1
|
Jiang Y, Zhou R, Liao F, Kong G, Zeng J, Wu Y, Li X, Wang B, Qi F, Chen S, Zhu Q, Gu L, Zheng C. Unraveling radiation-induced skeletal muscle damage: Insights from a 3D human skeletal muscle organoid model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024:119792. [PMID: 38936620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized in vitro tissue modeling, offering a unique opportunity to replicate physiological tissue organization and functionality. This study investigates the impact of radiation on skeletal muscle response using an innovative in vitro human 3D skeletal muscle organoids (hSMOs) model derived from hPSCs. METHODS The hSMOs model was established through a differentiation protocol faithfully recapitulating embryonic myogenesis and maturation via paraxial mesodermal differentiation of hPSCs. Key skeletal muscle characteristics were confirmed using immunofluorescent staining and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the hSMOs were exposed to a clinically relevant dose of 2 Gy of radiation, and their response was analyzed using immunofluorescent staining and RNA-seq. RESULTS The hSMO model faithfully recapitulated embryonic myogenesis and maturation, maintaining key skeletal muscle characteristics. Following exposure to 2 Gy of radiation, histopathological analysis revealed deficits in hSMOs expansion, differentiation, and repair response across various cell types at early (30 min) and intermediate (18 h) time points post-radiation. Immunofluorescent staining targeting γH2AX and 53BP1 demonstrated elevated levels of foci per cell, particularly in PAX7+ cells, during early and intermediate time points, with a distinct kinetic pattern showing a decrease at 72 h. RNA-seq data provided comprehensive insights into the DNA damage response within the hSMOs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight deficits in expansion, differentiation, and repair response in hSMOs following radiation exposure, enhancing our understanding of radiation effects on skeletal muscle and contributing to strategies for mitigating radiation-induced damage in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Runtao Zhou
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fawei Liao
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ganggang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingguang Zeng
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yixun Wu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangze Qi
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qintang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Socol Y. If You Torture Your Data Long Enough, It Will Confess to Anything: On the Epidemiological Basis of the LNT Model. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:424-425. [PMID: 38568175 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This note deals with epidemiological data interpretation supporting the linear no-threshold model, as opposed to emerging evidence of adaptive response and hormesis from molecular biology in vitro and animal models. Particularly, the US-Japan Radiation Effects Research Foundation's lifespan study of atomic bomb survivors is scrutinized. We stress the years-long lag of the data processing after data gathering and evolving statistical models and methodologies across publications. The necessity of cautious interpretation of radiation epidemiology results is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehoshua Socol
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jerusalem College of Technology, Havaad haleumi 21, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Talapko J, Talapko D, Katalinić D, Kotris I, Erić I, Belić D, Vasilj Mihaljević M, Vasilj A, Erić S, Flam J, Bekić S, Matić S, Škrlec I. Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Human Body. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:653. [PMID: 38674299 PMCID: PMC11052428 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct "capture" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivan Kotris
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivan Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mila Vasilj Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ana Vasilj
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Matić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pisoschi AM, Iordache F, Stanca L, Cimpeanu C, Furnaris F, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Comprehensive and critical view on the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of natural phenolic antioxidants. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116075. [PMID: 38150963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The immune response encompasses innate and adaptive immunity, each with distinct and specific activities. The innate immune system is constituted by phagocytic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, the cascade system, and different classes of receptors such as toll-like receptors that are exploited by the innate immune cells. The adaptive immune system is antigen-specific, encompassing memory lymphocytes and the corresponding specific receptors. Inflammation is understood as an activation of different signaling pathways such as toll-like receptors or nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, with an increase in nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Increased oxidative stress has been identified as main source of chronic inflammation. Phenolic antioxidants modulate the activities of lymphocytes and macrophages by impacting cytokines and nitric oxide release, exerting anti-inflammatory effect. The nuclear-factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are targeted, alongside an increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor mediated antioxidant response, triggering the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The inhibitive potential on phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in the arachidonic acid pathway, and the subsequent reduction in prostaglandin and leukotriene generation, reveals the potential of phenolics as inflammation antagonists. The immunomodulative potential encompasses the capacity to interfere with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and with the expression of the corresponding genes. A diet rich in antioxidants can result in prevention of inflammation-related pathologies. More investigations are necessary to establish the role of these antioxidants in therapy. The appropriate delivery system and the prooxidant effects exhibited at large doses, or in the presence of heavy metal cations should be regarded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Furnaris
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thariat J, Little MP, Zablotska LB, Samson P, O’Banion MK, Leuraud K, Bergom C, Girault G, Azimzadeh O, Bouffler S, Hamada N. Radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases: benefits and long-term risks. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:505-526. [PMID: 38180039 PMCID: PMC11039429 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The discovery of X-rays was followed by a variety of attempts to treat infectious diseases and various other non-cancer diseases with ionizing radiation, in addition to cancer. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of such radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases. Non-cancer diseases for which use of radiotherapy has currently been proposed include refractory ventricular tachycardia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and dementia), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, all with ongoing clinical studies that deliver radiation doses of 0.5-25 Gy in a single fraction or in multiple daily fractions. In addition to such non-cancer effects, historical indications predominantly used in some countries (e.g. Germany) include osteoarthritis and degenerative diseases of the bones and joints. This narrative review gives an overview of the biological rationale and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies for radiotherapy proposed for various non-cancer diseases, discusses the plausibility of the proposed biological rationale, and considers the long-term radiation risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases. CONCLUSIONS A growing body of evidence has suggested that radiation represents a double-edged sword, not only for cancer, but also for non-cancer diseases. At present, clinical evidence has shown some beneficial effects of radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia, but there is little or no such evidence of radiotherapy for other newly proposed non-cancer diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19 pneumonia). Patients with ventricular tachycardia and COVID-19 pneumonia have thus far been treated with radiotherapy when they are an urgent life threat with no efficient alternative treatment, but some survivors may encounter a paradoxical situation where patients were rescued by radiotherapy but then get harmed by radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to justify the clinical use of radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases, and optimize dose to diseased tissue while minimizing dose to healthy tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire IN2P3, ENSICAEN/CNRS UMR 6534, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela Samson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Klervi Leuraud
- Research Department on Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gilles Girault
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Medical Library, Caen, France
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Radiation Protection Sciences Division, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fahmy HA, Mohamed MA, Mekkawy MH, Taha EFS. Role of TLR4 signaling pathway in the mitigation of damaged lung by low-dose gamma irradiation. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1188-1199. [PMID: 37732723 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Organisms frequently suffer negative effects from large doses of ionizing radiation. However, radiation is not as hazardous at lower doses as was once believed. The current study aims to evaluate the possible radio-adaptive effect induced by low-dose radiation (LDR) in modulating high-dose radiation (HDR) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced lung injury in male albino rats. Sixty-four male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control): normal rats; Group 2 (D): rats given NDEA in drinking water; Group 3 (DR): rats administered with NDEA then exposed to fractionated HDR; and Group 4 (DRL): rats administered with NDEA then exposed to LDR + HDR. In the next stage, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the lung tissues were measured. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunoassay analysis technique was performed to assess the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) expression levels. Histopathological and DNA fragmentation analyses in lung tissue, in addition to hematological and apoptosis analyses of the blood samples, were also conducted. Results demonstrated a significant increase in antioxidant defense and a reduction in MDA levels were observed in LDR-treated animals compared to the D and DR groups. Additionally, exposure to LDR decreased TLR4, IRAK4, and MAPK levels, decreased apoptosis, and restored all the alterations in the histopathological, hematological parameters, and DNA fragmentation, indicating its protective effects on the lung when compared with untreated rats. Taken together, LDR shows protective action against the negative effects of subsequent HDR and NDEA. This impact may be attributable to the adaptive response induced by LDR, which decreases DNA damage in lung tissue and activates the antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory systems in the affected animals, enabling them to withstand the following HDR exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Fahmy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai H Mekkawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F S Taha
