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Giudice V, Mensitieri F, Izzo V, Filippelli A, Selleri C. Aptamers and Antisense Oligonucleotides for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093252. [PMID: 32375354 PMCID: PMC7246934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing tertiary or quaternary structures as antibodies. Aptamers can be easily produced in vitro through a process known as systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or a cell-based SELEX procedure. Aptamers and modified aptamers, such as slow, off-rate, modified aptamers (SOMAmers), can bind to target molecules with less polar and more hydrophobic interactions showing slower dissociation rates, higher stability, and resistance to nuclease degradation. Aptamers and SOMAmers are largely employed for multiplex high-throughput proteomics analysis with high reproducibility and reliability, for tumor cell detection by flow cytometry or microscopy for research and clinical purposes. In addition, aptamers are increasingly used for novel drug delivery systems specifically targeting tumor cells, and as new anticancer molecules. In this review, we summarize current preclinical and clinical applications of aptamers in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-89965116
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
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Drokov M, Davydova Y, Popova N, Kapranov N, Starikova O, Mikhaltsova E, Nareyko M, Dmitrova A, Konova Z, Galtseva I, Kuzmina L, Parovichnikova E, Savchenko V. High expression of granzyme B in conventional CD4+ T cells is associated with increased relapses after allogeneic stem cells transplantation in patients with hematological malignancies. Transpl Immunol 2020; 65:101295. [PMID: 32302642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B is known to be a serine protease contained in granules of cytotoxic T cells. We have previously reported an influence of granzyme B expression in T regulatory cells (Tregs) on the risk of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) onset. However, it is still unknown if conventional T cells (Tcon) use the granzyme B pathway as a mechanism of alloimmunity. We hypothesized that granzyme B in Tcon may affect recurrence within the first 6 months after allogeneic transplantation (allo-HSCT). A total of 65 patients with different hematological malignancies were included in this study. Blood samples were collected on day +30 after allo-HSCT. The percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells in patients who developed relapse in the first 6 months after allo-HSCT was 11.3 (4.5-35.3) compared to the others in continuous complete remission-1.3 (3.65-9.7), р = 0.011. The risk of relapse after allo-HSCT was in 3.9 times higher in patients with an increased percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells. The findings demonstrated that the percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells on day +30 after allo-HSCT could be a predictable marker of relapse within the first 6 months after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Drokov
- Immunotherapy and Post-BMT Complications Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia Davydova
- Flow Cytometry Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Popova
- Immunotherapy and Post-BMT Complications Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Kapranov
- Flow Cytometry Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Starikova
- Immunotherapy and Post-BMT Complications Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Mikhaltsova
- Immunotherapy and Post-BMT Complications Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Nareyko
- BMT Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Dmitrova
- Immunotherapy and Post-BMT Complications Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zoya Konova
- BMT Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Galtseva
- Flow Cytometry Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Kuzmina
- BMT Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Parovichnikova
- BMT Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Savchenko
- BMT Department, National Research Center for Hematology, Noviy Zikovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Stahl L, Duenkel A, Hilger N, Tretbar US, Fricke S. The Epitope-Specific Anti-human CD4 Antibody MAX.16H5 and Its Role in Immune Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1035. [PMID: 31178857 PMCID: PMC6543443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell modulation in the clinical background of autoimmune diseases or allogeneic cell and organ transplantations with concurrent preservation of their natural immunological functions (e.g., pathogen defense) is the major obstacle in immunology. An anti-human CD4 antibody (MAX.16H5) was applied intravenously in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) and acute late-onset rejection after transplantation of a renal allograft. The response rates were remarkable and no critical allergic problems or side effects were obtained. During the treatment of autoimmune diseases with the murine MAX.16H5 IgG1 antibody its effector mechanisms with effects on lymphocytes, cytokines, laboratory and clinical parameters, adverse effects as well as pharmacodynamics and kinetics were studied in detail. However, as the possibility of developing immune reactions against the murine IgG1 Fc-part remains, the murine antibody was chimerized, inheriting CD4-directed variable domains of the MAX.16H5 IgG1 connected to a human IgG4 backbone. Both antibodies were studied in vitro and in specific humanized mouse transplantation models in vivo with a new scope. By ex vivo incubation of an allogeneic immune cell transplant with MAX.16H5 a new therapy strategy has emerged for the first time enabling both the preservation of the graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect and the permanent suppression of the acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) without conventional immunosuppression. In this review, we especially focus on experimental data and clinical trials obtained from the treatment of autoimmune diseases with the murine MAX.16H5 IgG1 antibody. Insights gained from these trials have paved the way to better understand the effects with the chimerized MAX.16H5 IgG4 as novel therapeutic approach in the context of GVHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Stahl
- Immune Tolerance Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Duenkel
- Immune Tolerance Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Max-Bürger Research Center, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Sandy Tretbar
