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Siemińska I, Arent Z. What we know about alterations in immune cells during sepsis in veterinary animals? Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 274:110804. [PMID: 39002363 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is still one of the most common causes of death of animals and humans. It is marked by an aberrant immune response to infection, resulting in extensive inflammation, organ dysfunction, and, in severe instances, organ failure. Recognizable symptoms and markers of sepsis encompass substantial elevations in body temperature, respiratory rate, hemoglobin levels, and alterations in immune cell counts, including neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils, along with increases in certain acute-phase proteins. In contrast to human medicine, veterinarians must take into account some species differences. This article provides a comprehensive overview of changes in the immune system during sepsis, placing particular emphasis on species variations and exploring potential future drugs and interventions. Hence, understanding the intricate balance of the immune responses during sepsis is crucial to develop effective treatments and interventions to improve the chances of recovery in animals suffering from this serious condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siemińska
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1C, Krakow 30-248, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Arent
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1C, Krakow 30-248, Poland
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Wang L, Chen Y, Wu H, Yu HH, Ma L. Slit2-Robo4 signal pathway and tight junction in intestine mediate LPS-induced inflammation in mice. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:349. [PMID: 38937814 PMCID: PMC11209965 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the most common clinical diseases, which is characterized by a serious and uncontrollable inflammatory response. LPS-induced inflammation is a critical pathological event in sepsis, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS The animal model was established for two batches. In the first batch of experiments, Adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.)group . In the second batch of experiments, mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, and LPS+VX765(10 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome) group. After 24 hours, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood and intestinal tissue were collected for tissue immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and ELISA assays. RESULTS The C57BL/6J mice injected with LPS for twenty-four hours could exhibit severe inflammatory reaction including an increased IL-1β, IL-18 in serum and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in intestine. The injection of VX765 could reverse these effects induced by LPS. These results indicated that the increased level of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum induced by LPS is related to the increased intestinal permeability and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In the second batch of experiments, results of western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that Slit2 and Robo4 were significant decreased in intestine of LPS group, while the expression of VEGF was significant increased. Meanwhile, the protein level of tight junction protein ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 were significantly lower than in control group, which could also be reversed by VX765 injection. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we revealed that Slit2-Robo4 signaling pathway and tight junction in intestine may be involved in LPS-induced inflammation in mice, which may account for the molecular mechanism of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingtai Chen
- Emergency Department, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Hua Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linhao Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Miao J, Li L, Shaheen N, Wei J, Jacko AM, Sundd P, Taleb SJ, Mallampalli RK, Zhao Y, Zhao J. The deubiquitinase USP40 preserves endothelial integrity by targeting the heat shock protein HSP90β. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:395-407. [PMID: 38307937 PMCID: PMC10907362 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and inflammation are the pathological hallmarks of vascular disorders and acute infectious diseases and related conditions, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and sepsis. Ubiquitination plays a critical role in regulating the stability, intracellular trafficking, and enzymatic activity of proteins and is reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The role of DUBs in endothelial biology is largely unknown. In this study, we report that USP40, a poorly characterized DUB, prevents EC barrier disruption through reductions in the activation of RhoA and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and cofilin. Furthermore, USP40 reduces EC inflammation through the attenuation of NF-ĸB activation, ICAM1 expression, and leukocyte-EC adhesion. We further show that USP40 activity and expression are reduced in response to endotoxin challenge. Global depletion of USP40 and EC-targeted USP40 depletion in mice exacerbated experimental lung injury, whereas lentiviral gene transfer of USP40 protected against endotoxin-induced lung injury. Using an unbiased approach, we discovered that the protective effect of USP40 occurs through the targeting of heat shock protein 90β (HSP90β) for its deubiquitination and inactivation. Together, these data reveal a critical protective role of USP40 in vascular injury, identifying a unique mechanistic pathway that profoundly impacts endothelial function via DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nargis Shaheen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasia M Jacko
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Vadillo E, Mantilla A, Aguilar-Flores C, De León-Rodríguez SG, Vela-Patiño S, Badillo J, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Ramírez L, León-Vega II, Fuentes-Castañeda C, Piña-Sánchez P, Prieto-Chávez JL, Pérez-Kondelkova V, Montesinos JJ, Bonifaz L, Pelayo R, Mayani H, Schnoor M. The invasive margin of early-stage human colon tumors is infiltrated with neutrophils of an antitumoral phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:672-683. [PMID: 37820030 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils infiltrate several types of cancer; however, whether their presence is associated with disease progression remains controversial. Here, we show that colon tumors overexpress neutrophil chemoattractants compared to healthy tissues, leading to their recruitment to the invasive margin and the central part of colon tumors. Of note, tumor-associated neutrophils expressing tumor necrosis factor α, which usually represents an antitumoral phenotype, were predominantly located in the invasive margin. Tumor-associated neutrophils from the invasive margin displayed an antitumoral phenotype with higher ICAM-1 and CD95 expression than neutrophils from healthy adjacent tissues. A higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found at later stages compared to the early phases of colon cancer. A neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ≤3.5 predicted tumor samples had significantly more neutrophils at the invasive margin and the central part. Moreover, tumor-associated neutrophils at the invasive margin of early-stage tumors showed higher ICAM-1 and CD95 expression. Coculture of colon cancer cell lines with primary neutrophils induced ICAM-1 and CD95 expression, confirming our in situ findings. Thus, our data demonstrate that tumor-associated neutrophils with an antitumoral phenotype characterized by high ICAM-1 and CD95 expression infiltrate the invasive margin of early-stage colon tumors, suggesting that these cells can combat the disease at its early courses. The presence of tumor-associated neutrophils with antitumoral phenotype could help predict outcomes of patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Oncología CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Flores
- UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Saraí Gisel De León-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sandra Vela-Patiño
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan Badillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Ramírez
- Servicio de Colon y Recto, Hospital de Oncología CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Iliana Itzel León-Vega
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Carmen Fuentes-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Jessica Lakshmi Prieto-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Citometría-Centro de Instrumentos, División de Desarrollo de la Investigación en Salud, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Av Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Vadim Pérez-Kondelkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, División de Desarrollo de la Investigación, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Laura Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, CMN S.XXI IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Unidad de Educación e Investigación, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec, Atlixco-Metepec, 74360 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Héctor Mayani
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CMN S.XXI IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Chen X, Chen J, Liu S, Li X. PECAM-1 mediates temsirolimus-induced increase in neutrophil transendothelial migration that leads to lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:180-186. [PMID: 37820453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Temsirolimus is a first-generation mTOR inhibitor commonly used in the clinical treatment of cancers that is associated with lung injury. However, the mechanism underlying this adverse effect remains elusive. Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the infiltration of neutrophils into the pulmonary alveoli, which eventually induces lung injury. The present study demonstrates that temsirolimus induces the aberrant expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, leading to enhanced neutrophil infiltration and subsequent lung injury. Results of a mouse model revealed that temsirolimus disrupted capillary-alveolar barrier function and facilitated neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium within the alveolar space. Consistent with our in vivo observations, temsirolimus impaired intercellular barrier function within monolayers of human lung endothelial cells, resulting in increased neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that temsirolimus-induced neutrophil transendothelial migration was mediated by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Collectively, these findings highlight that temsirolimus induces endothelial barrier dysfunction via PECAM-1-dependent pathway both in vitro and in vivo, ultimately leading to neutrophil infiltration and subsequent pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuihong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianfan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhao H, Wang P, Wang X, Du W, Yang HH, Liu Y, Cui SN, Huang W, Peng T, Chen J, Gao C, Wang Y, Sadayappan S, Ma C, Fan Y, Wang C, Fan GC. Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1981-1996. [PMID: 37392461 PMCID: PMC10681662 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation occurs commonly during many human disease settings and increases vascular permeability, leading to organ failure, and lethal outcomes. Lipocalin 10 (Lcn10), a poorly characterized member of the lipocalin family, is remarkably altered in the cardiovascular system of human patients with inflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, whether Lcn10 regulates inflammation-induced endothelial permeability remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Systemic inflammation models were induced using mice by injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. We observed that the expression of Lcn10 was dynamically altered only in endothelial cells (ECs), but not in either fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes isolated from mouse hearts following the LPS challenge or CLP surgery. Using in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches and an in vivo global knockout mouse model, we discovered that Lcn10 negatively regulated endothelial permeability upon inflammatory stimuli. Loss of Lcn10 augmented vascular leakage, leading to severe organ damage and higher mortality following LPS challenge, compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, overexpression of Lcn10 in ECs displayed opposite effects. A mechanistic analysis revealed that both endogenous and exogenous elevation of Lcn10 in ECs could activate slingshot homologue 1 (Ssh1)-Cofilin signalling cascade, a key axis known to control actin filament dynamics. Accordingly, a reduced formation of stress fibre and increased generation of cortical actin band were exhibited in Lcn10-ECs, when compared to controls upon endotoxin insults. Furthermore, we identified that Lcn10 interacted with LDL receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2) in ECs, which acted as an upstream factor of the Ssh1-Confilin signalling. Finally, injection of recombinant Lcn10 protein into endotoxic mice showed therapeutic effects against inflammation-induced vascular leakage. CONCLUSION This study identifies Lcn10 as a novel regulator of EC function and illustrates a new link in the Lcn10-LRP2-Ssh1 axis to controlling endothelial barrier integrity. Our findings may provide novel strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Wa Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chengen Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
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You LJ, Li PW, Zhang WW, Feng MF, Zhao WP, Hou HM, Piao XM, Wang LB, Zhang Y. Schisandrin A ameliorates increased pulmonary capillary endothelial permeability accompanied with sepsis through inhibition of RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110124. [PMID: 37028276 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response, and vascular leakage associated with acute lung injury (ALI) is an important pathophysiological process during sepsis. Schisandrin A (SchA) is a bioactive lignan which has been reported to have the anti-inflammatory effects in many studies, while whether SchA can ameliorate ALI-related vascular leakage caused by sepsis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role and the underlying mechanism of SchA in increase of pulmonary vascular permeability induced by sepsis. METHODS The effect of SchA on pulmonary vascular permeability was examined in rat acute lung injury model. The effect of SchA on skin vascular permeability of mice was investigated through Miles assay. MTT assay was performed to detect the cell activity, and transwell assay was used to detect the effect of SchA on cell permeability. The effects of SchA on junction proteins and RhoA/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway were manifested by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. RESULTS The administration of SchA alleviated rat pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, relieved increased permeability in the mouse skin and HUVECs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Meanwhile, SchA inhibited the formation of stress fibers, reversed the decrease of expression of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. Subsequent experiments confirmed that SchA inhibited RhoA/ROCK1/MLC canonical pathway in rat lungs and HUVECs induced by LPS. Moreover, overexpression of RhoA reversed the inhibitory effect of SchA in HUVECs, which suggested that SchA protected the pulmonary endothelial barrier by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, our results indicate that SchA ameliorates the increase of pulmonary endothelial permeability induced by sepsis through inhibition of RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway, providing a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan You
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Pei-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Ming-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Hou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Xian-Mei Piao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Zhang R, Liu H, Dai D, Ding X, Wang D, Wang Y, Shi X, Zhang S, Duan X, Wang H, Luo Y, Liu S, Han B, Zhang X, Fang Y, Yang J, Xu W, Sun T. Adjunctive sepsis therapy with aminophylline (STAP): a randomized controlled trial. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2843-2850. [PMID: 36728571 PMCID: PMC9944697 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a serious disease caused by infection. Aminophylline has anti-asthma and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to explore the safety and effect of aminophylline in sepsis. METHODS We conducted a clinical randomized controlled trial involving 100 patients diagnosed with sepsis within 48 h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission in two sites. All patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive standard therapy with or without aminophylline. The primary clinical outcome was all-cause mortality at 28 days. RESULTS From September 27, 2018 to February 12, 2020, we screened 277 septic patients and eventually enrolled 100 patients, with 50 assigned to the aminophylline group and 50 to the usual-care group. At 28 days, 7 of 50 patients (14.0%) in the aminophylline group had died, compared with 16 of 50 (32.0%) in the usual-care group ( P = 0.032). Cox regression showed that the aminophylline group had a lower hazard of death (hazard ratio = 0.312, 95% confidence interval: 0.129-0.753). Compared with the usual-care group, patients in the aminophylline group had a longer survival time ( P = 0.039 by the log-rank test). The effects of aminophylline on vasopressor dose, oxygenation index, and sequential organ failure assessment score were time-dependent with treatment. There were no significant differences in total hospitalization days, ICU hospitalization days, and rates of serious adverse events (all P > 0.05). No adverse events were observed in the trial. CONCLUSIONS Aminophylline as an adjunct therapy could significantly reduce the risk of death and prolong the survival time of patients with sepsis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR1800019173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Zhang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Huan Liu
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongmei Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yan Wang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xuexiu Shi
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Haixu Wang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yonggang Luo
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Bing Han
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yu Fang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Precision Medicine Monitoring Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wangbin Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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9
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Gong H, Chen Y, Chen M, Li J, Zhang H, Yan S, Lv C. Advanced development and mechanism of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1043859. [PMID: 36452899 PMCID: PMC9701739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1043859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the Sepsis 3.0 guidelines in 2016 improved our understanding of sepsis diagnosis and therapy. Personalized treatment strategies and nursing methods for sepsis patients are recommended in the "Save Sepsis Campaign" in 2021. However, mortality in sepsis patients remains high. Patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome account for around 30% of them, with fatality rates ranging from 30 to 40%. Pathological specimens from individuals with sepsis-related ARDS frequently demonstrate widespread alveolar damage, and investigations have revealed that pulmonary epithelial and pulmonary endothelial injury is the underlying cause. As a result, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the mechanism and research progress of pulmonary epithelial and pulmonary endothelial damage in sepsis-related ARDS, which may provide new directions for future research, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Gong
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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10
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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11
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Zinc transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm via Zip7 is necessary for barrier dysfunction mediated by inflammatory signaling in RPE cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271656. [PMID: 35901031 PMCID: PMC9333247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling induces barrier dysfunction in retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells and plays a role in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We studied the role of Zn flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytoplasm via Zip7 during inflammatory signaling in RPE cells. In ARPE-19 cells, Zip7 inhibition reduced impedance loss, FITC-dextran permeability and cytokine induction caused by challenge with IL-1β/TNF-α. Zip7 inhibition in iPS-derived RPE cells challenged with TNF- α reduced barrier loss in TER assays. In ARPE-19 cells, a Zn ionophore restored cytokine induction and barrier loss in cells challenged with IL-1 β /TNF- α despite Zip7 inhibition. A cell permeable Zn chelator demonstrated that Zn is essential for IL-1 β /TNF- α signaling. ER stress caused by Zip7 inhibition in ARPE-19 cells was found to partially contribute to reducing barrier dysfunction caused by IL-1 β /TNF- α. Overall, it was shown that Zn flux through Zip7 from the ER to the cytoplasm plays a critical role in driving barrier dysfunction caused by inflammatory cytokines in RPE cells.