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mentana A, Orsière T, Malard V, Lamartiniere Y, Grisolia C, Tassistro V, Iaria O, Guardamagna I, Lonati L, Baiocco G. Gaining insight into genotoxicity with the comet assay in inhomogenoeous exposure scenarios: The effects of tritiated steel and cement particles on human lung cells in an inhalation perspective. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105656. [PMID: 37532108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay was recently applied for the first time to test the genotoxicity of micrometric stainless steel and cement particles, representative of those produced in the dismantling of nuclear power plants. A large dataset was obtained from in vitro exposure of BEAS-2B lung cells to different concentrations of hydrogenated (non-radiative control) and tritiated particles, to assess the impact of accidental inhalation. Starting from the distributions of the number of nuclei scored at different extent of DNA damage (% tail DNA values), we propose a new comet data treatment designed to consider the inhomogeneity of the action of such particles. Indeed, due to particle behavior in biological media and concentration, a large fraction of cells remains undamaged, and standard averaging of genotoxicity indicators leads to a misinterpretation of experimental results. The analysis we propose reaches the following goals: genotoxicity in human lung cells is assessed for stainless steel and cement microparticles; the role of radiative damage due to tritium is disentangled from particulate stress; the fraction of damaged cells and their average level of DNA damage are assessed separately, which is essential for carcinogenesis implications and sets the basis for a better-informed risk management for human exposure to radioactive particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mentana
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Thierry Orsière
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Malard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, IPM, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Tassistro
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Ombretta Iaria
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Isabella Guardamagna
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lonati
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Averbeck D. Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11460. [PMID: 37511215 PMCID: PMC10380638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is inducing NTE involving intracellular and extracellular signaling, which may lead to short-ranging bystander effects and distant long-ranging extracellular signaling abscopal effects. Internal and "spontaneous" cellular stress is mostly due to metabolic oxidative stress involving mitochondrial energy production (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and/or anaerobic pathways accompanied by the leakage of O2- and other radicals from mitochondria during normal or increased cellular energy requirements or to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among external stressors, ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to very rapidly perturb mitochondrial functions, leading to increased energy supply demands and to ROS/NOS production. Depending on the dose, this affects all types of cell constituents, including DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, and membranes, perturbing normal inner cell organization and function, and forcing cells to reorganize the intracellular metabolism and the network of organelles. The reorganization implies intracellular cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of important proteins, activation of autophagy, and mitophagy, as well as induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. It also includes reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism as well as genetic and epigenetic control of the expression of genes and proteins in order to ensure cell and tissue survival. At low doses of IR, directly irradiated cells may already exert non-targeted effects (NTE) involving the release of molecular mediators, such as radicals, cytokines, DNA fragments, small RNAs, and proteins (sometimes in the form of extracellular vehicles or exosomes), which can induce damage of unirradiated neighboring bystander or distant (abscopal) cells as well as immune responses. Such non-targeted effects (NTE) are contributing to low-dose phenomena, such as hormesis, adaptive responses, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability, and they are also promoting suppression and/or activation of immune cells. All of these are parts of the main defense systems of cells and tissues, including IR-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. The present review is focused on the prominent role of mitochondria in these processes, which are determinants of cell survival and anti-tumor RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laurier D, Billarand Y, Klokov D, Leuraud K. The scientific basis for the use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model at low doses and dose rates in radiological protection. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2023; 43:024003. [PMID: 37339605 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/acdfd7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model was introduced into the radiological protection system about 60 years ago, but this model and its use in radiation protection are still debated today. This article presents an overview of results on effects of exposure to low linear-energy-transfer radiation in radiobiology and epidemiology accumulated over the last decade and discusses their impact on the use of the LNT model in the assessment of radiation-related cancer risks at low doses. The knowledge acquired over the past 10 years, both in radiobiology and epidemiology, has reinforced scientific knowledge about cancer risks at low doses. In radiobiology, although certain mechanisms do not support linearity, the early stages of carcinogenesis comprised of mutational events, which are assumed to play a key role in carcinogenesis, show linear responses to doses from as low as 10 mGy. The impact of non-mutational mechanisms on the risk of radiation-related cancer at low doses is currently difficult to assess. In epidemiology, the results show excess cancer risks at dose levels of 100 mGy or less. While some recent results indicate non-linear dose relationships for some cancers, overall, the LNT model does not substantially overestimate the risks at low doses. Recent results, in radiobiology or in epidemiology, suggest that a dose threshold, if any, could not be greater than a few tens of mGy. The scientific knowledge currently available does not contradict the use of the LNT model for the assessment of radiation-related cancer risks within the radiological protection system, and no other dose-risk relationship seems more appropriate for radiological protection purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Billarand
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Klervi Leuraud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mousavikia SN, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Khademi S, Soukhtanloo M, Azimian H. Evaluation of micronuclei and antioxidant status in hospital radiation workers occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37226157 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is scientific evidence that ionizing radiation (IR) can be responsible for various health hazards that are one of the concerns in occupational exposure. This study was performed to evaluate DNA damage and antioxidant status in hospital workers who are occupationally exposed to low doses of IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, twenty occupationally exposed to low doses of IR (CT and angiography) comprising with control groups which matched them. In order to investigate the effects of chronic irradiation of radiation workers, Micronuclei (MN) frequency and the antioxidant activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured. Then, to check adaptation against high challenge dose, the samples (in all groups) were irradiated in vitro and MN frequency was compared. Finally, to investigated the effect of the high dose after the acute and chronic low dose of ionizing radiation, MN frequency was compared in two groups (the control group that was to in-vitro irradiated (acute low dose + high dose) and radiation workers (chronic low dose + high dose)). RESULTS MN frequency in the occupationally exposed group (n = 30) increased significantly when compared to the control group (p-value < 0.0001). However, chronic irradiation of radiation workers could not lead to an adaptive Sresponse, while acute low-doses could produce this effect (p-value ˂ 0.05). In addition, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and TAC were not statistically different between the radiation workers and the control group (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed that exposure to low doses of IR leads to increased cytogenetic damage, could not cause an adaptive-response, and improve antioxidant capacity in radiation workers. Controlling healthcare workers' exposure is the first step to improving the health of hospital workers and the quality of patient care, thus decreasing human and economic costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abbasi F, Shawrang P, Motamedi-Sedeh F, Sadeghi M. Effect of gamma-irradiated honey bee venom on gene expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110084. [PMID: 36996740 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of gamma-irradiated honey bee venom (doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kGy, volume of 0.1 ml and concentration of 0.2 mg/ml) was evaluated on the reduction of allergen compounds and the gene expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice. Hence, edema activity induced by the bee venom irradiated at 4, 6, and 8 kGy was reduced, compared with the control group and that irradiated at 2 kGy. In contrast, the paw edema induced by the bee venom irradiated at 8 kGy increased, compared with 4 and 6 kGy. At all the time periods, there was a significant decrease in the gene expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the bee venoms irradiated at 4, 6, and 8 kGy, compared with the control group and that irradiated at 2 kGy. In contrast, there was an increase in the gene expression of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the bee venom irradiated at 8 kGy, compared with those irradiated at 4 and 6 kGy. Therefore, gamma irradiation at 4 and 6 kGy reduced the gene expression of cytokines at each time period by decreasing the allergen compounds of honey bee venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Parvin Shawrang
