1
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Socała K, Jakubiec M, Abram M, Mlost J, Starowicz K, Kamiński RM, Ciepiela K, Andres-Mach M, Zagaja M, Metcalf CS, Zawadzki P, Wlaź P, Kamiński K. TRPV1 channel in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its potential as a molecular target for the development of new antiseizure drug candidates. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 240:102634. [PMID: 38834133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as capsaicin receptor, in 1997 was a milestone achievement in the research on temperature sensation and pain signalling. Very soon after it became evident that TRPV1 is implicated in a wide array of physiological processes in different peripheral tissues, as well as in the central nervous system, and thereby could be involved in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of TRPV1 may also affect seizure susceptibility and epilepsy. This channel is localized in brain regions associated with seizures and epilepsy, and its overexpression was found both in animal models of seizures and in brain samples from epileptic patients. Moreover, modulation of TRPV1 on non-neuronal cells (microglia, astrocytes, and/or peripheral immune cells) may have an impact on the neuroinflammatory processes that play a role in epilepsy and epileptogenesis. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview of currently available data on TRPV1 as a possible molecular target for epilepsy management, trying to identify research gaps and future directions. Overall, several converging lines of evidence implicate TRPV1 channel as a potentially attractive target in epilepsy research but more studies are needed to exploit the possible role of TRPV1 in seizures/epilepsy and to evaluate the value of TRPV1 ligands as candidates for new antiseizure drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Rafał M Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciepiela
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland; Selvita S.A., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow PL 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Cameron S Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Przemysław Zawadzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
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2
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Dvornikova KA, Platonova ON, Bystrova EY. The Role of TRP Channels in Sepsis and Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4784. [PMID: 38731999 PMCID: PMC11084600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels which provide a wide array of roles have been found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The goal of earlier research was to comprehend the intricate signaling cascades that contribute to TRP channel activation as well as how these receptors' activity affects other systems. Moreover, there is a large volume of published studies describing the role of TRP channels in a number of pathological disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sepsis. Nevertheless, the generalizability of these results is subject to certain limitations. For instance, the study of IBD relies on various animal models and experimental methods, which are unable to precisely imitate the multifactorial chronic disease. The diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and unique susceptibility of animals may account for the inconsistency of the experimental data collected. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of existing studies on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels implicating specific models of colitis and sepsis, with particular emphasis on their involvement in pathological disorders such as IBD and sepsis. Furthermore, the text endeavors to evaluate the generalizability of experimental findings, taking into consideration the limitations posed by animal models and experimental methodologies. Finally, we also provide an updated schematic of the most important and possible molecular signaling pathways associated with TRP channels in IBD and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Y. Bystrova
- I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.D.); (O.N.P.)
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3
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Yang B, Ma D, Zhu X, Wu Z, An Q, Zhao J, Gao X, Zhang L. Roles of TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e10. [PMID: 38659380 PMCID: PMC11140548 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are pathological autoimmune reactions in the body caused by various factors, which can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. They can be divided into organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. These diseases usually involve various body systems, including the blood, muscles, bones, joints and soft tissues. The transient receptor potential (TRP) and PIEZO receptors, which resulted in David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021, attracted people's attention. Most current studies on TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases have been carried out on animal model, only few clinical studies have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to review existing studies on TRP and PIEZO to understand the roles of these receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may help elucidate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xueqing Zhu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Qi An
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xinnan Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
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4
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Liang Q, Wang JW, Bai YR, Li RL, Wu CJ, Peng W. Targeting TRPV1 and TRPA1: A feasible strategy for natural herbal medicines to combat postoperative ileus. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106923. [PMID: 37709183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological or pathological conditions, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) possess the ability to detect a vast array of stimuli and execute diverse functions. Interestingly, increasing works have reported that activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 could also be beneficial for ameliorating postoperative ileus (POI). Increasing research has revealed that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rich in TRPV1/TRPA1, which can be stimulated by capsaicin, allicin and other compounds. This activation stimulates a variety of neurotransmitters, leading to increased intestinal motility and providing protective effects against GI injury. POI is the most common emergent complication following abdominal and pelvic surgery, and is characterized by postoperative bowel dysfunction, pain, and inflammatory responses. It is noteworthy that natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition as a potential therapeutic option for POI due to the lack of effective pharmacological interventions. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the TRPV1/TRPA1 channel, and an analysis and summary of the processes and mechanism by which natural herbs activate TRPV1/TRPA1 to enhance GI motility and relieve pain are provided, which will lay the foundation for the development of natural herb treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yu-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Innovation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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5
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Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Zielińska A, Scott RJ, Słomski R, Pławski A. Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790803. [PMID: 35003109 PMCID: PMC8727741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term used to describe a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology, including two primary forms: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in modulating many physiological processes including intestinal homeostasis, modulation of gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensation, or immunomodulation of inflammation in IBD. It consists of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), transporters for cellular uptake of endocannabinoid ligands, endogenous bioactive lipids (Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation (fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), the manipulation of which through agonists and antagonists of the system, shows a potential therapeutic role for ECS in inflammatory bowel disease. This review summarizes the role of ECS components on intestinal inflammation, suggesting the advantages of cannabinoid-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Crohn Disease/drug therapy
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Endocannabinoids/agonists
- Endocannabinoids/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodney J. Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics and Centre for Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, New South Wales Health Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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6
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Fouad A, Matsumoto K, Amagase K, Yasuda H, Tominaga M, Kato S. Protective Effect of TRPM8 against Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury via the Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:947-957. [PMID: 34193690 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel activated by mild cooling and chemical agents including menthol. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have antipyretic, analgesic effects, and they can cause stomach and small intestinal injury. The current study investigated the role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. In male TRPM8-deficient (TRPM8KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, intestinal injury was induced via the subcutaneous administration of indomethacin. In addition, the effect of WS-12, a specific TRPM8 agonist, was examined in TRPM8KO and WT mice with indomethacin-induced intestinal injury. TRPM8KO mice had a significantly higher intestinal ulcerogenic response to indomethacin than WT mice. The repeated administration of WS-12 significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal injury in WT mice. However, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. Furthermore, in TRPM8-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice, which express EGFP under the direction of TRPM8 promoter, the EGFP signals in the indomethacin-treated intestinal mucosa were upregulated. Further, the EGFP signals were commonly found in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive sensory afferent neurons and partly colocalized with substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the small intestine. The intestinal CGRP-positive neurons were significantly upregulated after the administration of indomethacin in WT mice. Nevertheless, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. In contrast, indomethacin increased the expression of intestinal SP-positive neurons in not only WT mice but also TRPM8KO mice. Thus, TRPM8 has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. This response may be mediated by the upregulation of CGRP, rather than SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Fouad
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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7
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Duo L, Wu T, Ke Z, Hu L, Wang C, Teng G, Zhang W, Wang W, Ge Q, Yang Y, Dai Y. Gain of Function of Ion Channel TRPV1 Exacerbates Experimental Colitis by Promoting Dendritic Cell Activation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:924-936. [PMID: 33251043 PMCID: PMC7666365 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated mucosal immunity plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a Ca2+-permeable ion channel that is implicated in modulating immune responses. However, its role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation remains elusive. Here, we found that TRPV1 gain of function significantly increased the susceptibility of mice to experimental colitis, and that was associated with excessive recruitment of dendritic cells and enhanced Th17 immune responses in the lamina propria of colon. TRPV1 gain of function promoted dendritic cell activation and cytokine production upon inflammatory stimuli, and consequently enhanced dendritic cell-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Further mechanistic studies showed that TRPV1 gain of function in dendritic cells enhanced activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc2) signaling induced by inflammatory stimuli. Moreover, in patients with IBD, TRPV1 expression was increased in lamina propria cells of inflamed colon compared with healthy controls. Our findings identify an important role for TRPV1 in modulating dendritic cell activation and sustaining Th17 responses to inflammatory stimuli, which suggest that TRPV1 might be a potential therapeutic target in controlling mucosal immunity and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Duo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziliang Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guigen Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Upregulation of the TRPA1 Ion Channel in the Gastric Mucosa after Iodoacetamide-Induced Gastritis in Rats: A Potential New Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165591. [PMID: 32764237 PMCID: PMC7460663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastritis is often untreatable by acid secretion-inhibiting drugs. Understanding the protective mechanisms including the role of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin1 (TRPA1) and Vanilloid1 (TRPV1) channels localized on capsaicin-sensitive afferents and non-neuronal structures might identify novel therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we characterized a translational gastritis model using iodoacetamide (IAA) and investigated TRPA1/V1 expressions. Wistar rats and CD1, C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to IAA-containing (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5%) drinking water for 7 or 14 days. Body weight and water consumption were recorded daily. Macroscopic lesions were scored, qualitative histopathologic investigation was performed, TRPA1/V1 immunopositivity and mRNA expressions were measured. IAA induced a concentration-dependent weight loss and reduced water intake in both species. Hyperemia, submucosal edema, inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhagic erosions developed after 7 days, while ulcers after 14 days in rats. Trpa1 mRNA/protein expressions were upregulated at both timepoints. Meanwhile, TRPV1 immunopositivity was upregulated in the gastric corpus after 0.05% IAA ingestion, but downregulated after 0.2%, whereas Trpv1 mRNA did not change. Interestingly, no macroscopic/microscopic changes were observed in mice. These are the first data for the concentration- and duration-dependent changes in the IAA-induced gastritis in rats accompanied by TRPA1 upregulation, therefore, its therapeutic potential in gastritis should further be investigated.
