1
|
Iktilat K, Isacson M, Tzemah-Shahar R, Agmon M. The link between exposure to violence and psychological distress among middle-aged Muslims in Israel: the role of gender. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1382053. [PMID: 38903569 PMCID: PMC11188443 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1382053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To date, it is still unclear if exposure to violence affects psychological distress in middle-aged adults and if the effects are gender specific. This age group is of special interest as it is at the onset of the aging process and is often overlooked or understudied in scholarly research. Specifically, targeted research on middle-aged Muslims living in Israel, a unique population exposed to increasing violence, is lacking. Methods We examined the relationship between exposure to violence and psychological distress in a cohort of 363 middle-aged adults (223 women) from three Muslim villages in northern Israel, collecting data on violence exposure (Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (SAVE) questionnaire), psychological distress (Kessler 6 Psychological Distress questionnaire), and other demographic characteristics including education level and socioeconomic status. We used this data to answer two questions: (1) is exposure to violence a predictor of psychological distress in middle-aged Muslims, and (2) does the relationship between exposure and distress differ between men and women? Results We revealed a positive link between exposure to violence and psychological distress (β = 0.145, p = 0.017) when controlling for gender, age, education level, and socioeconomic level. Discussion Despite previous evidence of gender-based differences in this interplay in younger cohorts, we did not find a significant interaction between gender and the violence exposure-psychological distress interplay. Our findings are some of the first to focus on middle-aged individuals and show that both men and women exhibit connections between exposure to violence and psychological distress when considering covariates. This research provides insights that can be used when planning community-wide interventions and treatment schemes to support healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Iktilat
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Ramat Gan Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Roy Tzemah-Shahar
- The Cheryl Spencer Institute for Nursing Research, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maayan Agmon
- The Cheryl Spencer Institute for Nursing Research, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among national community-based adult populations in Nauru, Tukelau and Tuvalu. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:437-444. [PMID: 38054448 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231212978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress (PD) in three small Pacific Island countries. METHOD National cross-sectional data (pooled sample N = 3,088, 18-69 years) of participants from the STEPS surveys in Nauru (2015/16; N = 1382), Tukelau (2014; N = 554) and Tuvalu (2015; N = 1152) were analysed. RESULTS In the pooled sample 30.4% participants had PD (⩾20 scores), 18.1% mild (20-24 scores), 7.8% moderate (25-29 scores) and 4.4% severe (30-50 scores) PD. The prevalence of PD in Nauru was 41.5%, in Tukelau 5.0% and in Tuvalu 22.7%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis with the pooled sample, younger age (18-39 years), alcohol family problems, heart attack/stroke, current smoking, high salt intake and high sedentary behaviour were positively associated with PD, while male sex and being from Tukelau and Tuvalu were negatively associated with PD. CONCLUSION Almost one in three participants reported PD and several associated factors were found that can be targeted in population interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collins JC, Ng R, McMillan SS, Hu J, O’Reilly CL, Wheeler AJ, El-Den S. Psychological distress in community-dwelling individuals living with severe and persistent mental illness. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1327-1334. [PMID: 36938949 PMCID: PMC10523820 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore psychological distress levels, using the validated Kessler 6 (K6), as well as the relationship between demographics and K6 scores, and incidence of mental health crises in a cohort of community-dwelling people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). METHODS People living with SPMI taking antipsychotic or mood stabiliser medications were recruited from Australian community pharmacies between September 2020 and Februrary 2021 and completed an electronic survey, including the K6 scale. Pharmacists were interviewed and supplied written reports with details of the consultation when participants obtained 'very high' (⩾19/30) K6 scores. Records were reviewed and coded by an independent coder. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine predictors of K6 scores. RESULTS The median K6 score was 16/30 (IQR = 11,21; range = 6-30). Younger age, unemployment and multimorbid mental health diagnoses were significant predictors of higher K6 scores (p < .01; R2 = .24). Fifty-nine (39.3%) consumers scored ⩾19, of which 25/59 (42.4%) were reported to be exhibiting signs of psychological distress and none were experiencing mental health crises. CONCLUSION People living with SPMI have high levels of psychological distress as measured by the K6. Further work is needed to understand the prevalence, extent, precipitating factors and impact of psychological distress in people living with SPMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Collins
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricki Ng
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara S McMillan
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jie Hu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire L O’Reilly
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sriramalu SB, Elangovan AR, Annapally SR, Birudu R, Lakshmana G. Psychological distress and quality of community life among migratory construction workers in India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:533-540. [PMID: 37692797 PMCID: PMC10483212 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_42_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study are to elicit sociodemographic details, assess the level of psychological distress, and measure the quality of community life (QoCL) of migratory construction workers. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional research design and survey method of sampling was followed. The semi-structured interview schedule, self-reporting questionnaire, and QoCL scale were used as measures for the study. Results Out of 75 respondents, 37 (49.3%) did not have formal education, 38 (50.7%) have migrated for less than a month duration, 33 (44.0%) respondents migrated with their families. The mean age of respondents was 32.03 ± 9.82 years. About 48 (64.0%) were identified as potential respondents for psychosocial care and female respondents (M = 12.90 ± 4.03, t = -3.03, P < 0.003) have higher distress than males (M = 9.50 ± 4.56, t = -3.03, P < 0.003) ones. Overall, QoCL indicated a below moderate (59.08 ± 8.31) level. Conclusion The distress was high and QoCL indicated a below moderate level. Intersectoral and community mental health services were required to enhance QoCL and reduce distress among migratory construction workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Babu Sriramalu
- Jindal School of Psychology and Counselling, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Aravind Raj Elangovan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sadananda Reddy Annapally
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences/Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Birudu
- Department of Social Work, CMR University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Govindappa Lakshmana
- Department of Social Work, Central University of Karnataka, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karam JM, Fekih-Romdhane F, Fawaz M, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Hallit S. The moderating effect of emotion regulation in the association between social support and religiosity and psychological distress in adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:120. [PMID: 37069666 PMCID: PMC10108791 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanese adults face daily obstacles due to their numerous responsibilities and non-ending external pressures to the extent that Lebanon has been ranked second among highest negative experiences countries worldwide. A sparse number of international studies showed that positive social support, religiosity and cognitive reappraisal would decrease psychological distress, but none in Lebanon. This study aimed to evaluate the association between social support, religiosity and psychological distress among Lebanese adults, taking into consideration the moderating role of emotion regulation. METHODS 387 adult participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study between May and July 2022. Participants were chosen from five different governorates in Lebanon, using the snowball sampling technique, and were asked to complete a structured questionnaire, which included the following scales: the Mature Religiosity Scale, the Emotional Regulation Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS The interaction social support by cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with psychological distress; at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and low levels of expressive suppression, higher social support (Beta = - 0.07; p = .007) was significantly associated with lower psychological distress. The same was found at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and moderate levels of expressive suppression (Beta = - 0.08; p = .021). Social support alone was not significantly associated with psychological distress in the model (Beta = 0.15; t = 1.04; p = .300; 95% CI - 0.14; 0.44). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study has provided evidence that the adequate use of emotional regulation skills such as high level of cognitive reappraisal and low level of expressive suppression with presence of social support would remarkably decrease psychological distress. This result casts a new light on clinical approaches to tackle this association between the emotional regulation of a patient in interpersonal psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tareek Al Jadida, Afeef Al Tiba, Beirut, 1105, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, P.O. Box: 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Measuring distress in older population: Rasch analysis of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:117-124. [PMID: 36863471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a widely applied distress measure; however, its psychometric properties were not established with older populations using advanced methodology. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the K-10 through application of Rasch methodology and if possible, develop an ordinal-to-interval conversion to improve its reliability in older populations. METHOD The Partial Credit Rasch Model was applied to analyse K-10 scores of the sample including 490 participants (56.3 % females) aged 70 to 90 years and without dementia from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS). RESULTS The initial analysis of the K-10 showed poor reliability and significant deviation from the expectations of the Rasch model. The best model fit was evident after correcting disordered thresholds and creating two testlet models to address local dependency between items (χ2(35) = 29.87, p = 0.71). The modified K-10 demonstrated strict unidimensionality, enhanced reliability and scale invariance across personal factors, such as sex, age, and education and permitted development of ordinal-to-interval transformation algorithms. LIMITATIONS Ordinal-to-interval conversion can only be applied for older adults with complete data. CONCLUSIONS The K-10 satisfied principles of fundamental measurement defined by Rasch model after minor modifications. Clinicians and researchers can transform K-10 raw scores into interval-level data using converging algorithms published here without altering the original scale response format, which increases reliability of the K-10.
