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Heng W, Wang T, Wei F, Yang F, Chen C, Yu Z, Du M, Qian J, Zhou C. EYA4 reduces chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma to doxorubicin through DNA damage repair. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116366. [PMID: 38876260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Eyes Absent 4 (EYA4) influences the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Notably, studies have established that EYA4 can also limit tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EYA4 in conferring drug resistance in osteosarcoma (OS). Bioinformatics, histological, and cellular analyses revealed that the expression level of EYA4 was higher in OS tissues than in healthy tissues/cells and in resistant tissues/cells compared with sensitive tissues/cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that EYA4 knockdown increased the sensitivity of OS to doxorubicin (DOX). Conversely, overexpression of EYA4 decreased the sensitivity of OS to DOX. Exploration of the resistance mechanism exposed that EYA4 facilitates DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, a typical mode of DNA damage repair (DDR). Subsequently, our findings indicated that EYA4 could directly interact with histone H2AX to activate the DDR pathway. Taken together, our observations indicated that EYA4 may serve as a target molecule for reversing drug resistance in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Heng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Feilong Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Mingrui Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Western Theater Command Air Force Hospital, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jixian Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Chengpei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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2
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Reshi HA, Medishetti R, Ahuja A, Balasubramanian D, Babu K, Jaiswal M, Chatti K, Maddika S. EYA protein complex is required for Wntless retrograde trafficking from endosomes to Golgi. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00339-3. [PMID: 38870942 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Retrograde transport of WLS (Wntless) from endosomes to trans-Golgi network (TGN) is required for efficient Wnt secretion during development. However, the molecular players connecting endosomes to TGN during WLS trafficking are limited. Here, we identified a role for Eyes Absent (EYA) proteins during retrograde trafficking of WLS to TGN in human cell lines. By using worm, fly, and zebrafish models, we found that the EYA-secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3 (SCAMP3) axis is evolved in vertebrates. EYAs form a complex and interact with retromer on early endosomes. Retromer-bound EYA complex recruits SCAMP3 to endosomes, which is necessary for the fusion of WLS-containing endosomes to TGN. Loss of EYA complex or SCAMP3 leads to defective transport of WLS to TGN and failed Wnt secretion. EYA mutations found in patients with hearing loss form a dysfunctional EYA-retromer complex that fails to activate Wnt signaling. These findings identify the EYA complex as a component of retrograde trafficking of WLS from the endosome to TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Reshi
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Raghavender Medishetti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Aishwarya Ahuja
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Kavita Babu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Kiranam Chatti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Subbareddy Maddika
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India.
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3
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Alderman C, Anderson R, Zhang L, Hughes CJ, Li X, Ebmeier C, Wagley ME, Ahn NG, Ford HL, Zhao R. Biochemical characterization of the Eya and PP2A-B55α interaction. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107408. [PMID: 38796066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The eyes absent (Eya) proteins were first identified as co-activators of the six homeobox family of transcription factors and are critical in embryonic development. These proteins are also re-expressed in cancers after development is complete, where they drive tumor progression. We have previously shown that the Eya3 N-terminal domain (NTD) contains Ser/Thr phosphatase activity through an interaction with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55α holoenzyme and that this interaction increases the half-life of Myc through pT58 dephosphorylation. Here, we showed that Eya3 directly interacted with the NTD of Myc, recruiting PP2A-B55α to Myc. We also showed that Eya3 increased the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity of PP2A-B55α but not PP2A-B56α. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the NTD (∼250 amino acids) of Eya3 was completely disordered, and it used a 38-residue segment to interact with B55α. In addition, knockdown and phosphoproteomic analyses demonstrated that Eya3 and B55α affected highly similar phosphosite motifs with a preference for Ser/Thr followed by Pro, consistent with Eya3's apparent Ser/Thr phosphatase activity being mediated through its interaction with PP2A-B55α. Intriguingly, mutating this Pro to other amino acids in a Myc peptide dramatically increased dephosphorylation by PP2A. Not surprisingly, MycP59A, a naturally occurring mutation hotspot in several cancers, enhanced Eya3-PP2A-B55α-mediated dephosphorylation of pT58 on Myc, leading to increased Myc stability and cell proliferation, underscoring the critical role of this phosphosite in regulating Myc stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alderman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Connor J Hughes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xueni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Chris Ebmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marisa E Wagley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalie G Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Heide L Ford
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Hughes CJ, Alderman C, Wolin AR, Fields KM, Zhao R, Ford HL. All eyes on Eya: A unique transcriptional co-activator and phosphatase in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189098. [PMID: 38555001 PMCID: PMC11111358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The Eya family of proteins (consisting of Eyas1-4 in mammals) play vital roles in embryogenesis by regulating processes such as proliferation, migration/invasion, cellular survival and pluripotency/plasticity of epithelial and mesenchymal states. Eya proteins carry out such diverse functions through a unique combination of transcriptional co-factor, Tyr phosphatase, and PP2A/B55α-mediated Ser/Thr phosphatase activities. Since their initial discovery, re-expression of Eyas has been observed in numerous tumor types, where they are known to promote tumor progression through a combination of their transcriptional and enzymatic activities. Eya proteins thus reinstate developmental processes during malignancy and represent a compelling class of therapeutic targets for inhibiting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Hughes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Christopher Alderman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Arthur R Wolin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kaiah M Fields
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhao
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America.
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Hwang GH, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Stopka SA, DiPiazza M, Sutter N, Gero TW, Volkert A, Ombelets L, Dittemore G, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Agar NYR, Scott DA, Segal RA. A Benzarone Derivative Inhibits EYA to Suppress Tumor Growth in SHH Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:872-886. [PMID: 38486486 PMCID: PMC10948029 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors of children, and 30% of medulloblastomas are driven by gain-of-function genetic lesions in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. EYA1, a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase and transcription factor, is critical for tumorigenesis and proliferation of SHH medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Benzarone and benzbromarone have been identified as allosteric inhibitors of EYA proteins. Using benzarone as a point of departure, we developed a panel of 35 derivatives and tested them in SHH-MB. Among these compounds, DS-1-38 functioned as an EYA antagonist and opposed SHH signaling. DS-1-38 inhibited SHH-MB growth in vitro and in vivo, showed excellent brain penetrance, and increased the lifespan of genetically engineered mice predisposed to fatal SHH-MB. These data suggest that EYA inhibitors represent promising therapies for pediatric SHH-MB. SIGNIFICANCE Development of a benzarone derivative that inhibits EYA1 and impedes the growth of SHH medulloblastoma provides an avenue for improving treatment of this malignant pediatric brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H. Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria F. Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylwia A. Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina DiPiazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nizhoni Sutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Kulanui St, HI, USA
| | - Thomas W. Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Volkert
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lincoln Ombelets
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Dittemore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind A. Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wiedner HJ, Blue RE, Sadovsky M, Mills CA, Wehrens XH, Herring LE, Giudice J. RBFOX2 regulated EYA3 isoforms partner with SIX4 or ZBTB1 to control transcription during myogenesis. iScience 2023; 26:108258. [PMID: 38026174 PMCID: PMC10665822 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a prevalent gene-regulatory mechanism, with over 95% of multi-exon human genes estimated to be alternatively spliced. Here, we describe a tissue-specific, developmentally regulated, highly conserved, and disease-associated alternative splicing event in exon 7 of the eyes absent homolog 3 (Eya3) gene. We discovered that EYA3 expression is vital to the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies identified SIX homeobox 4 (SIX4) and zinc finger and BTB-domain containing 1 (ZBTB1), as major transcription factors that interact with EYA3 to dictate gene expression. EYA3 isoforms differentially regulate transcription, indicating that splicing aids in temporal control of gene expression during muscle cell differentiation. Finally, we identified RNA-binding fox-1 homolog 2 (RBFOX2) as the main regulator of EYA3 splicing. Together, our findings illustrate the interplay between alternative splicing and transcription during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Wiedner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R. Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matheus Sadovsky
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C. Allie Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Jones S, Matos B, Dennison S, Fardilha M, Howl J. Stem Cell Bioengineering with Bioportides: Inhibition of Planarian Head Regeneration with Peptide Mimetics of Eyes Absent Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2018. [PMID: 37631231 PMCID: PMC10458859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Djeya1 (RKLAFRYRRIKELYNSYR) is a very effective cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that mimics the α5 helix of the highly conserved Eya domain (ED) of eyes absent (Eya) proteins. The objective of this study was to bioengineer analogues of Djeya1 that, following effective translocation into planarian tissues, would reduce the ability of neoblasts (totipotent stem cells) and their progeny to regenerate the anterior pole in decapitated S. mediterranea. As a strategy to increase the propensity for helix formation, molecular bioengineering of Djeya1 was achieved by the mono-substitution of the helicogenic aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at three species-variable sites: 10, 13, and 16. CD analyses indicated that Djeya1 is highly helical, and that Aib-substitution had subtle influences upon the secondary structures of bioengineered analogues. Aib-substituted Djeya1 analogues are highly efficient CPPs, devoid of influence upon cell viability or proliferation. All three peptides increase the migration of PC-3 cells, a prostate cancer line that expresses high concentrations of Eya. Two peptides, [Aib13]Djeya1 and [Aib16]Djeya1, are bioportides which delay planarian head regeneration. As neoblasts are the only cell population capable of division in planaria, these data indicate that bioportide technologies could be utilised to directly manipulate other stem cells in situ, thus negating any requirement for genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jones
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Bárbara Matos
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Sarah Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.M.); (M.F.)
