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Li H, Lin S, Wang Y, Shi Y, Fang X, Wang J, Cui H, Bian Y, Qi X. Immunosenescence: A new direction in anti-aging research. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112900. [PMID: 39137628 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is a major regulatory system of the body, that is composed of immune cells, immune organs, and related signaling factors. As an organism ages, observable age-related changes in the function of the immune system accumulate in a process described as 'immune aging. Research has shown that the impact of aging on immunity is detrimental, with various dysregulated responses that affect the function of immune cells at the cellular level. For example, increased aging has been shown to result in the abnormal chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreased phagocytosis of macrophages. Age-related diminished functionality of immune cell types has direct effects on host fitness, leading to poorer responses to vaccination, more inflammation and tissue damage, as well as autoimmune disorders and the inability to control infections. Similarly, age impacts the function of the immune system at the organ level, resulting in decreased hematopoietic function in the bone marrow, a gradual deficiency of catalase in the thymus, and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced production of related immune cells such as B cells and T cells, further increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders in the elderly. As the immune function of the body weakens, aging cells and inflammatory factors cannot be cleared, resulting in a cycle of increased inflammation that accumulates over time. Cumulatively, the consequences of immune aging increase the likelihood of developing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis, among others. Therefore, targeting the age-related changes that occur within cells of the immune system might be an effective anti-aging strategy. In this article, we summarize the relevant literature on immune aging research, focusing on its impact on aging, in hopes of providing new directions for anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhou Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexuan Shi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixing Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jida Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
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Kapor S, Radojković M, Santibanez JF. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Implication in myeloid malignancies and immunotherapy. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152183. [PMID: 39029317 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies stem from a modified hematopoietic stem cell and predominantly include acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic neoplasms, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibit immunoregulatory properties by governing the innate and adaptive immune systems, creating a permissive and supportive environment for neoplasm growth. This review examines the key characteristics of MDSCs in myeloid malignancies, highlighting that an increased MDSC count corresponds to heightened immunosuppressive capabilities, fostering an immune-tolerant neoplasm microenvironment. Also, this review analyzes and describes the potential of combined cancer therapies, focusing on targeting MDSC generation, expansion, and their inherent immunosuppressive activities to enhance the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies. A comprehensive understanding of the implications of myeloid malignancies may enhance the exploration of immunotherapeutic strategies for their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suncica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical, and Hospital Center "Dr. Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje,", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, Belgrade 11020, Serbia
| | - Milica Radojković
- Department of Hematology, Clinical, and Hospital Center "Dr. Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje,", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, Belgrade 11020, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Molecular Oncology group, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, Belgrade 11129, Serbia; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
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Carey AE, Weeraratna AT. Entering the TiME machine: How age-related changes in the tumor immune microenvironment impact melanoma progression and therapy response. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 262:108698. [PMID: 39098769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the United States, with its incidence rates rising in older populations. As the immune system undergoes age-related changes, these alterations can significantly influence tumor progression and the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Recent advancements in understanding immune checkpoint molecules have paved the way for the development of innovative immunotherapies targeting solid tumors. However, the aging tumor microenvironment can play a crucial role in modulating the response to these immunotherapeutic approaches. This review seeks to examine the intricate relationship between age-related changes in the immune system and their impact on the efficacy of immunotherapies, particularly in the context of melanoma. By exploring this complex interplay, we hope to elucidate potential strategies to optimize treatment outcomes for older patients with melanoma, and draw parallels to other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Carey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kong Y, Zhang Q, Wang S, Li R, Fu C, Wei Q. Mitochondrial metabolism regulated macrophage phenotype in myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117494. [PMID: 39321509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) being the primary contributor to mortality and disability associated with CVD. Reperfusion therapies are widely recognized as effective strategies for treating MI. However, while intended to restore blood flow, the reperfusion processes paradoxically initiate a series of pathophysiological events that worsen myocardial injury, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new treatment strategies to reduce the size of MI and enhance cardiac function post-infarction. Macrophages are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and mitigating undesirable remodeling following MI. Extensive research has established a strong link between cellular metabolism and macrophage function. In the context of MI, macrophages undergo adaptive metabolic reprogramming to mount an immune response. Moreover, mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages is evident, leading to significant changes in their metabolism. Therefore, we need to delve deeper into summarizing and understanding the relationship and role between mitochondrial metabolism and macrophage phenotype, and summarize existing treatment methods. In this review, we explore the role of mitochondria in shaping the macrophage phenotype and function. Additionally, we summarize current therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, which may offer new insights treating of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhang T, Wen R, Fan H, Yu Y, Jia H, Peng Z, Zhou L, Yu G, Zhang W. Impact and potential value of immunosenescence on solid gastrointestinal tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375730. [PMID: 39007138 PMCID: PMC11239362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid gastrointestinal tumors often respond poorly to immunotherapy for the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), which is exacerbated by immune system alterations. Immunosenescence is the process of increased diversification of immune genes due to aging and other factors, leading to a decrease in the recognition function of the immune system. This process involves immune organs, immune cells, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The most fundamental change is DNA damage, resulting in TME remodeling. The main manifestations are worsening inflammation, increased immunosuppressive SASP production, decreased immune cell antitumor activity, and the accumulation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, making antitumor therapy less effective. Senotherapy strategies to remove senescent cells and block key senescence processes can have synergistic effects with other treatments. This review focuses on immunoenescence and its impact on the solid TME. We characterize the immunosenescent TME and discuss future directions for antitumor therapies targeting senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leqi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Salminen A. The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:733-750. [PMID: 38600305 PMCID: PMC11106179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. KEY MESSAGES: Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Yunye MAO, Shu SHENG, An WANG, Jinzhao ZHAI, Xiangwei GE, Di LU, Jinliang WANG. [Current Status and Prospect of PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
in Elderly Patients with Advanced NSCLC]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:367-375. [PMID: 38880924 PMCID: PMC11183317 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is closely correlated with age, as 75% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are aged at least 65 years. The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has altered the available NSCLC therapeutic pattern. Limited studies on elderly patients have demonstrated that ICIs as monotherapy provide substantial benefits for patients aged 65-75 years, showing no significant difference compared to younger patients. This benefit is also observed in combination with immune-combined chemotherapy or radiotherapy. For individuals older than 75 years, the survival effect was not evident, though. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with ICIs alone were similar in incidence across age categories. Immune-combination chemotherapy resulted in a higher incidence of irAEs than chemotherapy alone, and patients ≥75 years of age were more likely to experience higher-grade irAEs. Besides the fact that immunosenescence in older patients influences the immune milieu in a multifaceted manner, which in turn impacts the effectiveness of immunotherapy, the prognosis is also influenced by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score, among other factors. For certain individuals aged ≥75 years or in poor physical health, immunotherapy combined with low-intensity chemotherapy has emerged as a viable treatment option. However, there are fewer related studies, so there should be a conscious effort to increase the number of elderly patients enrolled in the trial and a comprehensive assessment to explore individualized treatment options. To provide additional references and guidance for immunotherapy in elderly NSCLC patients and to propose new therapeutic perspectives in combination with their characteristics, this review aims to summarize and analyze the pertinent studies on the application of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in these patients.