Collapse
|
7
|
Greenblatt-Kimron L, Kagan M, Zychlinski E. Meaning in Life among Older Adults: An Integrative Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416762. [PMID: 36554641 PMCID: PMC9779067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Meaning in life (MIL) among older adults has a significant physical and mental health impact. This study aimed to present an integrative model of factors that contribute to variability in MIL among older adults, including background characteristics (gender, age, employment status, religiosity), personality characteristics (locus of control, self-efficacy, optimism), and psycho-social factors (psychological distress and loneliness). Participants (751 older adults, Mage = 72.27, SD = 6.28; 446 female, 305 male) responded to a questionnaire in-person or online. Measures included: demographic variables, Short Scale for the Assessment of Locus of Control, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Hughes Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness. Hierarchical regression revealed that younger and religious older adults reported higher MIL levels than older and non-religious older adults. Internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and higher optimism were linked to higher MIL levels. Higher psychological distress and loneliness were associated with lower MIL levels, with psychological distress contributing the most of all variables in the study model to explain the variance in MIL among older adults. Employed older old adults reported lower MIL levels than those unemployed. The study emphasizes the importance of an integrative approach in the examination of MIL among older adults.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liao B, Xu D, Tan Y, Chen X, Cai S. Association of mental distress with chronic diseases in 1.9 million individuals: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111040. [PMID: 36137487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental distress has a high global prevalence and is associated with poor health outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between mental distress and the risk of 10 chronic diseases using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 BRFSS were analyzed. The association between mental distress based on the number of days of poor mental health and the risk of 10 chronic diseases, namely obesity, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis, kidney disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, skin cancer, and other cancers, were assessed by logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were also conducted. RESULTS Positive associations between mental distress and chronic diseases were observed. We also found a dose-response gradient between mental distress levels and the risk of all chronic diseases except skin cancer. In respondents aged 18-44 years reporting ≥23 days/month of mental distress, there has the largest odds ratio between mental distress levels and each chronic disease. Moreover, mental distress was associated with higher risks of obesity and arthritis in women relative to men. CONCLUSIONS Mental distress was positively associated with chronic diseases. Age and sex are crucial in this relationship. Further studies with longitudinal data are needed to clarify the direction of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liao
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nursing, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Chikan District, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dali Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingyao Tan
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Cai
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Siddiqui ZA, Sambamoorthi U. Psychological Distress Among Asian Indians and Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. Health Equity 2022; 6:516-526. [PMID: 36186615 PMCID: PMC9518809 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of psychological distress (PD) among Asian Indians is unknown. This study estimated and compared moderate–serious PD in Asian Indians and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) in the United States. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design using the National Health Interview Survey (2012–2017). Adult (age >18 years) NHWs and Asian Indians (N=2,218) were included. PD was measured using the six-item Kessler (K6) scale. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association of Asian Indian ethnicity with PD. Results: In the analysis, 19.9% of NHWs and 11.0% of Asian Indians reported moderate–serious PD. Asian Indians were less likely to report PD in both unadjusted (unadjusted odds ratio=0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.42–0.58) and fully adjusted (adjusted odds ratio=0.7; 95% CI 0.59–0.82) models. Conclusions: Asian Indians had a lower prevalence of PD than NHWs, likely due to multiple protective factors such as high socioeconomic status and lower multimorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zasim Azhar Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naisanga M, SekaggyaWiltshire C, Muhwezi WW, Musaazi J, Akena D. Prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress among patients on warfarin at the Uganda Heart Institute, Mulago Hospital. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:349. [PMID: 35596217 PMCID: PMC9123720 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and are significantly associated with multiple comorbid disorders including mental disorders such as psychological distress (PD). At increased risk of PD are CVD patient sub-categories that not only require chronic therapy but also need follow up with continuous blood tests and dose adjustments (like the patients on warfarin). However, not much has been done to ascertain the burden of PD among patients on warfarin in Uganda. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and factors associated with PD among patients on anticoagulation with warfarin at the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI). METHODS In this analytical cross-sectional study, 197 participants were sampled from adults on warfarin attending the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI) out patient clinic. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), a tool with a total maximum score of 20 and cutoff for PD at ≥6 was used to determine the presence of PD among participants, and a socio-demographic questionnaire to document the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects. Additional questions including the underlying CVD diagnosis, medications used (besides warfarin) and presence of chronic illnesess were also assessed. Bi-variable and multi-variabe logistic regression analysis techniques were used to examine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. RESULTS The prevalence of PD was 32%. The unemployed participants were 4.5 times more likely to have PD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]4.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-18.62, p = 0.04). Participants who had experienced social stressors were more likely to have PD (aOR: 11.38, CI: 3.60-36.04, p < 0.01). Other factors associated with a higher likelihood of having PD included: presence of other chronic comorbidities (aOR: 3.69, CI: 1.24-11.02, p = 0.02) and concomitant use of loop diuretics (aOR: 4.13, CI: 1.67-10.19,p < 0.01). A shorter length of time on warfarin (7-24 months) lowered the likelihood of PD (aOR: 0.23, CI: 0.07-0.74, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of PD was high among patients on warfarin in this low income setting and there is a need to characterize the specific psychiatric disorders in patients with CVD. Interventions that address the high burden of PD are urgently needed in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Musaazi
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Infectious Disease Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickens Akena
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lanzoni L, Brivio E, Oliveri S, Guiddi P, Chichua M, Mazzocco K, Pravettoni G. The Burden of the Pain: Adverse Mental Health Outcomes of COVID-19 in Women With and Without Cancer. Front Psychol 2022; 13:772128. [PMID: 35450337 PMCID: PMC9016181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative psychological impact on the population at scale, yet it is possible that vulnerable patient populations may experience a heavier burden with increased feelings of anxiety and distress. Cancer patients have to trade-off between the fear of exposing themselves to the virus and the need to continue life-saving medical procedures. The present study investigated the prevalence of generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in a population of Italian cancer patients and healthy participants in the months following the COVID-19 outbreak. Using standardized measures of PTSS (impact of event scale revised; IES-R) and generalized anxiety (generalized anxiety scale; GAD-7), we found that patients experienced higher levels of adverse mental health outcomes. Several variables were found to negatively affect PTSS and anxiety in this population, including the younger age of respondents, having children, and the impossibility to attend regular medical check-ups. These findings stress the importance of maintaining a clear and regular communication with patients throughout future waves of the pandemic and ensure continuity of care in this vulnerable population. Furthermore, this study indicates the need to establish psychological interventions aimed at patients with cancer, targeting especially younger generations who are more likely to experience adverse psychological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Lanzoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brivio