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9
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Stokłosa P, Borgström A, Kappel S, Peinelt C. TRP Channels in Digestive Tract Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1877. [PMID: 32182937 PMCID: PMC7084354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the digestive tract are among the most prevalent types of cancer. These types of cancers are often diagnosed at a late stage, which results in a poor prognosis. Currently, many biomedical studies focus on the role of ion channels, in particular transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in cancer pathophysiology. TRP channels show mostly non-selective permeability to monovalent and divalent cations. TRP channels are often dysregulated in digestive tract cancers, which can result in alterations of cancer hallmark functions, such as enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and the inability to induce apoptosis. Therefore, TRP channels could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, TRP channels are mostly expressed on the cell surface and ion channel targeting drugs do not need to enter the cell, making them attractive candidate drug targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about TRP channels in connection to digestive tract cancers (oral cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer) and give an outlook on the potential of TRP channels as cancer biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Stokłosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (S.K.); (C.P.)
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10
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Chen Y, Mu J, Zhu M, Mukherjee A, Zhang H. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32153564 PMCID: PMC7044176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are present in abundance across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, serving as detectors for a variety of stimuli and secondary transducers for G-protein coupled receptors. The activation of TRP channels triggers neurogenic inflammation with related neuropeptides and initiates immune reactions by extra-neuronally regulating immune cells, contributing to the GI homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), TRP channels are involved in intestinal inflammation. An increasing number of human and animal studies have indicated that TRP channels are correlated to the visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) and immune pathogenesis in IBD, leading to an exacerbation or amelioration of the VHS or intestinal inflammation. Thus, TRP channels are a promising target for novel therapeutic methods for IBD. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of TRP channels, especially their potential roles in immunity and IBD. Additionally, we discuss the contradictory findings of prior studies and offer new insights with regard to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxi Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Karwad MA, Couch DG, Wright KL, Tufarelli C, Larvin M, Lund J, O'Sullivan SE. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds modulate hypoxia-induced permeability in CaCo-2 cells via CB 1, TRPV1, and PPARα. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:465-472. [PMID: 31325449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously reported that endocannabinoids modulate permeability in Caco-2 cells under inflammatory conditions and hypothesised in the present study that endocannabinoids could also modulate permeability in ischemia/reperfusion. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Caco-2 cells were grown on cell culture inserts to confluence. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used to measure permeability. To generate hypoxia (0% O2), a GasPak™ EZ anaerobe pouch system was used. Endocannabinoids were applied to the apical or basolateral membrane in the presence or absence of receptor antagonists. KEY RESULTS Complete hypoxia decreased TEER (increased permeability) by ~35% after 4 h (recoverable) and ~50% after 6 h (non-recoverable). When applied either pre- or post-hypoxia, apical application of N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA, via TRPV1), oleamide (OA, via TRPV1) and oleoylethanolamine (OEA, via TRPV1) inhibited the increase in permeability. Apical administration of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) worsened the permeability effect of hypoxia (both via CB1). Basolateral application of NADA (via TRPV1), OA (via CB1 and TRPV1), noladin ether (NE, via PPARα), and palmitoylethanolamine (PEA, via PPARα) restored permeability after 4 h hypoxia, whereas OEA increased permeability (via PPARα). After 6 h hypoxia, where permeability does not recover, only basolateral application PEA sustainably decreased permeability, and NE decreased permeability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A variety of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds modulate Caco-2 permeability in hypoxia/reoxygenation, which involves multiple targets, depending on whether the compounds are applied to the basolateral or apical membrane. CB1 antagonism and TRPV1 or PPARα agonism may represent novel therapeutic targets against several intestinal disorders associated with increased permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karwad
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D G Couch
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K L Wright
- Division of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C Tufarelli
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Larvin
- Graduate Entry Medical School and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S E O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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12
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Csekő K, Beckers B, Keszthelyi D, Helyes Z. Role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 Ion Channels in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Targets? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E48. [PMID: 30935063 PMCID: PMC6630403 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have long been recognized to be accompanied by pain resulting in high morbidity. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels located predominantly on the capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons play a complex role in hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation. This review provides an overview of their expression and role in intestinal inflammation, in particular colitis, that appears to be virtually inconsistent based on the thorough investigations of the last twenty years. However, preclinical results with pharmacological interventions, as well as scarcely available human studies, more convincingly point out the potential therapeutic value of TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists in colitis and visceral hypersensitivity providing future therapeutical perspectives through a complex, unique mechanism of action for drug development in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Bram Beckers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
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13
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Stampanoni Bassi M, Gentile A, Iezzi E, Zagaglia S, Musella A, Simonelli I, Gilio L, Furlan R, Finardi A, Marfia GA, Guadalupi L, Bullitta S, Mandolesi G, Centonze D, Buttari F. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Modulates Central Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30761069 PMCID: PMC6361812 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is negatively influenced by proinflammatory molecules released by activated T and B lymphocytes and local immune cells. The endovanilloid system plays different physiological functions, and preclinical data suggest that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) could modulate neuroinflammation in this disorder. Methods: The effect of TRPV1 activation on the release of two main proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6, was explored in activated microglial cells. Furthermore, in a group of 132 MS patients, the association between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of TNF and IL-6 and a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) influencing TRPV1 protein expression and function (rs222747) was assessed. Results: In in vitro experiments, TRPV1 stimulation by capsaicin significantly reduced TNF and IL-6 release by activated microglial cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of TRPV1 activation was confirmed by another TRPV1 agonist, the resiniferatoxin (RTX), whose effects were significantly inhibited by the TRPV1 antagonist, 5-iodoresiniferatoxin (5-IRTX). Vice versa, BV2 pre-treatment with 5-IRTX increased the inflammatory response induced by LPS. Moreover, in MS patients, a significant association emerged between TRPV1 SNP rs222747 and CSF TNF levels. In particular, the presence of a G allele, known to result in increased TRPV1 protein expression and function, was associated to lower CSF levels of TNF. Conclusions: Our results indicate that TRPV1 influences central inflammation in MS by regulating cytokine release by activated microglial cells. The modulation of the endovanilloid system may represent a useful approach to contrast neuroinflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ennio Iezzi
- Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sara Zagaglia
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Plasticity, University & IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Servizio di Statistica Medica & Information Technology, Fondazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca e la Formazione Sanitaria e Sociale, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Gilio
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Girolama A Marfia
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Guadalupi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Plasticity, University & IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Plasticity, University & IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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14
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The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Is Associated with Active Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6570371. [PMID: 30150894 PMCID: PMC6087567 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6570371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of the study was to determine the gene and protein expression of TRPV1 in UC patients and noninflamed controls. Gene expression was performed by RT-PCR, and protein expression was performed by immunohistochemistry. The gene expression of TRPV1 was significantly increased in the remission UC group compared to active UC patients (P = 0.002), and an upregulation of the TRPV1 gene was associated with clinical outcomes such as age at diagnosis (<40 years) (P = 0.02) and clinical disease course characterized by relapsing and continuous activity (P = 0.07). TRPV1 immunoreactive cells were conspicuously higher in all intestinal layers from active UC patients compared with noninflamed control tissue. These findings suggest that TRPV1 might be involved in UC pathogenesis.