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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Chen W, Ning X, Liu Y, Shen T, Liu M, Yin H, Ding Y, Zhou J, Yin R, Cai L, Wu Y, Qian L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells from tumour-bearing mice induce the population expansion of CD19 hiFcγRIIb hi regulatory B cells via PD-L1. Immunology 2024; 172:127-143. [PMID: 38332630 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increase in number and gain immunosuppressive functions in tumours and many other pathological conditions. MDSCs are characterized by their strong T-cell immunosuppressive capacity. The effects that MDSCs may have on B cells, especially within the tumour microenvironment, are less well understood. Here, we report that either monocytic MDSCs or polymorphonuclear MDSCs can promote increases in interleukin (IL)-10-expressing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells in vitro and in vivo. Splenic transitional-1, -2, and -3 cells and marginal zone B cells, but not follicular B cells, differentiate into IL-10-expressing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells. The adoptive transfer of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells via tail vein injection can promote subcutaneous 3LL tumour growth in mice. The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 on MDSCs was found to be strongly associated with CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cell population expansion. Furthermore, the frequency of circulating CD19+FcγRIIhi regulatory B cells was significantly increased in advanced-stage lung cancer patients. Our results unveil a critical role of MDSCs in regulatory B-cell differentiation and population expansion in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Ning
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
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Wakita H, Lu Y, Li X, Kobayashi T, Hachiya T, Ide H, Horie S. Evaluating Leukocyte Telomere Length and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1386. [PMID: 38611064 PMCID: PMC11011111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with aging and the development and progression of cancer. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of LTL and MDSC as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer while also seeking to deepen our understanding of the relationship of these potential biomarkers to each other. METHODS Our study involved patients undergoing a prostate biopsy. We analyzed the relative LTL in genomic DNA obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes as well as the percentage of MDSC and their subtypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our evaluation focused on examining the relationship between LTL and MDSC and pathological diagnoses as well as investigating the correlation between LTL and MDSC levels. RESULTS In our study of 102 participants, 56 were pathologically diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (cancer group), while 46 tested negative (control group). The cancer group exhibited significantly shorter LTL in comparison to the control group (p = 0.024). Additionally, the cancer group showed a tendency towards a higher percentage of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). Our multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with shorter LTL and higher percentages of M-MDSC had a 2.98-fold (95% CI = 1.001-8.869, p = 0.049) and 3.03-fold (95% CI = 1.152-7.977, p = 0.025) increased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis, respectively. There was also a significant negative correlation between LTL and M-MDSC. (r = -0.347, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our research has established a correlation between LTL and MDSC in patients undergoing biopsy for prostate cancer. Notably, we observed that individuals with localized prostate cancer tend to have shorter LTL and a higher percentage of M-MDSC prior to their diagnosis. These findings suggest that LTL and M-MDSC could potentially serve as adjunctive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Wakita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
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Shin EY, Jeong S, Lee JE, Jeong DS, Han DK, Hong SH, Lee DR. Multiple treatments with human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells preserved the fertility and ovarian function of perimenopausal mice undergoing natural aging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:58. [PMID: 38433223 PMCID: PMC10910829 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, no approved stem cell-based therapies for preserving ovarian function during aging. To solve this problem, we developed a long-term treatment for human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hESC-MPCs). We investigated whether the cells retained their ability to resist ovarian aging, which leads to delayed reproductive senescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a middle-aged female model undergoing natural aging, we analyzed whether hESC-MPCs benefit the long-term maintenance of reproductive fecundity and ovarian reservoirs and how their transplantation regulates ovarian function. RESULTS The number of primordial follicles and mice with regular estrous cycles were increased in perimenopausal mice who underwent multiple introductions of hESC-MPCs compared to age-matched controls. The estradiol levels in the hESC-MPCs group were restored to those in the young and adult groups. Embryonic development and live birth rates were higher in the hESC-MPC group than in the control group, suggesting that hESC-MPCs delayed ovarian senescence. In addition to their direct effects on the ovary, multiple-treatments with hESC-MPCs reduced ovarian fibrosis by downregulating inflammation and fibrosis-related genes via the suppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) produced in the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS Multiple introductions of hESC-MPCs could be a useful approach to prevent female reproductive senescence and that these cells are promising sources for cell therapy to postpone the ovarian aging and retain fecundity in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam- si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24431, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeoung Eun Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang- gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seok Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam- si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam- si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24431, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam- si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang- gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ye B, Pei Y, Wang L, Meng D, Zhang Y, Zou S, Li H, Liu J, Xie Z, Tian C, Jiang Y, Qiao Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Ma N. NAD + supplementation prevents STING-induced senescence in CD8 + T cells by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30522. [PMID: 38224175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the connection between senescence phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial in aging and premature aging diseases. Loss of mitochondrial function leads to a decline in T cell function, which plays a significant role in this process. However, more research is required to determine if improving mitochondrial homeostasis alleviates senescence phenotypes. Our research has shown an association between NAD+ and senescent T cells through the cGAS-STING pathway, which can lead to an inflammatory phenotype. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of NAD+ in T-cell aging and how it can be utilized to improve mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviate senescence phenotypes. We demonstrate here that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) occur in senescent T cells and tumor-bearing mice. Senescence is mediated by a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and involves ectopic cytoplasmic DNA. We further show that boosting intracellular NAD+ levels with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) prevents senescence and SASP by promoting mitophagy. NMN treatment also suppresses senescence and neuroinflammation and improves the survival cycle of mice. Encouraging mitophagy may be a useful strategy to prevent CD8+ T cells from senescence due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, supplementing with NMN to increase NAD+ levels could enhance survival rates in mice while also reducing senescence and inflammation, and enhancing mitophagy as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yingting Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Dehao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Henian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jinying Liu
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziying Xie
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhong Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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13
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Huang M, Wang Y, Fang L, Liu C, Feng F, Liu L, Sun C. T cell senescence: a new perspective on immunotherapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338680. [PMID: 38415245 PMCID: PMC10896971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell senescence is an indication of T cell dysfunction. The ability of senescent T cells to respond to cognate antigens is reduced and they are in the late stage of differentiation and proliferation; therefore, they cannot recognize and eliminate tumor cells in a timely and effective manner, leading to the formation of the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Establishing methods to reverse T cell senescence is particularly important for immunotherapy. Aging exacerbates profound changes in the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to chronic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Patients with malignant lung tumors have impaired immune function with a high risk of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality. Immunotherapy based on PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and other immune checkpoints is promising for treating lung malignancies. However, T cell senescence can lead to low efficacy or unsuccessful treatment results in some immunotherapies. Efficiently blocking and reversing T cell senescence is a key goal of the enhancement of tumor immunotherapy. This study discusses the characteristics, mechanism, and expression of T cell senescence in malignant lung tumors and the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Huang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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14
