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Kurashima CK, Ng PK, Kendal-Wright CE. RAGE against the Machine: Can Increasing Our Understanding of RAGE Help Us to Battle SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6359. [PMID: 35742804 PMCID: PMC9224312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor that is thought to be a key driver of inflammation in pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, and also in the comorbidities that are known to aggravate these afflictions. In addition to this, vulnerable populations are particularly susceptible to the negative health outcomes when these afflictions are experienced in concert. RAGE binds a number of ligands produced by tissue damage and cellular stress, and its activation triggers the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), with the subsequent generation of key proinflammatory cytokines. While this is important for fetal membrane weakening, RAGE is also activated at the end of pregnancy in the uterus, placenta, and cervix. The comorbidities of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity are known to lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, and particularly in populations such as Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. They have also been linked to RAGE activation when individuals are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we propose that increasing our understanding of this receptor system will help us to understand how these various afflictions converge, how forms of RAGE could be used as a biomarker, and if its manipulation could be used to develop future therapeutic targets to help those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Kurashima
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (C.K.K.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Po’okela K. Ng
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (C.K.K.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Claire E. Kendal-Wright
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (C.K.K.); (P.K.N.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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2
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Schuster J, Tollefson GA, Zarate V, Agudelo A, Stabila J, Ragavendran A, Padbury J, Uzun A. Protein Network Analysis of Whole Exome Sequencing of Severe Preeclampsia. Front Genet 2022; 12:765985. [PMID: 35719905 PMCID: PMC9201216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.765985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which complicates up to 15% of US deliveries. It is an idiopathic disorder associated with several different phenotypes. We sought to determine if the genetic architecture of preeclampsia can be described by clusters of patients with variants in genes in shared protein interaction networks. We performed a case-control study using whole exome sequencing on early onset preeclamptic mothers with severe clinical features and control mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies between 2016 and 2020. A total of 143 patients were enrolled, 61 women with early onset preeclampsia with severe features based on ACOG criteria, and 82 control women at term, matched for race and ethnicity. A network analysis and visualization tool, Proteinarium, was used to confirm there are clusters of patients with shared gene networks associated with severe preeclampsia. The majority of the sequenced patients appear in two significant clusters. We identified one case dominant and one control dominant cluster. Thirteen genes were unique to the case dominated cluster. Among these genes, LAMB2, PTK2, RAC1, QSOX1, FN1, and VCAM1 have known associations with the pathogenic mechanisms of preeclampsia. Using bioinformatic analysis, we were able to identify subsets of patients with shared protein interaction networks, thus confirming our hypothesis about the genetic architecture of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schuster
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Valeria Zarate
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anthony Agudelo
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joan Stabila
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ashok Ragavendran
- Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Computational Biology of Human Disease, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James Padbury
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alper Uzun
- Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Computational Biology of Human Disease, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Alper Uzun,
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3
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Domínguez-Perles R, Gil-Izquierdo A, Ferreres F, Medina S. Update on oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnant women, unborn children (nasciturus), and newborns - Nutritional and dietary effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:38-51. [PMID: 30902759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The scientific background of perinatal pathology, regarding both mother and offspring, from the lipidomic perspective, has highlighted the possibility of identifying new, promising clinical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, closely related to the normal development of unborn and newborn children, together with their application. In this regard, in recent years, significant advances have been achieved, assisted by both newly developed analytical tools and basic knowledge on the biological implications of oxylipins. Hence, in the light of this recent progress, this review aims to provide an update on the relevance of human oxylipins during pregnancy and in the unborn and newborn child, covering two fundamental aspects. Firstly, the evidence from human clinical studies and dietary intervention trials will be used to shed light on the extent to which dietary supplementation can modulate the lipidomic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the perinatal state, emphasizing the role of the placenta and metabolic disturbances in the mother and fetus. The second part of this article comprises a review of existing data on specific pathophysiological aspects of human reproduction, in relation to lipidomic markers in pregnant women, unborn children, and newborn children. The information reviewed here evidences the current opportunity to correct reproductive disturbances, in the framework of lipidomics, by fine-tuning dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - F Ferreres