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12
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Godbole NM, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N, Awasthi S. Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:2142-2162. [PMID: 35779195 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket M Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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13
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Luxen M, van Meurs M, Molema G. Unlocking the Untapped Potential of Endothelial Kinase and Phosphatase Involvement in Sepsis for Drug Treatment Design. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867625. [PMID: 35634305 PMCID: PMC9136877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a devastating clinical condition that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Despite advancements in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis and sepsis-associated multiple organ failure, no effective therapeutic treatment to directly counteract it has yet been established. The endothelium is considered to play an important role in sepsis. This review highlights a number of signal transduction pathways involved in endothelial inflammatory activation and dysregulated endothelial barrier function in response to sepsis conditions. Within these pathways – NF-κB, Rac1/RhoA GTPases, AP-1, APC/S1P, Angpt/Tie2, and VEGF/VEGFR2 – we focus on the role of kinases and phosphatases as potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention. Animal studies and clinical trials that have been conducted for this purpose are discussed, highlighting reasons why they might not have resulted in the expected outcomes, and which lessons can be learned from this. Lastly, opportunities and challenges that sepsis and sepsis-associated multiple organ failure research are currently facing are presented, including recommendations on improved experimental design to increase the translational power of preclinical research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Luxen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Matthijs Luxen,
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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14
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Lartey NL, Vargas-Robles H, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, García-Ponce A, Salinas-Lara C, Rottner K, Schnoor M. The Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Sepsis Severity by Supporting Excessive Neutrophil Infiltration into the Lung. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051019. [PMID: 35625756 PMCID: PMC9139066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infection that can lead to multi-organ failure. It is characterised by an uncontrolled immune response with massive neutrophil influx into peripheral organs. Neutrophil extravasation into tissues depends on actin remodeling and actin-binding proteins such as cortactin, which is expressed ubiquitously, except for neutrophils. Endothelial cortactin is necessary for proper regulation of neutrophil transendothelial migration and recruitment to sites of infection. We therefore hypothesised that cortactin plays a crucial role in sepsis development by regulating neutrophil trafficking. Using a murine model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we showed that cortactin-deficient (KO) mice survive better due to reduced lung injury. Histopathological analysis of lungs from septic KO mice revealed absence of oedema, reduced vascular congestion and mucus deposition, and better-preserved alveoli compared to septic wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, sepsis-induced cytokine storm, excessive neutrophil infiltration into the lung and oxidative stress were significantly reduced in KO mice. Neutrophil depletion 12 h after sepsis improved survival in WT mice by averting lung injury, similar to both neutrophil-depleted and non-depleted KO mice. Our findings highlight a critical role of cortactin for lung neutrophil infiltration and sepsis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Lartey
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Idaira M. Guerrero-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Cell Biology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3321
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15
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HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil-inflicted lung damage. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151214. [PMID: 35286924 PMCID: PMC10170315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains an important health problem worldwide due to inefficient treatments often resulting in multi-organ failure. Neutrophil recruitment is critical during sepsis. While neutrophils are required to combat invading bacteria, excessive neutrophil recruitment contributes to tissue damage due to their arsenal of molecular weapons that do not distinguish between host and pathogen. Thus, neutrophil recruitment needs to be fine-tuned to ensure bacterial killing, while avoiding neutrophil-inflicted tissue damage. We recently showed that the actin-binding protein HS1 promotes neutrophil extravasation; and hypothesized that HS1 is also a critical regulator of sepsis progression. We evaluated the role of HS1 in a model of lethal sepsis induced by cecal-ligation and puncture. We found that septic HS1-deficient mice had a better survival rate compared to WT mice due to absence of lung damage. Lungs of septic HS1-deficient mice showed less inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular congestion. Importantly, systemic CLP-induced neutrophil recruitment was attenuated in the lungs, the peritoneum and the cremaster in the absence of HS1. Lungs of HS1-deficient mice produced significantly more interleukin-10. Compared to WT neutrophils, those HS1-deficient neutrophils that reached the lungs had increased surface levels of Gr-1, ICAM-1, and L-selectin. Interestingly, HS1-deficient neutrophils had similar F-actin content and phagocytic activity, but they failed to polymerize actin and deform in response to CXCL-1 likely explaining the reduced systemic neutrophil recruitment in HS1-deficient mice. Our data show that HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil recruitment to amounts sufficient to combat bacterial infection, but insufficient to induce tissue damage.
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16
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Li J, Zhou L, Li Z, Yang S, Tang L, Gong H. Identification of Crucial Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells Underlying Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 12:812509. [PMID: 35003233 PMCID: PMC8740124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.812509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), with a possibly reversible cardiac dysfunction, is a potential complication of septic shock. Despite quite a few mechanisms including the inflammatory mediator, exosomes, and mitochondrial dysfunction, having been confirmed in the existing research studies we still find it obscure about the overall situation of gene co-expression that how they can affect the pathological process of SIC. Thus, we intended to find out the crucial hub genes, biological signaling pathways, and infiltration of immunocytes underlying SIC. It was weighted gene co-expression network analysis that worked as our major method on the ground of the gene expression profiles: hearts of those who died from sepsis were compared to hearts donated by non-failing humans which could not be transplanted for technical reasons (GSE79962). The top 25 percent of variant genes were abstracted to identify 10 co-expression modules. In these modules, brown and green modules showed the strongest negative and positive correlation with SIC, which were primarily enriched in the bioenergy metabolism, immunoreaction, and cell death. Next, nine genes (LRRC39, COQ10A, FSD2, PPP1R3A, TNFRSF11B, IL1RAP, DGKD, POR, and THBS1) including two downregulated and seven upregulated genes which were chosen as hub genes that meant the expressive level of which was higher than the counterparts in control groups. Then, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated a close relationship of hub genes to the cardiac metabolism and the necroptosis and apoptosis of cells in SIC. Concerning immune cells infiltration, a higher level of neutrophils and B cells native and a lower level of mast cells resting and plasma cells had been observed in patients with SIC. In general, nine candidate biomarkers were authenticated as a reliable signature for deeper exploration of basic and clinical research studies on SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangneng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyue Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Chen H, Shen Y, Liang Y, Qiu Y, Xu M, Li C. Selexipag improves Lipopolysaccharide-induced ARDS on C57BL/6 mice by modulating the cAMP/PKA and cAMP/Epac1 signaling pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1043-1052. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Shen
- General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Qiu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Meili Xu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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18
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Duan X, Yang Y, Yang A, Zhao Y, Fan F, Niu L, Hao N. Terbutaline attenuates LPS-induced injury of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by cAMP/Epac signaling. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:699-707. [PMID: 34846077 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by an acute onset of severe hypoxemia, is a common and devastating syndrome usually triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection from bacteria. This study is intended to explore whether terbutaline can alleviate LPS-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVEC) injury through cAMP/Epac signaling. LPS was utilized to induce ALI in HPMVECs, and after exposure of LPS-induced HPMVECs to terbutaline, the cellular functions including cell viability and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit-8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. The protein expression related to cAMP/Epac signaling, apoptosis, and that of tight junction and inflammatory factors were evaluated at the same time. The effects of terbutaline on cellular functions were confirmed again after the addition of antagonists of cAMP and Epac, respectively. The levels of both cAMP and Epac reduced by LPS was concentration-dependently increased by terbutaline. The apoptosis and endothelial cell permeability damage of LPS-induced HPMVECs were enhanced after the addition of KT-5720 and ESI-09. The beneficial effects of terbutaline on alleviating the inflammation and apoptosis in HPMVECs injured by LPS are mediated by cAMP/Epac signaling, and this evidence would demonstrate the potential of terbutaline in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Duan
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aping Yang
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leilei Niu
- Neonatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Hao
- Oncological Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Apelin-13-Mediated AMPK ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury mice via improvement of mitochondrial function and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108230. [PMID: 34655850 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the pulmonary endothelial barrier that prevents the exudation of inflammatory factors and proteins is the key to the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). Apelin-13 plays an important role in vascular diseases; however, the protective effects of Apelin-13 on ALI with pulmonary endothelial barrier are unknown. Therefore, mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were injured by LPS following Apelin-13 administration. ALI mice showed reduced pulmonary vascular permeability, adhesion junction, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy compared to the control group. Apelin-13 administration in ALI mice ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury, pulmonary vascular permeability, mitochondrial function, and promoted autophagic flux in mice and HUVECs. However, the effect of Apelin-13 was reduced after AMPK inhibition using Compound C. These data suggest that Apelin-13 ameliorates pulmonary vascular permeability in mice with ALI induced by LPS, which may be related to enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK to regulate mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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20