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Li H, Jia Y, Kong F. Immunosenescence and immunotherapy in older NSCLC patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:9-16. [PMID: 38554292 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1523_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) predominantly affects the elderly since its incidence and mortality rates skyrocket beyond the age of 65. The landscape of NSCLC treatment has been revolutionized by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have emerged after a long and mostly inactive period of conventional treatment protocols. However, there is limited data on the exact effects of these chemicals on older patients, whose care can be complicated by a variety of conditions. This highlights the need to understand the efficacy of emerging cancer medicines in older patients. In this study, we will review the data of ICIs from clinical trials that were relevant to older people with NSCLC and poor performance status. We will also discuss the role of immunosenescence in immunotherapy and biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICIs in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Huzi Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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15
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Śnieżewska A, Anisiewicz A, Gdesz-Birula K, Wietrzyk J, Filip-Psurska B. Age-Dependent Effect of Calcitriol on Mouse Regulatory T and B Lymphocytes. Nutrients 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 38201878 PMCID: PMC10780377 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormonally active vitamin D3 metabolite, calcitriol, functions as an important modulator of the immune system. We assumed that calcitriol exerts different effects on immune cells and cytokine production, depending on the age of the animal; therefore, we analyzed its effects on regulatory T lymphocytes and regulatory B lymphocytes in healthy young and old female C57Bl/6/Foxp3GFP mice. In the lymph nodes of young mice, calcitriol decreased the percentage of Tregs, including tTregs and pTregs, and the expression of GITR, CD103, and CD101; however, calcitriol increased the level of IL-35 in adipose tissue. In the case of aged mice, calcitriol decreased the percentages of tTregs and CD19+ cells in lymph nodes and the level of osteopontin in the plasma. Additionally, increases in the levels of IgG and the lowest levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-35 were observed in the adipose tissue of aged mice. This study showed that calcitriol treatment had different effects, mainly on Treg phenotypes and cytokine secretion, in young and old female mice; it seemed that calcitriol enhanced the immunosuppressive properties of the lymphatic organs and adipose tissue of healthy young mice but not of healthy aged mice, where the opposite effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (A.A.); (K.G.-B.)
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (A.A.); (K.G.-B.)
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16
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Yang YC, Zhu Y, Sun SJ, Zhao CJ, Bai Y, Wang J, Ma LT. ROS regulation in gliomas: implications for treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259797. [PMID: 38130720 PMCID: PMC10733468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type. The glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) has unique characteristics, such as hypoxia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumour neovascularization. Therefore, the traditional treatment effect is limited. As cellular oxidative metabolites, ROS not only promote the occurrence and development of gliomas but also affect immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In contrast, either too high or too low ROS levels are detrimental to the survival of glioma cells, which indicates the threshold of ROS. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the threshold of ROS, and the role of ROS in the glioma TME can provide new methods and strategies for glioma treatment. Current methods to increase ROS include photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), etc., and methods to eliminate ROS include the ingestion of antioxidants. Increasing/scavenging ROS is potentially applicable treatment, and further studies will help to provide more effective strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Postgraduate Work, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical and Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
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17
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Lee JY, Kim S, Sohn HJ, Kim CH, Kim TG, Lee HS. Local Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:39. [PMID: 37878302 PMCID: PMC10615146 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immune regulatory effect of human cord blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models. Methods MDSCs (1 × 106) or PBS were injected into established C57BL/6 EAU mice via the subconjunctival route on days 0 and 7. The severity of intraocular inflammation was evaluated for up to 3 weeks. Tissue injury and inflammation were analyzed using immunolabelled staining, real-time PCR, and ELISA. In addition, immune cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using flow cytometry. Results After 21 days, the clinical scores and histopathological grades of EAU were lower in the MDSCs group compared with the PBS group. Local administration of MDSCs suppressed the oxidative stress and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retinal tissues. In addition, it inhibited the activation of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in draining LNs. MDSCs increased the frequency of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the mRNA expression of IL-10, as an immune modulator. Conclusions MDSCs suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the retina and inhibited pathogenic T cells in the LNs in EAU. Therefore, ocular administration of MDSCs has therapeutic potential for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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18
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Salminen A. The role of immunosuppressive myofibroblasts in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1169-1189. [PMID: 37606688 PMCID: PMC10560181 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which control the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts possess a remarkable plasticity to allow them to adapt to the changes in the microenvironment and thus maintain tissue homeostasis. Several stresses, also those associated with the aging process, convert quiescent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which not only display fibrogenic properties but also act as immune regulators cooperating both with tissue-resident immune cells and those immune cells recruited into affected tissues. TGF-β cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major inducers of myofibroblast differentiation in pathological conditions either from quiescent fibroblasts or via transdifferentiation from certain other cell types, e.g., macrophages, adipocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Intriguingly, TGF-β and ROS are also important signaling mediators between immunosuppressive cells, such as MDSCs, Tregs, and M2 macrophages. It seems that in pathological states, myofibroblasts are able to interact with the immunosuppressive network. There is clear evidence that a low-grade chronic inflammatory state in aging tissues is counteracted by activation of compensatory immunosuppression. Interestingly, common enhancers of the aging process, such as oxidative stress, loss of DNA integrity, and inflammatory insults, are inducers of myofibroblasts, whereas anti-aging treatments with metformin and rapamycin suppress the differentiation of myofibroblasts and thus prevent age-related tissue fibrosis. I will examine the reciprocal interactions between myofibroblasts and immunosuppressive cells within aging tissues. It seems that the differentiation of myofibroblasts with age-related harmful stresses enhances the activity of the immunosuppressive network which promotes tissue fibrosis and degeneration in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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19
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Riegger J, Schoppa A, Ruths L, Haffner-Luntzer M, Ignatius A. Oxidative stress as a key modulator of cell fate decision in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: a narrative review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:76. [PMID: 37777764 PMCID: PMC10541721 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging and after traumatic injuries, cartilage and bone cells are exposed to various pathophysiologic mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage-associated molecular patterns, and proinflammatory cytokines. This detrimental environment triggers cellular stress and subsequent dysfunction, which not only contributes to the development of associated diseases, that is, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, but also impairs regenerative processes. To counter ROS-mediated stress and reduce the overall tissue damage, cells possess diverse defense mechanisms. However, cellular antioxidative capacities are limited and thus ROS accumulation can lead to aberrant cell fate decisions, which have adverse effects on cartilage and bone homeostasis. In this narrative review, we address oxidative stress as a major driver of pathophysiologic processes in cartilage and bone, including senescence, misdirected differentiation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitophagy by illustrating the consequences on tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Moreover, we elaborate cellular defense mechanisms, with a particular focus on oxidative stress response and mitophagy, and briefly discuss respective therapeutic strategies to improve cell and tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonie Ruths