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Medina
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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4
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Maeda KJ, Showmaker KC, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Sasser JM. Spontaneous superimposed preeclampsia: chronology and expression unveiled by temporal transcriptomic analysis. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:342-355. [PMID: 31125289 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a multifactorial pregnancy-specific syndrome accounting for up to 8% of pregnancy complications, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. PE is also associated with long-term risk of hypertension and stroke for both mother and fetus. Currently, the only "cure" is delivery of the baby and placenta, largely because the pathogenesis of PE is not yet fully understood. PE is associated with impaired vascular remodeling at the maternal-fetal interface and placental insufficiency; however, specific factors contributing to this impairment have not been identified. To identify molecular pathways involved in PE, we examined temporal transcriptomic changes occurring within the uterus, uterine implantation sites, and placentae from the Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rat model of superimposed PE compared with Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We hypothesized that targeted gene analysis and whole transcriptome analysis would identify genetic factors that contribute to development of the preeclamptic phenotype in the Dahl S rat and unveil novel biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and mechanistic pathways in PE. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and whole genome microarray analysis were performed on isolated total RNA from uterus (day 0), uterine implantation sites (days 7 and 10), and placenta (days 14 and 20). We found 624, 332, 185, and 366 genes to be differentially expressed between Dahl S (PE) and SD (normal pregnancy) on days 0, 7, 10, and 14, respectively. Our data revealed numerous pathways that may play a role in the pathophysiology of spontaneous superimposed PE and allow for further investigation of novel therapeutic targets and biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji J Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kurt C Showmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Molecular and Genomics Core, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Molecular and Genomics Core, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Molecular and Genomics Core, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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5
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Afkham A, Eghbal-Fard S, Heydarlou H, Azizi R, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Toll-like receptors signaling network in pre-eclampsia: An updated review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2229-2240. [PMID: 30221394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune cells receptors. They are expressed on leukocytes, epithelial cells, and more particularly on placental immune cells and chorion trophoblast. Upregulation of innate immune response occurs during normal pregnancy, but its excessive activity is involved in the pathology of pregnancy complications including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia (PE). The recent studies about the overmuch inflammatory responses and aberrant placentation are associated with increased expression of TLRs in PE patients. This review has tried to focus on the relationship between some activities of TLRs and the risk of preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Afkham
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Eghbal-Fard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Heydarlou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramyar Azizi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Luo Q, Han X. Second-trimester maternal serum markers in the prediction of preeclampsia. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:809-816. [PMID: 27935854 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether late second-trimester maternal serum biomarkers are useful for the prediction of preeclampsia during the third trimester, a case-control study including 33 preeclamptic and 71 healthy pregnancies was conducted. Maternal serum concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13), pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A), pentraxin3 (PTX3), soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), myostatin and follistatin-like-3 (FSLT-3) were measured at 24-28 weeks' gestation. All the concentrations of these markers were compared between the preeclamptic and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to assess sensitivity and specificity of serum markers with significant difference. RESULTS The levels of PP13 and sFlt-1 were significantly increased and FSLT3 was significantly decreased in patients with preeclampsia. However, the concentration of PAPPA, PTX3 and myostatin did not differ significantly. In screening for preeclampsia during the third trimester by PP13, sFlt-1 and FSLT3, the detection rate was 61.3%, 48.1% and 39.1%, respectively, at 80% specificity, and the detection rate increased to 69.8% by combination of these three markers. CONCLUSION Maternal serum levels of PP13, sFlt-1 and FSLT3 play an important role in predicting late-onset preeclampsia, and the combination of these three markers significantly increases the detection rate for prediction.