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Oliveri
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Guiddi
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariam Chichua
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Pychological Science, Istituto Europeo d'Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gardiner F, Middleton J, Perera S, Gunner M, Churilov L, Coleman M, Poole L. Cohort study comparison of Mental Health and Wellbeing Services delivered by The Royal Flying Doctor Service, across Far North and Central West Queensland. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 21:100385. [PMID: 35540562 PMCID: PMC9079348 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding cultural differences between geographical regions is essential in delivering culturally appropriate healthcare. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of diverse clients using the Far North Mental Health and Wellbeing Service (FNS) and the Central West Health and Wellbeing Service (CWS). Methods We conducted a cohort study within Queensland, Australia, on all clients who received a mental health therapy session at either the FNS or the CWS. Patient data was prospective data collected form July 2019 to December 2020. Findings There were1202 clients, with a median number of individual contacts per-client of 3.0 (IQR 2.0-6.0). There was 428 (35.6% 95% CI 32.90-38.39) males and 772 (64.2% 95% CI 61.44-66.94) females with a median age across the genders of 38.0 (IQR 28.0-51.0). There was 505 (42.0% 95% CI 39.20-44.86) identifying as Indigenous and 697 (58.0% 95% CI 55.14-60.80) as non-Indigenous Australians. The FNS had a significantly higher proportion of Indigenous clients (n=484; 54.8% 95% CI 51.46-58.13) as compared to the CWS (n=21; 6.6% 95% CI 4.12-9.89). Of the 1202 clients, 946 (78.7% 95% CI 76.28-80.99) had a socio-economic classification of ‘most disadvantaged’, consisting of 740 (83.8%) clients from the FNS and 206 (64.6%) clients from the CWS. The majority of presentations were for neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (n=568; 47.3%), followed by mood affective disorders (n=310; 25.8%). The overall number of treatments strategies employed was 10798, equalling a median of 6.0 (IQR 4.0-9.0) strategies per-client, with the leading strategies being counselling/psychosocial (n=1394; 12.9%), reflective listening (n=1191; 11.0%), and strengths based reasoning (n=1116; 10.3%). There were 511 (42.5%) clients who completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10/K5), with 493 (41.0%) clients not offered as deemed not culturally appropriate by the treating team. The mean initial K10/K5 score was 23.7 (SD 9.4) which significantly decreased (p<0.001) to 18.0 (SD 10.0) at final consultation. Interpretation This study highlighted client socioeconomic differences between two geographically remote mental health services. It is essential that services are regionally co-designed to ensure cultural appropriateness. Funding No funding to declare.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsai FY, Schillok H, Coenen M, Merkel C, Jung-Sievers C. The Well-Being of the German Adult Population Measured with the WHO-5 over Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063236. [PMID: 35328923 PMCID: PMC8955618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the subjective well-being (SWB) and suspected depression measured with WHO-5 among German adults during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were analyzed from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which collected data from 972, 1013, and 973 participants in time point 1 (19–20 May 2020), time point 2 (15–16 September 2020), and time point 3 (21–22 December 2020), respectively. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses to identify the factors associated with suspected depression (WHO-5 ≤ 50) were conducted. Data showed that the mean WHO-5 scores in three time points were 56.17, 57.27, and 53.93, respectively. The risk of suspected depression was increased by about 1.5 times for females, 2.5–3 times among 18–24 year-olds compared to ages above 65 years, 1.5 times for singles, 2 times for those with chronic illnesses, and 2–3 times for people living in poverty. The main study findings show that German adult SWB is lower than pre-pandemic reference values. Special focus should be placed on vulnerable groups, such as females, younger persons, and people living in poverty who are most prone to a reduction in SWB and therefore suspected depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Tsai
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Schillok
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Merkel
- Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), Maar-Weg 149-161, 50825 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Measuring psychological distress using the K10 in Kenya. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:155-160. [PMID: 35151672 PMCID: PMC7612413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) is a brief screening tool that assesses psychological distress in both clinical and epidemiological settings. Despite wide applicability of the K10 globally, there are no data on psychometric properties of the K10 in Kenya. This study investigated the reliability, factor structure, and construct validity of the K10 as a measure of psychological distress among adults in Kenya. METHODS A total of 2556 adults attending 11 outpatient clinics in the western and coastal regions of Kenya without a history or clinical diagnosis of psychotic disorders were included. Data were collected on demographic characteristics of the participants and the K10. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity and factor structures of the K10 were evaluated using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approaches. RESULTS The mean K10 score was 3.4 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.85, indicating good internal consistency (reliability). EFA resulted in a two-factor solution that accounted for 67.6% of variance. CFA results indicated that a unidimensional model with correlated errors best fit the data. LIMITATIONS The K10 was only administered to a control group of our study population, which had low levels of psychological distress. CONCLUSION The K10 has good construct validity and reliability for use as a broad measure of psychological distress in Kenyan adults and may be useful in general medical setting to assess anxiety and depressive disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Magarini FM, Pinelli M, Sinisi A, Ferrari S, De Fazio GL, Galeazzi GM. Irrational Beliefs about COVID-19: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9839. [PMID: 34639241 PMCID: PMC8508358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the recent Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, there has been a parallel spread of false and misleading information, known as an infodemic. The COVID-19 infodemic has induced distrust in scientific communities, governments, institutions and the population, and a confidence crisis that has led to harmful health behaviours, also impacting on mental health. The aim of this study is to provide a scoping review of the scientific literature about COVID-19-related misinformation and conspiracy theories, focusing on the construction of a conceptual framework which is useful for the interpretation of the conspiracy theory phenomenon surrounding COVID-19, and its consequences. Particular socio-environmental conditions (i.e., low educational level, younger age), psychological processes and attitudes (such as low levels of epistemic trust, the avoidance of uncertainty, extraversion, collective narcissism, and a conspiracy-prone mindset), and contextual factors (e.g., high levels of self-perceived risk and anxiety) seem to underpin the adherence to beliefs that are not solely the domain of paranoids and extremists but a widespread phenomenon that has caused important health, social and political consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maria Magarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.M.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Margherita Pinelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.M.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Arianna Sinisi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.M.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.M.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (S.F.)
- Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 7, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.M.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (S.F.)
- Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 7, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tong H, Lung Y, Lin SL, Kobayashi KM, Davison KM, Agbeyaka S, Fuller-Thomson E. Refugee status is associated with double the odds of psychological distress in mid-to-late life: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:747-760. [PMID: 33176526 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020971003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics. Psychological distress was measured by Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 scores. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher among the 244 refugees (23.8%), compared to 23,149 Canadian-born Canadians (12.8%) and 4,765 non-refugee immigrants (12.6%), despite the fact that the average time the refugees had lived in Canada was more than four decades. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated refugees had twice the age-sex adjusted odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.07). Even after further adjustment for 16 potential risk factors, a significant relationship remained between refugee status and psychological distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.17). Other significant factors associated with psychological distress included younger age, female gender, visible minority status, lower household income, not having an undergraduate degree, multimorbidities, chronic pain, and lack of social support. Policies and interventions addressing psychological distress among Canadians in mid- to later life should target refugees and other vulnerable groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Lung
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen M Davison
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University and University of Hawai'I, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among a national population-based sample of adults in Solomon Islands. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:687-695. [PMID: 33148084 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020969757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is an undersearched cause of poorer health in the Pacific island countries. AIMS The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress in a population-based survey among 18-69 year-old persons in Solomon Islands. METHOD Cross-sectional nationally representative data of 2,533 18-69 year-old persons (38 years were the median age) from the 2015 Solomon Islands STEPS survey were analysed. RESULTS The results indicate that 18.9% of participants had psychological distress (⩾20 scores), 13.4% had mild (20-24 scores), 4.3% moderate (25-29 scores) and 1.1% severe (30-50 scores) psychological distress. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, being divorced, separated, or widowed (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.60-4.78), having had a heart attack or stroke (AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: 2.23-4.99), alcohol dependence (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04-2.84), and sedentary behaviour (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.28-2.84), were positively and the consumption of 3-4 servings of fruit and vegetables (AOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.92), were negatively associated with psychological distress (⩾20 scores). In addition, in a sex stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis among men, current smokeless tobacco use (AOR: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.66-14.75), was associated with psychological distress. Furthermore, in the overall unadjusted analysis, stop smoking attempts in the past 12 months and consumption of too much salt was associated with psychological distress. CONCLUSION Almost one in five participants were reported psychological distress and several factors were detected which could be targeted in intervention activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orte C, Sánchez-Prieto L, Domínguez DC, Barrientos-Báez A. Evaluation of Distress and Risk Perception Associated with COVID-19 in Vulnerable Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9207. [PMID: 33317128 PMCID: PMC7764329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preventive behavior developed by the population is essential in the face of the risk of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). However, preventive measures will depend on the risk perception acquired. In addition, lockdown can directly affect mental health, provoking distress. Distress could affect risk perception. This study's objective was to analyze whether experiencing distress had an influence on risk perception with respect to vulnerable groups. The sample consisted of 806 participants. The study was conducted during the first week of lockdown declared by the Spanish Government. The Brief Symptom Inventory BSI-18 and a risk perception questionnaire about vulnerable groups was administered. The study revealed the appearance of distress in 9.6% of the sample (85.7% women). Experiencing distress influenced risk perception. This study's main contribution is the link between experiencing distress and the risk perception with respect to vulnerable groups. Risk perception is relevant since it can influence how the population faces the pandemic. Transmission of accurate information could help to minimize the effect of certain cognitive biases that affect risk perception and foster preventive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Orte
- Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa km. 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Prieto
- Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa km. 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alfayez DI, AlShehri NA. Perceived Stigma Towards Psychological Illness in Relation to Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:538-544. [PMID: 32458312 PMCID: PMC7527370 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the high prevalence of psychological distress among medical students and its related functional and cognitive implications, this study aimed to investigate the association between perceived stigma and psychological distress, estimate the prevalence of each level of distress among medical students, and determine the independent significant risk factors of outcome variables for each level of psychological distress. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed that surveyed medical students at King Saud University in 2018. Using the modified and validated stigma scale for receiving psychological help along with Kessler psychological distress scale, the survey measured perceived stigma towards mental illness in relation to the level of psychological distress. RESULTS Among the 524 participants, 395 surveys were completed. Participants had a mean age of 21.56 years old, and 53% were female. The overall prevalence of severe psychological distress was 30.7% (N = 161). Furthermore, 25.6% of participants reported experiencing moderate distress (N = 134). Additionally, a significant association was found between females and severe psychological distress. Moreover, family income was significantly associated with severe psychological distress in the extreme lower and upper groups (5000-10,000 SR and above 20,000 SR). Participants with high levels of psychological distress were more likely than those with low levels to agree or strongly agree with 3 out of 10 items related to perceived stigma. CONCLUSIONS Medical students with moderate/severe psychological distress disclosed more concerns regarding stigma, particularly about perceived consequences of their mental health issues being revealed to others. Such opinions could cause physical health problems and decrease quality of life.