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Xie Z, Zhou H, Obana M, Fujio Y, Okada N, Tachibana M. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells exacerbate poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation in mice with renal injury and older mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243851. [PMID: 37818369 PMCID: PMC10560716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is a global health burden with a high mortality rate, especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying diseases. Recent studies have found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are abundant in these patient groups; however, their roles in the progression of viral pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, we observed a substantial increase in MDSCs in a mouse model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in older mice. When intranasal polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) administration was used to mimic viral pneumonia, mice with renal I/R injury exhibited more severe lung inflammation than sham mice challenged with poly(I:C). In addition, MDSC depletion attenuated lung inflammation in mice with I/R injury. Similar results were obtained in older mice compared with those in young mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of in vitro-differentiated MDSCs exacerbated poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that the increased proportion of MDSCs in mice with renal I/R injury and in older mice exacerbates poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation. These findings have important implications for the treatment and prevention of severe lung inflammation caused by viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Vallet H, Guidet B, Boumendil A, De Lange DW, Leaver S, Szczeklik W, Jung C, Sviri S, Beil M, Flaatten H. The impact of age-related syndromes on ICU process and outcomes in very old patients. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:68. [PMID: 37542186 PMCID: PMC10403479 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we describe the most important age-related "syndromes" found in the old ICU patients. The syndromes are frailty, comorbidity, cognitive decline, malnutrition, sarcopenia, loss of functional autonomy, immunosenescence and inflam-ageing. The underlying geriatric condition, together with the admission diagnosis and the acute severity contribute to the short-term, but also to the long-term prognosis. Besides mortality, functional status and quality of life are major outcome variables. The geriatric assessment is a key tool for long-term qualitative outcome, while immediate severity accounts for acute mortality. A poor functional baseline reduces the chances of a successful outcome following ICU. This review emphasises the importance of using a geriatric assessment and considering the older patient as a whole, rather than the acute illness in isolation, when making decisions regarding intensive care treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vallet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Department of Geriatrics, Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Guidet
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de réanimation, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Ariane Boumendil
- service de réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Dylan W De Lange
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susannah Leaver
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St George's Hospital London, London, England
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine Division, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sigal Sviri
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Beil
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hans Flaatten
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Research and Developement, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Shah S, Famta P, Tiwari V, Kotha AK, Kashikar R, Chougule MB, Chung YH, Steinmetz NF, Uddin M, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Instigation of the epoch of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1870. [PMID: 36410742 PMCID: PMC10182210 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxicity and non-specificity. Immunotherapy, the science of programming the body's own defense system against cancer has gained tremendous attention in the last few decades. However, partial immunogenic stimulation, premature degradation and inability to activate dendritic and helper T cells has resulted in limited clinical success. The era of nanomedicine has brought about several breakthroughs in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Hereby, we review and discuss the interplay of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immunological cascade and how they can be employed to develop nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers and inorganic materials contain useful properties suitable for vaccine development. Proteinaceous vaccines derived from mammalian viruses, bacteriophages and plant viruses also have unique advantages due to their immunomodulation capabilities. This review accounts for all such considerations. Additionally, we explore how attributes of nanotechnology can be utilized to develop successful nanomedicine-based vaccines for cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, INDIA
| | - Arun K Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama Kashikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mahavir Bhupal Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Departments of Bioengineering, NanoEngineering, Radiology, Moores Cancer Center, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohammad Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
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26
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Abstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
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27
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Bleve A, Motta F, Durante B, Pandolfo C, Selmi C, Sica A. Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Frailty: Role of Myeloid Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:123-144. [PMID: 35031957 PMCID: PMC8760106 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is the central regulator of tissue homeostasis, ensuring tissue regeneration and protection against both pathogens and the neoformation of cancer cells. Its proper functioning requires homeostatic properties, which are maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid responses. Aging progressively undermines this ability and compromises the correct activation of immune responses, as well as the resolution of the inflammatory response. A subclinical syndrome of "homeostatic frailty" appears as a distinctive trait of the elderly, which predisposes to immune debilitation and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), causing the uncontrolled development of chronic and degenerative diseases. The innate immune compartment, in particular, undergoes to a sequela of age-dependent functional alterations, encompassing steps of myeloid progenitor differentiation and altered responses to endogenous and exogenous threats. Here, we will review the age-dependent evolution of myeloid populations, as well as their impact on frailty and diseases of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani, via Bovio 6, 2 - 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center- IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Durante
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani, via Bovio 6, 2 - 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Pandolfo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani, via Bovio 6, 2 - 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center- IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani, via Bovio 6, 2 - 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Tomela K, Pietrzak B, Galus Ł, Mackiewicz J, Schmidt M, Mackiewicz AA, Kaczmarek M. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in Melanoma Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050789. [PMID: 36899926 PMCID: PMC10000540 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a subset of immature myeloid cells with suppressive activity well described in the context of cancer. They inhibit anti-tumour immunity, promote metastasis formation and can lead to immune therapy resistance. In a retrospective study, blood probes of 46 advanced melanoma patients were analysed before the first administration of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and in the third month of treatment for MDSC, immature monocytic (ImMC), monocytic MDSC (MoMDSC) and granulocytic MDSC (GrMDSC) by multi-channel flow cytometry. Cell frequencies were correlated with response to immunotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum level. Responders to anti-PD-1 therapy had higher MoMDSC levels (4.1 ± 1.2%) compared to non-responders (3.0 ± 1.2%) (p = 0.0333) before the first administration of anti-PD-1. No significant changes in MDSCs frequencies were observed in the groups of patients before and in the third month of therapy. The cut-off values of MDSCs, MoMDSCs, GrMDSCs and ImMCs for favourable 2- and 3-year PFS were established. Elevated LDH level is a negative prognostic factor of response to the treatment and is related to an elevated ratio of GrMDSCs and ImMCs level compared to patients' LDH level below the cut-off. Our data may provide a new perspective for more careful consideration of MDSCs, and specially MoMDSCs, as a tool for monitoring the immune status of melanoma patients. Changes in MDSC levels may have a potential prognostic value, however a correlation with other parameters must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tomela
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernadeta Pietrzak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Galus
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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29