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farahnaz Motamedi-Sedeh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sadeghi
- University of Tehran, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kino K. The Radiation-Specific Components Generated in the Second Step of Sequential Reactions Have a Mountain-Shaped Function. TOXICS 2023; 11:301. [PMID: 37112531 PMCID: PMC10143257 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model for radiation hormesis below 100 mSv has previously been reported, but the origins of the formula used in the previous report were not provided. In the present paper, we first considered a sequential reaction model with identical rate constants. We showed that the function of components produced in the second step of this model agreed well with the previously reported function. Furthermore, in a general sequential reaction model with different rate constants, it was mathematically proved that the function representing the component produced in the second step is always mountain-shaped: the graph has a peak with one inflection point on either side, and such a component may induce radiation hormesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Kino
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki-shi 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cox LA, Bogen KT, Conolly R, Graham U, Moolgavkar S, Oberdörster G, Roggli VL, Turci F, Mossman B. Mechanisms and shapes of causal exposure-response functions for asbestos in mesotheliomas and lung cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 230:115607. [PMID: 36965793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes recent insights into causal biological mechanisms underlying the carcinogenicity of asbestos. It addresses their implications for the shapes of exposure-response curves and considers recent epidemiologic trends in malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) and lung fiber burden studies. Since the commercial amphiboles crocidolite and amosite pose the highest risk of MMs and contain high levels of iron, endogenous and exogenous pathways of iron injury and repair are discussed. Some practical implications of recent developments are that: (1) Asbestos-cancer exposure-response relationships should be expected to have non-zero background rates; (2) Evidence from inflammation biology and other sources suggests that there are exposure concentration thresholds below which exposures do not increase inflammasome-mediated inflammation or resulting inflammation-mediated cancer risks above background risk rates; and (3) The size of the suggested exposure concentration threshold depends on both the detailed time patterns of exposure on a time scale of hours to days and also on the composition of asbestos fibers in terms of their physiochemical properties. These conclusions are supported by complementary strands of evidence including biomathematical modeling, cell biology and biochemistry of asbestos-cell interactions in vitro and in vivo, lung fiber burden analyses and epidemiology showing trends in human exposures and MM rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Turci
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry and "G. Scansetti" Center, Italy
| | - Brooke Mossman
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Georgieva M, Vassileva V. Stress Management in Plants: Examining Provisional and Unique Dose-Dependent Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065105. [PMID: 36982199 PMCID: PMC10049000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the effects of different stress factors on higher plants, with particular attention given to the typical and unique dose-dependent responses that are essential for plant growth and development. Specifically, this review highlights the impact of stress on genome instability, including DNA damage and the molecular, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms that generate these effects. We provide an overview of the current understanding of predictable and unique dose-dependent trends in plant survival when exposed to low or high doses of stress. Understanding both the negative and positive impacts of stress responses, including genome instability, can provide insights into how plants react to different levels of stress, yielding more accurate predictions of their behavior in the natural environment. Applying the acquired knowledge can lead to improved crop productivity and potential development of more resilient plant varieties, ensuring a sustainable food source for the rapidly growing global population.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu L, Liang Z, Ma S, Li L, Liu X. Radioprotective countermeasures for radiation injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:66. [PMID: 36799170 PMCID: PMC9926870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of physiological and pathological changes occur after radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). These changes cause serious damage to human tissues and can lead to death. Radioprotective countermeasures are radioprotective agents that prevent and reduce IR injury or have therapeutic effects. Based on a good understanding of radiobiology, a number of protective agents have achieved positive results in early clinical trials. The present review grouped known radioprotective agents according to biochemical categories and potential clinical use, and reviewed radiation countermeasures, i.e., radioprotectors, radiation mitigators and radiotherapeutic agents, with an emphasis on their current status and research progress. The aim of the present review is to facilitate the selection and application of suitable radioprotectors for clinicians and researchers, to prevent or reduce IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianchang Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Lan Li, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 1 North Zhongxin Road, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Professor Xiaodong Liu, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Little MP, Zhang W, van Dusen R, Hamada N, Bugden M, Cao M, Thomas K, Li D, Wang Y, Chandrashekhar M, Khan MK, Coleman CN. Low-dose radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia and cancer: summary of a recent symposium and future perspectives. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:357-371. [PMID: 35511152 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2074165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The lessons learned from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are numerous. Low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) was used in the pre-antibiotic era as treatment for bacterially/virally associated pneumonia. Motivated in part by these historic clinical and radiobiological data, LDRT for treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia was proposed in early 2020. Although there is a large body of epidemiological and experimental data pointing to effects such as cancer at low doses, there is some evidence of beneficial health effects at low doses. It has been hypothesized that low dose radiation could be combined with immune checkpoint therapy to treat cancer. We shall review here some of these old radiobiological and epidemiological data, as well as the newer data on low dose radiation and stimulated immune response and other relevant emerging data. The paper includes a summary of several oral presentations given in a Symposium on "Low dose RT for COVID and other inflammatory diseases" as part of the 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, held virtually 3-6 October 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Radiation Effects Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Chilton, UK
| | - Roy van Dusen
- Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Japan
| | - Michelle Bugden
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Meiyun Cao
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Kiersten Thomas
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Deyang Li
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Megha Chandrashekhar
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Toledo Arruda-Neto JD, Righi H, Cabrera Gomez JG, Ferreira da Silva L, Drigo E, da Costa Lemos AC. Radioresistance and radiosensitivity: a biophysical approach on bacterial cells robustness. Theory Biosci 2023; 142:13-28. [PMID: 36460936 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study of radiosensitivity and radioresistance of organisms exposed to ionizing radiation has acquired additional relevance since a new bio-concept, coined as The primacy of Proteome over Genome, was proposed and demonstrated elsewhere a few years ago. According to that finding, genome integrity would require an actively functioning Proteome. However, when exposure to radiation takes place, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from water radiolysis induce protein carbonylation (PC), an irreversible oxidative Proteome damage. The bio-models used in that study were the radiosensitive Escherichia coli and the extraordinarily robust Deinococcus radiodurans. The production of ROS induces protective reactions rendering them non-reactive forms. Protective entities present in the cytosol, moieties smaller than 3 kDa, shield the Proteome against ROS, yielding protection against carbonylation. Shown in the present study is the fact that the fate of proteins functionality is determined by the magnitude of the Protein Carbonylation Yield (YPC), a quantity here analytically defined using published YPC numerical results. Analytical YPC expressions for E. coli and D. radiodurans were the input for a phenomenological approach, where the radiobiological magnitudes PP and PN, the probabilities for production of protein damage and ROS neutralization, respectively, were also analytically deduced. These highly relevant magnitudes, associated with key radiosensitivity and radioresistance issues, are addressed and discussed in this study. Among the plethora of information and conclusions derived from the present study, those endowed with higher conceptual degree, vis-à-vis the "Primacy of Proteome over Genome" concept, are as follows: (1) the ROS neutralization process in D. radiodurans reaches a maximum at a dose interval corresponding to the repairing shoulder. Therefore, it is a signature of the higher efficiency of the PC neutralization process. (2) ROS neutralization in D. radiodurans is nearly one order of magnitude higher than in E. coli, thus accounting for its extraordinary radioresistance. (3) Both physical (ROS-induced carbonyl radicals) and biological (protein modifications) processes are imbedded in the Protein Carbonylation Yield. The amalgamation of these two processes was accomplished by means of a statistical formalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henriette Righi