| | - John Howl
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
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Jia Y, Li HY, Wang J, Chen X, Lou L, Wei YY, Wang Y, Mo SJ. Tripartite motif containing 69 elicits ERK2-dependent EYA4 turnover to impart pancreatic tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2023; 14:200-218. [PMID: 36741265 PMCID: PMC9891873 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyes absent homologue 4 (EYA4) is silenced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and functions as a tumor suppressor to restrain PDAC development, albeit the molecular mechanism underlying its downregulation remains enigmatic. Methods: Functional studies were determined by immunohistochemistry of PDAC samples from patients and Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, three-dimensional spheroid culture, flow cytometry, MTT and subcutaneous xenograft experiments. Mechanistical studies were examined by cellular ubiquitination, cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, in vitro protein kinase assay, immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays. Results: We screen E3 ligase that is negatively correlated with EYA4 and uncover a mutually exclusive interaction of tripartite motif containing 69 (TRIM69) with EYA4 in human PDAC. TRIM69 elicits EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover independent of P53 and impedes the EYA4-driven deactivation of β-catenin/ID2 cascade, fueling PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor development in mice. Expression of TRIM69 is upregulated in PDAC samples from independent cohorts of patients and the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, and associated with unfavorable prognosis. Depleting TRIM69 preferentially induces lethality in the EYA4-deficient PDAC cells. We further unearth that ERK2 directly binds to the D-site of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking groove in EYA4 Leu512/514 and phosphorylates EYA4 at Ser37, which is instrumental for EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover by TRIM69. Conclusion: Our results define a previously unappreciated role of TRIM69-EYA4 axis in pancreatic tumorigenesis and underscore that targeting TRIM69 might be an effective therapeutic approach for PDAC harboring EYA4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- Cancer Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lou
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,✉ Corresponding author: Shi-Jing Mo, MD, PhD, General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China. E-mail: ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-3255
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9
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Dutta UR, Bhattacherjee A, Bahal A, Posanapally LP, Lone KA, Bathula S, Dalal A. Cytogenomic Characterization of a Novel de novo Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(1;12) by Genome Sequencing Leading to Fusion Gene Formation of EYA3/EFCAB4b. Mol Syndromol 2022; 13:370-380. [PMID: 36588754 PMCID: PMC9801327 DOI: 10.1159/000522011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The accurate detection of breakpoint regions of disease-associated chromosomal rearrangements helps understand the molecular mechanisms and identify the risks involved with disrupted genes. Methods In this study, a girl with growth retardation is characterized using positional cloning and genome sequencing. The techniques include fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with paint (WCP) and bacterial-artificial chromosomes (BAC) probes, PCR, real-time PCR, and short and long-read sequencing. Results The translocation was identified by GTG banding and confirmed by WCP FISH. Microarray ruled out the involvement of other copy number variations except for 6 homozygous regions which are not disease-causing variants. Fine mapping with FISH showed split signals with BAC clone RP11-312A3. Genome sequencing of short-read with an average 30× depth and long-read sequencing technology with a 3.8× coverage identified both breakpoints, confirmed by Sanger sequencing, that showed microhomology. The breakpoint at 1p and 12p regions disrupted EYA3 and EFCAB4B genes. Expression analysis of EYA3 showed a 7-fold increase, suggesting the formation of a fusion gene with EFCAB4B. EYA3 is involved in skeleton development, and EFCAB4B plays a role in calcium metabolism, which may be relevant for the patient's phenotype. Conclusion The systematic application of genome techniques to translocations and their advantages is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha R. Dutta
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India,*Usha R Dutta,
| | - Amrita Bhattacherjee
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish Bahal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Laxmi P. Posanapally
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Siddardha Bathula
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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10
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Widespread employment of conserved C. elegans homeobox genes in neuronal identity specification. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010372. [PMID: 36178933 PMCID: PMC9524666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are prominent regulators of neuronal identity, but the extent to which their function has been probed in animal nervous systems remains limited. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, each individual neuron class is defined by the expression of unique combinations of homeobox genes, prompting the question of whether each neuron class indeed requires a homeobox gene for its proper identity specification. We present here progress in addressing this question by extending previous mutant analysis of homeobox gene family members and describing multiple examples of homeobox gene function in different parts of the C. elegans nervous system. To probe homeobox function, we make use of a number of reporter gene tools, including a novel multicolor reporter transgene, NeuroPAL, which permits simultaneous monitoring of the execution of multiple differentiation programs throughout the entire nervous system. Using these tools, we add to the previous characterization of homeobox gene function by identifying neuronal differentiation defects for 14 homeobox genes in 24 distinct neuron classes that are mostly unrelated by location, function and lineage history. 12 of these 24 neuron classes had no homeobox gene function ascribed to them before, while in the other 12 neuron classes, we extend the combinatorial code of transcription factors required for specifying terminal differentiation programs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in a particular lineage, homeotic identity transformations occur upon loss of a homeobox gene and we show that these transformations are the result of changes in homeobox codes. Combining the present with past analyses, 113 of the 118 neuron classes of C. elegans are now known to require a homeobox gene for proper execution of terminal differentiation programs. Such broad deployment indicates that homeobox function in neuronal identity specification may be an ancestral feature of animal nervous systems.
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11
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Li J, Cheng C, Xu J, Zhang T, Tokat B, Dolios G, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Wang R, Xu PX. The transcriptional coactivator Eya1 exerts transcriptional repressive activity by interacting with REST corepressors and REST-binding sequences to maintain nephron progenitor identity. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10343-10359. [PMID: 36130284 PMCID: PMC9561260 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eya1 is critical for establishing and maintaining nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). It belongs to a family of proteins called phosphatase-transcriptional activators but without intrinsic DNA-binding activity. However, the spectrum of the Eya1-centered networks is underexplored. Here, we combined transcriptomic, genomic and proteomic approaches to characterize gene regulation by Eya1 in the NPCs. We identified Eya1 target genes, associated cis-regulatory elements and partner proteins. Eya1 preferentially occupies promoter sequences and interacts with general transcription factors (TFs), RNA polymerases, different types of TFs, chromatin-remodeling factors with ATPase or helicase activity, and DNA replication/repair proteins. Intriguingly, we identified REST-binding motifs in 76% of Eya1-occupied sites without H3K27ac-deposition, which were present in many Eya1 target genes upregulated in Eya1-deficient NPCs. Eya1 copurified REST-interacting chromatin-remodeling factors, histone deacetylase/lysine demethylase, and corepressors. Coimmunoprecipitation validated physical interaction between Eya1 and Rest/Hdac1/Cdyl/Hltf in the kidneys. Collectively, our results suggest that through interactions with chromatin-remodeling factors and specialized DNA-binding proteins, Eya1 may modify chromatin structure to facilitate the assembly of regulatory complexes that regulate transcription positively or negatively. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for how Eya1 exerts its activity by forming unique multiprotein complexes in various biological processes to maintain the cellular state of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jinshu Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bengu Tokat
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Li Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Alrefaei AF, Ali D, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S. Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Expression of EYA4 via Alternation of DNA Methylation Status. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5032172. [PMID: 35607307 PMCID: PMC9124125 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5032172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette SMOKE (CS) considerably contributes to causing some diseases such as cancer, and it has a role in the alternation of gene expression through several mechanisms including epigenetics modification, particularly DNA methylation. EYA4 is one of the genes, that whose expression has been dysregulated in lung, colon, bladder, and breast cancer, leading to tumor progression. The alternation of DNA methylation levels has been implicated in regulating the expression of the EYA4 gene. Thus, in this study, we have shown the effect of CS on the DNA methylation level of the EYA4 promoter region as well as the methylation level on EYA4 expression. To determine the level of DNA methylation on the promoter region of the EYA4 gene, we have employed the bisulfite conversion treatment followed by the Sanger Sequence for 100 DNA samples taken from Saudi people (50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers). We found that 26% of DNA extracted from smoker samples is methylated, while there was no methylation identified in nonsmoker samples. Also, using the demethylating agents such as AZA on LoVo and Caco-2 cancer cell lines causes induction of transcription level of EYA4, implying the possible mechanism of DNA methylation in the upregulation of EYA4. These findings suggest the possible mechanism of CS in controlling the expression of EYA4 via changing the status of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader O. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed F. Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Vidal B, Gulez B, Cao WX, Leyva-Diaz E, Reilly MB, Tekieli T, Hobert O. The enteric nervous system of the C. elegans pharynx is specified by the Sine oculis-like homeobox gene ceh-34. eLife 2022; 11:76003. [PMID: 35324425 PMCID: PMC8989417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overarching themes in the terminal differentiation of the enteric nervous system, an autonomously acting unit of animal nervous systems, have so far eluded discovery. We describe here the overall regulatory logic of enteric nervous system differentiation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that resides within the foregut (pharynx) of the worm. A C. elegans homolog of the Drosophila Sine oculis homeobox gene, ceh-34, is expressed in all 14 classes of interconnected pharyngeal neurons from their birth throughout their life time, but in no other neuron type of the entire animal. Constitutive and temporally controlled ceh-34 removal shows that ceh-34 is required to initiate and maintain the neuron type-specific terminal differentiation program of all pharyngeal neuron classes, including their circuit assembly. Through additional genetic loss of function analysis, we show that within each pharyngeal neuron class, ceh-34 cooperates with different homeodomain transcription factors to individuate distinct pharyngeal neuron classes. Our analysis underscores the critical role of homeobox genes in neuronal identity specification and links them to the control of neuronal circuit assembly of the enteric nervous system. Together with the pharyngeal nervous system simplicity as well as its specification by a Sine oculis homolog, our findings invite speculations about the early evolution of nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Burcu Gulez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Wen Xi Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Eduardo Leyva-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Molly B Reilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Tessa Tekieli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, United States
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14
