hPC in vitro. Protein analyses were done via Western blot techniques. Cell viability was determined using a functional assay. hPC viability was dynamically modulated via α-LA stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This was associated with reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression and increased nephrin phosphorylation in normal hPC. Moreover, α-LA reduced nephrin and ZNF580 protein expression via 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) inhibition. These data demonstrate that low α-LA had no negative influence on hPC viability, whereas, high α-LA concentrations induced cytotoxic effects on normal hPC and reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression via NF-κB inhibition. These data provide first novel information about potential cytotoxic effects of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leppert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Allan Gillespie
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Orphal
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Böhme
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Plum
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaj Nagorsen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Berkholz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany.
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Murina F, Graziottin A, Felice R, Gambini D. Alpha Lipoic Acid Plus Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Vestibulodynia Associated With Painful Bladder Syndrome. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 39:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Colonic and Hepatic Modulation by Lipoic Acid and/or N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Mild Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4047362. [PMID: 27957238 PMCID: PMC5124475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4047362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that have not yet been tested on mild ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to evaluate the action of LA and/or NAC, on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in colonic and hepatic rat tissues with mild UC, induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (2% w/v). LA and/or NAC (100 mg·kg·day-1, each) were given, once a day, in the diet, in a pretreatment phase (7 days) and during UC induction (5 days). Colitis induction was confirmed by histological and biochemical analyses (high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, and Multiplex®). A redox imbalance occurred before an immunological disruption in the colon. NAC led to a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. In the liver, DSS did not cause damage but treatments with both antioxidants were potentially harmful, with LA increasing MDA and LA + NAC increasing H2O2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and transaminases. In summary, NAC exhibited the highest colonic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, while LA + NAC caused hepatic damage.
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Moos WH, Pinkert CA, Irwin MH, Faller DV, Kodukula K, Glavas IP, Steliou K. Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections. Drug Dev Res 2016; 78:24-36. [PMID: 27761936 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,PhenoMatriX, Boston, Massachusetts
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Monastra G, De Grazia S, Cilaker Micili S, Goker A, Unfer V. Immunomodulatory activities of alpha lipoic acid with a special focus on its efficacy in preventing miscarriage. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1695-1708. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monastra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University la Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Grazia
- Department of Research and Development, LO.LI. Pharma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Asli Goker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, UNIIPUS – Private Swiss University Institute, Chiasso, Switzerland
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