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15
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Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020055. [PMID: 29849009 PMCID: PMC6027162 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of body weight is fundamental to maintain one's health and to promote longevity. Nevertheless, it appears that the global obesity epidemic is still constantly increasing. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid messengers that are involved in overall body weight control by interfering with manifold central and peripheral regulatory circuits that orchestrate energy homeostasis. Initially, blocking of eCB signaling by first generation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists such as rimonabant revealed body weight-reducing effects in laboratory animals and men. Unfortunately, rimonabant also induced severe psychiatric side effects. At this point, it became clear that future cannabinoid research has to decipher more precisely the underlying central and peripheral mechanisms behind eCB-driven control of feeding behavior and whole body energy metabolism. Here, we will summarize the most recent advances in understanding how central eCBs interfere with circuits in the brain that control food intake and energy expenditure. Next, we will focus on how peripheral eCBs affect food digestion, nutrient transformation and energy expenditure by interfering with signaling cascades in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat depots and endocrine glands. To finally outline the safe future potential of cannabinoids as medicines, our overall goal is to address the molecular, cellular and pharmacological logic behind central and peripheral eCB-mediated body weight control, and to figure out how these precise mechanistic insights are currently transferred into the development of next generation cannabinoid medicines displaying clearly improved safety profiles, such as significantly reduced side effects.
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16
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Utsumi D, Matsumoto K, Tsukahara T, Amagase K, Tominaga M, Kato S. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 contribute to the progression of colonic inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: Links to calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Gyires K, Zádori ZS. Role of Cannabinoids in Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense and Inflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:935-951. [PMID: 26935536 PMCID: PMC5333598 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160303110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the activity of the endocannabinoid system influences various gastrointestinal physiological and pathophysiological processes, and cannabinoid receptors as well as regulatory enzymes responsible for the synthesis or degradation of endocannabinoids representing potential targets to reduce the development of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions, hemorrhage and inflammation. Direct activation of CB1 receptors by plant-derived, endogenous or synthetic cannabinoids effectively reduces both gastric acid secretion and gastric motor activity, and decreases the formation of gastric mucosal lesions induced by stress, pylorus ligation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or alcohol, partly by peripheral, partly by central mechanisms. Similarly, indirect activation of cannabinoid receptors through elevation of endocannabinoid levels by globally acting or peripherally restricted inhibitors of their metabolizing enzymes (FAAH, MAGL) or by inhibitors of their cellular uptake reduces the gastric mucosal lesions induced by NSAIDs in a CB1 receptor-dependent fashion. Dual inhibition of FAAH and cyclooxygenase enzymes induces protection against both NSAID-induced gastrointestinal damage and intestinal inflammation. Moreover, in intestinal inflammation direct or indirect activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors exerts also multiple beneficial effects. Namely, activation of both CB receptors was shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in various murine colitis models, to decrease visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain, as well as to reduce colitis-associated hypermotility and diarrhea. In addition, CB1 receptors suppress secretory processes and also modulate intestinal epithelial barrier functions. Thus, experimental data suggest that the endocannabinoid system represents a promising target in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and this assumption is also confirmed by preliminary clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Nociceptive TRP Channels: Sensory Detectors and Transducers in Multiple Pain Pathologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040072. [PMID: 27854251 PMCID: PMC5198047 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized receptors belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ligand-gated ion channels constitute the critical detectors and transducers of pain-causing stimuli. Nociceptive TRP channels are predominantly expressed by distinct subsets of sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Several of these TRP channels are also expressed in neurons of the central nervous system, and in non-neuronal cells that communicate with sensory nerves. Nociceptive TRPs are activated by specific physico-chemical stimuli to provide the excitatory trigger in neurons. In addition, decades of research has identified a large number of immune and neuromodulators as mediators of nociceptive TRP channel activation during injury, inflammatory and other pathological conditions. These findings have led to aggressive targeting of TRP channels for the development of new-generation analgesics. This review summarizes the complex activation and/or modulation of nociceptive TRP channels under pathophysiological conditions, and how these changes underlie acute and chronic pain conditions. Furthermore, development of small-molecule antagonists for several TRP channels as analgesics, and the positive and negative outcomes of these drugs in clinical trials are discussed. Understanding the diverse functional and modulatory properties of nociceptive TRP channels is critical to function-based drug targeting for the development of evidence-based and efficacious new generation analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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19
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Lee Y, Jo J, Chung HY, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Endocannabinoids in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G655-G666. [PMID: 27538961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system mainly consists of endogenously produced cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) and two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). This system also includes enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids and molecules required for the uptake and transport of endocannabinoids. In addition, endocannabinoid-related lipid mediators and other putative endocannabinoid receptors, such as transient receptor potential channels and other GPCRs, have been identified. Accumulating evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid system is a key modulator of gastrointestinal physiology, influencing satiety, emesis, immune function, mucosal integrity, motility, secretion, and visceral sensation. In light of therapeutic benefits of herbal and synthetic cannabinoids, the vast potential of the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has been demonstrated. This review focuses on the role of the endocannabinoid system in gut homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders associated with intestinal motility, inflammation, and cancer. Finally, links between gut microorganisms and the endocannabinoid system are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; and
| | - Jeongbin Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; and
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; and
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; and
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20
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Karwad MA, Macpherson T, Wang B, Theophilidou E, Sarmad S, Barrett DA, Larvin M, Wright KL, Lund JN, O'Sullivan SE. Oleoylethanolamine and palmitoylethanolamine modulate intestinal permeability in vitro via TRPV1 and PPARα. FASEB J 2016; 31:469-481. [PMID: 27623929 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids modulate intestinal permeability through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). The endocannabinoid-like compounds oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) play an important role in digestive regulation, and we hypothesized they would also modulate intestinal permeability. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured in human Caco-2 cells to assess permeability after application of OEA and PEA and relevant antagonists. Cells treated with OEA and PEA were stained for cytoskeletal F-actin changes and lysed for immunoassay. OEA and PEA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OEA (applied apically, logEC50 -5.4) and PEA (basolaterally, logEC50 -4.9; apically logEC50 -5.3) increased Caco-2 resistance by 20-30% via transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. Preventing their degradation (by inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase) enhanced the effects of OEA and PEA. OEA and PEA induced cytoskeletal changes and activated focal adhesion kinase and ERKs 1/2, and decreased Src kinases and aquaporins 3 and 4. In Caco-2 cells treated with IFNγ and TNFα, OEA (via TRPV1) and PEA (via PPARα) prevented or reversed the cytokine-induced increased permeability compared to vehicle (0.1% ethanol). PEA (basolateral) also reversed increased permeability when added 48 or 72 h after cytokines (P < 0.001, via PPARα). Cellular and secreted levels of OEA and PEA (P < 0.001-0.001) were increased in response to inflammatory mediators. OEA and PEA have endogenous roles and potential therapeutic applications in conditions of intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation.-Karwad, M. A., Macpherson, T., Wang, B., Theophilidou, E., Sarmad, S., Barrett, D. A., Larvin, M., Wright, K. L., Lund, J. N., O'Sullivan, S. E. Oleoylethanolamine and palmitoylethanolamine modulate intestinal permeability in vitro via TRPV1 and PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Karwad
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Macpherson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Theophilidou
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarir Sarmad
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael Larvin
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen L Wright
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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21
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Systemic desensitization through TRPA1 channels by capsazepine and mustard oil - a novel strategy against inflammation and pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28621. [PMID: 27356469 PMCID: PMC4928060 DOI: 10.1038/srep28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel dual strategy against inflammation and pain through body-wide desensitization of nociceptors via TRPA1. Attenuation of experimental colitis by capsazepine (CPZ) has long been attributed to its antagonistic action on TRPV1 and associated inhibition of neurogenic inflammation. In contrast, we found that CPZ exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via profound desensitization of TRPA1. Micromolar CPZ induced calcium influx in isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from wild-type (WT) but not TRPA1-deficient mice. CPZ-induced calcium transients in human TRPA1-expressing HEK293t cells were blocked by the selective TRPA1 antagonists HC 030031 and A967079 and involved three cysteine residues in the N-terminal domain. Intriguingly, both colonic enemas and drinking water with CPZ led to profound systemic hypoalgesia in WT and TRPV1−/− but not TRPA1−/− mice. These findings may guide the development of a novel class of disease-modifying drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects.