Collapse
|
20
|
Moult A, Kingstone T, Chew-Graham CA. How do older adults understand and manage distress? A qualitative study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32366270 PMCID: PMC7199345 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distress is an expected emotional response to a negative life event. Experiences common in later life may trigger distress such as bereavement or loss of physical mobility. Distress is considered to be distinct to anxiety and/or depression and is not diagnostically labelled as a mental health problem. Older adults will often manage their own distress. Previous literature has focused on how younger adults self-manage mental health problems, however little research has explored the self-management strategies used by older people. There is a need to clarify the role of primary care in the context of distressed older adults who may consult healthcare services. This study seeks to address these gaps through qualitative methods. METHODS Keele University's ethical review panel approved this study. We recruited older adults who self-identified as distressed from community groups in North Staffordshire, England. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically using constant comparison methods. A patient and public involvement and engagement group contributed to development of the research questions and methods, and offered their perspectives on the findings. RESULTS After 18 interviews data saturation was achieved. Key themes were: experiences of distress, actions taken, help-seeking from healthcare services and perceptions of treatments offered in primary care. Various forms of loss contributed to participants' distress. Participants initiated their own self-management strategies which included: pursuing independent activities, seeking social support and attending community groups and church. Five participants reported having consulted a GP when distressed but described a lack of acceptable treatments offered. CONCLUSIONS To support older adults who are distressed, healthcare professionals in primary care should consider exploring how patients currently manage their mood problems, provide a broad range of information about potential management options and consider sign-posting older adults to community resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Moult
- Keele Medical School, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Tom Kingstone
- School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
- Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stafford, ST16 3SR UK
| | - Carolyn A. Chew-Graham
- School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
- Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) West Midlands, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davison KM, Lung Y, Lin SL, Tong H, Kobayashi KM, Fuller-Thomson E. Psychological distress in older adults linked to immigrant status, dietary intake, and physical health conditions in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). J Affect Disord 2020; 265:526-537. [PMID: 32090781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress increases mortality risk; there is little knowledge about its prevelance and contributory factors in older populations. METHODS Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging baseline data (2010-2015) were analyzed to examine the relationship between Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 and immigrant status (recent/mid-term,<20 years; long-term, ≥20 years; Canadian-born). Covariates included socioeconomic and health-related variables. Stratified by sex, two series of multinomial logistic regression were used to calculate the likelihood of having mild distress (20 < K10 score ≤24) and moderate/severe distress (K10 score >24). RESULTS Respondents (n = 25,700) were mainly Canadian-born (82.8%), 45-65 years (59.3%), earning <C$100,000/year (58.2%), and had a post-secondary education (78.4%). For women, psychological distress was associated with being a recent/mid-term immigrant(OR=1.76, 99% CI 1.09-2.83), marital status (widowed/divorced/separated, OR=1.62, 99% CI 1.19-2.20), lower education level (<secondary school; OR = 1.95, 99% CI 1.32-2.88), lower intake of fruit and vegetable (≤ 2/day; OR=1.50, 99% CI 1.05-2.14), higher waist-to-height ratio (>cut-off; OR=1.32, 99% CI 1.02-1.70), and higher nutritional risk (ORs = 2.16-3.31, p's <0.001). For men, psychological distress was associated with under-nutrition (grip strength<cut-off, OR=1.57, 99% CI 1.14-2.16). For men and women, psychological distress was associated with age (>56 years, ORs=0.19-0.79, p's<0.01), lower income (≤C$149,000, ORs = 1.68-7.79, p's<0.01), multi-morbidities (ORs = 1.67-4.70, p's<0.01), chronic pain (ORs = 1.67-3.09, p's<0.001) and higher intake of chocolate (≥ 0.6 bar/week, ORs=1.61-2.23, p's<0.001). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design prohibits causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional factors, immigration status, social, and health-related problems are strongly associated with psychological distress among midlife and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada; University of Hawai'i, USA.
| | - Yu Lung
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work & Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Shen Lamson Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work & Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | | | | | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work & Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada; Department of Family & Community Medicine and Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang L, Tang Y, Hui R, Zheng H, Deng Y, Shi Y, Xiao X, Zheng Q, Zhou S, Yu S, Cao W, Liu Y, Hu Y, Li Y. The effects of active acupuncture and placebo acupuncture on insomnia patients: a randomized controlled trial. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 25:1201-1215. [PMID: 32167794 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1738015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe and compare the clinical efficacy of active acupuncture and placebo acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia and mood disorders. 96 patients with insomnia in Chengdu were randomly divided into two groups (1:1). The active acupuncture group (AA group n = 48) received the tube of Park sham device with deep needle insertion. The placebo acupuncture group (PA group n = 48) received the tube of Park sham device with a retractable needle shaft and a blunt tip. The same acupuncture points and treatment cycles were used in both groups. The overall score for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes recorded sleep rate, self-reported depression scale (SDS), self-assessment anxiety scale (SAS), the 'six component' scores of PSQI, and 'Deqi' scale scores. Eventually, 90 patients completed the study. After 2 weeks of treatment, the total score of PSQI in the AA group was 4.6 ± 2.4 and in the PA group was 12.9 ± 1.8 (ES = 3.91, p < .1). The SAS, SDS score in the AA group were 39.9 ± 5.6/39.9 ± 5.9 and in the PA group were 59.7 ± 6.1/61.2 ± 4.4 (ES = 3.38/4.9, p < .1). The sleep rate were 93.8% and 25.0% (p < .1). During the 1 month follow-up period, the PSQI total score in the AA group (5.2 ± 1.9) was superior to the PA group (13.1 ± 1.8) (ES = 4.27, p < .1). The SAS, SDS score in the AA group were 40.4 ± 5.1/42.7 ± 6.6 and in the PA group were 63.7 ± 6.6/63.5 ± 4.8 (ES = 3.95/3.60, p < .1). Throughout the study period, the 'six component' scores of PSQI in the AA group was superior to the PA group (each p < .1). Except for tingling and cooling, other acupuncture sensations were significant differences (each p < .1). Compared to the placebo acupuncture, active acupuncture can significantly improve insomnia, and clinical efficacy is maintained for at least 6 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center , Chongqing, China
| | - Ruting Hui
- Rehabilitation Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Deng
- Nephropathy Department, Sichuan Second Chinese Medicine Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Xiao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Department, The People's Hospital of Jianyang City , Jianyang, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Youping Hu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that influence the intensity of pain associated with pressure injuries. OBJECTIVES We examined the influence of age, gender, race, and comorbidity on the relationships between pressure injuries, psychological distress, and pain intensity in hospitalized adults. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective secondary analysis using data from a regional acute hospital's electronic health records from 2013 to 2016. A sample of 454 cases met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using path analysis. RESULTS The hypothesized model (Model A) and two alternative models (Models B and C) were tested and demonstrated adequate model fit. All tested models demonstrated statistically significant independent direct effects of age on the severity of pressure injury (p < .001) and pain intensity (p = .001), as well as independent direct effects of gender (p ≤ .005), race (p < .001), and comorbidity (p = .001) on psychological distress. DISCUSSION Pain management for individuals with pressure injuries should include not only the treatment of wounds but also the individual characteristics of the patient such as demographics, comorbidity, and psychological status that may affect pain. Given the limitations of secondary analyses, further studies are suggested to validate these findings.