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Cesario J, Ha S, Kim J, Kataria N, Jeong J. Candidate positive targets of LHX6 and LHX8 transcription factors in the developing upper jaw. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 43:119227. [PMID: 34861428 PMCID: PMC8930537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is controlled by a large number of genes, which interact with one another to form a complex gene regulatory network (GRN). Key components of GRN are signaling molecules and transcription factors. Therefore, identifying targets of core transcription factors is an important part of the overall efforts toward building a comprehensive and accurate model of GRN. LHX6 and LHX8 are transcription factors expressed in the oral mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch (PA1), and they are crucial regulators of palate and tooth development. Previously, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify target genes of LHX6 and LHX8 in PA1, and described a set of genes repressed by LHX. However, there has not been any discussion of the genes positively regulated by LHX6 and LHX8. In this paper, we revisited the above datasets to identify candidate positive targets of LHX in PA1. Focusing on those with known connections to craniofacial development, we performed RNA in situ hybridization to confirm the changes in expression in Lhx6;Lhx8 mutant. We also confirmed the binding of LHX6 to several putative enhancers near the candidate target genes. Together, we have uncovered novel connections between Lhx and other important regulators of craniofacial development, including Eya1, Barx1, Rspo2, Rspo3, and Wnt11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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15
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Liu W, Johansson Å, Rask-Andersen H, Rask-Andersen M. A combined genome-wide association and molecular study of age-related hearing loss in H. sapiens. BMC Med 2021; 19:302. [PMID: 34847940 PMCID: PMC8638543 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common sensory deficiencies. However, the molecular contribution to age-related hearing loss is not fully elucidated. METHODS We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for hearing loss-related traits in the UK Biobank (N = 362,396) and selected a high confidence set of ten hearing-associated gene products for staining in human cochlear samples: EYA4, LMX1A, PTK2/FAK, UBE3B, MMP2, SYNJ2, GRM5, TRIOBP, LMO-7, and NOX4. RESULTS All proteins were found to be expressed in human cochlear structures. Our findings illustrate cochlear structures that mediate mechano-electric transduction of auditory stimuli, neuronal conductance, and neuronal plasticity to be involved in age-related hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common genetic variation to influence structural resilience to damage as well as cochlear recovery after trauma, which protect against accumulated damage to cochlear structures and the development of hearing loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Gutierrez A, Demond H, Brebi P, Ili CG. Novel Methylation Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1722. [PMID: 34827720 PMCID: PMC8615818 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises the third most common cancer worldwide and the second regarding number of deaths. In order to make a correct and early diagnosis to predict metastasis formation, biomarkers are an important tool. Although there are multiple signaling pathways associated with cancer progression, the most recognized are the MAPK pathway, p53 pathway, and TGF-β pathway. These pathways regulate many important functions in the cell, such as cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis formation, among others. Changes in expression in genes belonging to these pathways are drivers of carcinogenesis. Often these expression changes are caused by mutations; however, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are increasingly acknowledged to play a role in the deregulation of oncogenic genes. This makes DNA methylation changes an interesting biomarkers in cancer. Among the newly identified biomarkers for CRC metastasis INHBB, SMOC2, BDNF, and TBRG4 are included, all of which are highly deregulated by methylation and closely associated with metastasis. The identification of such biomarkers in metastasis of CRC may allow a better treatment and early identification of cancer formation in order to perform better diagnostics and improve the life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
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17
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Zhang G, Dong Z, Gimple RC, Wolin A, Wu Q, Qiu Z, Wood LM, Shen JZ, Jiang L, Zhao L, Lv D, Prager BC, Kim LJY, Wang X, Zhang L, Anderson RL, Moore JK, Bao S, Keller TH, Lin G, Kang C, Hamerlik P, Zhao R, Ford HL, Rich JN. Targeting EYA2 tyrosine phosphatase activity in glioblastoma stem cells induces mitotic catastrophe. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212685. [PMID: 34617969 PMCID: PMC8504185 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma ranks among the most lethal of primary brain malignancies, with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex of tumor cellular hierarchies. Here, to discover novel therapeutic GSC targets, we interrogated gene expression profiles from GSCs, differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs), revealing EYA2 as preferentially expressed by GSCs. Targeting EYA2 impaired GSC maintenance and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and loss of self-renewal. EYA2 displayed novel localization to centrosomes in GSCs, and EYA2 tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatase activity was essential for proper mitotic spindle assembly and survival of GSCs. Inhibition of the EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity, via genetic or pharmacological means, mimicked EYA2 loss in GSCs in vitro and extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Supporting the clinical relevance of these findings, EYA2 portends poor patient prognosis in glioblastoma. Collectively, our data indicate that EYA2 phosphatase function plays selective critical roles in the growth and survival of GSCs, potentially offering a high therapeutic index for EYA2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Arthur Wolin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa M Wood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ryan L Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Grace Lin
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Perrin HJ, Currin KW, Vadlamudi S, Pandey GK, Ng KK, Wabitsch M, Laakso M, Love MI, Mohlke KL. Chromatin accessibility and gene expression during adipocyte differentiation identify context-dependent effects at cardiometabolic GWAS loci. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009865. [PMID: 34699533 PMCID: PMC8570510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility and gene expression in relevant cell contexts can guide identification of regulatory elements and mechanisms at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci. To identify regulatory elements that display differential activity across adipocyte differentiation, we performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq in a human cell model of preadipocytes and adipocytes at days 4 and 14 of differentiation. For comparison, we created a consensus map of ATAC-seq peaks in 11 human subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. We identified 58,387 context-dependent chromatin accessibility peaks and 3,090 context-dependent genes between all timepoint comparisons (log2 fold change>1, FDR<5%) with 15,919 adipocyte- and 18,244 preadipocyte-dependent peaks. Adipocyte-dependent peaks showed increased overlap (60.1%) with Roadmap Epigenomics adipocyte nuclei enhancers compared to preadipocyte-dependent peaks (11.5%). We linked context-dependent peaks to genes based on adipocyte promoter capture Hi-C data, overlap with adipose eQTL variants, and context-dependent gene expression. Of 16,167 context-dependent peaks linked to a gene, 5,145 were linked by two or more strategies to 1,670 genes. Among GWAS loci for cardiometabolic traits, adipocyte-dependent peaks, but not preadipocyte-dependent peaks, showed significant enrichment (LD score regression P<0.005) for waist-to-hip ratio and modest enrichment (P < 0.05) for HDL-cholesterol. We identified 659 peaks linked to 503 genes by two or more approaches and overlapping a GWAS signal, suggesting a regulatory mechanism at these loci. To identify variants that may alter chromatin accessibility between timepoints, we identified 582 variants in 454 context-dependent peaks that demonstrated allelic imbalance in accessibility (FDR<5%), of which 55 peaks also overlapped GWAS variants. At one GWAS locus for palmitoleic acid, rs603424 was located in an adipocyte-dependent peak linked to SCD and exhibited allelic differences in transcriptional activity in adipocytes (P = 0.003) but not preadipocytes (P = 0.09). These results demonstrate that context-dependent peaks and genes can guide discovery of regulatory variants at GWAS loci and aid identification of regulatory mechanisms. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are widespread, and an increased understanding of genetic mechanisms behind these diseases could improve treatment. Chromatin accessibility and gene expression in relevant cell contexts can guide identification of regulatory elements and genetic mechanisms for disease traits. A relevant context for cardiovascular and metabolic disease traits is adipocyte differentiation. To identify regulatory elements and genes that display differences in activity during adipocyte differentiation, we profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression in a human cell model of preadipocytes and adipocytes. We identified chromatin regions that change accessibility during differentiation and predicted genes they may affect. We also linked these chromatin regions to genetic variants associated with risk of disease. At one genomic region linked to fatty acids, a chromatin region more accessible in adipocytes linked to a fatty acid synthesis gene and exhibited allelic differences in transcriptional activity in adipocytes but not preadipocytes. These results demonstrate that chromatin regions and genes that change during cell context can guide discovery of regulatory variants and aid identification of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Perrin
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin W. Currin
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Swarooparani Vadlamudi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gautam K. Pandey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth K. Ng
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael I. Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Almasoudi SH, Schlosser G. Otic Neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis: Proliferation, Differentiation, and the Role of Eya1. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:722374. [PMID: 34616280 PMCID: PMC8488300 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.722374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using immunostaining and confocal microscopy, we here provide the first detailed description of otic neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis. We show that the otic vesicle comprises a pseudostratified epithelium with apicobasal polarity (apical enrichment of Par3, aPKC, phosphorylated Myosin light chain, N-cadherin) and interkinetic nuclear migration (apical localization of mitotic, pH3-positive cells). A Sox3-immunopositive neurosensory area in the ventromedial otic vesicle gives rise to neuroblasts, which delaminate through breaches in the basal lamina between stages 26/27 and 39. Delaminated cells congregate to form the vestibulocochlear ganglion, whose peripheral cells continue to proliferate (as judged by EdU incorporation), while central cells differentiate into Islet1/2-immunopositive neurons from stage 29 on and send out neurites at stage 31. The central part of the neurosensory area retains Sox3 but stops proliferating from stage 33, forming the first sensory areas (utricular/saccular maculae). The phosphatase and transcriptional coactivator Eya1 has previously been shown to play a central role for otic neurogenesis but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Using an antibody specifically raised against Xenopus Eya1, we characterize the subcellular localization of Eya1 proteins, their levels of expression as well as their distribution in relation to progenitor and neuronal differentiation markers during otic neurogenesis. We show that Eya1 protein localizes to both nuclei and cytoplasm in the otic epithelium, with levels of nuclear Eya1 declining in differentiating (Islet1/2+) vestibulocochlear ganglion neurons and in the developing sensory areas. Morpholino-based knockdown of Eya1 leads to reduction of proliferating, Sox3- and Islet1/2-immunopositive cells, redistribution of cell polarity proteins and loss of N-cadherin suggesting that Eya1 is required for maintenance of epithelial cells with apicobasal polarity, progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation during otic neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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20
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Almasoudi SH, Schlosser G. Eya1 protein distribution during embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 42:119213. [PMID: 34536585 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eya1 and other Eya proteins are important regulators of progenitor proliferation, cell differentiation and morphogenesis in all three germ layers. At present, most of our knowledge of Eya1 distribution is based on in situ hybridization for Eya1 mRNA. However, to begin to dissect the mechanisms underlying Eya1 functions, we need a better understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of Eya1 proteins during embryonic development, their subcellular localization and their levels of expression in various tissues. Here we report the localization of Eya1 protein throughout embryonic development from neural plate stages to tadpole stages of Xenopus laevis using a specific antibody for Xenopus Eya1. Our study confirms the expression of Eya1 protein in cranial placodes, placodally derived sensory primordia (olfactory epithelium, otic vesicle, lateral line primordia) and cranial ganglia, as well as in somites, secondary heart field and pharyngeal endoderm. In addition, we report here a novel expression of Eya1 proteins in scattered epidermal cells in Xenopus. Our findings also reveal that, while being predominantly expressed in nuclei in most expression domains, Eya1 protein is also localized to the cytoplasm, in particular in the early preplacodal ectoderm, some placode-derived ganglia and a subset of epidermal cells. While some cytoplasmic roles of Eya1 have been previously described in other contexts, the functions of cytoplasmic Eya1 in the preplacodal ectoderm, cranial ganglia and epidermal cells remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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21