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22
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Ordovas-Montanes J, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Huang S, Riol-Blanco L, Barreiro O, von Andrian UH. The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease. Trends Immunol 2016; 36:578-604. [PMID: 26431937 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system are the principal sensory interfaces between the internal and external environment. They are responsible for recognizing, integrating, and responding to varied stimuli, and have the capacity to form memories of these encounters leading to learned or 'adaptive' future responses. We review current understanding of the cross-regulation between these systems. The autonomic and somatosensory nervous systems regulate both the development and deployment of immune cells, with broad functions that impact on hematopoiesis as well as on priming, migration, and cytokine production. In turn, specific immune cell subsets contribute to homeostatic neural circuits such as those controlling metabolism, hypertension, and the inflammatory reflex. We examine the contribution of the somatosensory system to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, allergic, and infectious processes in barrier tissues and, in this context, discuss opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of neuro-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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23
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Yu X, Yu M, Liu Y, Yu S. TRP channel functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:385-96. [PMID: 26459157 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are predominantly distributed in both somatic and visceral sensory nervous systems and play a crucial role in sensory transduction. As the largest visceral organ system, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract frequently accommodates external inputs, which stimulate sensory nerves to initiate and coordinate sensory and motor functions in order to digest and absorb nutrients. Meanwhile, the sensory nerves in the GI tract are also able to detect potential tissue damage by responding to noxious irritants. This nocifensive function is mediated through specific ion channels and receptors expressed in a subpopulation of spinal and vagal afferent nerve called nociceptor. In the last 18 years, our understanding of TRP channel expression and function in GI sensory nervous system has been continuously improved. In this review, we focus on the expressions and functions of TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 in primary extrinsic afferent nerves innervated in the esophagus, stomach, intestine, and colon and briefly discuss their potential roles in relevant GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mingran Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaoyong Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Lapointe TK, Basso L, Iftinca MC, Flynn R, Chapman K, Dietrich G, Vergnolle N, Altier C. TRPV1 sensitization mediates postinflammatory visceral pain following acute colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G87-99. [PMID: 26021808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00421.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent phases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often accompanied by chronic abdominal pain. Although the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel has been postulated as an important mediator of visceral hypersensitivity, its functional role in postinflammatory pain remains elusive. This study aimed at establishing the role of TRPV1 in the peripheral sensitization underlying chronic visceral pain in the context of colitis. Wild-type and TRPV1-deficient mice were separated into three groups (control, acute colitis, and recovery), and experimental colitis was induced by oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Recovery mice showed increased chemically and mechanically evoked visceral hypersensitivity 5 wk post-DSS discontinuation, at which point inflammation had completely resolved. Significant changes in nonevoked pain-related behaviors could also be observed in these animals, indicative of persistent discomfort. These behavioral changes correlated with elevated colonic levels of substance P (SP) and TRPV1 in recovery mice, thus leading to the hypothesis that SP could sensitize TRPV1 function. In vitro experiments revealed that prolonged exposure to SP could indeed sensitize capsaicin-evoked currents in both cultured neurons and TRPV1-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, a mechanism that involved TRPV1 ubiquitination and subsequent accumulation at the plasma membrane. Importantly, although TRPV1-deficient animals experienced similar disease severity and pain as wild-type mice in the acute phase of colitis, TRPV1 deletion prevented the development of postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity and pain-associated behaviors. Collectively, our results suggest that chronic exposure of colon-innervating primary afferents to SP could sensitize TRPV1 and thus participate in the establishment of persistent abdominal pain following acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamia K Lapointe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lilian Basso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Mircea C Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robyn Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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Qiao L, Jiao L, Pang G, Xie J. A novel pungency biosensor prepared with fixing taste-bud tissue of rats. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:454-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Sensory TRP channels: the key transducers of nociception and pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:73-118. [PMID: 25744671 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral detection of nociceptive and painful stimuli by sensory neurons involves a complex repertoire of molecular detectors and/or transducers on distinct subsets of nerve fibers. The majority of such molecular detectors/transducers belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, which comprise both specific receptors for distinct nociceptive stimuli, as well as for multiple stimuli. This chapter discusses the classification, distribution, and functional properties of individual TRP channel types that have been implicated in various nociceptive and/or painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Role of transient receptor potential channels in intestinal inflammation and visceral pain: novel targets in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:419-27. [PMID: 25437822 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large group of ion channels that are prevalent in mammalian tissues. They are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in nonneuronal cells, where they are implicated in sensing temperature, noxious substances, and pain. TRPs play an important role in immune response and nociception and, therefore, may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, whose major symptoms include chronic inflammatory state and abdominal pain. In this review, we summarize what is known on TRP channels in inflammatory bowel disease and visceral pain; we focus in particular on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPM. We also analyze scientific reports that evidence potential use of TRP regulators in future inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
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Issa CM, Hambly BD, Wang Y, Maleki S, Wang W, Fei J, Bao S. TRPV2 in the development of experimental colitis. Scand J Immunol 2015; 80:307-12. [PMID: 24965783 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Colitis is still a significant disease challenge in humans, but its underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channel plays an important pathological role in host immunity, as deficiency of TRPV compromises host defence in vivo and in vitro. Using a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, the function of TRPV2 in the development of colitis was investigated, utilizing TRPV2(-/-) and Wt mice. Less severe colitis was observed in TRPV2(-/-) , compared to that of Wt mice, at the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical levels. Compared to Wt mice, reduced severity of colitis in TRPV2(-/-) mice may be due to less intestinal inflammation via reduced recruitment of macrophages. The TRPV2 pathway contributes to the development of colitis. These data provide useful information for potential therapeutic intervention in colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Issa
- School of Life Science and Technology, TongJi University, Shanghai, China; Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kun J, Szitter I, Kemény Á, Perkecz A, Kereskai L, Pohóczky K, Vincze Á, Gódi S, Szabó I, Szolcsányi J, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Upregulation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 ion channel in the inflamed human and mouse colon and its protective roles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108164. [PMID: 25265225 PMCID: PMC4180273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are localized on sensory nerves and several non-neural cells, but data on their functional significance are contradictory. We analysed the presence and alterations of TRPA1 in comparison with TRP Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) at mRNA and protein levels in human and mouse intact and inflamed colons. The role of TRPA1 in a colitis model was investigated using gene-deficient mice. TRPA1 and TRPV1 expressions were investigated in human colon biopsies of healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) with quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Mouse colitis was induced by oral 2% dextran-sulphate (DSS) for 10 days. For investigating the functions of TRPA1, Disease Activity Index (weight loss, stool consistency, blood content) was determined in C57BL/6-based Trpa1-deficient (knockout: KO) and wildtype (WT) mice. Sensory neuropeptides, their receptors, and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined with qPCR or Luminex. In human and mouse colons TRPA1 and TRPV1 are located on epithelial cells, macrophages, enteric ganglia. Significant upregulation of TRPA1 mRNA was detected in inflamed samples. In Trpa1 KO mice, Disease Activity Index was significantly higher compared to WTs. It could be explained by the greater levels of substance P, neurokinins A and B, neurokinin 1 receptor, pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and also interleukin-1beta, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, monokine induced by gamma interferon-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and B-lymphocyte chemoattractant in the distal colon. TRPA1 is upregulated in colitis and its activation exerts protective roles by decreasing the expressions of several proinflammatory neuropeptides, cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anikó Perkecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Kereskai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Áron Vincze