- Physics Institute-University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meroni A, Grosser J, Agashe S, Ramakrishnan N, Jackson J, Verma P, Baranello L, Vindigni A. NEDDylated Cullin 3 mediates the adaptive response to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0648. [PMID: 36490343 PMCID: PMC9733930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP11) inhibitors are mainstays of anticancer therapy. These drugs trap TOP1 on DNA, stabilizing the TOP1-cleavage complex (TOP1-cc). The accumulation of TOP1-ccs perturbs DNA replication fork progression, leading to DNA breaks and cell death. By analyzing the genomic occupancy and activity of TOP1, we show that cells adapt to treatment with multiple doses of TOP1 inhibitor by promoting the degradation of TOP1-ccs, allowing cells to better tolerate subsequent doses of TOP1 inhibitor. The E3-RING Cullin 3 ligase in complex with the BTBD1 and BTBD2 adaptor proteins promotes TOP1-cc ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. NEDDylation of Cullin 3 activates this pathway, and inhibition of protein NEDDylation or depletion of Cullin 3 sensitizes cancer cells to TOP1 inhibitors. Collectively, our data uncover a previously unidentified NEDD8-Cullin 3 pathway involved in the adaptive response to TOP1 inhibitors, which can be targeted to improve the efficacy of TOP1 drugs in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Meroni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jan Grosser
- Karolinska Institutet, CMB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sumedha Agashe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fornalski KW, Adamowski Ł, Bugała E, Jarmakiewicz R, Kirejczyk M, Kopyciński J, Krasowska J, Kukulski P, Piotrowski Ł, Ponikowska J, Reszczyńska J, Słonecka I, Wysocki P, Dobrzyński L. Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221138506. [DOI: 10.1177/15593258221138506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review article describes our simplified biophysical model for the response of a group of cells to ionizing radiation. The model, which is a product of 10 years of studies, acts as (a) a comprehensive stochastic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation with a probability tree and (b) the thereof derived detailed deterministic models describing the selected biophysical and radiobiological phenomena in an analytical manner. Specifically, the presented model describes effects such as the risk of neoplastic transformation of cells relative to the absorbed radiation dose, the dynamics of tumor development, the priming dose effect (also called the Raper–Yonezawa effect) based on the introduced adaptive response approach, and the bystander effect. The model is also modifiable depending on users’ potential needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W. Fornalski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WF PW), Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Poland
| | | | - Ernest Bugała
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WF PW), Poland
| | | | | | - Jakub Kopyciński
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (CFT PAN), Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kukulski
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester (MACE UoM), United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia Ponikowska
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WF PW), Poland
| | - Joanna Reszczyńska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences (IMDiK PAN), Poland
| | - Iwona Słonecka
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WF PW), Poland
| | - Paweł Wysocki
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WF PW), Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arsenite toxicity is regulated by queuine availability and oxidation-induced reprogramming of the human tRNA epitranscriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123529119. [PMID: 36095201 PMCID: PMC9499598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123529119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to environmental stress by regulating gene expression at the level of both transcription and translation. The ∼50 modified ribonucleotides of the human epitranscriptome contribute to the latter, with mounting evidence that dynamic regulation of transfer RNA (tRNA) wobble modifications leads to selective translation of stress response proteins from codon-biased genes. Here we show that the response of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to arsenite exposure is regulated by the availability of queuine, a micronutrient and essential precursor to the wobble modification queuosine (Q) on tRNAs reading GUN codons. Among oxidizing and alkylating agents at equitoxic concentrations, arsenite exposure caused an oxidant-specific increase in Q that correlated with up-regulation of proteins from codon-biased genes involved in energy metabolism. Limiting queuine increased arsenite-induced cell death, altered translation, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition to demonstrating an epitranscriptomic facet of arsenite toxicity and response, our results highlight the links between environmental exposures, stress tolerance, RNA modifications, and micronutrients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Breast Cancer Treatment Decreases Serum Levels of TGF-β1, VEGFR2, and TIMP-2 Compared to Healthy Volunteers: Significance for Therapeutic Outcomes? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:537-554. [PMID: 36136069 PMCID: PMC9500649 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various complications from a breast cancer treatment, in the pathogenesis of which excessive tissue fibrosis plays a leading role, are a common pathology. In this study, the levels of TGF-β1, VEGFR-2, and TIMP-2 were determined by the immuno-enzyme serum analysis for patients during the long-term period after breast cancer treatment as potential markers of fibrosis. The single-center study enrolled 92 participants, which were divided into two age-matched groups: (1) 67 patients following breast cancer treatment, and (2) 25 healthy female volunteers. The intergroup analysis demonstrated that the patients after breast cancer treatment showed a decrease in the serum levels of TGF-β1 (U = 666, p < 0.001) and TIMP-2 (U = 637, p < 0.001) as compared to the group of healthy volunteers. The levels of VEGFR-2 in these groups were comparable (U = 1345, p = 0.082). It was also found that the type of treatment, the presence of lymphedema, shoulder joint contracture, and changes in lymphoscintigraphy did not affect the levels of TGF-β1, VEGFR-2, and TIMP-2 within the group of patients after breast cancer treatment. These results may indicate that these biomarkers do not play a leading role in the maintenance and progression of fibrosis in the long-term period after breast cancer treatment. The reduced levels of TGF-β1 and TIMP-2 may reflect endothelial dysfunction caused by the antitumor therapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Farhadi S, Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Zafari-Ghadim N, Khademi S, Sadat-Darbandi M, Azimian H. DNA double-strand break repair and adaptive responses of low-dose radiation in normal and tumor lung cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503528. [PMID: 36031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive response (AR), which can be induced by low-dose ionizing radiation (LD), may influence the therapeutic ratio of cancer treatment. We investigated the AR and the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in human lung tumor cells and normal cells. We measured viability and proliferation of normal lung cells (MRC-5) and lung cancer cells (QU-DB) using the MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometric analysis of γ-H2AX was used to measure DNA-DSBs induction, repair, and residual damages. AR was seen in the normal cells but not in the cancer cells. Our findings suggest that LD stimulates DSB repair and that this may contribute to distinctive AR in normal vs. cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Farhadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Navid Zafari-Ghadim
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sadat-Darbandi
- Department of Medical Physics, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sannino A, Scarfì MR, Dufossée M, Romeo S, Poeta L, Prouzet-Mauléon V, Priault M, Zeni O. Inhibition of Autophagy Negates Radiofrequency-Induced Adaptive Response in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158414. [PMID: 35955556 PMCID: PMC9369083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, radiofrequency (RF) has demonstrated that it can reduce DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with chemical or physical agents in different cell types, resembling the adaptive response, a phenomenon well documented in radiobiology. Such an effect has also been reported by other authors both in vitro and in vivo, and plausible hypotheses have been formulated, spanning from the perturbation of the cell redox status, to DNA repair mechanisms, and stress response machinery, as possible cellular mechanisms activated by RF pre-exposure. These mechanisms may underpin the observed phenomenon, and require deeper investigations. The present study aimed to determine whether autophagy contributes to RF-induced adaptive response. To this purpose, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed for 20 h to 1950 MHz, UMTS signal, and then treated with menadione. The results obtained indicated a reduction in menadione-induced DNA damage, assessed by applying the comet assay. Such a reduction was negated when autophagy was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and E64d. Moreover, CRISPR SH-SY5Y cell lines defective for ATG7 or ATG5 genes did not show an adaptive response. These findings suggest the involvement of autophagy in the RF-induced adaptive response in human neuroblastoma cells; although, further investigation is required to extend such observation at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7620659
| | - Mélody Dufossée
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Romeo
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Loredana Poeta
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Valerie Prouzet-Mauléon