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Ishino T, Ogawa Y, Sonoyama T, Taruya T, Kono T, Hamamoto T, Ueda T, Takeno S, Moteki H, Nishio SY, Usami SI, Nagano Y, Yoshimura A, Yoshikawa K, Kato M, Ichimoto M, Watanabe R. Identification of a Novel Copy Number Variation of EYA4 Causing Autosomal Dominant Non-syndromic Hearing Loss. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e866-e874. [PMID: 33859130 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) is the causative gene of autosomal dominant non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNA10. We aimed to identify a copy number variation of EYA4 in a non-syndromic sensory neural hearing loss pedigree. FAMILY AND CLINICAL EVALUATION A Japanese family showing late-onset and progressive hearing loss was evaluated. A pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance of hearing loss was recognized in the pedigree. No cardiac disease was observed in any of the individuals. METHODS Targeted exon sequencing was performed using massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) analysis. Scanning of the array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was completed and the copy number variation (CNV) data from the aCGH analysis was confirmed by matching all CNV calls with MPS analysis. Breakpoint detection was performed by whole-genome sequencing and direct sequencing. Sequencing results were examined, and co-segregation analysis of hearing loss was completed. RESULTS We identified a novel hemizygous indel that showed CNV in the EYA4 gene from the position 133,457,057 to 133,469,892 on chromosome 6 (build GRCh38/hg38) predicted as p.(Val124_Pro323del), and that was segregated with post-lingual and progressive autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss by aCGH analysis. CONCLUSION Based on the theory of genotype-phenotype correlation with EYA4 mutations in terms of hearing loss and comorbid dilated cardiomyopathy, the region of amino acids 124 to 343 is hypothesized not to be the pathogenic region causing dilated cardiomyopathy. Additionally, the theory of genotype-phenotype correlation about the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy is thought to be rejected because of no correlation of deleted amino acid region with the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy. These results will help expand the research on both the coordination of cochlear transcriptional regulation and normal cardiac gene regulation via EYA4 transcripts and provide information on the genotype-phenotype correlations of DFNA10 hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yui Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Toru Sonoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takayuki Taruya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takashi Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takao Hamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Tsutomu Ueda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hideaki Moteki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Nagano
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshikawa
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikako Kato
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Ichimoto
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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The Eyes Absent proteins in development and in developmental disorders. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1397-1408. [PMID: 34196366 PMCID: PMC8286820 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Eyes Absent (EYA) transactivator-phosphatase proteins are important contributors to cell-fate determination processes and to the development of multiple organs. The transcriptional regulatory activity as well as the protein tyrosine phosphatase activities of the EYA proteins can independently contribute to proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis in different contexts. Aberrant EYA levels or activity are associated with numerous syndromic and non-syndromic developmental disorders, as well as cancers. Commensurate with the multiplicity of biochemical activities carried out by the EYA proteins, they impact upon a range of cellular signaling pathways. Here, we provide a broad overview of the roles played by EYA proteins in development, and highlight the molecular signaling pathways known to be linked with EYA-associated organ development and developmental disorders.
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23
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Kim J, She C, Potez M, Huang P, Wu Q, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Bao S, Rich JN, Liu JKC. Phage display targeting identifies EYA1 as a regulator of glioblastoma stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:853-865. [PMID: 33594762 PMCID: PMC10741052 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal of human malignancies with GBM stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Identification and isolation of GSCs continue to be a challenge, as definitive methods to purify these cells for study or targeting are lacking. Here, we leveraged orthogonal in vitro and in vivo phage display biopanning strategies to isolate a single peptide with GSC-specific binding properties. In silico analysis of this peptide led to the isolation of EYA1 (Eyes Absent 1), a tyrosine phosphatase and transcriptional coactivator. Validating the phage discovery methods, EYA1 was preferentially expressed in GSCs compared to differentiated tumor progeny. MYC is a central mediator of GSC maintenance but has been resistant to direct targeting strategies. Based on correlation and colocalization of EYA1 and MYC, we interrogated a possible interaction, revealing binding of EYA1 to MYC and loss of MYC expression upon targeting EYA1. Supporting a functional role for EYA1, targeting EYA1 expression decreased GSC proliferation, migration, and self-renewal in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that phage display can identify novel therapeutic targets in stem-like tumor cells and that an EYA1-MYC axis represents a potential therapeutic paradigm for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongMyung Kim
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chunhua She
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Marine Potez
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - James K. C. Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
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24
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Liu ZK, Li C, Zhang RY, Wei D, Shang YK, Yong YL, Kong LM, Zheng NS, Liu K, Lu M, Liu M, Hu CX, Yang XZ, Chen ZN, Bian H. EYA2 suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via SOCS3-mediated blockade of JAK/STAT signaling. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34044846 PMCID: PMC8157759 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mutations are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but the genetic mechanism associated to hepatocarcinogenesis remains poorly understood. We report that Eyes absent homolog 2 (EYA2) suppresses the HCC progression, while EYA2(A510E) mutation identified by exome sequencing attenuates the tumor-inhibiting effect of EYA2. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on six pairs of human HCC primary tumors and matched adjacent tissues. Focusing on EYA2, expression level of EYA2 in human HCC samples was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, hepatocyte-specific deletion of EYA2 (Eya2-/-) in mice and RNA sequencing analysis were used to explore the functional effect and mechanism of EYA2 on HCC cell growth and metastasis. EYA2 methylation status was evaluated using Sequenom MassARRAY and publicly available data analysis. RESULTS A new somatic mutation p.Ala510Glu of EYA2 was identified in HCC tissues. The expression of EYA2 was down-regulated in HCC and associated with tumor size (P = 0.001), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (P = 0.016) and tumor differentiation (P = 0.048). High level of EYA2 was correlated with a favorable prognosis in HCC patients (P = 0.003). Results from loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments suggested that knockdown of EYA2 enhanced, while overexpression of EYA2 attenuated, the proliferation, clone formation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells in vitro. Delivery of EYA2 gene had a therapeutic effect on inhibition of orthotopic liver tumor in nude mice. However, EYA2(A510E) mutation led to protein degradation by unfolded protein response, thus weakening the inhibitory function of EYA2. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of EYA2 in mice dramatically promoted diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC development. EYA2 was also down-regulated in HCC by aberrant CpG methylation. Mechanically, EYA2 combined with DACH1 to transcriptionally regulate SOCS3 expression, thus suppressing the progression of HCC via SOCS3-mediated blockade of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we identified and validated EYA2 as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC, providing a new insight into HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Can Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ren-Yu Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Kui Shang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Le Yong
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling-Min Kong
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Nai-Shan Zheng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Meng Lu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Man Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Cai-Xia Hu
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Pandey RN, Roychoudhury K, Milewski D, Kalin TV, Szabo S, Pressey JG, Hegde RS. Targeting EYA3 in Ewing Sarcoma Retards Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:803-815. [PMID: 33649104 PMCID: PMC8102334 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
EWSR1/FLI1, the most common fusion gene in Ewing sarcoma, upregulates expression of the Eyes Absent 3 (EYA3) transactivator-phosphatase protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms through which EYA3 might promote Ewing sarcoma tumor growth and to determine whether the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity represents a viable therapeutic target. We used genetic and pharmacologic modulation of EYA3 in cell line-based xenografts to examine how loss of EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity affects tumor growth and angiogenesis. Molecular mechanisms were evaluated in vivo and in vitro through analyses of tumor tissue and multicellular tumor spheroids. Our results show that both loss of EYA3 in Ewing sarcoma cells and pharmacologic inhibition of the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity inhibit tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. EYA3 regulates levels of VEGFA in Ewing tumors, as well as promoting DNA damage repair and survival of Ewing sarcoma tumor cells. Target engagement is demonstrated in tumor tissue through elevated levels of the EYA3 substrate H2AX-pY142 upon loss of EYA3 or with Benzarone treatment. The efficacy of EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase inhibition in attenuating tumor growth and angiogenesis is corroborated in an Ewing sarcoma patient-derived tumor xenograft. Together, the results presented here validate EYA3 as a target for the development of novel Ewing sarcoma therapeutic strategies, and set the stage for evaluating the efficacy of combining the antiangiogenic and anti-cell survival effects of EYA3 inhibition with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ram Naresh Pandey
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kaushik Roychoudhury
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Milewski
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sara Szabo
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph G Pressey
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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26
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Roychoudhury K, Hegde RS. The Eyes Absent Proteins: Unusual HAD Family Tyrosine Phosphatases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083925. [PMID: 33920226 PMCID: PMC8069645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) class of protein phosphatases, with a particular emphasis on an unusual group of enzymes, the eyes absent (EYA) family. EYA proteins have the unique distinction of being structurally and mechanistically classified as HAD enzymes, yet, unlike other HAD phosphatases, they are protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Further, the EYA proteins are unique among the 107 classical PTPs in the human genome because they do not use a Cysteine residue as a nucleophile in the dephosphorylation reaction. We will provide an overview of HAD phosphatase structure-function, describe unique features of the EYA family and their tyrosine phosphatase activity, provide a brief summary of the known substrates and cellular functions of the EYA proteins, and speculate about the evolutionary origins of the EYA family of proteins.