Collapse
|
24
|
Saikkonen S, Karukivi M, Vahlberg T, Saarijärvi S. Associations of social support and alexithymia with psychological distress in Finnish young adults. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:602-609. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Saikkonen
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
- Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry; Satakunta Hospital District; Pori Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Biostatistics; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - Simo Saarijärvi
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang C, Li X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Chen Y. Impacts of HIV Stigma on Psychosocial Well-Being and Substance Use Behaviors Among People Living With HIV/AIDS In China: Across the Life Span. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2018; 30:108-119. [PMID: 29688775 PMCID: PMC6056313 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, existing studies have indicated that stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) negatively affects their psychosocial well-being, and the impact may differ by age. In the current study, we aim to assess the impact of various types of stigma on PLWHA's psychological status and concomitant substance use. We explored different types of HIV stigma with psychosocial well-being and substance use employing mixed effect models among 2,987 Chinese PLWHA. Multivariate analyses revealed that each type of HIV stigma is positively associated with psychosocial distress, but negatively related to resilience and self-esteem across all age groups of PLWHA, with enacted stigma showing the strongest impact. Stigmatized PLWHA are more likely to smoke and use drugs, especially among the < 35 and 35-49-year-old groups. Age-specific interventions should be implemented to enhance PLWHA's stigma coping skill for improving their psychological health and reducing substance use in China and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Yu Liu
- Division of Public Health Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Department of HIV/STD Prevention, Guangxi CDC, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of HIV/STD Prevention, Guangxi CDC, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of HIV/STD Prevention, Guangxi CDC, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Monteiro F, Canavarro MC, Pereira M. Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress of middle-aged and older women living with HIV. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:1105-1117. [PMID: 28100062 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1281972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among older women living with HIV in comparison to their male counterparts and younger women and to identify the sociodemographic and disease-related factors associated with psychological distress. The sample consisted of 508 HIV-infected patients (65 older women, 323 women aged below 50 years, and 120 older men) recruited from 10 Portuguese hospitals. Data regarding psychological distress were collected using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Seven older women (10.8%), eight older men (6.7%), and 61 younger women (18.9%) reported a T-score ≥ 63 for global severity index (GSI), indicative of a need for further psychological evaluation. Overall, younger women reported significantly higher psychological distress than older men. The odds of having clinically significant psychological distress score were significantly lower for older women reporting sexual transmission, while for younger women, having other co-infections was a significant correlate of higher psychological distress. Younger women were 2.67 (95% CI: 1.22-5.84) times more likely to report psychological distress than were older men. The odds were not significantly different from older women. This study shows that older women do not differ substantially from younger women and older men in terms of psychological distress. The results reinforce, however, that mental health interventions should be tailored to reflect individuals' circumstances as well as developmental contexts. Moreover, they draw attention to the importance of examining resilience characteristics in older adults to understand the mechanisms behind 'successful ageing' while living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Monteiro
- a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | | | - Marco Pereira
- a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Feng HP, Chien WC, Cheng WT, Chung CH, Cheng SM, Tzeng WC. Risk of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with myocardial infarction: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4464. [PMID: 27559951 PMCID: PMC5400317 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with adverse cardiovascular events after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, most studies focusing on anxiety or depression have used rating scales or self-report methods rather than clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between psychiatrist-diagnosed psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular prognosis.We sampled data from the National Health Insurance Research Database; 1396 patients with MI were recruited as the study cohort and 13,960 patients without MI were recruited as the comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the effect of MI on the risk of anxiety and depressive disorders.During the first 2 years of follow-up, patients with MI exhibited a significantly higher risk of anxiety disorders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 5.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.61-5.54) and depressive disorders (adjusted HR = 7.23, 95% CI: 4.88-10.88) than those without MI did. Greater risk for anxiety and depressive disorders was observed among women and patients aged 45 to 64 years following an acute MI. Patients with post-MI anxiety had a 9.37-fold (95% CI: 4.45-19.70) higher risk of recurrent MI than those without MI did after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.This nationwide population-based cohort study provides evidence that MI increases the risk of anxiety and depressive disorders during the first 2 years post-MI, and post-MI anxiety disorders are associated with a higher risk of recurrent MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pei Feng
- Institute of Medical Sciences and School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wei-Tung Cheng
- Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung CityTaiwan (ROC)
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wen-Chii Tzeng
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
- Correspondence: Wen-Chii Tzeng, School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC) (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
One-year Patient-reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Do Not Correlate With Mild to Moderate Psychological Distress. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:3501-10. [PMID: 26293222 PMCID: PMC4586226 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with shoulder and rotator cuff pathology who exhibit greater levels of psychological distress report inferior preoperative self-assessments of pain and function. In several other areas of orthopaedics, higher levels of distress correlate with a higher likelihood of persistent pain and disability after recovery from surgery. To our knowledge, the relationship between psychological distress and outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has not been similarly investigated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with differences in outcome scores (visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (2) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with less improvement in outcome scores (VAS for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (3) Does the prevalence of psychological distress in a population with full-thickness rotator cuff tears change when assessed preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? METHODS Eighty-five patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled; 70 patients (82%) were assessed at 1-year followup. During the study period, the three participating surgeons performed 269 rotator cuff repairs; in large part, the low overall rate of enrollment was related to two surgeons enrolling only two patients total in the initial 14 months of the study. Psychological distress was quantified using the Distress Risk Assessment Method questionnaire, and patients completed self-assessments including the VAS for pain, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Fifty of 85 patients (59%) had normal levels of distress, 26 of 85 (31%) had moderate levels of distress, and nine of 85 (11%) had severe levels of distress. Statistical models were used to assess the effect of psychological distress on patient self-assessment of shoulder pain and function at 1 year after surgery. RESULTS With the numbers available, distressed patients were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of postoperative VAS for pain (1.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0-2.8] versus 1.0 [95% CI, 0.5-1.4], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (9 [95% CI, 8.1-10.4] versus 11 [95% CI, 10.0-11.0], p = 0.06), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (80 [95% CI, 72-88] versus 88 [95% CI, 84-92], p = 0.08) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. With the numbers available, distressed patients also were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of the amount of improvement in scores between preoperative assessment and 1-year followup on the VAS for pain (3 [95% CI, 2.2-4.1] versus 2 [95% CI, 1.4-2.9], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (5.2 [95% CI, 3.7-6.6] versus 5.0 [95% CI, 4.2-5.8], p = 0.86), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale (38 [95% CI, 29-47] versus 30 [95% CI, 25-36], p = 0.16). The prevalence of psychological distress in our patient population was lower at 1 year after surgery 14 of 70 (20%) versus 35 of 85 (41%) preoperatively (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.74; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Mild to moderate levels of distress did not diminish patient-reported outcomes to a clinically important degree in this small series of patients with rotator cuff tears. This contrasts with reports from other areas of orthopaedic surgery and may be related to a more self-limited course of symptoms in patients with rotator cuff disease or possibly to a beneficial effect of rotator cuff repair on sleep quality or other unrecognized determinants of psychosocial status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, prognostic study.