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Grčević D, Sanjay A, Lorenzo J. Interactions of B-lymphocytes and bone cells in health and disease. Bone 2023; 168:116296. [PMID: 34942359 PMCID: PMC9936888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling occurs through the interactions of three major cell lineages, osteoblasts, which mediate bone formation, osteocytes, which derive from osteoblasts, sense mechanical force and direct bone turnover, and osteoclasts, which mediate bone resorption. However, multiple additional cell types within the bone marrow, including macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes influence the process. The bone marrow microenvironment, which is supported, in part, by bone cells, forms a nurturing network for B lymphopoiesis. In turn, developing B lymphocytes influence bone cells. Bone health during homeostasis depends on the normal interactions of bone cells with other lineages in the bone marrow. In disease state these interactions become pathologic and can cause abnormal function of bone cells and inadequate repair of bone after a fracture. This review summarizes what is known about the development of B lymphocytes and the interactions of B lymphocytes with bone cells in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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30
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Yap J, Irei J, Lozano-Gerona J, Vanapruks S, Bishop T, Boisvert WA. Macrophages in cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:373-385. [PMID: 36627513 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), as a result of thrombosis or vascular occlusion, is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among all cardiovascular diseases. The devastating consequences of MI are compounded by the complexities of cellular functions involved in the initiation and resolution of early-onset inflammation and the longer-term effects related to scar formation. The resultant tissue damage can occur as early as 1 h after MI and activates inflammatory signalling pathways to elicit an immune response. Macrophages are one of the most active cell types during all stages after MI, including the cardioprotective, inflammatory and tissue repair phases. In this Review, we describe the phenotypes of cardiac macrophage involved in MI and their cardioprotective functions. A specific subset of macrophages called resident cardiac macrophages (RCMs) are derived from yolk sac progenitor cells and are maintained as a self-renewing population, although their numbers decrease with age. We explore sophisticated sequencing techniques that demonstrate the cardioprotective properties of this cardiac macrophage phenotype. Furthermore, we discuss the interactions between cardiac macrophages and other important cell types involved in the pathology and resolution of inflammation after MI. We summarize new and promising therapeutic approaches that target macrophage-mediated inflammation and the cardioprotective properties of RCMs after MI. Finally, we discuss future directions for the study of RCMs in MI and cardiovascular health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yap
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jason Irei
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Javier Lozano-Gerona
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Selena Vanapruks
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tianmai Bishop
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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31
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Borgna E, Prochetto E, Gamba JC, Marcipar I, Cabrera G. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 375:117-163. [PMID: 36967151 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is the third largest parasitic disease burden globally. Currently, more than 6 million people are infected, mainly in Latin America, but international migration has turned CD into an emerging health problem in many nonendemic countries. Despite intense research, a vaccine is still not available. A complex parasite life cycle, together with numerous immune system manipulation strategies, may account for the lack of a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine. There is substantial experimental evidence supporting that T. cruzi acute infection generates a strong immunosuppression state that involves numerous immune populations with regulatory/suppressive capacity. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory dendritic cells and B regulatory cells are some of the regulatory populations that have been involved in the acute immune response elicited by the parasite. The fact that, during acute infection, MDSCs increase notably in several organs, such as spleen, liver and heart, together with the observation that depletion of those cells can decrease mouse survival to 0%, strongly suggests that MDSCs play a major role during acute T. cruzi infection. Accumulating evidence gained in different settings supports the capacity of MDSCs to interact with cells from both the effector and the regulatory arms of the immune system, shaping the outcome of the response in a very wide range of scenarios that include pathological and physiological processes. In this sense, the aim of the present review is to describe the main knowledge about MDSCs acquired so far, including several crosstalk with other immune populations, which could be useful to gain insight into their role during T. cruzi infection.
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32
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Xu T, Liu Z, Huang L, Jing J, Liu X. Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment with nanoparticles: A sword for improving the efficiency of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057850. [PMID: 36532066 PMCID: PMC9751906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With encouraging antitumor effects, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint blockade has developed into a mainstream cancer therapeutic modality. However, only a minority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients could benefit from immunotherapy. The main reason is that most OC harbor a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Emerging studies suggest that M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T regulatory cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are enriched in OC. Thus, reversing the suppressive TIME is considered an ideal candidate for improving the efficiency of immunotherapy. Nanoparticles encapsulating immunoregulatory agents can regulate immunocytes and improve the TIME to boost the antitumor immune response. In addition, some nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic and photothermal therapy can directly kill tumor cells and induce tumor immunogenic cell death to activate antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell infiltration. These advantages make nanoparticles promising candidates for modulating the TIME and improving OC immunotherapy. In this review, we analyzed the composition and function of the TIME in OC and summarized the current clinical progress of OC immunotherapy. Then, we expounded on the promising advances in nanomaterial-mediated immunotherapy for modulating the TIME in OC. Finally, we discussed the obstacles and challenges in the clinical translation of this novel combination treatment regimen. We believe this resourceful strategy will open the door to effective immunotherapy of OC and benefit numerous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Jing
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Liu, ; Jing Jing,
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Xu Q, Liu H, Qile M, Wuren T. Dynamic changes in myeloid-derived suppressor cells during the menstrual cycle: A pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:940554. [PMID: 36457573 PMCID: PMC9705596 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.940554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have described the roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in pathological conditions, but relatively few have described them under normal physiological conditions. Accumulation of MDSCs is important creating an anti-inflammation environment, which is essential for fertilized egg implantation. This study was designed to record the dynamic changes in MDSC-like cells composition during the menstrual period (MP) and ovulation period (OP) in healthy volunteers over the course of a single menstrual cycle to explore the association between MDSCs and the menstrual cycle under normal physiological conditions. The ratio of MDSC-like cells was higher in MP samples, whereas the activity of Arg-1 was higher during the OP window. There was a negative correlation between the ratio of MDSC-like cells and the percentage of lymphocytes and a positive correlation between MDSC-like cells and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, regular changes in the ratio and function of MDSC-like cells in the peripheral blood were observed during menstruation, all of which corresponded to the cycle stage. During menstruation, MDSCs may promote endometrial repair, whereas they promote pregnancy during the OP. These findings may help to better understand the pathophysiology of pregnancy-related complications and lay a foundation for improving perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Muge Qile