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27
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Guo HM, Liu ZP. Up-regulation of circRNA_0068481 promotes right ventricular hypertrophy in PAH patients via regulating miR-646/miR-570/miR-885. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3735-3743. [PMID: 33710774 PMCID: PMC8051745 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNA‐0068481 and several miRNAs are important in the pathogenesis of right ventricular hypertrophy (VH), while the inhibition of eye absent transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3 (EYA3) was proved to reverse vascular remodelling in rats. In this study, we tried to study the diagnostic value and mechanistic role of circRNA_0068481 in the diagnosis of RVH in PAH patients. qPCR was done to measure circRNA‐0068481, miR‐646, miR‐750, miR‐885 and EYA3 mRNA expression. Luciferase assay was done to explore the regulatory relationship between circRNA‐0068481/EYA3 and the miRNAs. Western blot was done to measure EYA3 expression in AC16 cells. The expression of circRNA‐0068481, miR‐646 and miR‐570 showed a considerable capability to diagnose RVH in PAH patients. The luciferase activity of circRNA‐0068481 was remarkably suppressed by miR‐646, miR‐570 or miR‐885. The luciferase signal of EYA3 was also inhibited by miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885. Up‐regulation of circRNA‐0068481 expression in AC16 significantly decreased miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885 expression, and up‐regulated EYA3 expression, whereas circRNA‐0068481 down‐regulation significantly increased miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885 expression, and repressed EYA3 expression. CircRNA_0068481 sponged several miRNAs including miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885. These miRNAs were all found to target the expression of EYA3 mRNA, which is involved in the onset of right ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the up‐regulation of circRNA_0068481 can predict the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Guo
- Ultrasonography Department, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, China
| | - Zi-Peng Liu
- UItrasonic Diagnosis Department, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
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28
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Zhu J, Hu LB, Zhao YP, Zhang YQ. Prognostic Role of EYA4 in Lower Grade Glioma with IDH1 Mutation and 1p19q Co-Deletion. World Neurosurg 2021; 149:e1174-e1179. [PMID: 33631386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) participates in an important role in various cancers. Patients with low EYA4 expression have significantly favorable prognosis compared with those with high EYA4 expression. However, the expression and role of EYA4 in lower grade glioma (LGG) has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The R2 and UCSC Xena browser based on data from 284 cases in GSE16011 from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and 530 cases of patients with LGG in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were extracted for bioinformatic analyses. The EYA4 expression in different subtypes of LGG was detected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to explore the association between EYA4 expression and overall survival (OS) in both datasets. RESULTS Patients with LGG with lower EYA4 expression had significantly longer 5- and 10-year OS in 2 datasets (P < 0.001). By matching histological subtypes and gene expression profiles of patients with LGG, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma groups had lower EYA4 expression and longer OS compared with the astrocytoma group (P < 0.05). Patients with IDH1 mutations and 1p19q co-deletion had longer 5- and 10-year OS (P < 0.001), and EYA4 expression was significantly downregulated in these patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that EYA4 can be used as a prognostic marker and provide a potential therapeutic target in patients with LGG with IDH1 mutation and 1p19q co-deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Bo Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Tingaud-Sequeira A, Trimouille A, Salaria M, Stapleton R, Claverol S, Plaisant C, Bonneu M, Lopez E, Arveiler B, Lacombe D, Rooryck C. A recurrent missense variant in EYA3 gene is associated with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Hum Genet 2021; 140:933-944. [PMID: 33475861 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome or oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by asymmetric ear anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, ocular and vertebral defects. We aimed at identifying and characterizing a new gene associated with OAVS. Two affected brothers with OAVS were analyzed by exome sequencing that revealed a missense variant (p.(Asn358Ser)) in the EYA3 gene. EYA3 screening was then performed in 122 OAVS patients that identified the same variant in one individual from an unrelated family. Segregation assessment in both families showed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. We investigated this variant in cellular models to determine its pathogenicity and demonstrated an increased half-life of the mutated protein without impact on its ability to dephosphorylate H2AFX following DNA repair pathway induction. Proteomics performed on this cellular model revealed four significantly predicted upstream regulators which are PPARGC1B, YAP1, NFE2L2 and MYC. Moreover, eya3 knocked-down zebrafish embryos developed specific craniofacial abnormalities corroborating previous animal models and supporting its involvement in the OAVS. Additionally, EYA3 gene expression was deregulated in vitro by retinoic acid exposure. EYA3 is the second recurrent gene identified to be associated with OAVS. Moreover, based on protein interactions and related diseases, we suggest the DNA repair as a key molecular pathway involved in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Manju Salaria
- Genetic Health Service, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Wyndham Specialist Care Centre, 289 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Rachel Stapleton
- Genetic Health Service NZ-South Island Hub, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudio Plaisant
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estelle Lopez
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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30
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Merk DJ, Zhou P, Cohen SM, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Hwang GH, Rehm KJ, Alfaro J, Reid CM, Zhao X, Park E, Xu PX, Chan JA, Eck MJ, Nazemi KJ, Harwell CC, Segal RA. The Eya1 Phosphatase Mediates Shh-Driven Symmetric Cell Division of Cerebellar Granule Cell Precursors. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:170-186. [PMID: 33472197 DOI: 10.1159/000512976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, stem and precursor cells can divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions is a major determinant of precursor cell expansion and neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms that regulate this transition are not well understood. Here, we identify the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as a critical determinant regulating the mode of division of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Using partial gain and loss of function mutations within the Shh pathway, we show that pathway activation determines spindle orientation of GCPs, and that mitotic spindle orientation correlates with the mode of division. Mechanistically, we show that the phosphatase Eya1 is essential for implementing Shh-dependent GCP spindle orientation. We identify atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) as a direct target of Eya1 activity and show that Eya1 dephosphorylates a critical threonine (T410) in the activation loop. Thus, Eya1 inactivates aPKC, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of Numb and other components that regulate the mode of division. This Eya1-dependent cascade is critical in linking spindle orientation, cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. Together these findings demonstrate that a Shh-Eya1 regulatory axis selectively promotes symmetric cell divisions during cerebellar development by coordinating spindle orientation and cell fate determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merk
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace H Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina J Rehm
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Alfaro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie J Nazemi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Hegde RS, Roychoudhury K, Pandey RN. The multi-functional eyes absent proteins. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:372-385. [PMID: 32727223 PMCID: PMC7727457 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1796922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Eyes Absent (EYA) proteins are the only known instance of a single polypeptide housing the following three separable biochemical activities: tyrosine phosphatase, threonine phosphatase, and transactivation. This uniquely positions the EYAs to participate in both transcriptional regulation and signal transduction pathways. But it also complicates the assignment of biological roles to individual biochemical activities through standard loss-of-function experiments. Nevertheless, there is an emerging literature linking developmental and pathological functions with the various EYA activities, and a growing list of disease states that might benefit from EYA-targeted therapeutics. There also remain multiple unresolved issues with significant implications for our understanding of how the EYAs might impact such ubiquitous signaling cascades as the MYC and Notch pathways. This review will describe the unique juxtaposition of biochemical activities in the EYAs, their interaction with signaling pathways and cellular processes, emerging evidence of roles in disease states, and the feasibility of therapeutic targeting of individual EYA activities. We will focus on the phosphatase activities of the vertebrate EYA proteins and will examine the current state of knowledge regarding: • substrates and signaling pathways affected by the EYA tyrosine phosphatase activity; • modes of regulation of the EYA tyrosine phosphatase activity; • signaling pathways that implicate the threonine phosphatase activity of the EYAs including a potential interaction with PP2A-B55α; • the interplay between the two phosphatase activities and the transactivation function of the EYAs; • disease states associated with the EYAs and the current state of development of EYA-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi S. Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45229
| | - Kaushik Roychoudhury
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45229
| | - Ram Naresh Pandey
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45229
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32