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7
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Lopez Gelston CA, Mitchell BM. Recent Advances in Immunity and Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:643-652. [PMID: 28200062 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent immune system activation plays an important role in the development of various forms of hypertension. Activation of the innate immune system, inflammation, and subsequent adaptive immune system response causing end-organ injury and dysfunction ultimately leads to hypertension and its associated sequelae including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. In this review, we will provide updates on the innate and adaptive immune cells involved in hypertension, the current understanding of how the immune system gets activated, and examine the recently discovered mechanisms involved in several forms of experimental hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A Lopez Gelston
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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8
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We focus our attention on placental genes that are repressed in preeclampsia. METHODS A search was conducted through the online PubMed database. RESULTS A majority of the down-regulated genes appear to be evolved as the defense and protective mechanism for the mother, namely maternal fitness genes. A half of the down-regulated genes are also located within and in close proximity to known imprinted genes. CONCLUSION Preeclampsia may be associated with either: (1) down-regulated expression of genes located in close proximity to known imprinted genes, (2) an imbalance in the maternal-fetal genetic response, or (3) an interaction of the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan
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9
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Bobek G, Surmon L, Mirabito KM, Makris A, Hennessy A. Placental Regulation of Inflammation and Hypoxia after TNF-α Infusion in Mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26220019 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated in the serum of women with pre-eclampsia. TNF-α infusion in animal models induces proteinuric hypertension similar to human pre-eclampsia. The effect of TNF-α on regulation of the immune and hypoxic pathways in the developing placenta and their relationship with experimental pre-eclampsia remains unexamined. METHOD OF STUDY TNF-α was infused into pregnant mice, and the effects on maternal hypertension, proteinuria, circulating levels of sFlt-1 and corresponding placental changes in molecules responding to inflammation (TLR-3 and TLR-4) and hypoxia (HIF-1α) were examined. RESULTS TNF-α infusion resulted in maternal hypertension and proteinuria. Molecular changes in the placenta involved upregulation of TLR-3, TLR-4 and HIF-1α. Serum levels of sFlt-1 were high in pregnant animals, but not further upregulated by TNF-α infusion. CONCLUSION A role for maladaptive regulation of TLR and HIF-1α induced by an imbalance in inflammatory cytokines is implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bobek
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Surmon
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Angela Makris
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital, Renal Unit Liverpool, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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The Impact of Maternal-Fetal Genetic Conflict Situations on the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:223-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Duriez M, Quillay H, Madec Y, El Costa H, Cannou C, Marlin R, de Truchis C, Rahmati M, Barré-Sinoussi F, Nugeyre MT, Menu E. Human decidual macrophages and NK cells differentially express Toll-like receptors and display distinct cytokine profiles upon TLR stimulation. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:316. [PMID: 25071732 PMCID: PMC4076550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternofetal pathogen transmission is partially controlled at the level of the maternal uterine mucosa at the fetal implantation site (the decidua basalis), where maternal and fetal cells are in close contact. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play an important role in initiating rapid immune responses against pathogens in the decidua basalis, however the tolerant microenvironment should be preserved in order to allow fetal development. Here we investigated the expression and functionality of TLRs expressed by decidual macrophages (dMs) and NK cells (dNKs), the major decidual immune cell populations. We report for the first time that both human dMs and dNK cells express mRNAs encoding TLRs 1-9, albeit with a higher expression level in dMs. TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 protein expression checked by flow cytometry was positive for both dMs and dNK cells. In vitro treatment of primary dMs and dNK cells with specific TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 agonists enhanced their secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as cytokines and chemokines involved in immune cell crosstalk. Only dNK cells released IFN-γ, whereas only dMs released IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12. TLR9 activation of dMs resulted in a distinct pattern of cytokine expression compared to the other TLRs. The cytokine profiles expressed by dMs and dNK cells upon TLR activation are compatible with maintenance of the fetotolerant immune environment during initiation of immune responses to pathogens at the maternofetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Duriez
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France ; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM U1135, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Quillay
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France ; Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur Paris, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Claude Cannou
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- UMR-CNRS-5164-CIRID, Université Bordeaux 2 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire de Truchis
- Gynecology-Obstetrics Service, A. Béclère Hospital, AP-HP Clamart, France
| | - Mona Rahmati
- Gynecology-Obstetrics Service, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital AP-HP Paris, France
| | - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Nugeyre
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie Paris, France
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12