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Imanishi M, Cheng H, Kotla S, Deswal A, Le NT, Chini E, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Lee LL, Herrmann J, Xu X, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Schadler KL, Yusuf SW, Liao Z, Nurieva R, Amir EAD, Burks JK, Palaskas NL, Cooke JP, Lin SH, Kobayashi M, Yoshimoto M, Abe JI. Radiation therapy induces immunosenescence mediated by p90RSK. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988713. [PMID: 36426217 PMCID: PMC9680092 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) to the chest increases the patients' risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A complete understanding of the mechanisms by which RT induces CVD could lead to specific preventive, therapeutic approaches. It is becoming evident that both genotoxic chemotherapy agents and radiation induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. Notably, one of the common phenotypes observed in cancer survivors is accelerated senescence, and immunosenescence is closely related to both cancer risk and CVD development. Therefore, suppression of immunosenescence can be an ideal target to prevent cancer treatment-induced CVD. However, the mechanism(s) by which cancer treatments induce immunosenescence are incompletely characterized. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and 3 months after RT from 16 thoracic cancer patients. We characterized human immune cell lineages and markers of senescence, DNA damage response (DDR), efferocytosis, and determinants of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP), using mass cytometry (CyTOF). We found that the frequency of the B cell subtype was decreased after RT. Unsupervised clustering of the CyTOF data identified 138 functional subsets of PBMCs. Compared with baseline, RT increased TBX21 (T-bet) expression in the largest B cell subset of Ki67-/DNMT3a+naïve B cells, and T-bet expression was correlated with phosphorylation of p90RSK expression. CD38 expression was also increased in naïve B cells (CD27-) and CD8+ effector memory CD45RA T cells (TEMRA). In vitro, we found the critical role of p90RSK activation in upregulating (1) CD38+/T-bet+ memory and naïve B, and myeloid cells, (2) senescence-associated β-gal staining, and (3) mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) after ionizing radiation (IR). These data suggest the crucial role of p90RSK activation in immunosenescence. The critical role of p90RSK activation in immune cells and T-bet induction in upregulating atherosclerosis formation has been reported. Furthermore, T-bet directly binds to the CD38 promoter region and upregulates CD38 expression. Since both T-bet and CD38 play a significant role in the process of immunosenescence, our data provide a cellular and molecular mechanism that links RT-induced p90RSK activation and the immunosenescence with T-bet and CD38 induction observed in thoracic cancer patients treated by RT and suggests that targeting the p90RSK/T-bet/CD38 pathway could play a role in preventing the radiation-associated CVD and improving cancer prognosis by inhibiting immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Cardio Oncology Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keri L. Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhongxing Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Division of Basic Science, Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jared K. Burks
- Division of Center Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Bizymi N, Matthaiou AM, Matheakakis A, Voulgari I, Aresti N, Zavitsanou K, Karasachinidis A, Mavroudi I, Pontikoglou C, Papadaki HA. New Perspectives on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Emerging Role in Haematology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185326. [PMID: 36142973 PMCID: PMC9504532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature cells of myeloid origin that have gained researchers’ attention, as they constitute promising biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic strategies (i.e., blockage of development, differentiation, depletion, and deactivation) in several conditions, including neoplastic, autoimmune, infective, and inflammatory diseases, as well as pregnancy, obesity, and graft rejection. They are characterised in humans by the typical immunophenotype of CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR–/low and immune-modulating properties leading to decreased T-cell proliferation, induction of T-regulatory cells (T-regs), hindering of natural killer (NK) cell functionality, and macrophage M2-polarisation. The research in the field is challenging, as there are still difficulties in defining cell-surface markers and gating strategies that uniquely identify the different populations of MDSCs, and the currently available functional assays are highly demanding. There is evidence that MDSCs display altered frequency and/or functionality and could be targeted in immune-mediated and malignant haematologic diseases, although there is a large variability of techniques and results between different laboratories. This review presents the current literature concerning MDSCs in a clinical point of view in an attempt to trigger future investigation by serving as a guide to the clinical haematologist in order to apply them in the context of precision medicine as well as the researcher in the field of experimental haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Bizymi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas M. Matthaiou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Voulgari
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Aresti
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina Zavitsanou
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasios Karasachinidis
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Charalampos Pontikoglou
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810394637
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Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
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37
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Lu X, Yang YM, Lu YQ. Immunosenescence: A Critical Factor Associated With Organ Injury After Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917293. [PMID: 35924237 PMCID: PMC9339684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive immune dysfunction associated with aging is known as immunosenescence. The age-related deterioration of immune function is accompanied by chronic inflammation and microenvironment changes. Immunosenescence can affect both innate and acquired immunity. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that affects parenchymal organs, such as the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, liver, urinary system, and central nervous system, according to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA). The initial immune response is characterized by an excess release of inflammatory factors, followed by persistent immune paralysis. Moreover, immunosenescence was found to complement the severity of the immune disorder following sepsis. Furthermore, the immune characteristics associated with sepsis include lymphocytopenia, thymus degeneration, and immunosuppressive cell proliferation, which are very similar to the characteristics of immunosenescence. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of immunosenescence after sepsis and its subsequent effects on the organs may contribute to the development of promising therapeutic strategies. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immunosenescence after sepsis and rigorously analyzes the possible underlying mechanism of action. Based on several recent studies, we summarized the relationship between immunosenescence and sepsis-related organs. We believe that the association between immunosenescence and parenchymal organs might be able to explain the delayed consequences associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Qiang Lu,
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38
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Barakos GP, Hatzimichael E. Microenvironmental Features Driving Immune Evasion in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020033. [PMID: 35735633 PMCID: PMC9221594 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, besides the known functions of hematopoiesis, is an active organ of the immune system, functioning as a sanctuary for several mature immune cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (the bone marrow’s functional unit) are capable of directly sensing and responding to an array of exogenous stimuli. This chronic immune stimulation is harmful to normal hematopoietic stem cells, while essential for the propagation of myeloid diseases, which show a dysregulated immune microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory activity and immune dysfunction, that drive excessive cellular death and through immune evasion assist in cancer cell expansion. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is another example of immune response failure, with features that augment immune evasion and suppression. In this review, we will outline some of the functions of the bone marrow with immunological significance and describe the alterations in the immune landscape of MDS and AML that drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petros Barakos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio”, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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39
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Ntouros PA, Kravvariti E, Vlachogiannis NI, Pappa M, Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Tektonidou MG, Souliotis VL, Sfikakis PP. Oxidative stress and endogenous DNA damage in blood mononuclear cells may predict anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after vaccination in older adults. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166393. [PMID: 35314351 PMCID: PMC8930778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune senescence in the elderly has been associated with chronic oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Herein we tested the hypothesis that increased endogenous DNA damage and oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of older adults associate with diminished humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Increased oxidative stress and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were detected in 9 non-immunocompromised individuals aged 80-96 years compared to 11 adults aged 27-44 years, before, as well as on days 1 and 14 after the first dose, and on day 14 after the second dose of the BNT162B2-mRNA vaccine (all p < 0.05). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced a resolvable increase in oxidative stress and DNA damage, but individual DSB-repair efficiency was unaffected by vaccination irrespective of age, confirming vaccination safety. Individual titers of anti-Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (S-RBD)-IgG antibodies, and the neutralizing capacity of circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, measured on day 14 after the second dose in all participants, correlated inversely with the corresponding pre-vaccination endogenous oxidative stress and DSB levels (all p < 0.05). In particular, a strong inverse correlation of individual pre-vaccination DSB levels with both the respective anti-S-RBD-IgG antibodies titers (r = -0.867) and neutralizing capacity of circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (r = -0.983) among the 9 older adults was evident. These findings suggest that humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may be weaker when immune cells are under oxidative and/or genomic stress. Whether such measurements may serve as biomarkers of vaccine efficacy in older adults warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Ntouros