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Silencing ROCK1 ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting macrophages' NLRP3 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108208. [PMID: 34619496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rho kinase, including two subtypes, ROCK1 and ROCK2, controls a variety of biological processes helping coordinate the tissues response to stress and injury. Some authors believe that alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a key role in the early phase of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which is closely related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling. However, there is currently little known about the relationship between ROCK signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Accordingly, we focused on exploring the effect of ROCK for NLRP3 inflammasome, the results showed that VILI in C57BL/6 mice significantly increased NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase1 expression, and the secretion of cytokines, which was reversed by applying the ROCK Inhibitor-Y27632. Moreover, the use of AMs and mechanical stretching suggested that ROCK regulated transcriptional level of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome in AMs. Specifically, we silenced the ROCK1 and ROCK2 respectively, and found that the inflammation of MH-S cells after LPS and ATP priming could be regulated by ROCK1 and ROCK2, while the NLRP3 was only dependent upon ROCK1. Meantime, the related genes of NLRP3 signal are also regulated by ROCK1. Collectively, our data suggest that silencing ROCK1 ameliorates VILI in mice in part by inhibiting AMs' NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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21
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Liu Y, Xia H, Xia G, Lin S, Guo L, Liu Y. The effect of an isoquinoline alkaloid on treatment of periodontitis by regulating the neutrophils chemotaxis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:475-484. [PMID: 34184309 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0321-736r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil plays a critical role in the progression of periodontitis. In general, its chemotaxis and activation are benefit for the host defense of bacterial infection and inflammation. However, previous studies have reported that the hyperactive and reactive neutrophils appear to be one of the reasons for tissue destruction in periodontitis tissues. In this study, we investigated an isoquinoline alkaloid Litcubanine A (LA), which from the Traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Litsea cubeba. We found LA showed significant activity in inhibiting neutrophils chemotaxis in the zebrafish yolk sac microinjection model in vivo and in mouse neutrophils in vitro. Further investigation proved that LA could inhibit the expression levels of neutrophil respiratory burst-related and inflammation-related genes CYBB and NCF2, as well as inhibit the activation of MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, using LA, we successfully achieved the effect of reducing periodontitis bone loss by regulating neutrophil chemotaxis and related functions in a mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hollósi A, Pászty K, Kellermayer M, Charras G, Varga A. BRAF Modulates Stretch-Induced Intercellular Gap Formation through Localized Actin Reorganization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168989. [PMID: 34445693 PMCID: PMC8396467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces acting on cell–cell adhesion modulate the barrier function of endothelial cells. The actively remodeled actin cytoskeleton impinges on cell–cell adhesion to counteract external forces. We applied stress on endothelial monolayers by mechanical stretch to uncover the role of BRAF in the stress-induced response. Control cells responded to external forces by organizing and stabilizing actin cables in the stretched cell junctions. This was accompanied by an increase in intercellular gap formation, which was prevented in BRAF knockdown monolayers. In the absence of BRAF, there was excess stress fiber formation due to the enhanced reorganization of actin fibers. Our findings suggest that stretch-induced intercellular gap formation, leading to a decrease in barrier function of blood vessels, can be reverted by BRAF RNAi. This is important when the endothelium experiences changes in external stresses caused by high blood pressure, leading to edema, or by immune or cancer cells in inflammation or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hollósi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katalin Pászty
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Aminophylline modulates the permeability of endothelial cells via the Slit2-Robo4 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 34373728 PMCID: PMC8343459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the main cause of mortality in intensive care units. The prevention and treatment of sepsis remains a significant challenge worldwide. The endothelial cell barrier plays a critical role in the development of sepsis. Aminophylline, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to reduce endothelial cell permeability. However, little is known regarding the role of aminophylline in regulating vascular permeability during sepsis, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, the Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway, the downstream protein, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and endothelial cell permeability were investigated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. It was indicated that, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), LPS downregulated Slit2, Robo4 and VE-cadherin protein expression levels and, as expected, increased endothelial cell permeability in vitro during inflammation. After administration of aminophylline, the protein expression levels of Slit2, Robo4 and VE-cadherin were upregulated and endothelial cell permeability was significantly improved. These results suggested that the permeability of endothelial cells could be mediated by VE-cadherin via the Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway. Aminophylline reduced endothelial permeability in a LPS-induced inflammation model. Therefore, aminophylline may represent a promising candidate for modulating vascular permeability induced by inflammation or sepsis.
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Canagliflozin protects against sepsis capillary leak syndrome by activating endothelial α1AMPK. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13700. [PMID: 34211080 PMCID: PMC8249425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is an independent prognostic factor for poor sepsis outcome. We previously demonstrated that α1AMP-activated protein kinase (α1AMPK) prevents sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability by mechanisms involving VE-cadherin (VE-Cad) stabilization and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase/heat shock protein of 27 kDa (p38MAPK/HSP27) pathway. Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, has recently been proven to activate AMPK in endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that canagliflozin could be of therapeutic potential in patients suffering from SCLS. We herein report that canagliflozin, used at clinically relevant concentrations, counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyperpermeability and albumin leakage in wild-type, but not in endothelial-specific α1AMPK-knockout mice. In vitro, canagliflozin was demonstrated to activate α1AMPK/p38MAPK/HSP27 pathway and to preserve VE-Cad’s integrity in human endothelial cells exposed to human septic plasma. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that canagliflozin protects against SCLS via an α1AMPK-dependent pathway, and lead us to consider novel therapeutic perspectives for this drug in SCLS.
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25
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Li Y, Suo L, Fu Z, Li G, Zhang J. Pivotal role of endothelial cell autophagy in sepsis. Life Sci 2021; 276:119413. [PMID: 33794256 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a fatal organ dysfunction resulting from a disordered host response to infection. Endothelial cells (ECs) are usually the primary targets of inflammatory mediators in sepsis; damage to ECs plays a pivotal part in vital organ failure. In recent studies, autophagy was suggested to play a critical role in the ECs injury although the mechanisms by which ECs are injured in sepsis are not well elucidated. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that includes sequestrating plasma contents and transporting cargo to lysosomes for recycling the vital substrates required for metabolism. This pathway also counteracts microbial invasion to balance and retain homeostasis, especially during sepsis. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is closely associated with endothelial function. The role of autophagy in sepsis may or may not be favorable depending upon conditions. In the present review, the current knowledge of autophagy in the process of sepsis and its influence on ECs was evaluated. In addition, the potential of targeting EC autophagy for clinical treatment of sepsis was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Liangyuan Suo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shengyang, Liaoning 110042, PR China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Adult Primary Capillary Hemangioma of the Sclera: A Previously Undescribed Entity With a Review of Epibulbar Vascular Lesions. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 36:327-333. [PMID: 31895731 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this article is to document a unique case of a primary hemangioma and review epibulbar vascular tumors of the conjunctiva and episclera. METHODS A case report with detailed histopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies coupled with a comprehensive review of the relevant literature with a tabulation of previously reported epibulbar vascular lesions was performed. RESULTS A vascular tumor developed in a 46-year-old woman over 2-3 months that histopathologically was located in the superficial third of the normally avascular sclera and was composed of capillary caliber vessels. CD31 and CD34 positivity established the vascular nature of the lesion. Despite its adult onset, the tumor was also glut-1 positive, a vascular characteristic of childhood capillary hemangiomas that will ultimately involute. Smooth muscle actin was positive in the endothelial cells and associated pericytes. An ectatic muscular vessel identified in the midst of the lesion was interpreted as an anomalous intrascleral branch of an epibulbar anterior ciliary artery, where it perforated the sclera in the vicinity of the insertion of an extraocular rectus muscle. It was deduced to be the source of the capillary proliferation. A literature review failed to identify any previously reported epibulbar vascular tumor that originated primarily in the sclera or secondarily infiltrated this ocular tunic. CONCLUSION An adult primary capillary intrascleral neoplasm is described as the rarest of all epibulbar vascular tumors and in keeping with the exceptional status of the ocular endothelium was glut-1 positive. This lesion must be distinguished from an array of other common and esoteric epibulbar vascular conditions.