- Plateformecrisp’edit—TBMCore, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- INSERM, US005, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, UAR3427, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Role of p53 in Regulating Radiation Responses. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071099. [PMID: 35888186 PMCID: PMC9319710 DOI: 10.3390/life12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p53 is known as the guardian of the genome and plays various roles in DNA damage and cancer suppression. The p53 gene was found to express multiple p53 splice variants (isoforms) in a physiological, tissue-dependent manner. The various genes that up- and down-regulated p53 are involved in cell viability, senescence, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 affects the radioadaptive response. Given that several studies have already been published on p53, this review presents its role in the response to gamma irradiation by interacting with MDM2, NF-κB, and miRNA, as well as in the inflammation processes, senescence, carcinogenesis, and radiation adaptive responses. Finally, the potential of p53 as a biomarker is discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Akh LA, Ishak MO, Harris JF, Glaros TG, Sasiene ZJ, Mach PM, Lilley LM, McBride EM. -Omics potential of in vitro skin models for radiation exposure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:390. [PMID: 35776214 PMCID: PMC11073334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need to uncover biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure that leads to a better understanding of how exposures take place, including dose type, rate, and time since exposure. As one of the first organs to be exposed to external sources of ionizing radiation, skin is uniquely positioned in terms of model systems for radiation exposure study. The simultaneous evolution of both MS-based -omics studies, as well as in vitro 3D skin models, has created the ability to develop a far more holistic understanding of how ionizing radiation affects the many interconnected biomolecular processes that occur in human skin. However, there are a limited number of studies describing the biomolecular consequences of low-dose ionizing radiation to the skin. This review will seek to explore the current state-of-the-art technology in terms of in vitro 3D skin models, as well as track the trajectory of MS-based -omics techniques and their application to ionizing radiation research, specifically, the search for biomarkers within the low-dose range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla A Akh
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Mohammad O Ishak
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jennifer F Harris
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Trevor G Glaros
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Zachary J Sasiene
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ethan M McBride
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Machine Learning of Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated with Definitive Radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2643376. [PMID: 35747125 PMCID: PMC9213181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2643376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the effects of dosimetric parameters and clinical characteristics on overall survival (OS) by machine learning algorithms. Methods and Materials 128 patients with cervical cancer were treated with definitive pelvic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy followed by image-guided brachytherapy. The elastic-net models with integrating DVH parameters and baseline clinical factors, only DVH parameters and only baseline clinical factors were constructed in 5-folds cross-validations for 100 iteration bootstrapping, and then were compared using concordance index (C-index) criteria. Finally, the selected important factors were used to build multivariable Cox-pH models for OS and also shown in nomograms for clinical usage. Results The median OS occurred was 25.78 months with 25 (19.53%) deaths. The elastic-net models integrating clinical and DVH factors had the best prediction performances (C-index 0.76 in the train set and C-index 0.74 in the test set). Three important factors were selected, including baseline hemoglobin level as the protective factor, primary tumor volume (GTV_P) volume, and body V5 as the risk factors. The final multivariable Cox-pH models were constructed using these important factors and had prediction performance (C-index: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.73–0.81). Conclusions This is the first attempt to establish elastic-net models to study the contributions of DVH parameters for predicting OS in patients with cervical cancer. These results can facilitate individualized tailoring of radiation treatment in cervical cancer patients.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghosh A. Biological and cellular responses of humans to high-level natural radiation: A clarion call for a fresh perspective on the linear no-threshold paradigm. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503478. [PMID: 35649671 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There remains considerable uncertainty in obtaining risk estimates of adverse health outcomes of chronic low-dose radiation. In the absence of reliable direct data, extrapolation through the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis forms the cardinal tenet of all risk assessments for low doses (≤ 100 mGy) and for the radiation protection principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). However, as recent evidences demonstrate, LNT assumptions do not appropriately reflect the biology of the cell at the low-dose end of the dose-response curve. In this regard, human populations living in high-level natural radiation areas (HLNRA) of the world can provide valuable insights into the biological and cellular effects of chronic radiation to facilitate improved precision of the dose-response relationship at low doses. Here, data obtained over decades of epidemiological and radiobiological studies on HLNRA populations is summarized. These studies do not show any evidence of unfavourable health effects or adverse cellular effects that can be correlated with high-level natural radiation. Contrary to the assumptions of LNT, no excess cancer risks or untoward pregnancy outcomes have been found to be associated with cumulative radiation dose or in-utero exposures. Molecular biology-driven studies demonstrate that chronic low-dose activates several cellular defence mechanisms that help cells to sense, recover, survive, and adapt to radiation stress. These mechanisms include stress-response signaling, DNA repair, immune alterations and most importantly, the radiation-induced adaptive response. The HLNRA data is consistent with the new evolving paradigms of low-dose radiobiology and can help develop the theoretical framework of an alternate dose-response model. A rational integration of radiobiology with epidemiology data is imperative to reduce uncertainties in predicting the potential health risks of chronic low doses of radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Ghosh
- Animal House Facility & Radiation Signaling Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fornalski KW, Adamowski Ł, Dobrzyński L, Jarmakiewicz R, Powojska A, Reszczyńska J. The radiation adaptive response and priming dose influence: the quantification of the Raper-Yonezawa effect and its three-parameter model for postradiation DNA lesions and mutations. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:221-239. [PMID: 35150289 PMCID: PMC9021059 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The priming dose effect, called also the Raper-Yonezawa effect or simply the Yonezawa effect, is a special case of the radiation adaptive response phenomenon (radioadaptation), which refers to: (a) faster repair of direct DNA lesions (damage), and (b) DNA mutation frequency reduction after irradiation, by applying a small priming (conditioning) dose prior to the high detrimental (challenging) one. This effect is observed in many (but not all) radiobiological experiments which present the reduction of lesion, mutation or even mortality frequency of the irradiated cells or species. Additionally, the multi-parameter model created by Dr. Yonezawa and collaborators tried to explain it theoretically based on experimental data on the mortality of mice with chronic internal irradiation. The presented paper proposes a new theoretical approach to understanding and explaining the priming dose effect: it starts from the radiation adaptive response theory and moves to the three-parameter model, separately for two previously mentioned situations: creation of fast (lesions) and delayed damage (mutations). The proposed biophysical model was applied to experimental data-lesions in human lymphocytes and chromosomal inversions in mice-and was shown to be able to predict the Yonezawa effect for future investigations. It was also found that the strongest radioadaptation is correlated with the weakest cellular radiosensitivity. Additional discussions were focussed on more general situations where many small priming doses are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W Fornalski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Adamowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Ludwik Dobrzyński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Rafał Jarmakiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Powojska
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszczyńska