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EYES ABSENT and TIMELESS integrate photoperiodic and temperature cues to regulate seasonal physiology in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15293-15304. [PMID: 32541062 PMCID: PMC7334534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004262117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting information regarding calendar time from seasonal changes in photoperiod and temperature is critical for organisms to maintain annual cycles in physiology and behavior. Here we found that, in flies, EYES ABSENT (EYA) protein acts as a seasonal sensor by adjusting its abundance and phase in response to changes in photoperiod and temperature. We show that the manipulation of EYA levels is sufficient to impair the ability of female Drosophila to regulate seasonal variation in reproductive dormancy. Finally, our results suggest an important role for the circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM) in modulating EYA level through its ability to measure night length, linking the circadian clock to seasonal timing. Organisms possess photoperiodic timing mechanisms to detect variations in day length and temperature as the seasons progress. The nature of the molecular mechanisms interpreting and signaling these environmental changes to elicit downstream neuroendocrine and physiological responses are just starting to emerge. Here, we demonstrate that, in Drosophila melanogaster, EYES ABSENT (EYA) acts as a seasonal sensor by interpreting photoperiodic and temperature changes to trigger appropriate physiological responses. We observed that tissue-specific genetic manipulation of eya expression is sufficient to disrupt the ability of flies to sense seasonal cues, thereby altering the extent of female reproductive dormancy. Specifically, we observed that EYA proteins, which peak at night in short photoperiod and accumulate at higher levels in the cold, promote reproductive dormancy in female D. melanogaster. Furthermore, we provide evidence indicating that the role of EYA in photoperiodism and temperature sensing is aided by the stabilizing action of the light-sensitive circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). We postulate that increased stability and level of TIM at night under short photoperiod together with the production of cold-induced and light-insensitive TIM isoforms facilitate EYA accumulation in winter conditions. This is supported by our observations that tim null mutants exhibit reduced incidence of reproductive dormancy in simulated winter conditions, while flies overexpressing tim show an increased incidence of reproductive dormancy even in long photoperiod.
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33
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Cui Q, Zhang D, Kong D, Tang J, Liao X, Yang Q, Ren J, Gong Y, Wu G. Co-transplantation with adipose-derived cells to improve parathyroid transplantation in a mice model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:200. [PMID: 32456711 PMCID: PMC7249357 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accidentally removed parathyroid glands are still challenging in neck surgery, leading to hypoparathyroidism characterized with abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid auto-transplantation is usually applied in compensation. To improve the efficiency of parathyroid transplantation, we introduced a method by co-transplanting with adipose-derived cells, including stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in parathyroid transplantation survival. Methods Rat and human parathyroid tissues were transplanted into nude mice as parathyroid transplantation model to examine the effects of SVFs and ADSCs on grafts angiogenesis and survival rates, including blood vessel assembly and parathyroid hormone levels. Several angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, were assessed in parathyroid grafts. The effects of hypoxia were investigated on ADSCs. The modulatory roles of the eyes absent homolog 1 (EYA1), which is vital in parathyroid development, was also investigated on angiogenic factor production and secretion by ADSCs. All experimental data were statistically processed. Student’s t test was used to assess significant differences between 2 groups. For multiple comparisons with additional interventions, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results SVFs improve rat parathyroid transplantation survival and blood vessel assembly, as well as FGF2 and VEGF-A expression levels in parathyroid transplantation mice. Functional human parathyroid grafts have higher microvessel density and increased VEGF-A expression. The supernatant of ADSCs induced tubule formation and migration of human endothelial cells in vitro. Hypoxia had no effect on proliferation and apoptosis of human ADSCs but induced higher angiogenic factor levels of VEGF-A and FGF2, modulated by EYA1, which was confirmed by parathyroid glands transplantation in mice. Conclusions Adipose-derived cells, including ADSCs and SVFs, improve parathyroid transplantation survival via promoting angiogenesis through EYA1-regulating angiogenetic factors in vitro and in vivo. Our studies proved an effective method to improve the parathyroid autotransplantation, which is promising for clinical patients with hypoparathyroidism when parathyroid glands were accidentally injured, removed, or devascularized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianing Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Patent highlights October-November 2019. Pharm Pat Anal 2020; 9:33-40. [PMID: 32301373 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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35
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Morín M, Borreguero L, Booth KT, Lachgar M, Huygen P, Villamar M, Mayo F, Barrio LC, Santos Serrão de Castro L, Morales C, Del Castillo I, Arellano B, Tellería D, Smith RJH, Azaiez H, Moreno Pelayo MA. Insights into the pathophysiology of DFNA10 hearing loss associated with novel EYA4 variants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6213. [PMID: 32277154 PMCID: PMC7148344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutational spectrum of many genes and their contribution to the global prevalence of hereditary hearing loss is still widely unknown. In this study, we have performed the mutational screening of EYA4 gene by DHLPC and NGS in a large cohort of 531 unrelated Spanish probands and one Australian family with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). In total, 9 novel EYA4 variants have been identified, 3 in the EYA4 variable region (c.160G > T; p.Glu54*, c.781del; p.Thr261Argfs*34 and c.1078C > A; p.Pro360Thr) and 6 in the EYA-HR domain (c.1107G > T; p.Glu369Asp, c.1122G > T; p.Trp374Cys, c.1281G > A; p.Glu427Glu, c.1282-1G > A, c.1601C > G; p.S534* and an heterozygous copy number loss encompassing exons 15 to 17). The contribution of EYA4 mutations to ADNSHL in Spain is, therefore, very limited (~1.5%, 8/531). The pathophysiology of some of these novel variants has been explored. Transient expression of the c-myc-tagged EYA4 mutants in mammalian COS7 cells revealed absence of expression of the p.S534* mutant, consistent with a model of haploinsufficiency reported for all previously described EYA4 truncating mutations. However, normal expression pattern and translocation to the nucleus were observed for the p.Glu369Asp mutant in presence of SIX1. Complementary in silico analysis suggested that c.1107G > T (p.Glu369Asp), c.1281G > A (p.Glu427Glu) and c.1282-1G > A variants alter normal splicing. Minigene assays in NIH3T3 cells further confirmed that all 3 variants caused exon skipping resulting in frameshifts that lead to premature stop codons. Our study reports the first likely pathogenic synonymous variant linked to DFNA10 and provide further evidence for haploinsufficiency as the common underlying disease-causing mechanism for DFNA10-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Morín
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Borreguero
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin T Booth
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - María Lachgar
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Huygen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manuela Villamar
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Mayo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Barrio
- Departamento de Investigación, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Unidad de Neurología Experimental, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana Santos Serrão de Castro
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Morales
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arellano
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Tellería
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - M A Moreno Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Creed TM, Baldeosingh R, Eberly CL, Schlee CS, Kim M, Cutler JA, Pandey A, Civin CI, Fossett NG, Kingsbury TJ. The PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network modulates GATA-FOG function in fly hematopoiesis and human erythropoiesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.177022. [PMID: 31806659 DOI: 10.1242/dev.177022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The GATA and PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH transcriptional networks (PSEDNs) are essential for proper development across taxa. Here, we demonstrate novel PSEDN roles in vivo in Drosophila hematopoiesis and in human erythropoiesis in vitro Using Drosophila genetics, we show that PSEDN members function with GATA to block lamellocyte differentiation and maintain the prohemocyte pool. Overexpression of human SIX1 stimulated erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia TF1 cells and primary hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells. Conversely, SIX1 knockout impaired erythropoiesis in both cell types. SIX1 stimulation of erythropoiesis required GATA1, as SIX1 overexpression failed to drive erythroid phenotypes and gene expression patterns in GATA1 knockout cells. SIX1 can associate with GATA1 and stimulate GATA1-mediated gene transcription, suggesting that SIX1-GATA1 physical interactions contribute to the observed functional interactions. In addition, both fly and human SIX proteins regulated GATA protein levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SIX proteins enhance GATA function at multiple levels, and reveal evolutionarily conserved cooperation between the GATA and PSEDN networks that may regulate developmental processes beyond hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael Creed
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rajkumar Baldeosingh
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Christian L Eberly
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Caroline S Schlee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - MinJung Kim
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jevon A Cutler
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Curt I Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nancy G Fossett
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA .,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tami J Kingsbury
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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37
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Analysis of EYA3 Phosphorylation by Src Kinase Identifies Residues Involved in Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246307. [PMID: 31847183 PMCID: PMC6940942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyes absent (EYA) are non-thiol-based protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that also have transcriptional co-activator functions. Their PTP activity is involved in various pathologies. Recently, we demonstrated that Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates human EYA3 by controlling its subcellular localization. We also found EYA3′s ability to autodephosphorylate, while raising the question if the two opposing processes could be involved in maintaining a physiologically adequate level of phosphorylation. Using native and bottom-up mass spectrometry, we performed detailed mapping and characterization of human EYA3 Src-phosphorylation sites. Thirteen tyrosine residues with different phosphorylation and autodephosphorylation kinetics were detected. Among these, Y77, 96, 237, and 508 displayed an increased resistance to autodephosphorylation. Y77 and Y96 were found to have the highest impact on the overall EYA3 phosphorylation. Using cell cycle analysis, we showed that Y77, Y96, and Y237 are involved in HEK293T proliferation. Mutation of the three tyrosine residues abolished the pro-proliferative effect of EYA3 overexpression. We have also identified a Src-induced phosphorylation pattern of EYA3 in these cells. These findings suggest that EYA3′s tyrosine phosphorylation sites are non-equivalent with their phosphorylation levels being under the control of Src-kinase activity and of EYA3′s autodephosphorylation.