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Gódi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Szabó
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Nash MS, Verkuyl JM, Bhalay G. TRPV1 Antagonism: From Research to Clinic. ION CHANNEL DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735087-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, has been one of the most extensively studied molecules in sensory research. Its contribution to the sensation of pain in numerous pre-clinical inflammatory and neuropathic paradigms has been well-established and expression analysis suggests a potential role clinically in pain and bladder conditions. The field has now reached an exciting point in time with the development of a number of high quality TRPV1 antagonist drug candidates and the release of clinical data. What has become apparent from this work is that inhibition of TRPV1 function brings with it the potential liabilities of increased body temperature and altered thermal perception. However, there is cause for optimism because it appears that not all antagonists have the same properties and compounds can be identified that lack significant on-target side-effects whilst retaining efficacy, at least pre-clinically. What is perhaps now more critical to address is the question of how effective the analgesia provided by a TRPV1 antagonist will be. Although tantalizing clinical data showing effects on experimentally-induced pain or pain following molar extraction have been reported, no clear efficacy in a chronic pain condition has yet been demonstrated making it difficult to perform an accurate risk-benefit analysis for TRPV1 antagonists. Here we provide an overview of some of the most advanced clinical candidates and discuss the approaches being taken to avoid the now well established on-target effects of TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Nash
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Forum 1, Novartis Campus CH - 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - J. Martin Verkuyl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB UK
| | - Gurdip Bhalay
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB UK
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de Fontgalland D, Brookes SJ, Gibbins I, Sia TC, Wattchow DA. The neurochemical changes in the innervation of human colonic mesenteric and submucosal blood vessels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:731-44. [PMID: 24597665 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic inflammation involves vasodilation, oedema and sensory nerve hypersensitivity. Extrinsic sensory nerves to the intestinal wall mediate these effects and functional subsets of these extrinsic nerves can be characterized by immunohistochemical profiles. In this study such profiles were examined in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Healthy margins from cancer patients were compared to specimens from IBD patients. All nerve fibres were labelled by PGP 9.5. Double and triple labelling with TH, NPY, SP, SOM, NOS, VIP, VAChT, CGRP, TRPv1 were performed. Perivascular nerve fibres in the mesentery, and submucosa, were examined. The percentage of all labelled nerve fibres was calculated with a transect method. KEY RESULTS Total number of varicosities on mesenteric vessels increased in IBD but decreased around submucosal vessels. The percentage of nerve fibres around submucosal arteries labelled by SP increased from 11% in controls to 20% (UC) and 24% (CD) and mesenteric artery nerve fibres were unchanged. Nerve fibres labelled by SOM were markedly reduced surrounding submucosal arteries, from 22% to 1% (UC) and 2% (CD), but not perivascular mesenteric nerve fibres. 87 to 93% of SP immunoreactive nerve fibres were also reactive for TRvP1. TRPv1 labelling without SP was 12%in controls and increased to 40% in CD submucosal specimens. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES There is an increase in SP and TRPv1, and a reduction in SOM immunoreactive nerve fibres in IBD. Changes in the perivascular functional nerve subclasses may underlie the hyperaemia, and ulceration, characteristic of IBD. Furthermore, pain may relate to underlying neural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Fontgalland
- Department of Surgery/Department of Human Physiology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Assas BM, Pennock JI, Miyan JA. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a key neurotransmitter in the neuro-immune axis. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:23. [PMID: 24592205 PMCID: PMC3924554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how the neural and immune systems interact in host defense is important, integrating a system that senses the whole body with one that protects. Understanding the mechanisms and routes of control could produce novel and powerful ways of promoting and enhancing normal functions as well as preventing or treating abnormal functions. Fragmentation of biological research into specialities has resulted in some failures in recognizing and understanding interactions across different systems and this is most striking across immunology, hematology, and neuroscience. This reductionist approach does not allow understanding of the in vivo orchestrated response generated through integration of all systems. However, many factors make the understanding of multisystem cross-talk in response to a threat difficult, for instance the nervous and immune systems share communication molecules and receptors for a wide range of physiological signals. But, it is clear that physical, hard-wired connections exist between the two systems, with the key link involving sensory, unmyelinated nerve fibers (c fibers) containing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and modified macrophages, mast cells and other immune and host defense cells in various locations throughout the body. In this review we will therefore focus on the induction of CGRP and its key role in the neuroimmune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakri M Assas
- Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne I Pennock
- Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Neurosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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Bouyer PG, Tang X, Weber CR, Shen L, Turner JR, Matthews JB. Capsaicin induces NKCC1 internalization and inhibits chloride secretion in colonic epithelial cells independently of TRPV1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G142-56. [PMID: 23139219 PMCID: PMC3543646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00483.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colonic chloride secretion is regulated via the neurohormonal and immune systems. Exogenous chemicals (e.g., butyrate, propionate) can affect chloride secretion. Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of the chili peppers, exerts various effects on gastrointestinal function. Capsaicin is known to activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), expressed in the mesenteric nervous system. Recent studies have also demonstrated its presence in epithelial cells but its role remains uncertain. Because capsaicin has been reported to inhibit colonic chloride secretion, we tested whether this effect of capsaicin could occur by direct action on epithelial cells. In mouse colon and model T84 human colonic epithelial cells, we found that capsaicin inhibited forskolin-dependent short-circuit current (FSK-I(sc)). Using PCR and Western blot, we demonstrated the presence of TRPV1 in colonic epithelial cells. In T84 cells, TRPV1 localized at the basolateral membrane and in vesicular compartments. In permeabilized monolayers, capsaicin activated apical chloride conductance, had no effect on basolateral potassium conductance, but induced NKCC1 internalization demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and basolateral surface biotinylation. AMG-9810, a potent inhibitor of TRPV1, did not prevent the inhibition of the FSK-I(sc) by capsaicin. Neither resiniferatoxin nor N-oleoyldopamine, two selective agonists of TRPV1, blocked the FSK-I(sc). Conversely capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, and N-oleoyldopamine raised intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in T84 cells and AMG-9810 blocked the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by capsaicin and resiniferatoxin suggesting the presence of a functional TRPV1 channel. We conclude that capsaicin inhibits chloride secretion in part by causing NKCC1 internalization, but by a mechanism that appears to be independent of TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Tang
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago; and
| | | | - Le Shen
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago; and