Collapse
|
29
|
Marko D, Linder SH, Tullar JM, Reynolds TF, Estes LJ. Predictors of Serious Psychological Distress in an Urban Population. Community Ment Health J 2015; 51:708-14. [PMID: 25535042 PMCID: PMC4506482 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-014-9790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
While there are state and national estimates of serious psychological distress (SPD), these are not useful for targeting local mental health interventions or for addressing the needs of sub-populations at increased risk for SPD. This cross-sectional study uses data from the population-based 2010 Health of Houston Survey (n = 5,116) to examine (1) the prevalence of SPD and its determinants in Houston area and (2) predictors of the utilization of mental health services among people with SPD. The prevalence of SPD among the Houston area adult population was 7 %, more than twice the national average. Correlates of SPD included: being female, under 65, lacking emotional support, smoking, having poor health status and financial distress. The odds of utilizing health services by those with SPD were affected by financial distress, insurance, employment and perceived need for services, among other factors. Interventions should be tailored to mitigate risk factors for SPD and to improve access to mental health services in the SPD sub-population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dritana Marko
- Institute for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pope D, Tisdall R, Middleton J, Verma A, van Ameijden E, Birt C, Macherianakis A, Bruce N. Quality of and access to green space in relation to psychological distress: results from a population-based cross-sectional study as part of the EURO-URHIS 2 project. Eur J Public Health 2015; 28:35-38. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
Burgoyne MJ, Bingen K, Leuck J, Dasgupta M, Ryan P, Hoffmann RG. Cancer-Related Distress in Young Adults Compared to Middle-Aged and Senior Adults. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2015; 4:56-63. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2014.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Burgoyne
- Cancer Network, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kristin Bingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julianne Leuck
- Department of Medicine, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mahua Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Polly Ryan
- Department of Patient Care Services, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Raymond G. Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rahmati Najarkolaei F, Raiisi F, Rahnama P, Gholami Fesharaki M, Zamani O, Jafari MR, Montazeri A. Factor structure of the Iranian version of 12-item general health questionnaire. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 16:e11794. [PMID: 25593708 PMCID: PMC4270680 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 12-Item General Health (GHQ-12) questionnaire is one of the most commonly used instruments in screening studies on mental health. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to examine the factor structure of the GHQ-12 questionnaire among the students in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional study in which 428 university students were recruited and completed the GHQ-12. Reliability of the GHQ-12 was evaluated using the Cronbach's alpha and the split-half method by applying the Spearman-Brown coefficient. Factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess how well the EFA extracted model fitted the observed data. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 22.83 years (SD = 3.09). Most of them were female (56.1%) and 81% were unemployed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Iranian version of GHQ-12 was 0.85. Using the split-half method, the alpha for the social dysfunction was found to be 0.77; it was 0.76 for the psychological distress. The principal component analysis revealed a two-factor structure for the questionnaire including social dysfunction and psychological distress that explained 48% of the observed variances. The confirmatory factor analysis was showed fit for the data. CONCLUSIONS The current study findings confirm that the Iranian version of GHQ-12 has a good factor structure and is a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological distress and social dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Raiisi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvin Rahnama
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Parvin Rahnama, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121756442, E-mail:
| | | | - Omid Zamani
- Regional Knowledge Hub for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | | | - Ali Montazeri
- Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Psychological distress and attempted suicide in female victims of intimate partner violence: an illustration from the Philippines context. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-08-2013-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of, and determined the factors associated with self-reported symptoms of suicide attempts and psychosocial distress among female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV).
Design/methodology/approach
– Using cross-sectional data from 13,594 women aged 15-49 years from the 2008 Philippines Demographic and Health Surveys, the authors measured univariate prevalence, conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression models to examine the associations between outcomes, exposures, and potential explanatory variables.
Findings
– In total, 47 and 8 per cent of the women reported psychological distress, and suicide attempts following IPV, respectively. Physical and psychological IPV occurred in 7 per cent of the women, respectively, whilst sexual IPV occurred in 5 per cent of the women. Multivariate analyses showed significant association between physical and psychological IPV and suicide attempt, as well as psychological distress.
Research limitations/implications
– This study extends the knowledge about the interaction between IPV, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by redirecting the attention to more systemic expressions of the excess burden of IPV among abused women.
Practical implications
– It highlights the significance of screening for the presence of, and accumulated effect of IPV exposures as a risk factor for suicide attempt and psychological distress.
Social implications
– Since IPV is a product of gendered norms and power relations, the extent to which exposure to IPV results in poor mental health outcomes is determined by the interplay between societal gender norms and attitudes, poverty, and psychological distress.
Originality/value
– Given that most of the literature on the association between traumatic events, psychosocial stress, and suicidality derive from high-income countries, they do not reflect cultural differences within the context of low-middle-income countries like the Philippines, or be generalizable to the low-middle-income countries.
Collapse
|
34
|
Drapeau A, Marchand A, Forest C. Gender differences in the age-cohort distribution of psychological distress in Canadian adults: findings from a national longitudinal survey. BMC Psychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40359-014-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
Korda RJ, Paige E, Yiengprugsawan V, Latz I, Friel S. Income-related inequalities in chronic conditions, physical functioning and psychological distress among older people in Australia: cross-sectional findings from the 45 and up study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:741. [PMID: 25048295 PMCID: PMC4223589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of chronic disease continues to rise as populations age. There is relatively little published on the socioeconomic distribution of this burden in older people. This study quantifies absolute and relative income-related inequalities in prevalence of chronic diseases, severe physical functioning limitation and high psychological distress in mid-age and older people in Australia. Methods Cross-sectional study of 208,450 participants in the 45 and Up Study, a population-based cohort of men and women aged 45–106 years from New South Wales, Australia. Chronic conditions included self-reported heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and osteoarthritis; physical functioning limitation (severe/not) was measured using Medical Outcomes Study measures and psychological distress (high/not) using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. For each outcome, prevalence was estimated in relation to annual household income (6 categories). Prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) were generated, comparing the lowest income category (<$20,000) to the highest (≥$70,000), using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, weighted for age, sex and region of residence. Analyses were stratified by age group (45–64, 65–79 and ≥80 years) and sex and adjusted for age and country of birth. Results With few exceptions, there were income gradients in the prevalence of chronic conditions among all age-sex groups, with prevalence decreasing with increasing income. Of the chronic diseases, PDs were highest for diabetes (ranging between 5.69% and 10.36% across age-sex groups) and in women, also for osteoarthritis (5.72% to 8.14%); PRs were highest for osteoarthritis in men aged 45–64 years (4.01), otherwise they were highest for diabetes (1.78 to 3.43). Inequalities were very high for both physical functioning limitation and psychological distress, particularly among those aged 45–64 (PDs between 18.67% and 29.23% and PRs between 4.63 and 16.51). Absolute and relative inequalities tended to decrease with age, but remained relatively high for diabetes and physical functioning in the elderly (≥80 years). Conclusions Significant inequalities in the prevalence of chronic conditions, physical functioning and psychological distress persist into old age. The additional health burden placed on those who are already disadvantaged is likely to become an increasingly important issue in an ageing population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Korda