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Postgraduate Medical Studies in the Physiology of Aging and Geriatric Syndromes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Postgraduate Medical Studies in the Physiology of Aging and Geriatric Syndromes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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40
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Salminen A. Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:697-712. [PMID: 35384505 PMCID: PMC8985067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g., risk for cancers and chronic infections increases, whereas the efficiency of vaccination and immunotherapy declines with aging. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that chronic inflammatory states promote the premature aging process. The inflammation associated with aging or chronic inflammatory conditions stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression which protects tissues from excessive inflammatory injuries but promotes immunosenescence. Immunosuppression is a driving force in tumors and chronic infections and it also induces the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive cells, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and type M2 macrophages, have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chronic infections as well as in the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Interestingly, there is substantial evidence that inflammaging is also associated with an increased immunosuppressive activity, e.g., upregulation of immunosuppressive cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Given that both the aging and chronic inflammatory states involve the activation of immunosuppression and immunosenescence, this might explain why aging is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory states and conversely, chronic inflammatory insults promote the premature aging process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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41
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Fang H, Deng Z, Liu J, Chen S, Deng Z, Li W. The Mechanism of Bone Remodeling After Bone Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:405-415. [PMID: 35411139 PMCID: PMC8994557 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s349604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence mainly manifests as a series of degenerative changes in the morphological structure and function of the body. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease characterized by destruction of bone microstructure, low bone mineral content, decreased bone strength, and increased brittleness and fracture susceptibility. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are the main cellular components of bones. However, in the process of aging, due to various self or environmental factors, the body’s function and metabolism are disordered, and osteoporosis will appear in the bones. Here, we summarize the mechanism of aging, and focus on the impact of aging on bone remodeling homeostasis, including the mechanism of ion channels on bone remodeling. Finally, we summarized the current clinical medications, targets and defects for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankun Fang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenhan Deng, Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13928440786, Fax +86 755-83366388, Email
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Wencui Li, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13923750767, Email
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Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: From bench to bedside. Life Sci 2022; 297:120466. [PMID: 35271882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can present tumoral antigens to T-cells and stimulate T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. In addition to uptaking, processing, and presenting tumoral antigens to T-cells, co-stimulatory signals have to be established between DCs with T-cells to develop anti-tumoral immune responses. However, most of the tumor-infiltrated immune cells are immunosuppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for immune evasion of tumor cells. This immunosuppressive TME has also been implicated in suppressing the DC-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, as well. Various factors, i.e., immunoregulatory cells, metabolic factors, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, have been implicated in developing the immunosuppressive TME. Herein, we aimed to review the biology of DCs in developing T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, the significance of immunoregulatory cells in the TME, metabolic barriers contributing to DCs dysfunction in the TME, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in DC-based cell therapy outcomes. With reviewing the ongoing clinical trials, we also proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the efficacy of DC-based cell therapy. Indeed, the combination of DC-based cell therapy with monoclonal antibodies against novel immune checkpoint molecules can be a promising strategy to increase the response rate of patients with cancers.
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Matsumoto K, Tamiya A, Inagaki Y, Taniguchi Y, Matsuda Y, Kawachi H, Tamiya M, Tanizaki S, Uchida J, Ueno K, Yanase T, Suzuki H, Atagi S. Efficacy and safety of ramucirumab plus docetaxel in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Geriatr Oncol 2022; 13:207-213. [PMID: 34602370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ramucirumab (RAM) plus Docetaxel (DOC) is one of the standard treatments after first-line treatment failure in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of RAM plus DOC in older patients. We aimed to clarify these and elucidate the prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, conducted at four medical facilities in Japan, we evaluated the efficacy and safety data for two groups (<65 and ≥ 65 years). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to reveal the prognostic factors for better PFS and OS. Patient characteristics and adverse events (AEs) in both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney's U and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 237 patients were included, of whom 43% (n = 103), and 57% (n = 134) were aged <65, and ≥ 65 years. Median OS was 12.2 (95% CI: 9.4-15.0), and 14.8 months (95% CI: 10.8-18.8), respectively, and there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.534). Multivariate analysis identified DOC dose reduction (none vs performed, HR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.62-4.35, p < 0.001) as an independent prognostic factor for OS in older patients, and a similar result was shown for the PFS. Grade ≥ 3 all AEs were identified in 42.7% and 56.7% of younger and older patients, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.033); however, the difference between the groups disappeared with primary DOC dose reduction (p = 0.526). CONCLUSION The efficacy of RAM plus DOC administration in older, pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC was comparable to those of younger patients, whereas RAM plus DOC should be cautiously administered to older patients because of severe toxicity. Moreover, appropriate DOC dose reduction may be recommended for increased survival benefit and safety in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tamiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Matsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Mandai Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Mandai Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Ueno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Mandai Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yanase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Disease, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka 583-8588, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Disease, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka 583-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Atagi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
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Wallis ZK, Williams KC. Monocytes in HIV and SIV Infection and Aging: Implications for Inflamm-Aging and Accelerated Aging. Viruses 2022; 14:409. [PMID: 35216002 PMCID: PMC8880456 DOI: 10.3390/v14020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, people living with HIV (PLWH) experienced complications due to AIDS more so than aging. With ART and the extended lifespan of PLWH, HIV comorbidities also include aging-most likely due to accelerated aging-as well as a cardiovascular, neurocognitive disorders, lung and kidney disease, and malignancies. The broad evidence suggests that HIV with ART is associated with accentuated aging, and that the age-related comorbidities occur earlier, due in part to chronic immune activation, co-infections, and possibly the effects of ART alone. Normally the immune system undergoes alterations of lymphocyte and monocyte populations with aging, that include diminished naïve T- and B-lymphocyte numbers, a reliance on memory lymphocytes, and a skewed production of myeloid cells leading to age-related inflammation, termed "inflamm-aging". Specifically, absolute numbers and relative proportions of monocytes and monocyte subpopulations are skewed with age along with myeloid mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, an increase in biomarkers of myeloid activation (IL-6, sCD14, and sCD163) occurs with chronic HIV infection and with age, and may contribute to immunosenescence. Chronic HIV infection accelerates aging; meanwhile, ART treatment may slow age-related acceleration, but is not sufficient to stop aging or age-related comorbidities. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind accentuated aging with HIV and the effects of myeloid activation and turnover is needed for future therapies.