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38
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Wang Y, Pandey RN, York AJ, Mallela J, Nichols WC, Hu YC, Molkentin JD, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Hegde RS. The EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4143. [PMID: 31515519 PMCID: PMC6742632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary hypertension vascular remodeling leads to narrowing of distal pulmonary arterioles and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Vascular remodeling is promoted by the survival and proliferation of pulmonary arterial vascular cells in a DNA-damaging, hostile microenvironment. Here we report that levels of Eyes Absent 3 (EYA3) are elevated in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and that EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity promotes the survival of these cells under DNA-damaging conditions. Transgenic mice harboring an inactivating mutation in the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase domain are significantly protected from vascular remodeling. Pharmacological inhibition of the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity substantially reverses vascular remodeling in a rat model of angio-obliterative pulmonary hypertension. Together these observations establish EYA3 as a disease-modifying target whose function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension can be targeted by available inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ram Naresh Pandey
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jaya Mallela
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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39
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Gana S, Valetto A, Toschi B, Sardelli I, Cappelli S, Peroni D, Bertini V. Familial Interstitial 6q23.2 Deletion Including Eya4 Associated With Otofaciocervical Syndrome. Front Genet 2019; 10:650. [PMID: 31379922 PMCID: PMC6656857 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a 34-year-old woman and her mother who both have clinical features suggestive for otofaciocervical syndrome (OTFCS), a disorder characterized by a combination of facial dysmorphisms, ear abnormalities with hearing loss, and shoulder girdle anomalies. OTFCS presents overlapping features with branchiootorenal spectrum disorders, including branchiootorenal syndrome and branchiootic syndrome. These disorders have been described as clinically distinct entities, but molecular studies have shown that all the causative genes belong to the Pax-Six-Eya-Dach network (PSEDN). So far, the genetic diagnosis of OTFCS has been performed only in very few cases and involves two genes, EYA1 and PAX1; thus, it is likely that other genes have still to be identified. In the present patient, array CGH analysis showed a 3.7-Mb deletion in 6q23; a smaller 1.9-Mb deletion in the same region was detected in her mother. The minimal overlapping region harbors the EYA4 gene. The cases here described are interesting, since they all showed the typical clinical features of OTFCS, associated with a deletion in 6q23.2. Even if we cannot exclude the contribution of other genes to the phenotype, EYA4 is a good candidate for OTFCS according to its pattern of expression, its sequence similarity to EYA1, and its involvement in PSEDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gana
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Valetto
- Section of Cytogenetics, Medicine of Laboratory Department, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Toschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Sardelli
- Section of Cytogenetics, Medicine of Laboratory Department, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Cappelli
- Section of Pediatric, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Pediatric, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Bertini
- Section of Cytogenetics, Medicine of Laboratory Department, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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40
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Varga L, Danis D, Skopkova M, Masindova I, Slobodova Z, Demesova L, Profant M, Gasperikova D. Novel EYA4 variant in Slovak family with late onset autosomal dominant hearing loss: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:84. [PMID: 31101089 PMCID: PMC6525401 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Progressive bilateral sensorineural deafness in postlingual period may be linked to many different etiologies including genetic factors. Identification of the exact deafness cause may, therefore, be quite challenging. Here we present a family with late-onset hearing loss as an autosomal dominant trait caused by a novel EYA4 mutation. Case presentation Forty-four years old female proband clinically investigated for progressive hearing loss and occasional dizziness with positive family history for deafness was subject to molecular-genetic testing. Patient’s DNA sample was analyzed by whole exome sequencing. We identified a novel missense variant c.804G > C located at the last base pair of exon 10 in EYA4. Candidate variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and her family members. In silico prediction tools and co-segregation analysis were used to indicate pathogenicity of the identified variant. To confirm our hypothesis, we performed minigene assay to demonstrate if the transcript of exon 10 in EYA4 is present. We provide evidence that this mutation in vitro compromises donor site functionality and causes exon 10 skipping and frameshift that most likely results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The onset of moderate to severe hearing loss in the family ranged from 10 to 40 years. The normal cardiac phenotype was confirmed by ECG and echocardiography. Conclusions We identified a novel EYA4 mutation associated with adult-onset autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss. This report extends the knowledge of spectrum of EYA4 mutations and demonstrates the pathogenicity of a variant affecting specific position in the gene. A comprehensive review of known EYA4 mutations is also given and their impact on cardiac phenotype is discussed. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and complex clinical assessment in patients with familial progressive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Varga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Danis
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Skopkova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Masindova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Slobodova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Demesova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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41
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Han SK, Kong J, Kim S, Lee JH, Han DH. Exomic and transcriptomic alterations of hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1374-1383. [PMID: 30907493 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral disease characterized by either localized or generalized gradual, benign, non-hemorrhagic enlargement of gingivae. Although several genetic causes of HGF are known, the genetic etiology of HGF as a non-syndromic and idiopathic entity remains uncertain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed exome and RNA-seq of idiopathic HGF patients and controls, and then devised a computational framework that specifies exomic/transcriptomic alterations interconnected by a regulatory network to unravel genetic etiology of HGF. Moreover, given the lack of animal model or large-scale cohort data of HGF, we developed a strategy to cross-check their clinical relevance through in silico gene-phenotype mapping with biomedical literature mining and semantic analysis of disease phenotype similarities. RESULTS Exomic variants and differentially expressed genes of HGF were connected by members of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and craniofacial development processes, accounting for the molecular mechanism of fibroblast overgrowth mimicking HGF. Our cross-check supports that genes derived from the regulatory network analysis have pathogenic roles in fibromatosis-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS The computational approach of connecting exomic and transcriptomic alterations through regulatory networks is applicable in the clinical interpretation of genetic variants in HGF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jungho Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoo Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Gu F, Yuan S, Liu L, Zhu P, Yang Y, Pan Z, Zhou W. EYA4 serves as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4208-4216. [PMID: 30957411 PMCID: PMC6533515 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye absent homolog 4 (EYA4) has been demonstrated to be down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its biological function and the mechanism in HCC angiogenesis and metastasis remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that EYA4 expression was frequently low in HCC tissue samples compared with matched adjacent non‐tumourous tissues. In the analysis of 302 HCC specimens, we revealed that decreased expression of EYA4 correlated with tumour differentiation status. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified EYA4 as an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among the 302 patients. Functional assays showed that forced expression of EYA4 suppressed HCC cell migration, invasion and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro, as well as in vivo tumour angiogenesis and metastasis in a mouse model. Furthermore, mechanism study exhibited that EYA4 could inhibit HCC angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting c‐JUN/VEGFA pathway. Together, we provide proof that EYA4 is a novel tumour suppressor in HCC and a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Gu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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43
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McRae KM, Rowe SJ, Baird HJ, Bixley MJ, Clarke SM. Genome-wide association study of lung lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand lambs. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4512-4520. [PMID: 30099550 PMCID: PMC6247835 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand progeny test lambs. The lungs from 3,572 progeny-test lambs were scored for presence and severity of pneumonic lesions and pleurisy at slaughter. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 markers). The heritability of lung lesion score and pleurisy were calculated using the genomic relationship matrix, and genome-wide association analyses were conducted using EMMAX and haplotype trend regression. At slaughter, 35% of lambs had pneumonic lesions, with 9% showing lesions on more than half of any individual lobe. The number of lambs recorded as having pleurisy by the processing plants was 9%. Heritability estimates for pneumonic lesions and pleurisy scores adjusted for heteroscedasticity (CPSa and PLEURa) were 0.16 (± 0.03) and 0.05 (± 0.02), respectively. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with pneumonic lesions at the genome-wide level, and additional 37 SNPs were suggestively significant. Four SNPs were significantly associated with pleurisy, with an additional 11 SNPs reaching the suggestive level of significance. There were no regions that overlapped between the 2 traits. Multiple SNPs were in regions that contained genes involved in either the DNA damage response or the innate immune response, including several that had previously been reported to have associations with respiratory disease. Both EMMAX and HTR analyses of pleurisy data showed a significant peak on chromosome 2, located downstream from the transcription factor SP3. SP3 activates or suppresses the expression of numerous genes, including several genes with known functions in the immune system. This study identified several SNPs associated with genes involved in both the innate immune response and the response to DNA damage that are associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in lambs at slaughter. Additionally, the identification in sheep of several SNPs within genes that have previously been associated with the respiratory system in cattle, pigs, rats, and mice indicates that there may be common pathways that underlie the response to invasion by respiratory pathogens in multiple species.