- Immune Tolerance Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Immune Tolerance Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Chang YJ, Zhao XY, Huang XJ. Strategies for Enhancing and Preserving Anti-leukemia Effects Without Aggravating Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3041. [PMID: 30619371 PMCID: PMC6308132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a curable method for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In the past two decades, the establishment of haploidentical transplant modalities make “everyone has a donor” become a reality. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse remain the major two causes of death either in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched transplant or haploidentical transplant settings, both of which restrict the improvement of transplant outcomes. Preclinical mice model showed that both donor-derived T cells and natural killer (NK) cells play important role in the pathogenesis of GVHD and the effects of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL). Hence, understanding the immune mechanisms of GVHD and GVL would provide potential strategies for the control of leukemia relapse without aggravating GVHD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize the biology of GVHD and GVL responses in preclinical models and to discuss potential novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the relapse rate after allo-SCT. We will also review the approaches, including optimal donor selection and, conditioning regimens, donor lymphocyte infusion, BCR/ABL-specific CTL, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, which have been successfully used in the clinic to enhance and preserve anti-leukemia activity, especially GVL effects, without aggravating GVHD or alleviate GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital & Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital & Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital & Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hilger N, Mueller C, Stahl L, Mueller AM, Zoennchen B, Dluczek S, Halbich C, Wickenhauser C, Gerloff D, Wurm AA, Behre G, Kretschmer A, Fricke S. Incubation of Immune Cell Grafts With MAX.16H5 IgG1 Anti-Human CD4 Antibody Prolonged Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Mouse Model for Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2408. [PMID: 30405611 PMCID: PMC6204383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the constant development of innovative therapeutic options for hematological malignancies, the gold-standard therapy regimen for curative treatment often includes allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The graft-vs.-leukemia effect (GVL) is one of the main therapeutic goals that arises from HSCT. On the other hand, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) is still one of the main and most serious complications following allogeneic HSCT. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), HSCT together with high-dose chemotherapy is used as a treatment option. An aggressive progression of the disease, a decreased response to treatment, and a poor prognosis are connected to internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the Fms like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene, which affects around 30% of AML patients. In this study, C3H/HeN mice received an allogeneic graft together with 32D-FLT3ITD AML cells to induce acute GVHD and GVL. It was examined if pre-incubation of the graft with the anti-human cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 antibody MAX.16H5 IgG1 prevented the development of GVHD and whether the graft function was impaired. Animals receiving grafts pre-incubated with the antibody together with FLT3ITD AML cells survived significantly longer than mice receiving untreated grafts. The observed prolonged survival due to MAX.16H5 incubation of immune cell grafts prior to transplantation may allow an extended application of additional targeted strategies in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Hilger
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Mueller
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilly Stahl
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne M Mueller
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Zoennchen
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Halbich
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander A Wurm
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Behre
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Kretschmer
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Przybylski S, Gasch M, Marschner A, Ebert M, Ewe A, Helmig G, Hilger N, Fricke S, Rudzok S, Aigner A, Burkhardt J. Influence of nanoparticle-mediated transfection on proliferation of primary immune cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176517. [PMID: 28463994 PMCID: PMC5412997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the main obstacles in the widespread application of gene therapeutic approaches is the necessity for efficient and safe transfection methods. For the introduction of small oligonucleotide gene therapeutics into a target cell, nanoparticle-based methods have been shown to be highly effective and safe. While immune cells are a most interesting target for gene therapy, transfection might influence basic immune functions such as cytokine expression and proliferation, and thus positively or negatively affect therapeutic intervention. Therefore, we investigated the effects of nanoparticle-mediated transfection such as polyethylenimine (PEI) or magnetic beads on immune cell proliferation. METHODS Human adherent and non-adherent PBMCs were transfected by various methods (e.g. PEI, Lipofectamine® 2000, magnetofection) and stimulated. Proliferation was measured by lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). Cell cycle stages as well as expression of proliferation relevant genes were analyzed. Additionally, the impact of nanoparticles was investigated in vivo in a murine model of the severe systemic immune disease GvHD (graft versus host disease). RESULTS The proliferation of primary immune cells was influenced by nanoparticle-mediated transfection. In particular in the case of magnetic beads, proliferation inhibition coincided with short-term cell cycle arrest and reduced expression of genes relevant for immune cell proliferation. Notably, proliferation inhibition translated into beneficial effects in a murine GvHD model with animals treated with PEI-nanoparticles showing increased survival (pPEI = 0.002) most likely due to reduced inflammation. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time that nanoparticles utilized for gene therapeutic transfection are able to alter proliferation of immune cells and that this effect depends on the type of nanoparticle. For magnetic beads, this was accompanied by temporary cell cycle arrest. Notably, in GvHD this nonspecific anti-proliferative effect might contribute to reduced inflammation and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Przybylski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Gasch