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw (WUM), ul. T. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guéguen Y, Frerejacques M. Review of Knowledge of Uranium-Induced Kidney Toxicity for the Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway to Renal Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084397. [PMID: 35457214 PMCID: PMC9030063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual construct of causally and sequentially linked events, which occur during exposure to stressors, with an adverse outcome relevant to risk assessment. The development of an AOP is a means of identifying knowledge gaps in order to prioritize research assessing the health risks associated with exposure to physical or chemical stressors. In this paper, a review of knowledge was proposed, examining experimental and epidemiological data, in order to identify relevant key events and potential key event relationships in an AOP for renal impairment, relevant to stressors such as uranium (U). Other stressors may promote similar pathways, and this review is a necessary step to compare and combine knowledge reported for nephrotoxicants. U metal ions are filtered through the glomerular membrane of the kidneys, then concentrate in the cortical and juxtaglomerular areas, and bind to the brush border membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules. U uptake by epithelial cells occurs through endocytosis and the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIa). The identified key events start with the inhibition of the mitochondria electron transfer chain and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, due to cytochrome b5/cytochrome c disruption. In the nucleus, U directly interacts with negatively charged DNA phosphate, thereby inducing an adduct formation, and possibly DNA strand breaks or cross-links. U also compromises DNA repair by inhibiting zing finger proteins. Thereafter, U triggers the Nrf2, NF-κB, or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The resulting cellular key events include oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, the main adverse outcome is tubular damage of the S2 and S3 segments of the kidneys, leading to tubular cell death, and then kidney failure. The attribution of renal carcinogenesis due to U is controversial, and specific experimental or epidemiological studies must be conducted. A tentative construction of an AOP for uranium-induced kidney toxicity and failure was proposed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abdel-Aziz N, Haroun RAH, Mohamed HE. Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Modulates Liver and Testis Tissues Response to Acute Whole Body Irradiation. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221092365. [PMID: 35444513 PMCID: PMC9014718 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221092365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim This work aims to investigate whether the pre-exposure to low dose/low dose rate (40 mGy, 2.2 mGy/hour) γ-radiation as a priming dose can produce a protective effect against the subsequent high one (4 Gy, .425 Gy/minute). Methods Rats were divided into Group I (control), Group II (L); exposed to 40 mGy, Group III (H); exposed to 4 Gy, and Group IV (L+H); exposed to 40 mGy 24 hours before the exposure to 4Gy. The molecular and biochemical changes related to oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial activity in the liver and testis were studied 4 hours after irradiation. Results Exposure to 40 mGy before 4 Gy induced a significant increase in the levels of Nrf2, Nrf2 mRNA, TAC, and mitochondrial complexes I & II accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of LPO, 8-OHdG, DNA fragmentation, TNF-α, caspase-3, and caspase-3 mRNA compared with H group. Conclusion Exposure to low-dose γ-radiation before a high dose provides protective mechanisms that allow the body to survive better after exposure to a subsequent high one via reducing the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis-induced early after irradiation. However, further studies are required to identify the long-term effects of this low dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham A.-H. Haroun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah E. Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yushkova E. Radiobiological features in offspring of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster after Chernobyl accident. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:84-97. [PMID: 35275441 DOI: 10.1002/em.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In their natural habitats, populations of organisms are faced with different levels of chronic low-intensity radiation, causing a wide range of radiobiological effects (from radiosensitivity to radioadaptive response and hormesis). In this study, specimens of Drosophila melanogaster were selected from territories of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with different levels of radioactive contamination. The isogenic stocks derived from these specimens represent the genetic systems of current populations and make it possible to study radioresistance and its mechanisms in future generations under controlled laboratory conditions. Previous studies have shown that transgenerational radiation effects at the level of lethal mutations and survival rate are unstable and depend not only on the level of chronic low-intensity irradiation, but also on other factors. A single acute irradiation exposure of offspring whose parents inhabited a site with a higher level of chronic irradiation made it possible to reveal pronounced radioresistant features in the offspring. And the offspring whose parents were exposed to radiation levels close to the natural radiation background, on the contrary, acquired radiosensitive features. Their response to acute exposure includes a high-frequency of lethal mutations and a short lifespan. The differential response to different levels of chronic parental exposure is caused by differences in the activities of certain transposons that destabilize the genome. Our data contribute to the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms (via transposon activity) of the effect of parental radiation exposure on the health and adaptive potential of populations affected by the technogenically increased radiation background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yushkova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan MGM, Wang Y. Advances in the Current Understanding of How Low-Dose Radiation Affects the Cell Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030356. [PMID: 35159169 PMCID: PMC8834401 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to ionizing radiation undergo a series of complex responses, including DNA damage, reproductive cell death, and altered proliferation states, which are all linked to cell cycle dynamics. For many years, a great deal of research has been conducted on cell cycle checkpoints and their regulators in mammalian cells in response to high-dose exposures to ionizing radiation. However, it is unclear how low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) regulates the cell cycle progression. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that LDIR may have profound effects on cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how LDIR (of up to 200 mGy) regulates the cell cycle and cell-cycle-associated proteins in various cellular settings. In light of current findings, we also illustrate the conceptual function and possible dichotomous role of p21Waf1, a transcriptional target of p53, in response to LDIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulam Musawwir Khan
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ivanitskii GR, Zaichkina SI, Dyukina AR, Yusupov VI, Sorokina SS, Rozanova OM, Smirnova EN, Laryskin DP, Minaev NV, Potselueva MM. Low-Intensity Femtosecond Radiation Activates the Natural Defenses of Mice in vivo. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 501:424-428. [PMID: 34966965 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921060016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of induction of cytogenetic damage in the bone marrow, changes in the cellularity of lymphoid organs and blood composition in mice irradiated with low-intensity femtosecond laser radiation at a power flux density of 5.1, 10.4, and 52 mJ/cm2 (0.5 mW for 5, 10, and 50 s) in vivo was shown. Using the radiation adaptive response test (0.1 Gy + 1.5 Gy), it was found that, when mice were exposed to femtosecond laser radiation in high doses, the body's natural defenses were activated in the same narrow range of energy flux density (2-16 mJ/cm2) as in the case of X-ray irradiation in a dose of 0.1 Gy (4 mJ/cm2). The data obtained suggest a similar mechanism of activation of the body's natural defense upon exposure to low doses of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Ivanitskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - S I Zaichkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - A R Dyukina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - V I Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies Federal Scientific Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia
| | - S S Sorokina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - O M Rozanova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - E N Smirnova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - D P Laryskin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - N V Minaev
- Institute of Photon Technologies Federal Scientific Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia
| | - M M Potselueva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdel-Aziz N, Elkady AA, Elgazzar EM. Effect of Low-Dose Gamma Radiation and Lipoic Acid on High- Radiation-Dose Induced Rat Brain Injuries. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044845. [PMID: 34759786 PMCID: PMC8573698 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This work aims to investigate the possible radio-adaptive mechanisms induced by low-dose (LD) whole-body γ-irradiation alone or combined with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) administration in modulating high-dose (HD) head irradiation–induced brain injury in rats. Materials and Methods Rats were irradiated with LD (.25 Gy) 24 hours prior HD (20 Gy), and subjected to ALA (100 mg/kg/day) 5 minutes after HD and continued for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and brain samples were dissected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results HD irradiation-induced brain injury as manifested by elevation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers in brain tissue. Histological examination of brain sections showed marked alterations. However, LD alone or combined with ALA ameliorated the changes induced by HD. Conclusion Under the present experimental conditions, LD whole-body irradiation exhibited neuroprotective activity against detrimental effects of a subsequent HD head irradiation. This effect might be due to the adaptive response induced by LD that activated the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the affected animals making them able to cope with the subsequent high-dose exposure. However, the combined LD exposure and ALA supplementation produced a further modulating effect in the HD-irradiated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elkady
- Ahmed A. Elkady: Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elgazzar
- Ahmed A. Elkady: Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Low Dose Ionising Radiation-Induced Hormesis: Therapeutic Implications to Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of radiation-induced hormesis, whereby a low dose is beneficial and a high dose is detrimental, has been gaining attention in the fields of molecular biology, environmental toxicology and radiation biology. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of hormetic dose response not only in the radiation field, but also with molecular agents. However, there is continuing debate on the magnitude and mechanism of radiation hormetic dose response, which could make further contributions, as a research tool, to science and perhaps eventually to public health due to potential therapeutic benefits for society. The biological phenomena of low dose ionising radiation (LDIR) includes bystander effects, adaptive response, hypersensitivity, radioresistance and genomic instability. In this review, the beneficial and the detrimental effects of LDIR-induced hormesis are explored, together with an overview of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that may potentially provide an insight to the therapeutic implications to human health in the future.