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Okumura Y, Ito H. Out-of-pocket expenditure burdens in patients with cardiovascular conditions and psychological distress: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013; 35:233-8. [PMID: 23391611 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress in individuals with and without cardiovascular risks and events [cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions] and the incremental effects of psychological distress on the out-of-pocket health care expenditure burdens. METHODS We used data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2007, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. Psychological distress assessed by the K6 scale, the presence of treated CVD conditions and out-of-pocket health care expenditures as a share of household consumption expenditures were self-reported by 20,763 individuals living alone and aged between 20 and 59 years. RESULTS Individuals with obesity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.3], stroke (AOR, 3.2), ischemic heart disease (AOR, 2.3), hyperlipidemia (AOR, 1.8) or diabetes (AOR, 1.7) were more likely than those without to have serious psychological distress (SPD). With the exception of ischemic heart disease, less than half of CVD patients comorbid with SPD received treatment for mental illness. Patients comorbid with SPD and obesity (AOR, 6.1), SPD and ischemic heart disease (AOR, 3.4), and SPD and hypertension (AOR, 2.6) had higher out-of-pocket burdens than patients with only CVD conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the need for physicians to identify and manage SPD in patients with CVD conditions and for policymakers to find solutions to reduce the high out-of-pocket burdens among these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Okumura
- Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jorm AF, Bourchier SJ, Cvetkovski S, Stewart G. Mental health of Indigenous Australians: a review of findings from community surveys. Med J Aust 2012; 196:118-21. [PMID: 22304605 DOI: 10.5694/mja11.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assemble what is known about the mental health of Indigenous Australians from community surveys. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was carried out of publications and data sources since 2000 using PubMed, PsycINFO, Australian Medical Index, the National Library of Australia and datasets known to the authors. STUDY SELECTION Surveys had to involve representative sampling of a population, identify Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and include a measure of mental health. DATA EXTRACTION 11 surveys were found. Data were extracted on prevalence rates for Indigenous people by age and sex, along with comparison data from the general population, where available. DATA SYNTHESIS Across seven studies, Indigenous adults were consistently found to have a higher prevalence of self-reported psychological distress than the general community. However, two studies of Indigenous adolescents did not find a higher prevalence of psychological distress. Two surveys of parents and carers of Indigenous children and adolescents found a higher prevalence of behaviour problems. CONCLUSIONS There is an inequality in mental health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians that starts from an early age. This needs to be a priority for research, preventive action and health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Taylor AW, Chittleborough C, Gill TK, Winefield H, Baum F, Hiller JE, Goldney R, Tucker G, Hugo G. Relationship of social factors including trust, control over life decisions, problems with transport and safety, to psychological distress in the community. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47:465-73. [PMID: 21350810 PMCID: PMC3279646 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological distress encompasses anxiety and depression with the previous studies showing that psychological distress is unequally distributed across population groups. This paper explores the mechanisms and processes which may affect the distribution of psychological distress, including a range of individual and community level socioeconomic determinants. METHODS Representative cross-sectional data was collected for respondents aged 16+ from July 2008 to June 2009, as a part of the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI). Univariate and multivariate analyses (n = 5,763) were conducted to investigate the variables that were associated with psychological distress. RESULTS The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 8.9%. In the multivariate model, females, those aged 16-49, respondents single with children, unable to work or unemployed, with a poorer family financial situation, earning $20,000 or less, feeling safe in their home some or none of the time, feeling as though they have less then total control over life decisions and sometimes experiencing problems with transport, were significantly more likely to experience psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS This paper has demonstrated the relationship between low-income, financial pressure, less than optimal safety and control, and high-psychological distress. It is important that the groups highlighted as vulnerable be targeted in policy, planning, and health promotion and prevention campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne W. Taylor
- Population Research and Outcome Studies, The University of Adelaide, Level 3, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Catherine Chittleborough
- School of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TH UK
| | - Tiffany K. Gill
- Population Research and Outcome Studies, The University of Adelaide, Level 3, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Helen Winefield
- School of Psychology and Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Janet E. Hiller
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | | | - Graeme Tucker
- Epidemiology Branch, SA Health, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Graeme Hugo
- National Centre for Social Applications of Geographical Information Systems, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goulia P, Papadimitriou I, Machado MO, Mantas C, Pappa C, Tsianos E, Pavlidis N, Drosos AA, Carvalho AF, Hyphantis T. Does psychological distress vary between younger and older adults in health and disease? J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:120-8. [PMID: 22281453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of age on psychological distress remains controversial and it is unclear how a chronic medical illness influences this association. We aimed to compare the level of psychological distress between younger and older patients with chronic medical conditions attending hospital specialty clinics and to test whether a different pattern emerges when comparisons with individuals without long-term conditions are made. METHODS In 519 individuals without chronic medical conditions and 949 patients with established severe chronic medical illnesses, we compared psychological distress (GHQ-28 and SCL-90R) between younger (<65, N=1040) and older (≥65, N=428) participants after controlling for gender, marital status, education and primary diagnosis in multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the healthy participants, a greater proportion of older individuals presented mild/moderate psychological distress (p=.026), predominantly depressive and somatization symptoms. Among the medical patients, both age groups presented elevated levels of psychological distress, but a greater proportion of younger patients had severe psychological distress (p=.016), predominantly depressive, anxiety and hostility symptoms. Younger patients reported similarly high levels of somatization symptoms compared to older patients. The odds of being assessed with severe psychological distress were significantly greater for younger individuals with physical illnesses, independently of gender, marital status, education and primary diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Medical patients from both age groups had significant psychological distress symptoms scores. Younger patients with chronic medical illnesses were more vulnerable to severe psychological distress, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, hostility and somatization. Therefore, clinicians should direct efforts to recognize these symptoms in order to prevent further functional impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Goulia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of seniors in the Canadian population who are involuntary stayers and to assess associations with health. Method: Data come from the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey, with the sample restricted to those 65 and older ( N = 2,551). Results: Nearly 1 in 10 seniors identified as an involuntary stayer. Seniors with few socioeconomic resources, poor health, greater need for assistance, and low social involvement were more likely to identify as an involuntary stayer. Furthermore, seniors who were involuntary stayers report significantly more distress and greater odds of low self-rated health than other seniors. Discussion: This study brings into visibility an understudied segment of the elderly population: seniors who are unable to move from their present location despite their desire to do so. Further research and policy responses assisting seniors to age in a setting of their own choosing are needed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Eng A, Mannetje A', Pearce N, Douwes J. Work-related stress and asthma: results from a workforce survey in New Zealand. J Asthma 2011; 48:783-9. [PMID: 21864097 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.608459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between work-related stress and asthma in a cross-sectional workforce survey in New Zealand. METHODS Men and women randomly selected from the Electoral Roll were invited to take part in a telephonic interview, which collected information on current workplace exposures and respiratory symptoms. Participants rated how stressful they found their current job on a five-point scale. We conducted unconditional logistic regression to calculate prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for job stress and both current and adult-onset asthma, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and deprivation. Analyses were also stratified by sex, smoking status, body mass index, and age group. RESULTS Results were based on 2903 interviews. Participants with very or extremely stressful jobs were twice as likely to have current asthma (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.52-2.58) and 50% more likely to have adult-onset asthma (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.05-2.15) compared to those with not at all or mildly stressful jobs. This association was evident for both sexes and was not explained by either occupation, age, body mass index, or smoking, although the results did differ by smoking status. CONCLUSION Our study adds to the sparse evidence on the relationship between work-related stress and asthma in adult working populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Eng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|