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27
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Shen Y, Ding W. Therapeutic Hypothermia Mitigates the Sepsis-Increased Permeability in EA. hy926 Cells by Preserving Rap1 Expression. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2021; 11:201-207. [PMID: 33709787 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect and potential mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the permeability of septic cells. Human EA. hy926 cells were transfected with, or without, control or ras-proximate-1 (Rap1)-specific siRNA and treated with 2 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were cultured in normal temperature (NT) or a temporary TH for 10 hours. The cellular permeability of each group of cells was determined by transwell permeability assay. The relative levels of Rap1, RhoA (a small GTP enzyme of the Rho family), VE-cadherin expression, and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were quantified by Western blot and immunofluorescent assays. Compared with the control group, LPS stimulation increased cellular permeability in EA. hy926 cells under an NT condition, but significantly mitigated by TH. The effect of TH decreased after Rap1 silencing. Furthermore, LPS upregulated RhoA expression and MLC phosphorylation, but reduced Rap1 and VE-cadherin expression, which were also enhanced by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH. Immunofluorescent analyses indicated that LPS significantly increased phosphorylated MLC, but decreased VE-cadherin expression, which were further deteriorated by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH in EA. hy926 cells. TH significantly mitigated the sepsis-increased permeability of EA. hy926 cells by enhancing the Rap1 expression to attenuate the RhoA/MLC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Shen
- Department of Burns, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Seebach J, Klusmeier N, Schnittler H. Autoregulatory "Multitasking" at Endothelial Cell Junctions by Junction-Associated Intermittent Lamellipodia Controls Barrier Properties. Front Physiol 2021; 11:586921. [PMID: 33488392 PMCID: PMC7815704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) junctions are key structures controlling tissue homeostasis in physiology. In the last three decades, excellent studies have addressed many aspects of this complex and highly dynamic regulation, including cell signaling, remodeling processes of the proteins of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions, the cytoskeleton, and post-transcriptional modifications, transcriptional activation, and gene silencing. In this dynamic process, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) provides the core structure of EC junctions mediating the physical adhesion of cells as well as the control of barrier function and monolayer integrity via remodeling processes, regulation of protein expression and post-translational modifications. In recent years, research teams have documented locally restricted dynamics of EC junctions in which actin-driven protrusions in plasma membranes play a central role. In this regard, our research group showed that the dynamics of VE-cadherin is driven by small (1-5 μm) actin-mediated protrusions in plasma membranes that, due to this specific function, were named "junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia" (JAIL). JAIL form at overlapping, adjacent cells, and exactly at this site new VE-cadherin interactions occur, leading to new VE-cadherin adhesion sites, a process that restores weak or lost VE-cadherin adhesion. Mechanistically, JAIL formation occurs locally restricted (1-5 μm) and underlies autoregulation in which the local VE-cadherin concentration is an important parameter. A decrease in the local concentration of VE-cadherin stimulates JAIL formation, whereas an increase in the concentration of VE-cadherin blocks it. JAIL mediated VE-cadherin remodeling at the subjunctional level have been shown to be of crucial importance in angiogenesis, wound healing, and changes in permeability during inflammation. The concept of subjunctional regulation of EC junctions is strongly supported by permeability assays, which can be employed to quantify actin-driven subjunctional changes. In this brief review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and concepts of subjunctional regulation in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Klusmeier
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Longhitano Y, Zanza C, Thangathurai D, Taurone S, Kozel D, Racca F, Audo A, Ravera E, Migneco A, Piccioni A, Franceschi F. Gut Alterations in Septic Patients: A Biochemical Literature Review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 15:289-297. [PMID: 32781963 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200811105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with high mortality and morbidity rate and with the disease progression many alterations are observed in different organs. The gastrointestinal tract is often damaged during sepsis and septic shock and main symptoms are related to increased permeability, bacterial translocation and malabsorption. These intestinal alterations can be both cause and effect of sepsis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to analyze different pathways that lead to intestinal alteration in sepsis and to explore the most common methods for intestinal permeability measurement and, at the same time to evaluate if their use permit to identify patients at high risk of sepsis and eventually to estimate the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The peer-reviewed articles analyzed were selected from PubMed databases using the keywords "sepsis" "gut alteration", "bowel permeability", "gut alteration", "bacterial translocation", "gut permeability tests", "gut inflammation". Among the 321 papers identified, 190 articles were selected, after title - abstract examination and removing the duplicates and studies on pediatric population,only 105 articles relating to sepsis and gut alterations were analyzed. RESULTS Integrity of the intestinal barrier plays a key role in the preventing of bacterial translocation and gut alteration related to sepsis. It is obvious that this dysfunction of the small intestine can have serious consequences and the early identification of patients at risk - to develop malabsorption or already malnourished - is very recommended to increase the survivor rate. Until now, in critical patients, the dosage of citrullinemia is easily applied test in clinical setting, in fact, it is relatively easy to administer and allows to accurately assess the functionality of enterocytes. CONCLUSION The sepsis can have an important impact on the gastrointestinal function. In addition, the alteration of the permeability can become a source of systemic infection. At the moment, biological damage markers are not specific, but the dosage of LPS, citrulline, lactulose/mannitol test, FABP and fecal calprotectin are becoming an excellent alternative with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, St. Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, St. Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Duraiyah Thangathurai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck Medical School of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kozel
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, St. Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Racca
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, St. Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Audo
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, St. Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Verduno, Italy
| | - Alessio Migneco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Emergency Sciences,, Policlinico Gemelli/IRCCS - Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Emergency Sciences,, Policlinico Gemelli/IRCCS - Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Emergency Sciences,, Policlinico Gemelli/IRCCS - Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Uddin MA, Akhter MS, Kubra KT, Whitaker KE, Shipley SL, Smith LM, Barabutis N. Hsp90 inhibition protects the brain microvascular endothelium against oxidative stress. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021; 1. [PMID: 33569547 PMCID: PMC7869856 DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain endothelium is an integral element of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dysfunction of this formation due to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) progresses the establishment of neurological disorders including stroke and traumatic brain injury. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors are anti-inflammatory agents, and their activities are mediated, at least in part, by P53. This is a tumor suppressor protein which regulates the opposing activities of Rac1 and RhoA in the cellular cytoskeleton. In the present study we investigated the role of Hsp90 inhibitors in the H2O2-induced brain endothelium breakdown, by employing human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Our findings suggest that H2O2 downregulates P53 by enhancing the P53 suppressor mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), as well as by increasing the apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor 1 (APE1/Ref1). The H2O2 – triggered violation of the brain endothelium barrier was reflected in measurements of transendothelial resistance, and the increased expression of the key cytoskeletal modulators cofilin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). Treatment of the hCMEC/D3 cells with Hsp90 inhibitors counteracted those events, and reduced the generation of the hydrogen peroxide – induced reactive oxygen species. Hence, our study suggests that Hsp90 inhibition supports the BBB integrity, and may represent a promising therapeutic approach for disorders associated with brain endothelium breakdown; including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Uddin
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Kathryn E Whitaker
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Summer L Shipley
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Landon M Smith
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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31
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Cao H, Seto SW, Bhuyan DJ, Chan HH, Song W. Effects of Thrombin on the Neurovascular Unit in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:973-984. [PMID: 33392917 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality that poses a significant burden on society and the economy. About 60% of cerebral ischemia is caused by thrombus, and the formation of thrombus proceeds from insoluble fibrin, following its transformation from liquid fibrinogen. In thrombus-induced ischemia, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), followed by the extravasation of blood components into the brain results in an altered brain microenvironment. Changes in the brain microenvironment affect brain function and the neurovascular unit (NVU), the working unit of the brain. Recent studies have reported that coagulation factors interact with the NVU and its components, but the specific function of this interaction is highly speculative and warrants further investigations. In this article, we reviewed the role of coagulation factors in cerebral ischemia and the role of coagulation factors in thrombosis. Additionally, the influence of thrombin on the NVU is introduced, as well as in the function of NVU, which may help to explore part of brain injury mechanism during ischemia. Lastly, we propose some novel therapeutic approaches on ischemic stroke by reducing the risk of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hoi Huen Chan
- Hong Kong Community College, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China.
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32