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King RJ, Shukla SK, He C, Vernucci E, Thakur R, Attri KS, Dasgupta A, Chaika NV, Mulder SE, Abrego J, Murthy D, Gunda V, Pacheco CG, Grandgenett PM, Lazenby AJ, Hollingsworth MA, Yu F, Mehla K, Singh PK. CD73 induces GM-CSF/MDSC-mediated suppression of T cells to accelerate pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Oncogene 2022; 41:971-982. [PMID: 35001076 PMCID: PMC8840971 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations regulate cancer aggressiveness and immune responses. Given the poor response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to conventional immunotherapies, we investigated the link between metabolic alterations and immunosuppression. Our metabolic enzyme screen indicated that elevated expression of CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates adenosine, correlates with increased aggressiveness. Correspondingly, we observed increased interstitial adenosine levels in tumors from spontaneous PDAC mouse models. Diminishing CD73 by genetic manipulations ablated in vivo tumor growth, and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in orthotopic mouse models of PDAC. A high-throughput cytokine profiling demonstrated decreased GM-CSF in mice implanted with CD73 knockdowns. Furthermore, we noted increased IFN-γ expression by intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in pancreatic tumors with CD73 knockdowns. Depletion of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells abrogated the beneficial effects of decreased CD73. We also observed that splenic MDSCs from Nt5e knockdown tumor-bearing mice were incompetent in suppressing T cell activation in the ex vivo assays. Replenishing GM-CSF restored tumor growth in Nt5e knockout tumors, which was reverted by MDSC depletion. Finally, anti-CD73 antibody treatment significantly improved gemcitabine efficacy in orthotopic models. Thus, targeting the adenosine axis presents a novel therapeutic opportunity for improving the anti-tumoral immune response against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. King
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Surendra K. Shukla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Chunbo He
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Enza Vernucci
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Ravi Thakur
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Kuldeep S. Attri
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Nina V. Chaika
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Scott E. Mulder
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Jaime Abrego
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Divya Murthy
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Venugopal Gunda
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Camila G. Pacheco
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Audrey J. Lazenby
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
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Witkowski JM. Immune system aging and the aging-related diseases in the COVIID-19 era. Immunol Lett 2022; 243:19-27. [PMID: 35108570 PMCID: PMC8801734 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the process of aging, and specifically in how aging affects the working of our immune system, has recently enormously grown among both specialists (immunologists and gerontologists) and representatives of other disciplines of health sciences. An obvious reason for this interest is the current pandemics of COVID-19, known to affect the elderly more than younger people. In this paper current knowledge about mechanisms and complex facets of human immune system aging is presented, stemming from the knowledge about the working of various parts of the immune system, and leading to understanding of immunological mechanisms of chronic, inflammatory, aging-related diseases and of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent an innate immune cell population comprised of immature myeloid cells and myeloid progenitors with very potent immunosuppressive potential. MDSCs are reported to be abundant in the lungs of active tuberculosis (TB) patients. We sought to perform an in-depth study of MDSCs during latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB (ATB) using the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of pulmonary TB. We found a higher proportion of granulocytic, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in the lungs of ATB animals compared to those with LTBI or naive control animals. Active disease in the lung, but not LTBI, was furthermore associated with higher proliferation, expansion, and immunosuppressive capabilities of PMN-MDSCs, as shown by enhanced expression of Ki67, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs specifically localized to the lymphocytic cuff at the periphery of the granulomas in animals with ATB. Conversely, these cells were scarcely distributed in interstitial lung tissue and the inner core of granulomas. This spatial regulation suggests an important immunomodulatory role of PMN-MDSCs by restricting T cell access to the TB granuloma core and can potentially explain dysfunctional anti-TB responses in active granuloma. Our results raise the possibility that the presence of MDSCs can serve as a biomarker for ATB, while their disappearance can indicate successful therapy. Furthermore, MDSCs may serve as a potential target cell for adjunctive TB therapy.
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Visram A, Kourelis TV. Aging-associated immune system changes in multiple myeloma: The dark side of the moon. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100494. [PMID: 34837796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of the elderly. Changes that occur in the immune system with aging, also known as immunosenescence, have been associated with decreased tumor immunosurveillance and are thought to contribute to the development of MM and other cancers in the elderly. Once MM establishes itself in the bone marrow, immunosenescence related changes have been observed in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) and are driven by the malignant cells. The efficacy of novel immunotherapies used to treat MM has been blunted by detrimental iTME changes that occur at later disease stages and are, to some extent, driven by prior therapies. In this review, we discuss general changes that occur in the immune system with aging as well as our current knowledge of immunosenescence in MM. We discuss the differences and overlap between T cell senescence and exhaustion as well as potential methods to prevent or reverse immunosenescence. We focus predominantly on T cell immunosenescence which has been better evaluated in this disease and is more pertinent to novel MM immunotherapies. Our lack of understanding of the drivers of immunosenescence at each stage of the disease, from precursor stages to heavily pretreated MM, represents a major barrier to improving the efficacy of novel and existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Visram
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taxiarchis V Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States.
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Banerjee P, Kotla S, Reddy Velatooru L, Abe RJ, Davis EA, Cooke JP, Schadler K, Deswal A, Herrmann J, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as a Hinge Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:763930. [PMID: 34746270 PMCID: PMC8563837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.763930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping risks for cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the two leading causes of mortality worldwide, suggest a shared biology between these diseases. The role of senescence in the development of cancer and CVD has been established. However, its role as the intersection between these diseases remains unclear. Senescence was originally characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest after a high number of divisions, namely replicative senescence (RS). However, it is becoming clear that senescence can also be instigated by cellular stress, so-called stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Telomere shortening is a hallmark of RS. The contribution of telomere DNA damage and subsequent DNA damage response/repair to SIPS has also been suggested. Although cellular senescence can mediate cell cycle arrest, senescent cells can also remain metabolically active and secrete cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The involvement of SASP in both cancer and CVD has been established. In patients with cancer or CVD, SASP is induced by various stressors including cancer treatments, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS. Therefore, SASP can be the intersection between cancer and CVD. Importantly, the conventional concept of senescence as the mediator of cell cycle arrest has been challenged, as it was recently reported that chemotherapy-induced senescence can reprogram senescent cancer cells to acquire “stemness” (SAS: senescence-associated stemness). SAS allows senescent cancer cells to escape cell cycle arrest with strongly enhanced clonogenic growth capacity. SAS supports senescent cells to promote both cancer and CVD, particularly in highly stressful conditions such as cancer treatments, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As therapeutic advances have increased overlapping risk factors for cancer and CVD, to further understand their interaction may provide better prevention, earlier detection, and safer treatment. Thus, it is critical to study the mechanisms by which these senescence pathways (SAS/SASP) are induced and regulated in both cancer and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Loka Reddy Velatooru
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rei J Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
As the global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to cause higher mortality and hospitalization rates among older adults, strategies such as frailty screening have been suggested for resource allocation and clinical management. Frailty is a physiologic condition characterized by a decreased reserve to stressors and is associated with disability, hospitalization, and death. Measuring frailty can be a useful tool to determine the risk and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in the acute setting, and to provide higher quality of care for vulnerable individuals in the outpatient setting. A literature review was conducted to examine current research regarding frailty and COVID-19. Frailty can inform holistic care of COVID-19 patients, and further investigation is needed to elucidate how measuring frailty should guide treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Lee
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX
| | - William H. Frishman
- Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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