Collapse
|
38
|
Belmans N, Oenning AC, Salmon B, Baselet B, Tabury K, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Moreels M, Jacobs R, Baatout S. Radiobiological risks following dentomaxillofacial imaging: should we be concerned? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210153. [PMID: 33989056 PMCID: PMC8404518 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to present studies that prospectively investigated biological effects in patients following diagnostic dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). METHODS Literature was systematically searched to retrieve all studies assessing radiobiological effects of using X-ray imaging in the dentomaxillofacial area, with reference to radiobiological outcomes for other imaging modalities and fields. RESULTS There is a lot of variability in the reported radiobiological assessment methods and radiation dose measures, making comparisons of radiobiological studies challenging. Most radiological DMFR studies are focusing on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, data for 2D dentomaxillofacial radiographs, albeit with some methodological weakness biasing the results. For CBCT, available evidence is limited and few studies include comparative data on both adults and children. CONCLUSIONS In the future, one will have to strive towards patient-specific measures by considering age, gender and other individual radiation sensitivity-related factors. Ultimately, future radioprotection strategies should build further on the concept of personalized medicine, with patient-specific optimization of the imaging protocol, based on radiobiological variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Caroline Oenning
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São, Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bjorn Baselet
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphane Lucas
- Laboratory of Analysis by Nuclear Reaction (LARN/PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou L, Xiang J, He Y. Research progress on the association between environmental pollutants and the resistance mechanism of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49491-49506. [PMID: 34370190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer are closely related to genetics and environmental pollutants. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been a major breakthrough in the history of ovarian cancer treatment. PARP is an enzyme responsible for post-translational modification of proteins and repair of single-stranded DNA damage. PARP inhibitors can selectively inhibit PARP function, resulting in a synthetic lethal effect on tumor cells defective in homologous recombination repair. However, with large-scale application, drug resistance also inevitably appears. For PARP inhibitors, the diversity and complexity of drug resistance mechanisms have always been difficult problems in clinical treatment. Herein, we mainly summarized the research progress of DNA damage repair and drug resistance mechanisms related to PARP inhibitors and the impact of environmental pollutants on DNA damage repair to aid the development prospects and highlight urgent problems to be solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stachowski TR, Snell ME, Snell EH. A SAXS-based approach to rationally evaluate radical scavengers - toward eliminating radiation damage in solution and crystallographic studies. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1309-1320. [PMID: 34475280 PMCID: PMC8415334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-based techniques are a powerful tool in structural biology but the radiation-induced chemistry that results can be detrimental and may mask an accurate structural understanding. In the crystallographic case, cryocooling has been employed as a successful mitigation strategy but also has its limitations including the trapping of non-biological structural states. Crystallographic and solution studies performed at physiological temperatures can reveal otherwise hidden but relevant conformations, but are limited by their increased susceptibility to radiation damage. In this case, chemical additives that scavenge the species generated by radiation can mitigate damage but are not always successful and the mechanisms are often unclear. Using a protein designed to undergo a large-scale structural change from breakage of a disulfide bond, radiation damage can be monitored with small-angle X-ray scattering. Using this, we have quantitatively evaluated how three scavengers commonly used in crystallographic experiments - sodium nitrate, cysteine, and ascorbic acid - perform in solution at 10°C. Sodium nitrate was the most effective scavenger and completely inhibited fragmentation of the disulfide bond at a lower concentration (500 µM) compared with cysteine (∼5 mM) while ascorbic acid performed best at 5 mM but could only reduce fragmentation by ∼75% after a total accumulated dose of 792 Gy. The relative effectiveness of each scavenger matches their reported affinities for solvated electrons. Saturating concentrations of each scavenger shifted fragmentation from first order to a zeroth-order process, perhaps indicating the direct contribution of photoabsorption. The SAXS-based method can detect damage at X-ray doses far lower than those accessible crystallographically, thereby providing a detailed picture of scavenger processes. The solution results are also in close agreement with what is known about scavenger performance and mechanism in a crystallographic setting and suggest that a link can be made between the damage phenomenon in the two scenarios. Therefore, our engineered approach might provide a platform for more systematic and comprehensive screening of radioprotectants that can directly inform mitigation strategies for both solution and crystallographic experiments, while also clarifying fundamental radiation damage mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Stachowski
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mary E. Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Edward H. Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Materials Design and Innovation, State University at New York at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wen KK, Roy S, Grumbach IM, Wu M. A "Failed" Assay Development for the Discovery of Rescuing Small Molecules from the Radiation Damage. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1315-1325. [PMID: 34151632 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211020678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With improving survival rates for cancer patients, the side effects of radiation therapy, especially for pediatric or more sensitive adult patients, have raised interest in preventive or rescue treatment to overcome the detrimental effects of efficient radiation therapies. For the discovery of rescuing small molecules for radiation damage to the endothelium, we have been developing a 96-well microplate-based in vitro assay for high-throughput compatible measurement of radiation-induced cell damage and its rescue by phenotypic high-content imaging. In contrast to traditional radiation assays with detached cells for clonogenic formation, we observed cells with live-cell imaging in two different kinds of endothelial cells, up to three different cell densities, two gamma-infrared radiation dose rates, more than four different radiation doses, and acute (within 24 h with one to two h intervals) and chronic (up to 7 days) responses by phenotypic changes (digital phase contrast) and functional assays (nuclear, live-cell, and dead-cell staining) at the end of the assay. Multiple potential small molecules, which have been reported for rescuing radiation damage, have been tested as assay controls with dose responses. At the end, we did not move ahead with the pilot screening. The lessons learned from this "failed" assay development are shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Kuang Wen
- University of Iowa High Throughput Screening (UIHTS) Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen Roy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- University of Iowa High Throughput Screening (UIHTS) Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bontemps-Karcher A, Magneron V, Conquet L, Elie C, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Roy L, Barbier OC, Guéguen Y. Renal adaptive response to exposure to low doses of uranyl nitrate and sodium fluoride in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126708. [PMID: 33360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their differences in physicochemical properties, both uranium (U) and fluoride (F) are nephrotoxicants at high doses but their adverse effects at low doses are still the subject of debate. METHODS This study aims to improve the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved through an adaptive response model of C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to low priming doses of U (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) or F (0, 15, 30 and 50 mg/L) and then challenged with acute exposure of 5 mg/kg U or 7.5 mg/kg NaF. RESULTS We showed that an adaptive response occurred with priming exposures to 20 mg/L U and 50 mg/L F, with decreased levels of the biomarkers KIM-1 and CLU compared to those in animals that received the challenge dose only (positive control). The adaptive mechanisms involved a decrease in caspase 3/7 activities in animals exposed to 20 mg/L U and a decrease in in situ VCAM expression in mice exposed to 50 mg/L F. However, autophagy and the UPR were induced independently of priming exposure to U or F and could not be identified as adaptive mechanisms to U or F. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results allow us to identify renal adaptive responses to U and F at doses of 20 and 50 mg/L, probably through decrease apoptosis and inflammatory cell recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bontemps-Karcher
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Victor Magneron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chakrabarti M, Mukherjee A. Investigating the underlying mechanism of cadmium-induced plant adaptive response to genotoxic stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111817. [PMID: 33383339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants as sessile organisms have developed some unique strategies to withstand environmental stress and adaptive response (AR) is one of them. In the present study Cadmium (Cd)-induced AR was evaluated to ameliorate the genotoxicity of a known chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) based on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in two model plant systems Allium cepa L. and Vicia faba L. Priming the plants with cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 25 and 50 μM) reduced the genotoxicity of EMS (0.25 mM). Cd-induced AR was evident by the magnitude of adaptive response (MAR) values calculated for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and biochemical parameters. In addition the involvement of some major metabolic pathways and epigenetic modifications in AR was investigated. Metabolic blockers of protein kinase cascades, DNA repair, oxidative stress and de novo translation interfered with the adaptive response implying their role in AR whereas, inhibitors involved in post-replication repair and autophagy were ineffective implicating that they probably have no role in the AR studied. Moreover to find the role of DNA methylation in AR, methylation-sensitive comet assay was carried out. Simultaneously 5-methyl- 2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) levels were quantified by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). AR was eliminated in cells treated with a demethylating agent, 5-aza- 2'deoxycytidine (AZA). Results implied a contribution of DNA hypermethylation. To the best of our knowledge this is a first report correlating DNA methylation to Cd-induced adaptive response in plants undergoing genotoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoswini Chakrabarti