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Zhao Q, Xu N, Guo H, Li J. Identification of the Diagnostic Signature of Sepsis Based on Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression and Machine Learning. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 25:21-28. [PMID: 33280594 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201204130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by the dysregulated host response to the infection and the major cause of death of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis of sepsis could significantly reduce in-hospital mortality. Though generated from infection, the development of sepsis follows its own psychological process and disciplines, alters with gender, health status and other factors. Hence, the analysis of mass data by bioinformatics tools and machine learning is a promising method for exploring early diagnosis. METHODS We collected miRNA and mRNA expression data of sepsis blood samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress databases, screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by R software, predicted miRNA targets on TargetScanHuman and miRTarBase websites, conducted Gene Ontology (GO) term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis based on overlapping DEGs. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and predict hub genes. Then we constructed a Random Forest model by using the hub genes to assess sample type. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis of GEO dataset revealed 46 overlapping DEGs in sepsis. The PPI network analysis identified five hub genes, SOCS3, KBTBD6, FBXL5, FEM1C and WSB1. Random Forest model based on these five hub genes was used to assess GSE95233 and GSE95233 datasets, and the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.900 and 0.7988, respectively, which confirmed the efficacy of this model. CONCLUSION The integrated analysis of gene expression in sepsis and the effective Random Forest model built in this study may provide promising diagnostic methods for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051,China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051,China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051,China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051,China
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Sun J, Chen F, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Tian W, Yu J, Wang K. Intestinal mRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis in a methamphetamine-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1669. [PMID: 33490181 PMCID: PMC7812166 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine use has become a serious global public health problem and puts increasing burdens on healthcare services. Abdominal complications caused by methamphetamine use are uncommon and often go ignored by clinicians. The exact intestinal pathological alterations and transcriptomic responses associated with methamphetamine use are not well understood. This study sought to investigate the transcriptome in a methamphetamine-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using next-generation RNA sequencing. Methods Tissues from the ileum of methamphetamine-treated mice (n=5) and control mice (n=5) were dissected, processed and applied to RNA-sequencing. Bioinformatics and histopathological analysis were then performed. The expression profiles of intestinal tissue samples were analyzed and their expression profiles were integrated to obtain the differentially expressed genes and analyzed using bioinformatics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes were performed using Metascape. Results A total of 326 differentially expressed genes were identified; of these genes, 120 were upregulated and 206 were downregulated. The Gene Ontology analysis showed that the biological processes of the differentially expressed genes were focused primarily on the regulation of cellular catabolic processes, endocytosis, and autophagy. The main cellular components included the endoplasmic and endocytic vesicles, cytoskeleton, adherens junctions, focal adhesions, cell body, and lysosomes. Molecular functions included protein transferase, GTPase and proteinase activities, actin-binding, and protein-lipid complex binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. A set of overlapping genes between IBD and methamphetamine-treated intestinal tissues was discovered. Conclusions The present study is the first to analyze intestinal samples from methamphetamine-treated mice using high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed key molecules that might be involved in the pathogenesis of a special type of methamphetamine-induced IBD. These results offer new insights into the relationship between methamphetamine abuse and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zherui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Li Y, Cui X, Shiloach J, Wang J, Suffredini DA, Xu W, Liu W, Fitz Y, Sun J, Eichacker PQ. Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:67. [PMID: 33206255 PMCID: PMC7674536 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lethal B. anthracis infection produces high proinflammatory peptidoglycan (PGN) burdens in hosts. We investigated whether the lethality and inflammation anthrax PGN can produce are related. Methods At 6 h before and the start of 24 h anthrax PGN infusions, rats (n = 198) were treated with diluent (controls) or one of three IV-doses of either hydrocortisone (125, 12.5 or 1.25 mg/kg) or TNF-soluble receptor (TNFsr; 2000, 1000 or 333 μg/kg), non-selective and selective anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. Results Compared to controls, hydrocortisone 125 and 12.5 mg/kg each decreased 7-day lethality (p ≤ 0.004). Hydrocortisone 125 mg/kg decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, MCP, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES and nitric oxide (NO) blood levels at 4 and 24 h after starting PGN (except MCP at 24 h). Each decrease was significant at 4 h (except MIP-1α that was significant at 24 h) (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, hydrocortisone 12.5 mg/kg decreased each measure at 4, 24 and 48 h (except TNFα at 24 h and MIP-1α at 24 and 48 h and NO at 48 h). Decreases were significant for IL-6 and NO at 4 h and RANTES at 48 h (p ≤ 0.05). Hydrocortisone 1.25 mg/kg had non-significant effects. Each TNFsr dose decreased lethality but non-significantly. However, when doses were analyzed together, TNFsr decreased lethality in a potential trend (p = 0.16) and IL-6 and NO significantly at 4 h (p = 0.05). Conclusions Peptidoglycan-stimulated host inflammation may contribute to B. anthracis lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xizhong Cui
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dante A Suffredini
- Section of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21229, USA
| | - Wanying Xu
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wancang Liu
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yvonne Fitz
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Q Eichacker
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C145, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Novel Functions of the Septin Cytoskeleton: Shaping Up Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:40-51. [PMID: 33039354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases cause profound alterations in tissue homeostasis, including unchecked activation of immune and nonimmune cells leading to disease complications such as aberrant tissue repair and fibrosis. Current anti-inflammatory therapies are often insufficient in preventing or reversing these complications. Remodeling of the intracellular cytoskeleton is critical for cell activation in inflamed and fibrotic tissues; however, the cytoskeleton has not been adequately explored as a therapeutic target in inflammation. Septins are GTP-binding proteins that self-assemble into higher order cytoskeletal structures. The septin cytoskeleton exhibits a number of critical cellular functions, including regulation of cell shape and polarity, cytokinesis, cell migration, vesicle trafficking, and receptor signaling. Surprisingly, little is known about the role of the septin cytoskeleton in inflammation. This article reviews emerging evidence implicating different septins in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions, immune cell functions, and tissue fibrosis. Targeting of the septin cytoskeleton as a potential future therapeutic intervention in human inflammatory and fibrotic diseases is also discussed.
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Extracellular vesicle long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs: Biology, functions and applications in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Epac1 Is Crucial for Maintenance of Endothelial Barrier Function through A Mechanism Partly Independent of Rac1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102170. [PMID: 32992982 PMCID: PMC7601253 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epac1 (exchange protein activated by cAMP) stabilizes the endothelial barrier, but detailed studies are limited by the side effects of pharmacological Epac1 modulators and transient transfections. Here, we compare the key properties of barriers between endothelial cells derived from wild-type (WT) and Epac1-knockout (KO) mice myocardium. We found that KO cell layers, unlike WT layers, had low and cAMP-insensitive trans-endothelial resistance (TER). They also had fragmented VE-cadherin staining despite having augmented cAMP levels and increased protein expression of Rap1, Rac1, RhoA, and VE-cadherin. The simultaneous direct activation of Rac1 and RhoA by CN04 compensated Epac1 loss, since TER was increased. In KO-cells, inhibition of Rac1 activity had no additional effect on TER, suggesting that other mechanisms compensate the inhibition of the Rac1 function to preserve barrier properties. In summary, Epac1 is crucial for baseline and cAMP-mediated barrier stabilization through mechanisms that are at least partially independent of Rac1.
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Endothelial damage and a thin intercellular fibrin network promote haemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102992. [PMID: 32949998 PMCID: PMC7501057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of vascular endothelium in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which APL cells interact with endothelial cells (ECs) and to further explore how the endothelium affects bleeding as well as therapeutic interventions. Method APL cells and an original APL cell line, NB4 cells, were used for experiments. The effects of leukaemic cells on ECs were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the endothelial barrier function and procoagulant activity were detected. An APL mouse model was established for in vivo studies. Findings APL cells interacted with ECs via ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 receptors to disrupt endothelial integrity. This binding activated MLCK signaling, resulting in the trans-endothelial passage of protein and red blood cells (RBCs). Combined treatment with asiatic acid or anti-adhesion receptor antibody inhibited the response of ECs to APL cells, thereby preventing APL-associated haemorrhage in vitro and in vivo. Activated ECs exhibited a procoagulant phenotype after phosphatidylserine exposure. Plasma from APL patients formed a thin fibrin network between procoagulant ECs, and this intercellular fibrin decreased the passage of albumin and RBCs. Ex vivo addition of fibrinogen further enhanced this barrier function in a dose-dependent manner. Interpretation Endothelial damage induced by leukaemic cell adherence promotes haemorrhaging in APL. Stabilization of ECs, decreasing adhesion receptor expression, and increasing fibrinogen transfusion levels may be a new therapeutic avenue to alleviate this fatal bleeding complication. Funding National Science Foundation of China (81670128, 81873433).