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- 2Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Lack of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel modulates the development of neurogenic bladder dysfunction induced by cross-sensitization in afferent pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:3. [PMID: 23305398 PMCID: PMC3556132 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder pain of unknown etiology has been associated with co-morbid conditions and functional abnormalities in neighboring pelvic organs. Mechanisms underlying pain co-morbidities include cross-sensitization, which occurs predominantly via convergent neural pathways connecting distinct pelvic organs. Our previous results showed that colonic inflammation caused detrusor instability via activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) signaling pathways, therefore, we aimed to determine whether neurogenic bladder dysfunction can develop in the absence of TRPV1 receptors. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TRPV1−/− (knockout) mice were used in this study. Colonic inflammation was induced by intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The effects of transient colitis on abdominal sensitivity and function of the urinary bladder were evaluated by cystometry, contractility and relaxation of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) in vitro to various stimuli, gene and protein expression of voltage-gated sodium channels in bladder sensory neurons, and pelvic responses to mechanical stimulation. Results Knockout of TRPV1 gene did not eliminate the development of cross-sensitization between the colon and urinary bladder. However, TRPV1−/− mice had prolonged intermicturition interval and increased number of non-voiding contractions at baseline followed by reduced urodynamic responses during active colitis. Contractility of DSM was up-regulated in response to KCl in TRPV1−/− mice with inflamed colon. Application of Rho-kinase inhibitor caused relaxation of DSM in WT but not in TRPV1−/− mice during colonic inflammation. TRPV1−/− mice demonstrated blunted effects of TNBS-induced colitis on expression and function of voltage-gated sodium channels in bladder sensory neurons, and delayed development of abdominal hypersensitivity upon colon-bladder cross-talk in genetically modified animals. Conclusions The lack of TRPV1 receptors does not eliminate the development of cross-sensitization in the pelvis. However, the function of the urinary bladder significantly differs between WT and TRPV−/− mice especially upon development of colon-bladder cross-sensitization induced by transient colitis. Our results suggest that TRPV1 pathways may participate in the development of chronic pelvic pain co-morbidities in humans.
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Tauber S, Paulsen K, Wolf S, Synwoldt P, Pahl A, Schneider-Stock R, Ullrich O. Regulation of MMP-9 by a WIN-binding site in the monocyte-macrophage system independent from cannabinoid receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48272. [PMID: 23139770 PMCID: PMC3491062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid system is known to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, drugs targeting cannabinoid receptors are considered as candidates for anti-inflammatory and tissue protective therapy. We demonstrated that the prototypical cannabinoid agonist R(+)WIN55,212-2 (WIN) reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in a murine model of cigarette-smoke induced lung inflammation. In experiments using primary cells and cell lines of the monocyte-macrophage-system we found that binding of the cannabinoid-receptor agonist WIN to a stereo-selective, specific binding site in cells of the monocyte-macrophage-system induced a significant down-regulation of MMP-9 secretion and disturbance of intracellular processing, which subsequently down-regulated MMP-9 mRNA expression via a ERK1/2-phosphorylation-dependent pathway. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory effect was independent from classical cannabinoid receptors. Our experiments supposed an involvement of TRPV1, but other yet unidentified sites are also possible. We conclude that cannabinoid-induced control of MMP-9 in the monocyte-macrophage system via a cannabinoid-receptor independent pathway represents a general option for tissue protection during inflammation, such as during lung inflammation and other diseases associated with inflammatory tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Tauber
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Paulsen
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wolf
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Vinuesa AG, Sancho R, García-Limones C, Behrens A, ten Dijke P, Calzado MA, Muñoz E. Vanilloid receptor-1 regulates neurogenic inflammation in colon and protects mice from colon cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1705-16. [PMID: 22396497 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation driven by the vanilloid-type ion channel receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV-1) is suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Because inflammatory bowel disease is known to elevate the risk of colon cancer, we examined postulated roles for TRPV-1-driven neuroinflammation in promoting colitis-associated and spontaneous colon cancer development. Using a well-established model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), we found that mice genetically deficient in TRPV-1 showed a higher incidence and number of tumors in the distal colon. In like manner, genetic deficiency of TRPV-1 in the APC(Min/+) model of spontaneous colon cancer accentuated the number of colonic adenomas formed. Mechanistic analyses in the CAC model revealed an increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tumors along with elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-11 and activation of the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, TPRV-1-deficient mice exhibited a defect in expression of the anti-inflammatory neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) which contributed to the generation of a local proinflammatory environment. Together, our findings argue that by limiting neuroinflammatory processes, TRPV-1 exerts a protective role that restricts the initiation and progression of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya G Vinuesa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Chang F, Lacey MR, Bouljihad M, Höner Zu Bentrup K, Fortgang IS. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G195-206. [PMID: 22052015 PMCID: PMC3341116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00209.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key player in inflammatory bowel disease and has been variably associated with carcinogenesis, but details of the cross talk between inflammatory and tumorigenic pathways remain incompletely understood. It has been shown that, in C57BL/6 mice, signaling via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) is protective from injury and inflammation in experimental colitis. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of TNFR1 signaling would confer increased risk of developing colitis-associated carcinoma. Using three models of murine tumorigenesis based on repeated bouts of inflammation or systemic tumor initiator, we sought to determine the roles of TNF and TNFR1 with regard to neoplastic transformation in the colon in wild-type (WT), TNFR1 knockout (R1KO), and TNF knockout (TNFKO) mice. We found R1KO animals to have more severe disease, as defined by weight loss, hematochezia, and histology. TNFKO mice demonstrated less weight loss but were consistently smaller, and rates and duration of hematochezia were comparable to WT mice. Histological inflammation scores were higher and neoplastic lesions occurred more frequently and earlier in R1KO mice. Apoptosis is not affected in R1KO mice although epithelial proliferation following injury is more ardent even before tumorigenesis is apparent. Lastly, there is earlier and more intense expression of activated β-catenin in these mice, implying a connection between TNFR1 and Wnt signaling. Taken together, these findings show that in the context of colitis-associated carcinogenesis TNFR1 functions as a tumor suppressor, exerting this effect not via apoptosis but by modulating activation of β-catenin and controlling epithelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Engel MA, Khalil M, Siklosi N, Mueller-Tribbensee SM, Neuhuber WL, Neurath MF, Becker C, Reeh PW. Opposite effects of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in oxazolone colitis. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:24-9. [PMID: 22018693 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrinsic sensory neurons play a crucial role in aberrant immune responses in colitis. The activation of peptidergic sensory nerve fibres is accompanied by a release of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). SP levels increase whilst CGRP levels decrease in colon specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel disease; thus suggesting the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, respectively, of these neuropeptides. METHODS Oxazolone (4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one) colitis was induced in wild-type (WT), SP and CGRP knockout ((-/-)) mice. CGRP(-/-) mice were treated with the neurokinin 1-receptor antagonist CP-96345 (CP). The permeability of the mouse colon was evaluated by Evans Blue uptake. Cytokines produced by colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Colons of WT, CGRP(-/-) and SP(-/-) mice showed similar tissue architecture and permeability. SP(-/-) mice were protected against oxazolone colitis, whereas CGRP(-/-) showed increased susceptibility to colitis compared to WT mice. SP(-/-) and CP-treated CGRP(-/-) mice showed no significant body weight loss during the period of sickness in contrast to untreated CGRP(-/-) and WT mice. Decreased production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells of the protected SP(-/-) mice confirms the crucial role of these cytokines in oxazolone colitis. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the neuropeptides CGRP and SP exert opposing effects in oxazolone colitis and provide further evidence for a prominent neuroimmune association in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Engel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Engel MA, Leffler A, Niedermirtl F, Babes A, Zimmermann K, Filipović MR, Izydorczyk I, Eberhardt M, Kichko TI, Mueller-Tribbensee SM, Khalil M, Siklosi N, Nau C, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Neuhuber WL, Becker C, Neurath MF, Reeh PW. TRPA1 and substance P mediate colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1346-58. [PMID: 21763243 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, and calcium channels, which control their release from extrinsic sensory neurons, have important roles in experimental colitis. We investigated the mechanisms of colitis in 2 different models, the involvement of the irritant receptor transient receptor potential of the ankyrin type-1 (TRPA1), and the effects of CGRP and substance P. METHODS We used calcium-imaging, patch-clamp, and neuropeptide-release assays to evaluate the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic-acid (TNBS) and dextran-sulfate-sodium-salt on neurons. Colitis was induced in wild-type, knockout, and desensitized mice. RESULTS TNBS induced TRPA1-dependent release of colonic substance P and CGRP, influx of Ca2+, and sustained ionic inward currents in colonic sensory neurons and transfected HEK293t cells. Analysis of mutant forms of TRPA1 revealed that TNBS bound covalently to cysteine (and lysine) residues in the cytoplasmic N-terminus. A stable sulfinic acid transformation of the cysteine-SH group, shown by mass spectrometry, might contribute to sustained sensitization of TRPA1. Mice with colitis had increased colonic neuropeptide release, mediated by TRPA1. Endogenous products of inflammatory lipid peroxidation also induced TRPA1-dependent release of colonic neuropeptides; levels of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal increased in each model of colitis. Colitis induction by TNBS or dextran-sulfate-sodium-salt was inhibited or reduced in TRPA1-/- mice and by 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopro-pylphenyl)-acetamide, a pharmacologic inhibitor of TRPA1. Substance P had a proinflammatory effect that was dominant over CGRP, based on studies of knockout mice. Ablation of extrinsic sensory neurons prevented or attenuated TNBS-induced release of neuropeptides and both forms of colitis. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimmune interactions control intestinal inflammation. Activation and sensitization of TRPA1 and release of substance P induce and maintain colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Engel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Lee J, Yamamoto T, Kuramoto H, Kadowaki M. TRPV1 expressing extrinsic primary sensory neurons play a protective role in mouse oxazolone-induced colitis. Auton Neurosci 2011; 166:72-6. [PMID: 21855422 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TRPV1 expressing sensory neurons which have been considered to be largely associated with neurogenic inflammation were chemically denervated by capsaicin treatment in neonatal mice. However, neonatal capsaicin treatment aggravated mouse oxazolone-induced colitis, and did not affect the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- or substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the colon. Meanwhile, the capsaicin-induced contraction was absent in the colon of neonatal capsaicin treatment mouse. These results suggest a protective role of TRPV1 expressing extrinsic sensory neurons in oxazolone-induced colitis and the involvement of some neurotransmitter other than CGRP and substance P in the pathogenesis of the colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- Division of Gastroinstestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Holzer P. TRP channels in the digestive system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:24-34. [PMID: 20932260 DOI: 10.2174/138920111793937862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several of the 28 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits are expressed throughout the alimentary canal where they play important roles in taste, chemo- and mechanosensation, thermoregulation, pain and hyperalgesia, mucosal function and homeostasis, control of motility by neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal and muscle cells, and vascular function. While the implications of some TRP channels, notably TRPA1, TRPC4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPV6, have been investigated in much detail, the understanding of other TRP channels in their relevance to digestive function lags behind. The polymodal chemo- and mechanosensory function of TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPV1 and TRPV4 is particularly relevant to the alimentary canal whose digestive and absorptive function depends on the surveillance and integration of many chemical and physical stimuli. TRPV5 and TRPV6 as well as TRPM6 and TRPM7 appear to be essential for the absorption of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), respectively, while TRPM7 appears to contribute to the pacemaker activity of the interstitial cells of Cajal, and TRPC4 transduces smooth muscle contraction evoked by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. The implication of some TRP channels in pathological processes has raised enormous interest in exploiting them as a therapeutic target. This is particularly true for TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1, which may be targeted for the treatment of several conditions of chronic abdominal pain. Consequently, blockers of these TRP channels have been developed, and their clinical usefulness has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitátsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Bishnoi M, Bosgraaf CA, Premkumar LS. Preservation of acute pain and efferent functions following intrathecal resiniferatoxin-induced analgesia in rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:991-1003. [PMID: 21680254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a potent agonist of TRPV1, which possesses unique properties that can be utilized to treat certain modalities of pain. In the present study, systemic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of RTX resulted in a significant decrease in acute thermal pain sensitivity, whereas localized intrathecal (i.t.) administration had no effect on acute thermal pain sensitivity. Both i.p. and i.t. administration of RTX prevented TRPV1-induced nocifensive behavior and inflammatory thermal hypersensitivity. There were no alterations in mechanical sensitivity either by i.p. or i.t. administration of RTX. In spinal dorsal horn (L4-L6), TRPV1 and substance P immunoreactivity were abolished following i.p. and i.t. administration of RTX. In dorsal root ganglia (DRG), TRPV1 immunoreactivity was diminished following i.p. administration, but was unaffected following i.t. administration of RTX. Following i.p. administration, basal and evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release were reduced both in the spinal cord and peripheral tissues. However, following i.t. administration, basal and evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release were reduced in spinal cord (L4-L6), but were unaffected in peripheral tissues. Both i.p. and i.t. RTX administration lowered the body temperature acutely, but this effect reversed with time. Targeting TRPV1-expressing nerve terminals at the spinal cord can selectively abolish inflammatory thermal hypersensitivity without affecting acute thermal sensitivity and can preserve the efferent functions of DRG neurons at the peripheral nerve terminals. I.t. administration of RTX can be considered as a strategy for treating certain chronic and debilitating pain conditions. PERSPECTIVE Localized administration of RTX in spinal cord could be a useful strategy to treat chronic debilitating pain arising from certain conditions such as cancer and at the same time could maintain normal physiological peripheral efferent functions mediated by TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Bishnoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA
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43
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Musumeci G, Grasselli G, Rossi S, De Chiara V, Musella A, Motta C, Studer V, Bernardi G, Haji N, Sepman H, Fresegna D, Maccarrone M, Mandolesi G, Centonze D. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels modulate the synaptic effects of TNF-α and of IL-1β in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:669-77. [PMID: 21672630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are involved in several inflammatory diseases. However, their action is still controversial, and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles have been described. We used a strain of TRPV1-KO mice to characterize the role of these channels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which models multiple sclerosis (MS) in mice. EAE mice showed higher lethality in the peak phase of the disease and a better recovery of the surviving animals in the chronic stages, compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. By means of whole-cell patch clamp experiments in corticostriatal brain slices, we found that the absence of TRPV1 channels exacerbated the defect of glutamate transmission occurring in the peak phase of EAE, and attenuated the alterations of GABA synapses in the chronic phase of EAE, thus paralleling the dual effects of TRPV1-KO on the motor deficits of EAE mice. Furthermore, in slices from non-EAE mice, we found that genetic or pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 channels enhanced the synaptic effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) on glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents, and prevented the action of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Together, our results suggest that TRPV1 channels contrast TNF-α-mediated synaptic deficits in the peak phase of EAE and, in the chronic stages, enhance IL-1β-induced GABAergic defects. The opposing interplay with the synaptic actions of the two major pro-inflammatory cytokines might explain the bimodal effects of TRPV1 ablation on the motor deficits of EAE, and suggests that the inflammatory milieu determines whether TRPV1 channels exert preferentially aversive or protective effects on neurons during neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Musumeci