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Xu Z, Zhao F, Lin F, Xiang H, Wang N, Ye D, Huang Y. Preeclampsia is associated with a deficiency of lipoxin A4, an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:282-290.e4. [PMID: 24796762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) deficiency results in preeclampsia. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING Patient and animal research facilities. ANIMAL(S) Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION(S) We measured LXA4 and its biosynthetic enzymes, blocked the LXA4 signaling pathway, treated experimental rats with preeclampsia with LXA4, and detected inflammatory factors, FPR2/ALX, and 11β-HSD2 to systematically test whether lack of LXA4 results in preeclampsia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We measured serum levels of LXA4 and inflammatory factors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; detected LXA4 biosynthetic enzymes, inflammatory factors, FPR2/ALX, and 11β-HSD2 mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR; and localized protein expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULT(S) FPR2/ALX and LXA4 and its biosynthetic enzymes were found to be decreased in women with preeclampsia. Replenishing LXA4 improved the symptoms of lipopolysaccharide-induced rats with preeclampsia, while blocking LXA4 signaling resulted in preeclampsia. LXA4 significantly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IFN-γ but increased IL-10, LXA4 up-regulated 11β-HSD2. CONCLUSION(S) A deficiency of LXA4 may result in preeclampsia, which might be ascribed to a reduction in inflammation response, oxidative stress, and regulation of 11β-HSD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangye Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiu Xiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is necessary for successful pregnancy; however, excessive inflammation plays a central role in the development of the pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder preeclampsia. Numerous anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased in women with preeclampsia but the role of individual cytokines in blood pressure regulation during pregnancy is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether the lack of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) would be sufficient to elicit a preeclampsia-like syndrome in mice, and when coupled with immune system activation that these symptoms would be further augmented. METHODS Measures of splenic immune cells, placental inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function, and urinary protein excretion were performed in pregnant IL-4-deficient mice as well as in pregnant IL-4-deficient mice treated with the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic (poly I:C). RESULTS Pregnant IL-4-deficient mice exhibited altered splenic immune cell subsets, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, placental inflammation, mild hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and proteinuria compared to pregnant control mice. Compared to pregnant control mice treated with poly I:C which exhibit preeclampsia-like symptoms, poly I:C-treated pregnant IL-4-deficient mice exhibited a further increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, which was associated with augmented SBP and endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data show that the absence of IL-4 is sufficient to induce mild preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice due to excessive inflammation. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-4 are important in preventing hypertension during pregnancy.
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14
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Wujcicka W, Wilczyński J, Nowakowska D. Alterations in TLRs as new molecular markers of congenital infections with Human cytomegalovirus? Pathog Dis 2013; 70:3-16. [PMID: 23929630 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in non-specific immunity against various infections. The most common intrauterine infection, caused by Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), results in perinatal morbidity and mortality of primary infected fetuses. The induction of immune response by TLRs was observed in HCMV infections in murine models and cell lines cultured in vitro. Studies reported an immunological response in pregnant women with primary HCMV infection and TLR2 activity in collecting of HCMV particles in placental syncytiotrophoblasts (STs) in vivo and cultured ST, and in stimulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression and damage of villous trophoblast. Expression levels of TLRs are associated with cell type, stage of pregnancy and response to microorganisms. We show the effect of HCMV infection on the development of pregnancy as well as the effect of TLR single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the occurrence and course of infectious diseases, immune response and diseases of pregnancy. We report the impact of TLRs on the function of miRNAs and the altered expression levels of these molecules, as observed in HCMV infections. We suggest that the methylation status of TLR gene promoter regions as epigenetic modifications may be significant in the immune response to HCMV infections. We conclude that it is important to study in detail the molecular mechanisms of TLR function in the immune response to HCMV infections in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Wujcicka
- Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Umbilical artery chemokine CCL16 is associated with preterm preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Cytokine 2012; 60:377-84. [PMID: 22857868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines and growth factors synthesized by placental trophoblasts are suggested to induce endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and affect angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate cord blood and placental immunoproteins in order to find new clues on pathogenetic factors of preterm preeclampsia. METHODS Cord blood samples were collected on 163 consecutive preterm deliveries prior to 32 gestational weeks. Placental function, clinical risk factors and 107 umbilical artery immunoproteins were analyzed. Classification and regression trees analysis was used to detect associations between the immunoproteins, clinical parameters and preterm preeclampsia. Placental expression of the immunoproteins and their receptors were subsequently investigated. RESULTS Preeclampsia complicated 34% of the pregnancies in this preterm cohort. Umbilical artery CCL16, CCL24, and CCL23 were associated with preeclampsia, CCL16 showing the strongest relationship with an OR (95% CI) of 24.5 (5.4-112.0). High umbilical artery CCL16 was also characteristic to fetuses with severe growth restriction (<3rd percentile). CCL16, CCL24 and their receptors, CCR1 and CCR3 were expressed in preeclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS High umbilical artery CCL16 is prominently detected in preterm preeclamptic pregnancies with severe growth restriction. A link to compensatory proangiogenic mechanisms has to be considered.
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Wang Y, Sugita N, Kikuchi A, Iwanaga R, Hirano E, Shimada Y, Sasahara J, Tanaka K, Yoshie H. FcγRIIB-nt645+25A/G gene polymorphism and periodontitis in Japanese women with preeclampsia. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:492-500. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Peripheral RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts)-ligands in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia: novel markers of inflammatory response. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 93:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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