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advance Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advance Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Background radiation impacts human longevity and cancer mortality: reconsidering the linear no-threshold paradigm. Biogerontology 2021; 22:189-195. [PMID: 33479810 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current linear no-threshold paradigm assumes that any exposure to ionizing radiation carries some risk, thus every effort should be made to maintain the exposures as low as possible. We examined whether background radiation impacts human longevity and cancer mortality. Our data covered the entire US population of the 3139 US counties, encompassing over 320 million people. This is the first large-scale study which takes into account the two major sources of background radiation (terrestrial radiation and cosmic radiation), covering the entire US population. Here, we show that life expectancy, the most integrative index of population health, was approximately 2.5 years longer in people living in areas with a relatively high vs. low background radiation. (≥ 180 mrem/year and ≤ 100 mrem/year, respectively; p < 0.005; 95% confidence interval [CI]). This radiation-induced lifespan extension could to a great extent be associated with the decrease in cancer mortality rate observed for several common cancers (lung, pancreas and colon cancers for both genders, and brain and bladder cancers for males only; p < 0.05; 95% CI). Exposure to a high background radiation displays clear beneficial health effects in humans. These hormetic effects provide clear indications for re-considering the linear no-threshold paradigm, at least within the natural range of low-dose radiation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chung M, Rhee HY, Chung WK. Clinical Approach of Low-Dose Whole-Brain Ionizing Radiation Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:941-947. [PMID: 33612549 PMCID: PMC8150666 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our research team recently published two relevant papers. In one study, we have seen the acute effect of low-dose ionizing irradiation (LDIR) did not reduce the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein concentration in brain tissue, yet significantly improved synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Surprisingly, in another study, we could see late effect that the LDIR-treated mice showed significantly improved learning and memory skills compared with those in the sham group. In addition, Aβ concentrations were significantly decreased in brain tissue. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α was decreased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β was increased in the brain tissue of 5xFAD mice treated with LDIR. Definitive clinical results for the safety and efficacy of LDIR have not yet been published and, despite the promising outcomes reported during preclinical studies, LDIR can only be applied to patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia when clinical results are made available. In addition, in the case of LDIR, additional large-scale clinical studies are necessary to determine the severity of Alzheimer's disease dementia, indications for LDIR, the total dose to be irradiated, fraction size, and intervals of LDIR treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism of LDIR based on existing preclinical results in a way that is useful for conducting subsequent clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijoo Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon Kuu Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schweikl H, Birke M, Gallorini M, Petzel C, Bolay C, Waha C, Hiller KA, Buchalla W. HEMA-induced oxidative stress inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and TNF release from LTA- and LPS-stimulated immunocompetent cells. Dent Mater 2020; 37:175-190. [PMID: 33303231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The release of inflammatory cytokines from antigen-stimulated cells of the immune system is inhibited by resin monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Although the formation of oxidative stress in cells exposed to HEMA is firmly established, the mechanism behind the inhibited cytokine secretion is only partly known. The present investigation presents evidence regarding the role of HEMA-induced oxidative stress in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα from cells exposed to the antigens LTA (lipoteichoic acid) or LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of cariogenic microorganisms using BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine) or NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) to inhibit or stabilize the amounts of the antioxidant glutathione. METHOD RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were treated with LTA, LPS or HEMA in the presence of BSO or NAC for 1h or 24h. Secretion of TNFα from cell cultures was analyzed by ELISA, and the formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) was determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The release of TNFα in both LTA- and LPS-exposed cells was decreased by HEMA, and this concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was amplified by BSO or NAC. LTA- and LPS-stimulated expression of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-αB (p65) in cell nuclei decreased in the presence of HEMA because the translocation of p65 from the cytosol was prevented by oxidative stress specifically increased by the monomer. CONCLUSIONS A disturbance of the cellular redox balance, particularly induced by HEMA, is a crucial factor in the inhibition of LTA- and LPS-stimulated signalling pathways leading to TNFα secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Margaritha Birke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Christine Petzel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Andreychuk YV, Zadorsky SP, Zhuk AS, Stepchenkova EI, Inge-Vechtomov SG. Relationship between Type I and Type II Template Processes: Amyloids and Genome Stability. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
48
|
Ganther M, Yim B, Ibrahim Z, Bienert MD, Lippold E, Maccario L, Sørensen SJ, Bienert GP, Vetterlein D, Heintz-Buschart A, Blagodatskaya E, Smalla K, Tarkka MT. Compatibility of X-ray computed tomography with plant gene expression, rhizosphere bacterial communities and enzyme activities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5603-5614. [PMID: 32463450 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) is increasingly used in rhizosphere research to visualize development of soil-root interfaces in situ. However, exposing living systems to X-rays can potentially impact their processes and metabolites. In order to evaluate these effects, we assessed the responses of rhizosphere processes 1 and 24 h after a low X-ray exposure (0.81 Gy). Changes in root gene expression patterns occurred 1 h after exposure with down-regulation of cell wall-, lipid metabolism-, and cell stress-related genes, but no differences remained after 24 h. At either time point, XRCT did not affect either root antioxidative enzyme activities or the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome and microbial growth parameters. The potential activities of leucine aminopeptidase and phosphomonoesterase were lower at 1 h, but did not differ from the control 24 h after exposure. A time delay of 24 h after a low X-ray exposure (0.81 Gy) was sufficient to reverse any effects on the observed rhizosphere systems. Our data suggest that before implementing novel experimental designs involving XRCT, a study on its impact on the investigated processes should be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ganther
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Eva Lippold
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Mika T Tarkka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ionizing Radiation and Translation Control: A Link to Radiation Hormesis? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186650. [PMID: 32932812 PMCID: PMC7555331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis, or mRNA translation, is one of the most energy-consuming functions in cells. Translation of mRNA into proteins is thus highly regulated by and integrated with upstream and downstream signaling pathways, dependent on various transacting proteins and cis-acting elements within the substrate mRNAs. Under conditions of stress, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, regulatory mechanisms reprogram protein synthesis to translate mRNAs encoding proteins that ensure proper cellular responses. Interestingly, beneficial responses to low-dose radiation exposure, known as radiation hormesis, have been described in several models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. In this review, we explore how differences in cellular responses to high- vs. low-dose ionizing radiation are realized through the modulation of molecular pathways with a particular emphasis on the regulation of mRNA translation control.
Collapse
|
50
|
Talebian H, Monfared AS, Niaki HA, Fattahi S, Bakhtiari E, Changizi V. Investigating the expression level of NF-KB and HIF1A genes among the inhabitants of two different background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 220-221:106292. [PMID: 32658641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the fluctuation of NF-KB and HIF-1a gene expression between inhabitants of a high-level background radiation area (HBRA) and a normal-level background radiation area (NBRA) of Ramsar, Iran. Sixty participants with the mean age of 48 ± 15 years were selected and divided into two groups. The group receiving a dose of ≤1.5 mGy/year (NBRA) was considered the control group and the target group (HBRA) received a dose of >1.5 mGy/year. These two groups were from neighbor regions to minimize socioeconomic differences between the participants. Blood samples were collected from each group and NF-KB and HIF-1a expression levels were compared using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based on the stem loop method. The effects of residency duration in the respective areas and gender on the expression of NF-KB and HIF-1a was also examined. The HIF-1a expression level was statistically lower in the HLBRA region (P < 0.0002), while NF-KB expression was upregulated (P < 0.0001). Although the under-expression of HIF-1a in response to dose rate was significant in females (P < 0.0004), it was not different in males (P = 0.74), indicating a significant difference between sexes (P = 0.0047). The upregulation of NF-KB expression related to dose level was also significant for the female group (P < 0.0001), whereas it was not for the male group (P = 0.72). Notably and as expected, there was a significant relation between longer residency in the HBRA and HIF-1A under-expression (P < 0.026), while there was no effect of increasing residency time for NF-KB over-expression level (P = 0.29). The dwellers of the HBRA those noted that despite receiving an elevated radiation level were seemingly good in general health, showed some alterations in their molecular mechanisms, specifically HIF-1a and NF-KB expression levels. It is not clear if this is indicative of a beneficial adaptive response and more research is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Talebian
- Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan Niaki
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol, IR, Iran; North Research Centre of Pasteur Institute, Amol, IR, Iran
| | - Elaheh Bakhtiari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Alliend Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|