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Devesa I, Planells-Cases R, Fernández-Ballester G, González-Ros JM, Ferrer-Montiel A, Fernández-Carvajal A. Role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in inflammation and sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2011; 4:67-81. [PMID: 22096371 PMCID: PMC3218746 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a thermoreceptor that responds to noxious temperatures, as well as to chemical agonists, such as vanilloids and protons. In addition, its channel activity is notably potentiated by proinflammatory mediators released upon tissue damage. The TRPV1 contribution to sensory neuron sensitization by proalgesic agents has signaled this receptor as a prime target for analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug intervention. However, TRPV1 antagonists have notably failed in clinical and preclinical studies because of their unwanted side effects. Recent reports have unveiled previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory and protective functions of TRPV1 in several diseases. For instance, this channel has been suggested to play an anti-inflammatory role in sepsis. Therefore, the use of potent TRPV1 antagonists as a general strategy to treat inflammation must be cautiously considered, given the deleterious effects that may arise from inhibiting the population of channels that have a protective function. The use of TRPV1 antagonists may be limited to treating those pathologies where enhanced receptor activity contributes to the inflamed state. Alternatively, therapeutic paradigms, such as reduction of inflammatory-mediated increase of receptor expression in the cell surface, may be a better strategy to prevent abrogation of the TRPV1 subpopulation involved in anti-inflammatory and protective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante
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45
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Engel MA, Becker C, Reeh PW, Neurath MF. Role of sensory neurons in colitis: increasing evidence for a neuroimmune link in the gut. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1030-3. [PMID: 20722067 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a crucial involvement of extrinsic sensory neurons in the aberrant immune response in colitis. Activation of sensory neurons is accompanied by a release of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), which induce neurogenic inflammation characterized by vasodilatation, plasma extravasation, and leukocyte migration. Although the role of these neuropeptides in experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial, numerous data indicate a functional role for sensory neurons. In fact, chemical desensitization or surgical denervation of sensory nerves were shown to attenuate experimental colitis. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor was demonstrated to be efficient in chemically induced mouse models of colitis, and, intriguingly, also in immune-mediated models of colitis (T-cell transfer colitis). Finally, the genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of receptor channels such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 on nociceptive sensory neurons was also demonstrated to be effective in treating experimental colitis, supposedly by inhibiting neuropeptide release. In summary, we are only beginning to understand the mechanisms of how sensory neurons modulate immune cellular actions. These findings highlight a new role of sensory neurons in chronic intestinal inflammation and suggest new avenues for therapy of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Engel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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46
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Holzer P. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as drug targets for diseases of the digestive system. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:142-70. [PMID: 21420431 PMCID: PMC3107431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20 of the 30 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits are expressed by specific neurons and cells within the alimentary canal. They subserve important roles in taste, chemesthesis, mechanosensation, pain and hyperalgesia and contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, absorptive and secretory processes, blood flow, and mucosal homeostasis. In a cellular perspective, TRP channels operate either as primary detectors of chemical and physical stimuli, as secondary transducers of ionotropic or metabotropic receptors, or as ion transport channels. The polymodal sensory function of TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPM8, TRPP2, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 enables the digestive system to survey its physical and chemical environment, which is relevant to all processes of digestion. TRPV5 and TRPV6 as well as TRPM6 and TRPM7 contribute to the absorption of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, respectively. TRPM7 participates in intestinal pacemaker activity, and TRPC4 transduces muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation to smooth muscle contraction. Changes in TRP channel expression or function are associated with a variety of diseases/disorders of the digestive system, notably gastro-esophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pain and hyperalgesia in heartburn, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, cholera, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esophageal, gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer, and polycystic liver disease. These implications identify TRP channels as promising drug targets for the management of a number of gastrointestinal pathologies. As a result, major efforts are put into the development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists and the assessment of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Shieh KR, Yi CH, Liu TT, Tseng HL, Ho HC, Hsieh HT, Chen CL. Evidence for neurotrophic factors associating with TRPV1 gene expression in the inflamed human esophagus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:971-7, e252. [PMID: 20518854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor has been implicated in the mechanism of acid induced inflammation in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). It has been demonstrated that the increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was associated with the increased expression of TRPV1. We aimed to determine whether expression of TRPV1 was increased in severe inflamed human esophagus, and to test the hypothesis whether the expression of TRPV1 was mediated by neurotrophic factors such as NGF and GDNF. METHODS We compared biopsies taken from the distal esophagus of 15 patients with erosive GERD, 16 asymptomatic patients (AP), and 10 healthy controls. We assessed the biopsies with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for TRPV1, NGF, and GDNF. Immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 protein expression was also determined. KEY RESULTS Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 mRNA level and its protein expression were significantly greater in patients with erosive esophagitis than AP (P < 0.001) and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Nerve growth factor and GDNF gene levels in the esophageal mucosa were also significantly increased in patients with erosive esophagitis compared with AP and healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 mRNA correlated well with NGF (r = 0.61, P < 0.001) and GDNF (r = 0.58, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results support the association of NGF and GDNF in the up-regulation of TRPV1 receptors in patients with erosive esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Shieh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Identifying the Ion Channels Responsible for Signaling Gastro-Intestinal Based Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2768-2798. [PMID: 27713376 PMCID: PMC4034097 DOI: 10.3390/ph3092768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We are normally unaware of the complex signalling events which continuously occur within our internal organs. Most of us only become cognisant when sensations of hunger, fullness, urgency or gas arise. However, for patients with organic and functional bowel disorders pain is an unpleasant and often debilitating reminder. Furthermore, chronic pain still represents a large unmet need for clinical treatment. Consequently, chronic pain has a considerable economic impact on health care systems and the afflicted individuals. In order to address this need we must understand how symptoms are generated within the gut, the molecular pathways responsible for generating these signals and how this process changes in disease states.
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Hwang MK, Bode AM, Byun S, Song NR, Lee HJ, Lee KW, Dong Z. Cocarcinogenic Effect of Capsaicin Involves Activation of EGFR Signaling but Not TRPV1. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6859-69. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Szitter I, Pozsgai G, Sandor K, Elekes K, Kemeny A, Perkecz A, Szolcsanyi J, Helyes Z, Pinter E. The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in dextran sulfate-induced colitis in mice. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:80-8. [PMID: 20411352 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in oral dextran sulfate sodium-induced (DSS) colitis using TRPV1 knockout mice and their wild-type C57BL/6 counterparts. DSS (2% or 5%) was administered orally ad libitum for 7 days; the controls received tap water. Animal weight, stool consistency, and blood content were scored every day to calculate the disease activity index (DAI). After sacrificing the mice on day 7, the colons were cut into three equal segments (proximal, intermediate, and distal) for histology, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytokine measurements. In the 2% DSS-treated group, the lack of TRPV1 receptors decreased the DAI. Each colon segment of wild-type animals showed more than two-fold increase of MPO activity and more severe histological changes compared to the knockouts. This difference was not observed in case of 5% DSS, when extremely severe inflammation occurred in both groups. IL-1beta production was not altered by the absence of TRPV1. In conclusion, activation of TRPV1 channels enhances the clinical symptoms, histopathological changes, and neutrophil accumulation induced by 2% DSS. Elucidating the modulator role of TRPV1 channels in inflammatory bowel diseases may contribute to the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for their therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Hungary
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