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Angé M, Castanares-Zapatero D, De Poortere J, Dufeys C, Courtoy GE, Bouzin C, Quarck R, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S. α1AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Disruption via Junctional Reinforcement and Activation of the p38 MAPK/HSP27 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155581. [PMID: 32759774 PMCID: PMC7432762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is a determinant factor in the pathophysiology of sepsis. While, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to play a role in maintaining endothelial barrier function in this condition. Therefore, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this protective effect. α1AMPK expression and/or activity was modulated in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells using either α1AMPK-targeting small interfering RNA or the direct pharmacological AMPK activator 991, prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression and/or phosphorylation of proteins that compose cellular junctions (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad), connexin 43 (Cx43)) or that regulate actin cytoskeleton (p38 MAPK; heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)). Functional endothelial permeability was assessed by in vitro Transwell assays, and quantification of cellular junctions in the plasma membrane was assessed by immunofluorescence. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling was evaluated through actin fluorescent staining. We consequently demonstrate that α1AMPK deficiency is associated with reduced expression of CX43, ZO-1, and VE-Cad, and that the drastic loss of CX43 is likely responsible for the subsequent decreased expression and localization of ZO-1 and VE-Cad in the plasma membrane. Moreover, α1AMPK activation by 991 protects against LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption by reinforcing cortical actin cytoskeleton. This is due to a mechanism that involves the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27, which is nonetheless independent of the small GTPase Rac1. This results in a drastic decrease of LPS-induced hyperpermeability. We conclude that α1AMPK activators that are suitable for clinical use may provide a specific therapeutic intervention that limits sepsis-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Angé
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Diego Castanares-Zapatero
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Poortere
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Guillaume E. Courtoy
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-55-66
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Wang L, Deng Z, Yuan R, Zhao Y, Yang M, Hu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhou F, Kang H. Protective effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on heat stroke induced intestinal injury. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3041-3050. [PMID: 32855671 PMCID: PMC7444330 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is considered to be a severe systemic inflammatory reaction disease that is caused by high fever. The mortality of HS is high worldwide due to the lack of effective treatments. Presently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to serve roles in inflammation and immune regulation. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MSCs against the HS-induced inflammatory response and organ dysfunction. A rat model of HS was induced by a high-temperature environment and treated with MSCs via tail veins. The levels of molecular markers of organ function, inflammatory factors and chemokines were examined at days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Histological staining was performed on the intestines of rats and control groups, and the Chiu's scores of the two groups were compared. The results revealed that MSCs injection significantly reduced the mortality and inhibited the circulatory inflammatory response. Additionally, main organ function, such as in the liver and kidney, were significantly improved following MSCs infusion in HS rats. Furthermore, MSCs treatment significantly improved edema, necrosis and villus exfoliation of intestinal mucosa, and reduced the inflammatory response of intestinal tissue. These results indicated that MSC infusion had therapeutic effects on HS of rats by regulating the circulatory and intestinal inflammatory response. Moreover, MSCs may be able to protect organ function and promote tissue repair in HS. The results of the current study indicated that MSCs may be used as a potential method to treat HS and the resulting organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Feihu Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Xu S, Pan X, Mao L, Pan H, Xu W, Hu Y, Yu X, Chen Z, Qian S, Ye Y, Huang Y, Pan J. Phospho-Tyr705 of STAT3 is a therapeutic target for sepsis through regulating inflammation and coagulation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:104. [PMID: 32641132 PMCID: PMC7341624 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is an infection-induced aggressive and life-threatening organ dysfunction with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection-associated inflammation and coagulation promote the progression of adverse outcomes in sepsis. Here, we report that phospho-Tyr705 of STAT3 (pY-STAT3), not total STAT3, contributes to systemic inflammation and coagulopathy in sepsis. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice were treated with BP-1-102, Napabucasin, or vehicle control respectively and then assessed for systemic inflammation, coagulation response, lung function and survival. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) and Raw264.7 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pY-STAT3. Cells were assessed for inflammatory and coagulant factor expression, cell function and signaling. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of pY-STAT3 expression by BP-1-102 reduced the proinflammatory factors, suppressed coagulation activation, attenuated lung injury, alleviated vascular leakage and improved the survival rate in septic mice. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pY-STAT3 diminished LPS-induced cytokine production in macrophages and protected pulmonary endothelial cells via the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the increase in procoagulant indicators induced by sepsis such as tissue factor (TF), the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D-Dimer were down-regulated by pY-STAT3 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a therapeutic role of pY-STAT3 in modulating the inflammatory response and defective coagulation during sepsis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Mao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Hao Pan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Xueshu Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Songzan Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Yincai Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
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Tang J, Kang Y, Huang L, Wu L, Peng Y. TIMP1 preserves the blood-brain barrier through interacting with CD63/integrin β 1 complex and regulating downstream FAK/RhoA signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:987-1003. [PMID: 32642407 PMCID: PMC7332810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and the associated microvascular hyperpermeability are hallmark features of several neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is no viable therapeutic strategy to rescue BBB function. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) has been considered to be beneficial for vascular integrity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of TIMP1 remain elusive. Here, we report that TIMP1 executes a protective role on neuroprotective function via ameliorating BBB disruption in mice with experimental TBI. In human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) exposed to hypoxia and inflammation injury, the recombinant TIMP1 (rTIMP1) treatment maintained integrity of junctional proteins and trans-endothelial tightness. Mechanistically, TIMP1 interacts with CD63/integrin β1 complex and activates downstream FAK signaling, leading to attenuation of RhoA activation and F-actin depolymerization for endothelial cells structure stabilization. Notably, these effects depend on CD63/integrin β1 complex, instead of the MMP-inhibitory function. Together, our results identified a novel MMP-independent function of TIMP1 in regulating endothelial barrier integrity. Therapeutic interventions targeting TIMP1 and its downstream signaling may be beneficial to protect BBB function following brain injury and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Longjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Role of resveratrol in protecting vasodilatation function in septic shock rats and its mechanism. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020; 87:1336-1345. [PMID: 31389921 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dysfunction is a major cause of sepsis-induced multiple-organ dysfunction. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound with extensive pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the role and mechanism of resveratrol in protecting vascular function following sepsis. METHODS The cecal ligation and puncture method was used to establish a septic shock rat model. Resveratrol (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously immediately and at 12 hours after cecal ligation and puncture, respectively. The effects of resveratrol on vasodilatation function, blood flow velocity, hemodynamics, and vital organ function and its relationship to Rac-1 and HIF-1α were observed. RESULTS Vascular relaxation reactivity and blood flow velocity were significantly decreased after septic shock, both were significantly improved by resveratrol 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and the effect of 10 mg/kg was greater. The relaxation reactivity of the superior mesenteric artery to acetylcholine (Ach) was increased by 43.2%. The blood flow velocity of mesenteric arterioles and venules was increased by 47.1% and 51%, respectively, after resveratrol (10 mg/kg) administration compared with the septic shock group. The hemodynamics and both liver and kidney blood flow were significantly decreased after septic shock, which were significantly improved them by resveratrol, which enhanced the vascular relaxation reactivity in septic shock rats. The 72-hour survival rate of septic shock rats in the resveratrol group (62.5%) was significantly higher than that in the septic shock group (6.3%). Resveratrol significantly upregulated the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and downregulated the expression of inducible NOS, Rac-1, and HIF-1α. Inhibitors of Rac-1 and HIF-1α significantly improved the expression of eNOS, and inhibition of eNOS (L-NAME, 5 mg/kg) antagonized the resveratrol-induced improvement in vascular relaxation reactivity and survival. CONCLUSION Resveratrol was beneficial for vasodilatation function in rats with septic shock, which is the major contribution to resveratrol improving hemodynamics and organ perfusion. The mechanism involved resveratrol upregulating the expression of eNOS by inhibiting Rac-1 and HIF-1α.
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Tseng TL, Chen MF, Hsu YH, Lee TJF. OroxylinA reverses lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion molecule expression and endothelial barrier disruption in the rat aorta. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 400:115070. [PMID: 32464219 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. We elucidated the mechanisms underlying the amelioration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular inflammation by oroxylin A (OroA) post-treatment in rats. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to induce systemic inflammation and intravenously (iv) administered OroA (15 mg/kg) 6 h after the LPS treatment. The assessments included biochemical changes in peripheral blood, vascular reactivity which was evaluated by blood-vessel myography, morphological/histological assessment of inflammation, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated interleukin-1-receptor-associated-kinase (IRAK)-4 activation, changes in adhesion molecule expression, and endothelial junctional stability in the aorta. LPS significantly enhanced the proinflammatory cytokine release, increased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, disrupted endothelial tight junction, reduced vascular endothelial barrier stability, and increased macrophage infiltration and accumulation in the aorta. All observed pathological changes and vascular inflammation were significantly reversed by the OroA post-treatment. Importantly, OroA suppressed the increased adhesion molecule expression and the endothelial barrier disruption by inhibiting LPS-activated IRAK-4-targeted inhibitory nuclear factor kappa B kinase (IKK) α/β complex phosphorylation, without directly affecting the interaction between LPS and TLR-4. Moreover, the iNOS activity induced by the LPS challenge was inhibited by the OroA pretreatment of the isolated aortic rings. These results suggest that OroA regulates the vascular tone by inhibiting vascular hyporeactivity caused by NO overproduction and reverses the endothelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation by inhibiting the IRAK-4-mediated IKKα/β phosphorylation. Overall, these findings suggest OroA administration as a potentially useful therapeutic approach for clinical interventions in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,; Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,; Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Tony J F Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,; Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Jakobiec FA, Eagle RC, Selig M, Ma L, Shields C. Clinical Implications of Goblet Cells in Dacryoadenosis and Normal Human Lacrimal Glands. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 213:267-282. [PMID: 32006483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate an enlarged dacryoadenotic lacrimal gland and normal lacrimal glands for the presence of goblet cells (mucocytes). DESIGN Retrospective clinicopathologic series. METHODS An enlarged lacrimal gland (dacryoadenosis) without obvious histopathologic alterations was extensively evaluated histochemically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally to detect the presence of goblet cells and to compare the findings with those in five normal lacrimal glands. RESULTS Granular, zymogen-rich pyramidal acinar cells in normal glands predominated over a previously not reported subpopulation of nongranular, pale-staining cells in both dacryoadenotic and normal lacrimal glands. These cells histochemically stained positively with mucicarmine and Alcian blue. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic evaluations established that there was a displacement or replacement of cytoplasmic gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 and CK 7-positive tonofilaments in the pale acinar cells by myriad mucus granules. The goblet cells constituted approximately 2% of the normal acinar cells and 5% of dacryoadenotic acinar cells. A depletion of myoepithelial cells and ectopic intra-acinar ductular cells were also observed in dacryoadenosis. CONCLUSION Dacryoadenosis is caused by an increase in the number of acini without individual acinar cell hyperplasia. A normal cytologic feature of the lacrimal gland is the presence of acinar goblet cells that had been long overlooked; they are increased in number in dacryoadenosis. Intra-acinar ductular cells and the scattered loss of myoepithelial cells are other abnormalities in dacryoadenosis. The presence of lacrimal gland goblet cells may have physiologic implications for the precorneal tear film and its derangements as well as for the histogenesis of mucus-producing carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ralph C Eagle
- Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Inflammatory Conditions Disrupt Constitutive Endothelial Cell Barrier Stabilization by Alleviating Autonomous Secretion of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040928. [PMID: 32290092 PMCID: PMC7226983 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier contributes significantly to sepsis mortality. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is one of the most effective EC barrier-stabilizing signaling molecules. Stabilization is mainly transduced via the S1P receptor type 1 (S1PR1). Here, we demonstrate that S1P was autonomously produced by ECs. S1P secretion was significantly higher in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) compared to the endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Constitutive barrier stability of HUVEC, but not EA.hy926, was significantly compromised by the S1PR1 antagonist W146 and by the anti-S1P antibody Sphingomab. HUVEC and EA.hy926 differed in the expression of the S1P-transporter Spns2, which allowed HUVEC, but not EA.hy926, to secrete S1P into the extracellular space. Spns2 deficient mice showed increased serum albumin leakage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung ECs isolated from Spns2 deficient mice revealed increased leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled dextran and decreased resistance in electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) measurements. Spns2 was down-regulated in HUVEC after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which contributed to destabilization of the EC barrier. Our work suggests a new mechanism for barrier integrity maintenance. Secretion of S1P by EC via Spns2 contributed to constitutive EC barrier maintenance, which was disrupted under inflammatory conditions via the down-regulation of the S1P-transporter Spns2.