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44
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Maharjan BD, Ono R, Nosaka T. Eya2 is critical for the E2A‑HLF‑mediated immortalization of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:981-990. [PMID: 30628662 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin enhancer‑binding factor/hepatic leukemia factor (E2A‑HLF) oncogenic fusion gene, generated by t(17;19)(q22;p13) translocation in childhood B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a very poor prognosis, encodes a chimeric transcription factor in which the transactivation domains of E2A are fused to the DNA‑binding and dimerization domain of HLF. E2A‑HLF has been demonstrated to have an anti‑apoptotic effect. However, the molecular mechanism underlying E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis remains unclear. The present study identified EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2 (Eya2), the forced expression of which is known to immortalize mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as a direct target molecule downstream of E2A‑HLF. E2A‑HLF‑immortalized mouse HSPCs expressed Eya2 at a high level in the aberrant self‑renewal program. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a reporter assay revealed that E2A‑HLF enhanced the Eya2 expression by binding to the promoter region containing the E2A‑HLF‑binding consensus sequence. Eya2 knockdown in E2A‑HLF‑immortalized cells resulted in reduced colony‑forming efficiency. These results suggest a critical role of Eya2 in E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Devi Maharjan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nosaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
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45
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Abstract
Life in seasonally changing environments is challenging. Biological systems have to not only respond directly to the environment, but also schedule life history events in anticipation of seasonal changes. The cellular and molecular basis of how these events are scheduled is unknown. Cellular decision-making processes in response to signals above certain thresholds regularly occur i.e. cellular fate determination, apoptosis and firing of action potentials. Binary switches, the result of cellular decision-making processes, are defined as a change in phenotype between two stable states. A recent study presents evidence of a binary switch operating in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, seemingly timing seasonal reproduction in sheep. Though, how a binary switch would allow for anticipation of seasonal environmental changes, not just direct responsiveness, is unclear. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence for a binary switching mechanism timing seasonal reproduction and to hypothesize how a binary switch would allow biological processes to be timed over weeks to years. I draw parallels with mechanisms used in development, cell fate determination and seasonal timing in plants. I propose that the adult PT is a plastic tissue, showing a seasonal cycle of cellular differentiation, and that the underlying processes are likely to be epigenetic. Therefore, considering the mechanisms behind adult cellular plasticity offers a framework to hypothesize how a long-term timer functions within the PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona H Wood
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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46
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Hartman BH, Bӧscke R, Ellwanger DC, Keymeulen S, Scheibinger M, Heller S. Fbxo2 VHC mouse and embryonic stem cell reporter lines delineate in vitro-generated inner ear sensory epithelia cells and enable otic lineage selection and Cre-recombination. Dev Biol 2018; 443:64-77. [PMID: 30179592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the mouse has been a productive model for inner ear studies, a lack of highly specific genes and tools has presented challenges. The absence of definitive otic lineage markers and tools is limiting in vitro studies of otic development, where innate cellular heterogeneity and disorganization increase the reliance on lineage-specific markers. To address this challenge in mice and embryonic stem (ES) cells, we targeted the lineage-specific otic gene Fbxo2 with a multicistronic reporter cassette (Venus/Hygro/CreER = VHC). In otic organoids derived from ES cells, Fbxo2VHC specifically delineates otic progenitors and inner ear sensory epithelia. In mice, Venus expression and CreER activity reveal a cochlear developmental gradient, label the prosensory lineage, show enrichment in a subset of type I vestibular hair cells, and expose strong expression in adult cerebellar granule cells. We provide a toolbox of multiple spectrally distinct reporter combinations for studies that require use of fluorescent reporters, hygromycin selection, and conditional Cre-mediated recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron H Hartman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Robert Bӧscke
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Sawa Keymeulen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Program in Human Biology, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head&Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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47
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Wang Y, Pandey RN, Riffle S, Chintala H, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Hegde RS. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity of Eyes Absent Contributes to Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1659-1669. [PMID: 29802120 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair capacity is required for cells to survive catastrophic DNA damage and proliferate under conditions of intratumoral stress. The ability of the minor histone protein H2AX to serve as a hub for the assembly of a productive DNA damage repair complex is a necessary step in preventing DNA damage-induced cell death. The Eyes Absent (EYA) proteins dephosphorylate the terminal tyrosine residue of H2AX, thus permitting assembly of a productive DNA repair complex. Here, we use genetic and chemical biology approaches to separately query the roles of host vascular endothelial cell and tumor cell EYA in tumor growth. Deletion of Eya3 in host endothelial cells significantly reduced tumor angiogenesis and limited tumor growth in xenografts. Deletion of Eya3 in tumor cells reduced tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth without affecting tumor angiogenesis. A chemical inhibitor of the EYA tyrosine phosphatase activity inhibited both tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Simultaneously targeting the tumor vasculature and tumor cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy because it could counter the development of the more aggressive phenotype known to emerge from conventional antiangiogenic agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1659-69. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ram Naresh Pandey
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stephen Riffle
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hemabindu Chintala
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Divisions of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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48
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Vartuli RL, Zhou H, Zhang L, Powers RK, Klarquist J, Rudra P, Vincent MY, Ghosh D, Costello JC, Kedl RM, Slansky JE, Zhao R, Ford HL. Eya3 promotes breast tumor-associated immune suppression via threonine phosphatase-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2535-2550. [PMID: 29757193 DOI: 10.1172/jci96784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eya proteins are critical developmental regulators that are highly expressed in embryogenesis but downregulated after development. Amplification and/or re-expression of Eyas occurs in many tumor types. In breast cancer, Eyas regulate tumor progression by acting as transcriptional cofactors and tyrosine phosphatases. Intriguingly, Eyas harbor a separate threonine (Thr) phosphatase activity, which was previously implicated in innate immunity. Here we describe what we believe to be a novel role for Eya3 in mediating triple-negative breast cancer-associated immune suppression. Eya3 loss decreases tumor growth in immune-competent mice and is associated with increased numbers of infiltrated CD8+ T cells, which, when depleted, reverse the effects of Eya3 knockdown. Mechanistically, Eya3 utilizes its Thr phosphatase activity to dephosphorylate Myc at pT58, resulting in a stabilized form. We show that Myc is required for Eya3-mediated increases in PD-L1, and that rescue of PD-L1 in Eya3-knockdown cells restores tumor progression. Finally, we demonstrate that Eya3 significantly correlates with PD-L1 in human breast tumors, and that tumors expressing high levels of Eya3 have a decreased CD8+ T cell signature. Our data uncover a role for Eya3 in mediating tumor-associated immune suppression, and suggest that its inhibition may enhance checkpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Vartuli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Molecular Biology Program
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Cancer Biology Program
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Rani K Powers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Computational Bioscience Graduate Program
| | | | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Y Vincent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Cancer Biology Program.,Computational Bioscience Graduate Program
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Cancer Biology Program.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and
| | - Rui Zhao
- Molecular Biology Program.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Molecular Biology Program.,Cancer Biology Program.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
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49
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Li X, Vartuli RL, Rowse M, Xing Y, Rudra P, Ghosh D, Zhao R, Ford HL. Eya3 partners with PP2A to induce c-Myc stabilization and tumor progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 29535359 PMCID: PMC5849647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eya genes encode a unique family of multifunctional proteins that serve as transcriptional co-activators and as haloacid dehalogenase-family Tyr phosphatases. Intriguingly, the N-terminal domain of Eyas, which does not share sequence similarity to any known phosphatases, contains a separable Ser/Thr phosphatase activity. Here, we demonstrate that the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity of Eya is not intrinsic, but arises from its direct interaction with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55α holoenzyme. Importantly, Eya3 alters the regulation of c-Myc by PP2A, increasing c-Myc stability by enabling PP2A-B55α to dephosphorylate pT58, in direct contrast to the previously described PP2A-B56α-mediated dephosphorylation of pS62 and c-Myc destabilization. Furthermore, Eya3 and PP2A-B55α promote metastasis in a xenograft model of breast cancer, opposing the canonical tumor suppressive function of PP2A-B56α. Our study identifies Eya3 as a regulator of PP2A, a major cellular Ser/Thr phosphatase, and uncovers a mechanism of controlling the stability of a critical oncogene, c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Xueni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L Vartuli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Michael Rowse
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Yongna Xing
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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Gettelfinger JD, Dahl JP. Syndromic Hearing Loss: A Brief Review of Common Presentations and Genetics. J Pediatr Genet 2018; 7:1-8. [PMID: 29441214 PMCID: PMC5809162 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects worldwide, with around 1 in 500 people experiencing some form of severe hearing loss. While over 400 different syndromes involving hearing loss have been described, it is important to be familiar with a wide range of syndromes involving hearing loss so an early diagnosis can be made and early intervention can be pursued to maximize functional hearing and speech-language development in the setting of verbal communication. This review aims to describe the presentation and genetics for some of the most frequently occurring syndromes involving hearing loss, including neurofibromatosis type 2, branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Stickler syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, Pendred syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Usher syndromes, Refsum disease, Alport syndrome, MELAS, and MERRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Gettelfinger
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - John P. Dahl
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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