- Translationszentrum für Regenerative Medizin (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Marschner
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Ebert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gisa Helmig
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Rudzok
- Translationszentrum für Regenerative Medizin (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Burkhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Diehl R, Ferrara F, Müller C, Dreyer AY, McLeod DD, Fricke S, Boltze J. Immunosuppression for in vivo research: state-of-the-art protocols and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:146-179. [PMID: 27721455 PMCID: PMC5301156 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost every experimental treatment strategy using non-autologous cell, tissue or organ transplantation is tested in small and large animal models before clinical translation. Because these strategies require immunosuppression in most cases, immunosuppressive protocols are a key element in transplantation experiments. However, standard immunosuppressive protocols are often applied without detailed knowledge regarding their efficacy within the particular experimental setting and in the chosen model species. Optimization of such protocols is pertinent to the translation of experimental results to human patients and thus warrants further investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding immunosuppressive drug classes as well as their dosages and application regimens with consideration of species-specific drug metabolization and side effects. It also summarizes contemporary knowledge of novel immunomodulatory strategies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells or antibodies. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art compendium for researchers to refine applied experimental immunosuppression and immunomodulation strategies to enhance the predictive value of preclinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Diehl
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Fabienne Ferrara
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charite University Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Antje Y Dreyer
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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Hilger N, Glaser J, Müller C, Halbich C, Müller A, Schwertassek U, Lehmann J, Ruschpler P, Lange F, Boldt A, Stahl L, Sack U, Oelkrug C, Emmrich F, Fricke S. Attenuation of graft-versus-host-disease in NOD scid IL-2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice by ex vivo modulation of human CD4(+) T cells. Cytometry A 2016; 89:803-15. [PMID: 27560708 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) IL-2rg(tm1Wjl) /SzJ (NSG) mice are a valuable tool for studying Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) induced by human immune cells. We used a model of acute GvHD by transfer of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into NSG mice. The severity of GvHD was reflected by weight loss and was associated with engraftment of human cells and the expansion of leukocytes, particularly granulocytes and monocytes. Pre-treatment of PBMCs with the anti-human CD4 antibody MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4 attenuated GvHD. The transplantation of 2 × 10(7) PBMCs without anti-human CD4 pre-treatment induced a severe GvHD (0% survival). In animals receiving 2 × 10(7) PBMCs pre-incubated with MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4, GvHD development was reduced and survival was increased. Immune reconstitution was measured by flow cytometry and confirmed for human leukocytes (CD45), CD3(+) /CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells and CD3(+) /CD4(+) T helper cells. Human B cells (CD19) and monocytes (CD14) could not be detected. Histopathological analysis (TUNEL assay) of the gut of recipient animals showed significantly less apoptotic crypt cells in animals receiving a MAX.16H5 IgG1 pre-incubated graft. These findings indicate that pre-incubation of an allogeneic graft with an anti-human CD4 antibody may decrease the frequency and severity of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the need of conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, this approach most probably provides a safer HSCT that must be confirmed in appropriate clinical trials in the future. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jakob Glaser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Halbich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulla Schwertassek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ruschpler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Lange
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilly Stahl
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Oelkrug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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Schmidt F, Hilger N, Oelkrug C, Svanidze E, Ruschpler P, Eichler W, Boldt A, Emmrich F, Fricke S. Flow cytometric analysis of the graft-versus-Leukemia-effect after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Cytometry A 2015; 87:334-45. [PMID: 25717029 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGvHD) is one of the major complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although rather helpful, the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs leads to general immunosuppression and is toxic. The effects of CD4(+) T-cells, in respect to the development of aGvHD, can be altered by administration of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies, here MAX.16H5 IgG1 . This approach must be tested for possible interference with the Graft-versus-Leukemia-Effect (GvL). Thus, in vitro experiments were conducted, exposing P815 leukemic cells to bone marrow and splenocytes from cd4(-/-) -C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for human CD4 and HLA-DR3 (triple transgenic mice, [TTG]) as well as previously irradiated splenocytes from Balb/c(wt) mice. Using flow cytometry, the vitality of the various malignant and graft cells was analyzed over the course of 4 days. The survival rate of P815 cells did not change significantly when exposed to MAX.16H5 IgG1 , neither did the viability of the graft cells. This provides evidence that MAX.16H5 IgG1 does not impair the GvL effect in vitro. Additionally, P815-Balb/c(wt) leukemic mice were transplanted with P815(GFP) cells, bone marrow, and splenocytes from TTG mice with and without MAX.16H5 IgG1 . Without transplantation, P815(GFP) leukemic cells could be detected by flow cytometry in the liver, the bone marrow, and the spleen of recipients. The antibodies prevented aGvHD while leaving the GvL effect intact. These findings indicate no negative effect of MAX.16H5 IgG1 on the GvL effect in vitro and in vivo after HSCT in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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Fricke S, Pfefferkorn C, Wolf D, Riemschneider S, Kohlschmidt J, Hilger N, Fueldner C, Knauer J, Sack U, Emmrich F, Lehmann J. Characterization of the murine myeloid precursor cell line MuMac-E8. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113743. [PMID: 25546418 PMCID: PMC4278753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting point for the present work was the assumption that the cell line MuMac-E8 represents a murine cell population with stem cell properties. Preliminary studies already pointed to the expression of stem-cell associated markers and a self-regenerative potential of the cells. The cell line MuMac-E8 should be examined for their differential stage within stem cell hierarchy. MuMac-E8 cells were derived from a chimeric mouse model of arthritis. It could be shown that MuMac-E8 cells express mRNA of some genes associated with pluripotent stem cells (Nanog, Nucleostemin), of genes for hematopoietic markers (EPCR, Sca-1, CD11b, CD45), for the mesenchymal marker CD105 and of genes for the neural markers Pax-6 and Ezrin. In methylcellulose and May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining, hematopoietic colonies were obtained but the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated mice could not be rescued. Osteogenic differentiation was not detectable. Thus, it became evident that MuMac-E8 represents not a stem cell line. However, MuMac-E8 cells expressed several myeloid surface markers (i.e. CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD64), showed phagocytosis and is capable of producing nitric oxide. Thus, this cell line seems to be arrested an advanced stage of myeloid differentiation. Adherence data measured by impedance-based real-time cell analysis together with cell morphology data suggested that MuMac-E8 represents a new macrophage precursor cell line exhibiting weak adherence. This cell line is suitable as an in-vitro model for testing of macrophage functions. Moreover, it might be also useful for differentiation or reprogramming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Doris Wolf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Kohlschmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Fueldner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Knauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Oelkrug C, Sack U, Boldt A, Nascimento IC, Ulrich H, Fricke S. Antibody- and aptamer-strategies for GvHD prevention. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:11-20. [PMID: 25353670 PMCID: PMC4288345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) by preserved Graft-versus-Leukaemia (GvL) effect is one of the major obstacles following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently used drugs are associated with side effects and were not able to separate GvHD from the GvL-effect because of general T-cell suppression. This review focuses on murine models for GvHD and currently available treatment options involving antibodies and applications for the therapeutic use of aptamers as well as strategies for targeting immune responses by allogenic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Oelkrug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Filippini P, Rutella S. Recent advances on cellular therapies and immune modulators for graft-versus-host disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1357-74. [PMID: 25196777 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.955475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is counterbalanced by the occurrence of life-threatening immune-mediated complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a multistep disease which is reportedly fatal to approximately 15% of transplant recipients. It is now established that T-cell-dendritic cell interactions, T-cell activation, release of proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell trafficking partake in GVHD pathogenesis. This article will focus on the most recent strategies aimed at preventing/treating GVHD by manipulating components of the innate and adaptive immune response from both the donor and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Filippini
- Department of Systems Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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14
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Plantinga M, de Haar C, Nierkens S, Boelens JJ. Dendritic Cell Therapy in an Allogeneic-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Setting: An Effective Strategy toward Better Disease Control? Front Immunol 2014; 5:218. [PMID: 24904573 PMCID: PMC4032952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a last treatment resort and only potentially curative treatment option for several hematological malignancies resistant to chemotherapy. The induction of profound immune regulation after allogeneic HCT is imperative to prevent graft-versus-host reactions and, at the same time, allow protective immune responses against pathogens and against tumor cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that are essential in regulating this balance and are of major interest as a tool to modulate immune responses in the complex and challenging phase of immune reconstitution early after allo-HCT. This review focuses on the use of DC vaccination to prevent cancer relapses early after allo-HCT. It describes the role of host and donor-DCs, various vaccination strategies, different DC subsets, antigen loading, DC maturation/activation, and injection sites and dose. At last, clinical trials using DC vaccination post-allo-HCT and the future perspectives of DC vaccination in combination with other cancer immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Plantinga
- Utrecht - Dendritic cells AgaiNst CancEr (U-DANCE), Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Colin de Haar
- Utrecht - Dendritic cells AgaiNst CancEr (U-DANCE), Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Utrecht - Dendritic cells AgaiNst CancEr (U-DANCE), Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Utrecht - Dendritic cells AgaiNst CancEr (U-DANCE), Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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