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Navinés-Ferrer A, Martín M. Long-Tailed Unconventional Class I Myosins in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072555. [PMID: 32272642 PMCID: PMC7177449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton. On the basis of their motor properties and structural features, myosins perform a variety of essential roles in physiological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, cell adhesion, and migration. The long tailed unconventional class I myosins are characterized by having a conserved motor head domain, which binds actin and hydrolyzes ATP, followed by a short neck with an isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) motif, which binds calmodulin and is sensitive to calcium, and a tail that contains a pleckstrin homology domain (PH), a tail homology 1 domain (TH1), wherein these domains allow membrane binding, a tail homology 2 domain (TH2), an ATP-insensitive actin-binding site domain, and a single Src homology 3 domain (SH3) susceptible to binding proline rich regions in other proteins. Therefore, these motor proteins are able to bind actin, plasma membrane, and other molecules (adaptor, kinases, membrane proteins) that contribute to their function, ranging from increasing membrane tension to molecular trafficking and cellular adhesion. MYO1E and MYO1F function in host self-defense, with a better defined role in innate immunity in cell migration and phagocytosis. Impairments of their function have been identified in patients suffering pathologies ranging from tumoral processes to kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of specific features and functions of MYO1E and MYO1F in various tissues, as well as their involvement in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Navinés-Ferrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Martín
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- ARADyAL research network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4024541; Fax: +34-93-4035882
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Rafikova O, James J, Eccles CA, Kurdyukov S, Niihori M, Varghese MV, Rafikov R. Early progression of pulmonary hypertension in the monocrotaline model in males is associated with increased lung permeability. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32188512 PMCID: PMC7079376 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development in patients and pre-clinical models are poorly understood. PH has a well-established sex dimorphism in patients with increased frequency of PH in females, and more severe disease with poor survival prognosis in males. Previously, we found that heme signaling plays an essential role in the development phase of the Sugen/Hypoxia (SU/Hx) model. This study is focused on the elucidation of sex differences in mechanisms of PH development related to heme action at the early stage of the monocrotaline (MCT) PH model. Methods Rats received MCT injection (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and followed for 14 days to investigate early disease changes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at the end of the study; plasma, lung homogenates, and nuclear fractions were used for the evaluation of protein levels. Results Our data indicate that on day 14, rats did not show any significant increase in the Fulton index due to the early disease phase. However, the right ventricular systolic pressure was significantly increased in male rats, while female rats showed only a trend. Interestingly, only males demonstrated an increased lung-to-bodyweight ratio that indicated lung edema. Indeed, lung histology confirmed severe perivascular edema in males. Previously, we have reported that the increased perivascular edema in SU/Hx model correlated with intravascular hemolysis and activated heme signaling. Here, we found that elevated free hemoglobin levels and perivascular edema were increased, specifically in males showing more rapid progress of PH. A high level of heme carrier protein 1 (HCP-1), which is involved in heme uptake from the bloodstream into the cells, was also found elevated in the lungs of males. The upregulation of heme oxygenase in males indicated increased intracellular heme catabolism. Increased heme signaling resulted in the activation of heme-mediated barrier-disruptive mechanisms. Thus, hemolysis in males can be responsible for increased permeability of the lungs and early disease development. Conclusions Our study indicates the importance of barrier-disruptive mechanisms as an earlier event in the induction of pulmonary hypertension. Importantly, males are more susceptible to hemolysis and develop PH earlier than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joel James
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Cody A Eccles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sergey Kurdyukov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Maki Niihori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Intermittent rolling is a defect of the extravasation cascade caused by Myosin1e-deficiency in neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26752-26758. [PMID: 31811025 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902502116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extravasation is a migratory event in response to inflammation that depends on cytoskeletal dynamics regulated by myosins. Myosin-1e (Myo1e) is a long-tailed class-I myosin that has not yet been studied in the context of neutrophil-endothelial interactions and neutrophil extravasation. Intravital microscopy of TNFα-inflamed cremaster muscles in Myo1e-deficient mice revealed that Myo1e is required for efficient neutrophil extravasation. Specifically, Myo1e deficiency caused increased rolling velocity, decreased firm adhesion, aberrant crawling, and strongly reduced transmigration. Interestingly, we observed a striking discontinuous rolling behavior termed "intermittent rolling," during which Myo1e-deficient neutrophils showed alternating rolling and jumping movements. Surprisingly, chimeric mice revealed that these effects were due to Myo1e deficiency in leukocytes. Vascular permeability was not significantly altered in Myo1e KO mice. Myo1e-deficient neutrophils showed diminished arrest, spreading, uropod formation, and chemotaxis due to defective actin polymerization and integrin activation. In conclusion, Myo1e critically regulates adhesive interactions of neutrophils with the vascular endothelium and neutrophil extravasation. Myo1e may therefore be an interesting target in chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by excessive neutrophil recruitment.
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Spolitu S, Okamoto H, Dai W, Zadroga JA, Wittchen ES, Gromada J, Ozcan L. Hepatic Glucagon Signaling Regulates PCSK9 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Circ Res 2019; 124:38-51. [PMID: 30582457 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glucagon is a key hormone that regulates the adaptive metabolic responses to fasting. In addition to maintaining glucose homeostasis, glucagon participates in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism; however, the molecular pathways underlying this effect are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of hepatic Gcgr (glucagon receptor) signaling in plasma cholesterol regulation and identify its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that Gcgr signaling plays an essential role in LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) homeostasis through regulating the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) levels. Silencing of hepatic Gcgr or inhibition of glucagon action increased hepatic and plasma PCSK9 and resulted in lower LDLR (LDL receptor) protein and increased plasma LDL-C. Conversely, treatment of wild-type (WT) mice with glucagon lowered LDL-C levels, whereas this response was abrogated in Pcsk9-/- and Ldlr-/- mice. Our gain- and loss-of-function studies identified Epac2 (exchange protein activated by cAMP-2) and Rap1 (Ras-related protein-1) as the downstream mediators of glucagon's action on PCSK9 homeostasis. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that glucagon affected the half-life of PCSK9 protein without changing the level of its mRNA, indicating that Gcgr signaling regulates PCSK9 degradation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the molecular interplay between hepatic glucagon signaling and lipid metabolism and describe a new posttranscriptional mechanism of PCSK9 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Spolitu
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (S.S., W.D., J.A.Z., L.O.)
| | - Haruka Okamoto
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (H.O., J.G.)
| | - Wen Dai
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (S.S., W.D., J.A.Z., L.O.)
| | - John A Zadroga
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (S.S., W.D., J.A.Z., L.O.)
| | - Erika S Wittchen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (E.S.W.)
| | - Jesper Gromada
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (H.O., J.G.)
| | - Lale Ozcan
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (S.S., W.D., J.A.Z., L.O.)
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